Note on the Style of Referencing and the Use of Capitalisation and Emphasis in this Work
A large part of this book is concerned with (interpretations of) the historical works of Hegel and Marx and the methodical connections between them. But since both Marx and Hegel wrote in German and this text is written in English, quoting the publication date of the translation when referencing would obscure the chronological order in which the original German texts were written. This is also true regarding posthumously published texts. When referencing historical texts, I therefore mention (at least) two dates. The first date mentioned refers to the year of publication of the copy that I actually used. The second date (or dates) refers to the underlying historical text. It is placed in square brackets – [] – when the text was previously published. Curly brackets – {} – are placed around the years of composition of posthumously published manuscripts or letters.
Since only the first and second editions of Das Kapital I were published during Marx’s lifetime and under his own supervision, I deviate from this general rule when referring to the other two volumes of Das Kapital, which were posthumously published after thorough editing by Engels, simply because of the years of the first publication in German being so well known in Marxist circles. Engels’s editorial activities have long fuelled controversies regarding whether Engels had done Marx justice. The last word in these disputes might be provided by the editorial teams of the Marx-Engels Gesamtausgabe (MEGA), that from the 1970s onwards have been working on deciphering Marx’s (and sometimes Engels’s) original manuscripts and rendering them into readable and meticulously annotated form. So as to make it easier for the reader to see the wood for the trees, I will refer to all variations by citing the year of the first publication in German in straight brackets, suffixing this with F for the Fowkes (translator of Volume I) or Fernbach (translator of Volumes II and III) translation, M for Marx’s manuscripts and E for Engels’s editorial manuscripts (the latter two were both published in the MEGA series). The meticulous annotations are provided by the editorial teams of the MEGA in a separate volume: Das Apparat. Since I consider these annotations as secondary literature in their own right, I quote MEGA as author and the year of publication of the volume concerned as date, when referring to the latter.
When quoting translations of German or Dutch originals, my page references are to the relevant translation. When paraphrasing, I refer to the original
Regarding Hegel’s texts, I am primarily concerned with the Encyclopädie, but sometimes I will also refer to the Wissenschaft.3 This latter work is divided first into parts, then into books, then into segments [Abschnitte] and next into chapters. The chapters are subdivided into Sections A, B, and C, which are usually, but not always, subdivided again into Subsections a, b, and c. In order to enable comparisons to translations and to other editions, I will not only refer to the page number in the Suhrkamp edition of this book, but also specify the segment, chapter, section, and subsection, respectively. All references to the Wissenschaft are to the first book of the first part, so the part and the book in question need not be specified. Thus 1.1A means (Part 1, Book 1) Segment 1, Chapter 1, Section A (the first chapter of the Wissenschaft has no subsections).
The Encyclopädie is divided into parts and subdivisions [Abteilungen]. Just as with the Wissenschaft, the subdivisions are divided into Sections A, B, and C, which are usually, but not always, subdivided again into Subsections a, b, and c. But since it is partitioned into continuously numbered and sufficiently small §§, a reference to those (notation: §#) suffices to enable comparisons to translations and to other editions than the Lasson edition usually referred to in this book. Finally, Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts (which will be referred to in examples only) is divided into parts and segments, but it too is partitioned into continuously numbered and sufficiently small §§, so a reference to those (§#) will suffice here as well.4
In this book, categories that are dialectically important to Hegel (and thus function as moments – compare Chapter 1, Section 2) will always be written with a capital letter, enabling the reader to see whether a word is used dialectically or not. In German, all nouns are written with a capital letter. So, this practice (although common among native English-speaking Hegelians) has no warrant in German.5 However, since this linguistically questionable convention usually clarifies dialectical exhibitions significantly, I will adopt it here. To avoid confusion between Hegel’s moments (as mainly discussed in Chapter 2) and Marx’s (as mainly discussed in Chapters 3 and 4), Marx’s are stressed by italicising them.
Hegel 1930 [18303, 18171] and 1986 [1812, 1813, 1816], respectively.
Hegel 1930 [1821].
Inwood 1992, p. 6.