General Index
This Index includes all proper names and also chief subjects dealt with in the text of this book.*
Abbreviated Bible (Biblical Chronology)
148, 153, 155, 157
Abbreviated Bible manuscripts of
157, 159
Abraham, patriarch
74
Abu Raya, R.
237
Ačaṙyan, H.
28, 130
Achenbach, G.
191
Acts of John
89
Acts of John written by Prochorus
89, 91
Acts of the Apostles
105
Adam, patriarch
66, 96, 179
Adam and Eve
148, 153
Adam and Eve with Serpent, four rivers in scene
153
Adam and Eve, expulsion of
165
Adam and Eve, scene
xviii, xx, 160
Adam, name of
152
Adam’s skull in Crucifixion, blood washes
117, 226
Adawi, Z.
238
Adoration of the Magi, scene
5, Fig. 10.3, 134
Aeschlimann, E.
74
Aghtamar, Church of the Holy Cross
208
Aghtamar, island
142
Ahab, king
66
Ahasuerus, king of Persia
66, 82
AIEA
218
Ajamian, Sh.
155
al-Aksa Mosque, Jerusalem
72
Aławnuni, M.
118, 226
Alexander Romance
186, 189
Alexander, P.S.
152
Ališan, Ł.
187
Allori, Christofano
67
altar front
165
Amar, J.
157
Amida, Turkey
158–159
Amiranashvili, S.
180
Amit, D.
237, 239
amphora
241
amulets
199
amulet (hmayil) book
200
amulet scrolls
200
amulet scrolls, in Chester Beatty Library
200
amulet scrolls, in Sofia
200
amulet, Matenadaran Scroll 15
200
Anastasis
143
angel
37, 38, 92, 137, 140, 151
Angel and Women at the Tomb, scene
5
angel, form of
135
angel, invisible
138, 139
angel, white
228
angels, carry deceased to heaven
175
animals, natural style in representation of
43
Annunciation, scene
xviii, 91, 93, 96, 226
Annunciation to the Virgin, narrative of
137
Annunciation to Zechariah
Fig. 10.2, 133
Antelias
28
Anthony of Egypt, St. (the Great)
30, 105, 111
Antiochus Epiphanes, called serpent
60
Apocrypha
xvii
apocryphal texts and traditions, illustration of
206–208
Apophthegmata Patrum
105
apostles, kneeling, in Transfiguration
179
apostles, recumbent, in Transfiguration
178
apostles, three, in Transfiguration
177
Apostles, twelve
78, 162
apotheosis of the sun
175
apotropaic writings
199
Arabia, Roman
243
Arak‘el of Tabriz
199
Arakelian, M.
218–220
Arevšatyan, S.
193
Ark, Torah
65
Armenia Minor
114
Armenian art, Western discovery of
131
Armenian flower festival
102
Armenian manuscript illustration, apocryphal elements in
91
Armenians in the Holy Land
239
Ascension, scene
176
Ascension, scene, Western influence in
225, 226
ascetic monks
105
Asian, assistant of Yovhannēs of Amida
159
ass, white
102
Assumption of the Virgin, book
99
Assumption of the Virgin, scene
99
Assyrians
52, 54
Astucatur, painter
219
ateliers, of mosaic craftsmen
246
Athos, Mt.
15
Augustine of Hippo, St.
105, 152, 165
author portraits
195
Avdoyan, Levon
114
Avi-Yonah, Michael
40–44, 48, 238, 240, 244
Avner, R.
241
Avramenc‛, Thaddeus
15, 16, 23, 25, 105, 148, 155–157, 159
Avramenc‛, Thaddeus, editorial method of
26
Babi, G.
111
Bacchanalian scene
175
Baghdiantz-McCabe, Ina
219
Bahat, D.
240
baker, Albanian
189
Baptism, scene
xviii, xx, 5, 61, 173
baptismal fonts, octagonal
164
Barag, D.
245
Baramki, D.C.
237
Bardakjian, K.
189
Barsegh the monk, scribe and painter
219
Barsełyan, H.X.
129
Baskin, Leonard, Chosen Days
69
Bate, A.T.
107
Bathsheba
66, 74
Battle of Avarayr, picture of
Fig. 13.9, 199
Bearing of the Cross, scene
5
beasts of prey
41
Bedford Book of Hours
165
Beit Guvrin
41–43, 241, 244, 245
Beit Guvrin, mosaic in
42, 241, 243, 244
Beit Loya, mosaic in
241
Beit Shean (Scythopolis)
240
Bell, H.I.
31
bells
102
Ben Ami, D.
239
Ben-Arieh, S.
237
Bethulia
51, 52, 54, 56, 59
Betrayal of Judas, scene
5
Bible, Books of
Gen 2
161
Gen 2:10
148, 155
Gen 2:10–14
152, 156, 160
Gen 3:14
231
Num 14:10
180
Deut 34:5–6
97
Ps 2:3
165
Ps 74(73):13–14
102, 234
Ps 144:3–4
81
Prov 1:8
233
Matt 2:9–12
140
Matt 17:1–13
97
Matt 17:2
180
Matt 17:5
180
Matt 21:8
102
Matt 21:3–9
102
Matt 26:28
119
Matt 27
81
Mark 9:2–13
97
Mark 11:1–10
102
Mark 11:8
102
Mark 14:24
119
Luke 1:26–31
91
Luke 1:26–35
137
Luke 1:33
91
Luke 2:1–11
140
Luke 2:1–20
140
Luke 2:9
140
Luke 2:15–18
140
Luke 4:1–13
134
Luke 9:28–39
97
Luke 19:28–40
102
Luke 22:20
119
John 1
213
John 1:1–1:8a, 1:8b–49
214
John 6:54–56
119
John 12:12–19
102
1 Cor 11:25
119
Jude 9
97
Revelation, Book of
163
Rev. 22:1–3
148
Bible passages
200
Biblical Chronology
:
see Abbreviated Bible
bird in a cage
242
bird in a cage, meaning of
243
Bird Mosaic, Jerusalem
237, 242
Bird Mosaic, birds of, not specifically Armenian
245
Bird Mosaic, date of
239
Bird Mosaic, not chapel of St. Polyeuctos
245
Bird Mosaic, not dedicated to unknown soldiers
245
Bird Mosaic, provenance of symbolism
246
birds
41
birds, in spandrels
221
birds, meaning of
244
bishop, image of
119, 120
Bläsing, U.
145
blessing, position of
173, 233
Bliss, F.J.
237
blood, drips on Adam’s skull
117, 226
boat, carrying a church
231
boat, relief sculpture of
143
Bogharian, Archbishop N.
11, 13, 23, 25, 105, 134, 157, 189, 204, 219
Bonaventura, St.
60
Bondone, Giotto, fresco by
166
Book of Models (Pattern Book)
187
Bosch, Hieronymous
148, 165
Botticelli, S.
63
Bovon, F.
99
branches, willow
102
Branner, R.
59
Brendel, O.
179
Briggs, M.S.
40
Brill Publishers
vii
Brown, M.P.
153
Bucher, F.
60
Buchthal, H.
54, 191
buffaloes
31, 33, 38
bull (animal), symbol of St., Mark, with a book
231
bull (document)
xx
Bull of Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
224
Bull, Chester Beatty Library 634
201
Bull, Chester Beatty Library 635
201
bulls, decorative pattern of
201
Burgos (Spain)
72
burial caves, Jerusalem
240
Buschhausen, H.
191
Buschhausen, H. & H.
16, 151, 191
busts
78
Byzantium
11
Č‛rak‛ean, K‛.
91
Caesarea
243
Caleb ben Jephunneh, biblical figure
180
Callman, E.
191
Calzolari-Bouvier, Valentina
vii, 132
Campo Santo, Pisa, frescoes
111
Canberra
40
candelabrum
175, 246
candlesticks with candles
226
Canon Tables
78
Capella Scrovegni
166
Cappadocia
178
Cappadocia, influence of
179
Caravaggio, M.M da
67
Carolingian manuscripts
153
Carswell, J.
219
cassoni boxes, painted
191
Cathedral, of Sts. James, Jerusalem
225, 227, 228
Cathedral, of Sts. James, Jerusalem, picture
201
Cathedral, of Sts. James, southern entrance
228
Cathedral, of Sts. James, western entrance
228
Cathedral, of Sts. James, woodcut of
228
Cathedral, of the Assumption, Moscow
16
cattle
41
cave
34–37
Central Asia, trade
219
Cerberus
167
chalice
38, 120, 221
Chapel of St. James, Jerusalem
228
Chatres, Cathedral
59
Chatzidakis, M.
110, 111
Chavrukov, G.
113
Chazon, Esther Glickler
98
cherubs
118
Chester Beatty Library, Dublin
vii, 16, 155, 201, 224
Chookaszian, Babgen
204
Christ
3, 134, 136
Christ, Ascension or Assumption of, scene
5, 54
Christ, and Three Women, scene
5
Christ, coloured clothes of, in Transformation
180
Christ, crucified
117, 118, 125
Christ, Crucifixion of, scene
5, 81, 124
Christ, enthroned
163
Christ, figure of
226
Christ, Healing of Leper, scene
5
Christ, Life of, scenes from
225
Christ, offering chalice to disciples, scene
5
Christ, on mountain
177, 178, 180
Christ, rising from chalice
118, 119
Christ, temptation of
134
Christ, Walking on Water, scene
5
Christ, wearing a crown
81
Christ, white garments of
173, 180
Christ, wound in his side
117
Christ’s Entry to Jerusalem, scene
102, 135
Christology, Armenian
139
church, image of
126
Church of, Ala Kilisse, Cappadocia, frescos in
110
Church, of Holy Mother of God, Piskeni
128
Church, of San Giovanni in Laterano, Rome, mosaic in
169
Church, of San Marco, Venice
165
Church, of San Vitale, Ravenna
161
Church, of Sant’Appolinare in Classe, Ravenna
152
Church, of St. Karapet, Caesaria, Turkey
158
Church, of St. Maria Maggiore, Rome
180
Church, of St. Mary Antiqua, Rome
110
Church, of St. Sargis, T‘axtayłalēn (Siwnik‘)
115, 122
Church, of Sts. Cosmas and Damianus, Rome
163, 169
Church, of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar
142
Church, of the Holy Sepulchre
108, 113
city
162, 163
City of God by St. Augustine
165
civic virtue
63, 64
Clark, E.A.
105
cloud
180
clouds, disc-like
117
codicology
114
codicology, groupings, geographical or genetic
70
Cohen, R.
241
colophons and scribal notes
9
colours
220
columns
215
Communion
108, 111, 112
composition
32, 34, 35, 37, 86
Constantinople
25, 216
Constantius sarcophagus, Ravenna
162, 163
conversion
105
Conybeare, F.C.
92, 159
Copts
105
Costantina Santa, mausoleum, mosaic
161
Coulie, Bernard
189, 218
Creation of the World, illustrations of
143
Creation, “comic book” style
153
creativity, of Armenians
185
Crimea
11, 25, 105
Crimea, Armenians in
11
Crimea, atelier in
23, 24
Crimea, state of, fifteenth century
11, 15
cross
246
Cross with Four Angels
5
Cross, F.L.
231
cross, double
78
cross, functions as Eden
168
cross, in centre of the world
169
cross, Tree of Life
169
cross, wood of
108
crown, symbol
65
Crucifixion, scene
193, 226
D’Ancona, P.
74
Damascus Gate, Jerusalem
237, 240
Dashian, J.
29
Dauphin, C.
48
David the Invincible Philosopher, portrait
Fig. 13.8, 198
David, king
66, 74
David, king, war against Philistines
63
David, with Goliath’s Head, statue by Donatello
63
Day of Judgement
151, 167
de Strycker, E.
92, 139
deacon
120
deacon, tonsured
119
Deborah
50
decapitation
56–58, 63
decorative letters and script
73, 116, 215
Deisis, scene
5
Delilah, biblical figure
66
demon
102, 104
Der Nersessian, Sirarpie
vii, xviii, 13, 16, 62, 70, 71, 78, 83, 111, 131, 132, 142, 143, 148, 156, 158, 159, 179, 180, 187, 188, 191, 193, 219
Descent from the Cross, scene
85
Descent into Hades, scene
143
Descent of the Spirit, scene
5
Desert Fathers
105
Desert Mothers
107
devil
105
Devrikian, V.
180
Dickie, A.C.
237
Dionysiac scene
175
Dionysius of Fourna, Painter’s Manual
34, 71
Dionysius the Areopagite, portrait
Fig. 13.3, 198
Discourse with the Disciples, scene
5
DiSegni, L.
240, 245
Donabédian, P.
131, 145
Donatello
58, 63, 66
Dormition of the Virgin, book
99
Dormition of the Virgin, scene
xviii, 99
Dothan, M.
240
Dournovo, L.A.
132, 137, 176, 178–180
dove, as Holy Spirit, symbolic
169, 233
dragon, dragon-serpent
102, 234
dragon, winged
230
Drost-Abgarjan, Armenuhi
192
Dum-Tragut, J.
145, 204
eagle, Roman
244
eagle, symbol of St. John, holding a book
231
eagle, threatening, meaning of
244
Ecclesius, St.
161
Eden
19, 36, 99, 152, 153, 156, 163, 164, 169, 173, 178
Eden on mountain
178
Eden, Gates of
160
Eden, painting of
96, 148
Eden, perfumes of
151
Eden, six monks seek
148
Eden, trees and flowers in
148
Eden, water in
148
Egypt
27, 105, 152
Egyptian Desert Fathers
111
Egyptians, headgear
19
Ein Gedi, synagogue mosaic, birds in
245
Ein Karem, bird mosaics in
245
elders, wicked
66
Elia, priest of Marzvan, scribe
128
Ełiazar Aynt‘abc‘i
224
Eliezer, servant
74
Elijah
97, 151, 178, 179
Elijah, painted as old man
173
Ełišē vardapet
199
Elizabeth, wife of Zechariah
132
Elliot, J.K.
92, 99, 139
enlightenment experience while reading
105
Enoch, patriarch
151
Entombment, scene
5, 85
Entry into Jerusalem, scene
xx, 5, 6, 89; 88, Fig. 6.12
Ephrem Syrus, St.
145, 151
Ephrem Syrus, St. Commentary on Genesis
156
Ephrem Syrus, St. Commentary on Genesis 3.4
151
Ephrem Syrus, St. Hymns on Paradise
151
Epistles of St. Paul
105
Ervine, R.R.
237, 239
Esther, queen
50, 66
Etchmiadzin, picture of
201
Euphrates, River
152, 155
Euphrosyne, ascetic woman
107
Eusebian Apparatus
7, 218
Eusebius, Epistle of
8
Eustathius mosaic
246
evangelist portraits
3, 7
Eve, matriarch
66, 105
Eve
:
Adam and Eve
eyes, round
178
Ezekiel, prophet
163
fabric
116
faces, structure of
178
Fall, sin and punishment
145
Faraj, work of on hippiatry, translated
204
father instructs son
233
Feig, N.
237
Fevrier, P.A.
160, 161, 163
Feydit, F.
200
figures
78
Firdausi, Persian author
82
fish, angry
102
flabellum (ritual fan)
120
Flagellation, scene
5
Florence, city
63, 111
folk stories
99
four corners of the world
152
four elements
152, 164
four Evangelists
152
four rivers
153, 156, 160, 161, 163, 164, 166, 168, 171
four rivers, and the Cross
152
four rivers, four trees represent
168
four rivers, in Hell
166, 167
four rivers, intersection of
156
four rivers, purpose of depiction of
163, 167
four rivers, symbolize four Evangelists
153, 169
four seasons
164
four Virtues
152
four winds
152
four, numeral, meanings of
152
Franco, Carlo
187
Franks
218
fresco of Traditio Legis
163
Friedman, M.
60, 63
Friend, A.M.
89
fruit of life
169
fruit tree
32, 99
fruit trees, in Transfiguration scene
98, 178, 179
funerary scenes, apotheosis in
175
Gabriel, angel
3, 132, 134
Gabriel, guarding a soul, picture
Fig. 13.10, 201
Galilee
243
Galust, commissioner
122
Galustean, Yakob
9
Galy, J.
176
Ganor, A.
241
Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymous Bosch
148, 165
Garden of Eden, Gates of, book
63
Garden of Eden
:
see Eden
garden, scene
39
garments
37
Gaza
40, 46, 47, 241, 243
Gaza, mosaic
42
Gaza, mosaic workshop in
40, 48
Gaza, mosaic, style of
44, 46–48
Geerard, M.
99
Genesis mosaic in San Marco
165
Genesis, Book of
148
Geva, H.
238
Ghazarian, V.O.
98, 178
Ghent, Belgium
165
Ghiberti, L.
63
Ghougassian, V.S.
219
Gihon, River
152, 155
Giorgione
63
glory of the Lord
180
God, depiction of
145
God, hand of
178, 180
God, name of, “HE IS”
225
God, Throne of
160
Godwin, F.
51–54, 58, 59, 63, 65
Golgotha
117
Goltz, Hermann
192
Gorzalczany, A.
237
Gospel illustration, apocryphal elements in
89
Gospels, European versification of
218
Gospels, text of
8
Gospels, title pages of
2–3
Grabar, A.
41, 110, 152, 160–163, 168, 180
Grandval
153
Greece
11
Greenhill, E.
61
Gregory Martyrophile, St.
26
Gregory Martyrophile, St., visits Egypt
28–30
Gregory Narekac‘i
96, 119
Gregory Nazianus, St.
29
Gregory Tat‘ewac‘i
20
Gregory, Catholicos
26
Gregory, primate of Egypt
27, 30
Grigor Magistros, portrait
198
Grigor Narekac‘i, prayers by
200
Grigor Tat‘ewac‘i and students, picture of
195
Grigor Xlat‘ec‘i, portrait of
198
Grigoris, Catholicos of Aghtamar
189
Guthe, H.
237
Gutman, S.
245
Gutmann, Joseph
72
Habakkuk, prophet
163
Haberville tryptich
168
Hachlili, R.
238, 243
hagiographic illuminations
191
Hairy Anchorite, topos of
113
Hakobian, H.
91
Hakobyan, T.X.
129
Halle, Germany
192
halo
180
Hanukkah, festival
56, 65, 68, 69
Harrowing of Hell, scene
61
Harutyunyan, S.
200
Hayrapet, artist
213, 220
headpiece
213, 215, 219
headpiece (xoran)
118, 119, 125, 126
headpiece, design of
220–221
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
vii
Hell
63, 81
Henderson, P.H.
241
Herod, King
141
Herrad of Landsberg
55
hesychasm
15
Hetherington, P.
71, 187, 189
Hethum, King
122
Hetum Bayl, colophon of
153, 171
hill, cross on
:
see mountain
169
Hillel, Vered
vii, 40
hippiatry
204
Hiram, A.S.
241
Histories, illumination of
193
Hjort, Ø.
41
Holofernes
49, 52–54, 59, 60, 66, 67
Holofernes, absence of from scene
56
Holofernes, decapitation of
50, 52, 53, 56, 57, 58
Holofernes, trampled by Judith
65
Holy Ēǰmiacin, Chapel of, Jerusalem
228
Holy Spirit, as bird (dove)
226, 233
Holy Thursday
108
horror vacui
222, 241
Hughes, R.
165
Hymnal – Šaraknoc‘, illumination of
192
hymns
49
iconographic model
174
iconography
6, 48, 70, 243
iconography, groupings, geographical or genetic
70
iconography, instructions books
71
illuminated letters
78, 124
illustration, forms part of texts
70
illustration, introduction of into text
82
illustration, removed from text
78
image and text
:
see Text and Image
imperial iconography
161
Infancy Gospel, Armenian
92
influence, Byzantine
105
inhabited scroll design
246
Isaiah, prophet
74
Isfahan
xx, 233
Israelites
180
Izmailova, T.A.
97, 178, 179
Jaboby, D.
241
Jacob, patriarch
74
Jael, biblical figure
50, 61, 66
J̌ałac‘teł, father of Galust
122, 173
James, apostle
97
James, brother of Christ (uncertain)
228
Janson, H.W.
64, 67
Jephonias, apocryphal figure
99
Jephonias, hands of severed
99; Fig. 7.6, 100; Fig. 7.7, 101
Jerash, mosaic
243
Jerome, St.
74
Jerusalem
25, 136, 240
Jerusalem, ‘monastic quarter of’
237
Jerusalem, Armenian Patriarchate
xx, 16, 155
Jerusalem, stone cross of 1651
171
Jeselsohn, David
213
Jeselsohn, David and Jemima, Collection
213
Jesus
97
Jesus, bust of
118
Jewish Bride (book)
xx, 189
Jezebel
66
Joasaph and Barlaam, illustration of
9–80
John Chrysostom, St.
29, 236
John Chrysostom, St., Prayer by
120
John Climacus, Heavenly Ladder
191
John the Baptist, St.
66
John the Baptist, St., scene
3
John W. Kluge Center
114
John, Evangelist, symbol of
215
John, St., and Prochorus, scene
89; Fig. 7.1, 90, 132
John, St., evangelist
7, 86, 91, 97, 173
John, St., evangelist, portrait of, additional figure in
89
Jonah and Whale, scene
83; Fig. 6.1, 73; Fig. 6.99, 84; Fig. 10.11, 142
Jonah, painting of
143
Jonah, prophet
72, 142, 143
Jonah Resting on Gourd
Fig. 10.12, 143
Jordan, River
96, 108, 113, 169
Jordan River, personification of
163
Joseph of Arimathea, image of
118, 125
Joseph, husband of Mary
138, 141
Joshua bin Nun
180
Judas Maccabaeus
56
Judith
xxii, 49, 53–55, 62, 63, 66, 67
Judith, (English epic)
50
Judith, (High German poem)
50
Judith, and the Maccabees
65
Judith, as prefiguration of victory over Satan
62
Judith, as prefiguration of Virgin
54
Judith, burial, scene
59
Judith, Christian representation of
50
Judith, deeds of
50, 56
Judith, feminine emotional representation of
50
Judith, figure, development of
49
Judith, figure, male artists represent
49
Judith, in fresco in S. Maria Antiqua church
50, 51
Judith, in Jewish art
68, 69
Judith, in music
49–50
Judith, Jewish national development of
65
Judith, painting by M.M. da Caravaggio
67
Judith, painting by Christofano Allori
67
Judith, prayer, scene
59
Judith, representation of, in art
50
Judith, represents the church militant
50
Judith, scenes
59, 61
Judith, scenes of, in Carolingian Bible
51
Judith, statue by Donatello
63, 66
Judith, story, epitomization of
57
Judith, sword
63
Kaestli, J.D.
132
Kaffa
xvii, 11, 105, 157
Kaffa, Armenian atelier in
20
Kalmin, R.
241
kantharos, drinking cup
241
Kapoïan-Kouymjian, A.
29
Kartsonis, A.D.
61
Kessler, H.I.
131
Kévorkian, R.
185
Khatchadour, kafas of
187
khatchkar
:
stone cross
169
Khirbet ‘Asida, mosaic
243
Khirbet Midras
241
Khirbet Susiya, synagogue mosaic, birds in
245
Kirakos, scribe
219
Kissufim, place
241
Kitzinger, E.
40, 42
Klein, A.
241
Kömürjian, Eremia Chelebi
xx, 189
Korkhmazian, Emma
vii, 13, 20, 191
Kouymjian, D.
187, 216
Kramer, R.S.
54
Kristosatur, scribe and painter
151
Kyria Maria, bird mosaics in
245
Kyria Maria, mosaic
243–245
Lagrange, M.J.
40
Lamb
6, 161–164
lambs, symbolic
161
Lamonte, J.L.
11
Landau, Amy
vii
Last Judgement, scene
63
Latins
218
Laurina, V.
175
Lazarev, V.
61, 111
leather cover, with tooled design
116
Lehmann, H.J.
143, 216
Leloir, L.
26, 91
leopard
46
Leviathan
102, 234, 240
Levine, L.I.
245
Leviticus, Book of
72
Levy, S.
241
Leyloyan-Yekmalyan, Anna
vii
Library of Congress
114
Life of St. Onophrius the Hermit
31
Lives of the Desert Fathers
31
Lint, Th.M. van
vii, 145
lion
193
lion, representation of
46, 47, 78, 113
lion, symbol of Luke
231
List of Anastas Vardapet
245
liturgical manuscripts
192
Lives of the Desert Fathers
13, 24–26, 148, 155, 157, 158
Lives of the Desert Fathers, copies of
157
Livingstone, E.A
231
Loeff, Yoav
200
Loewenstamm, S.
178
Louvre, Paris
168
Lucifer
60
Luke, St. portrait
7
luminaries
117, 125
Lwow
218
Ma’on (Kibbutz Nirim), mosaic
41, 42, 44, 46–48
Macarius the Roman, naked ascetic
107
Macarius, Marcus, and a Sick Cub, scene
Fig. 2.2, 14
Macedonian style
39
Macler, F.
131, 186, 187, 191
Maddan, A.
238
Magi, three
132
Mahé, J.P.
185
main axis of mosaic, techniques
243, 244
main sanctuary of see issuing Bull
224
Maitani, Lorenzo
165
Maksoudian, Krikor vardapet
130
Malkhasyan, A.
178
mandorla
33, 173, 179, 180, 226, 233
manger
140
Mantegna
63
manuscripts discussed
Arabic, Bibl. Laurentiana Med. Pal. 387
176
Barberini vat. Lat. 587
58
BL ms. Add. 719.352
78
BL ms. Add. 10546
153
BL ms. Add. 21160
73
BL ms. Add. 27301
16, 157, 159, 191
BL ms. Add. 10546
145
BL Arundel 44 Speculum Virginum
61
BL ms. or. 7027
31
BL ms. or. 7029
31
Boston Public Library Gospels
193
Chester Beatty Library, 551
157, 159
Chester Beatty Library, 621
192
Dijon bibl. comm. mss. 12–15
58
Etchmiadzin ET16
219
Ethiopian, Ritual for Passion week
136
Freer Gallery 56.II
233
Getty Ludwig 1.14 Getty Bible
143, 144, 153
Haggadah of Prague
65
Hamburg Staats- & Univ. Bibl. Heb 37
56
Hortus Deliciarum
54, 56
Israel Museum 180/51 Ferrara
56
Jerusalem NLI Yah Or 8 (olim or. var. 4° 1)
2, 157
Jerusalem Patriarchate J23
16, 157, 191
Jerusalem Patriarchate J228
16, 157, 191
Jerusalem Patriarchate J268
16, 157
Jerusalem Patriarchate J285
25, 39, 78, 82, 102, 107, 108, 148, 155, 157–159, 191, 192
Jerusalem Patriarchate J293
16, 157, 191
Jerusalem Patriarchate J324
198
Jerusalem Patriarchate J410
16, 157, 191
Jerusalem Patriarchate J473
189
Jerusalem Patriarchate J627
157
Jerusalem Patriarchate J773
23
Jerusalem Patriarchate J971
16, 157, 191
Jerusalem Patriarchate J1409
16, 157, 191
Jerusalem Patriarchate J1667, Hymnal
233
Jerusalem Patriarchate J1920, Menologium
140
Jerusalem Patriarchate J1927
56
Jerusalem Patriarchate J1928
218
Jerusalem Patriarchate J1933
153, 218, 219, 221, 233
Jerusalem Patriarchate J1934
218
Jerusalem Patriarchate J1973, Mariun Gospels
99
Jerusalem Patriarchate J2350
219
Jerusalem Patriarchate J2556 King Gagik Gospels
84, 134
Jerusalem Patriarchate J2563 Queen Keran Gospels
173
Jerusalem Patriarchate J2568 Prince Vasak Gospel
78
Jerusalem Patriarchate, Queen Keran Gospel
74
Jeselsohn Collection, Bible leaf
213
Judaeo-Persian, Ardashir Book
82
Kiev Psalter
79
Library of Congress, Missal no. 1 1561
115
Library of Congress, Missal no. 1 1561, codicology of
115–116
Library of Congress, Missal no. 2 1560
123
Library of Congress, Missal no. 2 1560, codicology of
123
Matenadaran M201
218
Matenadaran M204
153
Matenadaran M206
153
Matenadaran M212 Awag Gospels
136
Matenadaran M262
219
Matenadaran M351
218
Matenadaran M789
157, 192
Matenadaran M974
98, 179
Matenadaran M979 King Hethum Lectionary
82, 83, 85, 86, 143
Matenadaran M1203
20
Matenadaran M1746
198
Matenadaran M1920
199
Matenadaran M2374 Etchmiadzin Gospels 1
132, 193
Matenadaran M2743
99
Matenadaran M2865
193
Matenadaran M2890
193
Matenadaran M3714
198
Matenadaran M3863
16, 22
Matenadaran M4806
98
Matenadaran M4814
98, 179
Matenadaran M4823
91
Matenadaran M5995
198
Matenadaran M6201
97, 177, 178, 180
Matenadaran M6305
91, 102
Matenadaran M6783
219
Matenadaran M6988
198
Matenadaran M7046
201
Matenadaran M7337
22
Matenadaran M7651, “Gospel of Six Painters”
81
Matenadaran M7737
132
Matenadaran, Lectionary of Muš
74
Mughni Gospels
176
New York Public Library Spencer Collection 5
189
Pamplona Bible
60
Paris, Bibl. de l’Arsenal 5211
54
Roda Bible
53
Rossano Gospels
160
St. John’s Church, Southfield MI ace no. 1988.269
222
Vat Gr 1 (Leo Bible)
52
Vat Lat 1976
187
Vat Lat 12958
59
Velislaus Bible
60
Venice Biblioteca Marciana
200
Venice Mekhitarist V424
187
Venice Mekhitarist V623/3
218, 219, 221, 222
Venice Mekhitarist V1434
187, 189
Venice Mekhitarist V1865
216
Venice Mekhitarist V1922
13, 16, 157, 159, 191
Vienna Mekhitarist W189
199
Vienna Mechitarist W543
151
manuscripts, physical description of
2
Maranci, Christina
vii, 40, 187
marginal ornaments
3, 118, 124, 126, 209, 216, 221, 222
Marina, ascetic
107
Mark, St., portrait of
7
Markos and Serapion
Fig. 2.7, 20
Marr, N.
118, 193
Martin, J.R.
191
Mary Magdalene
125
Mary Magdalene, haloed, by the cross
118
Mary of Alexandria (or: of Egypt)
110–112
Mary of Alexandria, covered with pelt
109
Mary of Alexandria, levitation of
108, 113
Mary of Alexandria, naked ascetic
xxi, 105, 107
Mary of Alexandria, representations of
110–112
Mary of Alexandria, St., crosses river on dry land, scene
71
Mary of Alexandria, story of
107–108
Mass, liturgy of
38, 114, 115
Massacre of the Innocents, scene
81; Fig. 6.7, 82
Matějček, A.
60
Matevossian, A.
143
Mathews, E.
157
Mathews, G.
21, 243
Mathews, T.F.
93, 96, 98, 139, 178, 179, 192, 222
Matthew, St. depicted as warrior saint
231
Matthew, St., picture of
230
Matthew, St. portrait of
7
Mayer, L.A.
237
medallions, with birds and animals
241
medical works, illustration of
201
medical works, translated into Armenian
201
Medici family
63
Mekhitarist Library, Venice
200
Melik‘-Baxšean, S.T.
129
men, naked ascetics
107
Menead
49
Mesopotamia
152
Mesrop Maštoc‘, St., picture of
198
Meyendorff, J.
1
Meyer, R.T.
105
micrographic art
72
micrographic carpet pages
72
Milik, J.T.
98
Millet, G.
176
Mimouni, S.C.
99
minuscule (bolorgir) script
215, 216
Mirzoyan, A.
91, 92
Missal
119
models, used by Armenian artists
187
Monastery, of Armash
201
Monastery, of Dečani
111
Monastery, of Eleshnitza, Bulgaria
111
Monastery, of St. Anna, Piskeni
128, 129
Monastery, of St. Anthony, Kaffa
11, 105, 148, 157
monastery, of St. John the Baptist
108
Monastery, of Tat‘ew
21
monastic teacher and students, picture of
195
Monasticism
15
mosaic of Traditio Legis
163
Mosaic, Tēr Yakob
246
mosaics, Armenian
236
mosaics, Armenian inscriptions on
239
mosaics, depict living creatures
245
mosaics, floor
239
mosaics, in towns and villages of Holy Land
238
mosaics, with Armenian inscriptions
238
Moses, as young man
173
Moses, death of
98
Moses, in shroud
97, 177–179
Moses, on Sinai
174
Moses, prophet
97, 151
Moses, resurrected, symbolizes Christ
179
Mount of Olives
226, 239
Mount of Olives, Armenian mosaics on
245, 246
mountain
99, 164, 173
mountain, Eden on
151
mouse, black
81
mouse, white
81
Movsēs Xorenac‘i, picture of
193; Fig. 13.5, 195, 199
Muradyan, Gohar
193
Murray, A.S.
237
Murray, R.
151
Museo Nazionale delle Terme
175
musicians
74
Musrara quarter, Jerusalem
236
Musrara Mosaic
243
Mxit‘ar Herac‘i and Nersēs Šnorhali, picture of
204
Naḥal Besor (Shellal)
40
naked monk
31, 33, 34
naked woman, representation of
109, 112
Narkiss, B.
74, 134, 140
narrative illustration, techniques of
131, 132, 135, 137, 141, 145
Nathan, prophet
74
National Library of Israel (NLI)
16, 155
National War Museum, Canberra
40
Nativity, scene
5, 140; Fig. 10.10, 141
naturalistic representation
44–46
Naxčavan, region
122
Nebuchadnezzar, called Satan
60
Nersēs Gnuni, picture of
193
Nersēs Šnorhali, St., poet and Catholicos
151
Nersēs Šnorhali, poem On the Heavens
202, 204
Nersēs Šnorhali instructing Mxit‘ar Herac‘i
Fig. 13.14, 206
Nersessian, V.
144
Nersoyan, T.
119, 120
Netherlands Institute of Advanced Studies
193
Netzer, E.
245
New Julfa (Isfahan)
26, 213, 216, 219
New Julfa and Poland, relations between
218, 219
New Julfa, Western influence in
219
Nikolayos, scribe
233
Nile, River
152
Nineveh, city
142
Nineveh, king of
142
Nirim (Ma’on), mosaic in
241–243
Nitria, desert of
105
Noah’s Ark
231
non-Biblical manuscripts, illumination of
185
Novgorod, school of
24
nuns
105
Obolensky, D.
15
octagonal building in Paradise
165
octagonal fountain
165
octagonal water source
165
Odabashyan, O.O.
200
omophorion
120
Onn, A.
237
Onophrius, St., Life of
31
Onophrius, St., naked ascetic
31, 33–36, 39
orans position
54, 118
orarion
120
Oratory of Christ Latomus, Salonika, mosaic in
163
Origen
62
ornamental initial letter, exceptional
229, 230
ornithomorphic letters
116, 124, 126, 215, 222, 223
Orpheus mosaic, Jerusalem
243
Orvieto, cathedral of
165
Ottoman dynasty, diagram of
199
Outtier, B.
132
Ovadia, A.
40, 238, 241
Ovadia, R.
238
Ovid
167
Oxyrhynchus
36
P‘awstos Buzand
199
page layout
116
Painter’s Manual of Dionysius
187
painter’s manuals
70, 71
palm tree
32, 96, 162
Pambo and Visitors
Fig. 2.9, 22
Panofsky, E.
175
Paphnutius Cephalas, St.
30, 32–38
Paphnutius, St., and the four Old Monks, scene
29
Paphnutius, St., and the four Young Monks, scene
29
Paphnutius, St., and the Old Monk, scene
28
Paphnutius, St., description of
25
Paphnutius, St., Letters to
31
Paradise, scene
160
Paradise
:
see Eden
parchment
214
Passion narrative
152
Patriarchal Bulls
201
Patrich, J.
241
pattern books
71
Paul, Apostle
163
Paul, flanks Christ
161, 163
Paula, disciple of St. Jerome
74
peacocks
118, 126, 221, 241
peaks, three, in Transfiguration
180
Peeters, P.
92
pelican, bites its breast
193
Peregrinatio Paphnutiana
25–27, 30, 31
Peter baptizing Cornelius, scene
71
Peter, Apostle
71, 97, 99, 173
Peter, flanks Christ
161, 163
Petrie, W.M.F.
241
pharmacology
201
Philistines, David’s war against
63
phoenix, symbol of Christ
169
Physiologus, illumination of
192
Piccirillo, M.
238, 243, 246
pilgrims, Armenian
239
pillar
78
pillars before the Temple, Boaz and Jachin
74
Pisa
111
Pishon, River
152, 155
Piskeni, village
129
pitcher
138
pitcher, golden
96
Piyyutim (hymns)
49, 56, 65, 69
plasticity of rendering
242
Pluto and Persephone, enthroned in Hell
167
Poland and New Julfa, relations between
218, 219
Porat, Y.
245
portraits
16
Presentation in the Temple, scene
5; Fig. 6.11, 87
priest, image of
119, 120
Prochorus
91
prostitutes, conversion of
105
Protoevangelium of James
92, 138
Psalms, Book of
74
Psalters, illumination of
78
Pseudo-Callisthenes
186, 187
Pushkariov, V.
175
Rabanus Maurus, Expositio in Librum Judith
60
rabbit
47
Rabula Codex
176
Radder, Patricia
vii
Rahmani, L.Y.
241
Raising of Lazarus, scene
45
Rapti, I.
191
Rapuano, Y.
237
Rausnitz, Shmuel
40
Rebecca, matriarch
74
Reem, A.
238
Relindis, Abbess
55
Reliquary from Pola
162
representations of kings and nobles
208
resurrection of dead
81
Rice, D.T.
176
Rinaldo sarcophagus
161
Rising of Jesus from the Tomb, scene
226
Ritual (Maštoc‘), illumination of
192
river god
103, 166
river, personification of
62
rivers, four
96, 148, 152
rodents
81
Roman Arabia
243
Ross, D.J.A.
187
Ruether, R.
105
ruling
214
ruling, dry point
116, 124
Russell, J.B.
62
Russell, J.R.
200
Russell, N.
105
Russia, influence of
24
Russian painting, similarity to
34
Safrai, Chana
2
Sahak Bagratuni, Prince, picture of
193
Sahak, son of mahdesi Sinan
128
saints
162
Salome
66
Samson, judge
65, 66
Samuelian, Thomas J.
11, 139
Sanjian, A.K.
96, 98, 114, 123, 178, 179, 189, 192, 245
sarcophagus
226
Sargis Pidzak, painter
81
Sarig, N.
237
Satan
60–62, 98, 134, 193, 234
Satan as demonic four-legged rooster
193
Satan in Baptism, scene
102, 103
Satan in baptismal water, story of
102–105
Satan, trampled by Christ
65
Savariego, A.
237
Saxi, F.
49
scarlet thread
92, 138, 139
Scetis, place
30, 105
Schaenlinger, Prof. Anton C.
213
Schick, C.
237
Schneemelcher, W.
91
Schwartz, S.
241
scientific works
201
scriptorium
114
scroll, Jesus holds
7
seal impression
9
Sebastia (Sivas)
114
Sebastia (Sivas), region of
129
Séjourné, P.M.
237
Seligman, J.
239
semantron
228
Septimus Severus, coin of
175
seraph
146, 221
serpent
148
Seter, Mordechai
50
Sextus Petronius Probus, sarcophagus of
161
Shah Abbas I
219
Shellal (place)
40
Shellal, mosaic
xxi, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 241–244
Shellal, mosaic, style of
43, 44, 46
Shem, son of Noah
118
shepherds
140
shepherds of Gerar
74
shoes, iconographic symbol of Christ
226
Short History of the Bible
:
see Abbreviated Bible
Shukron, E.
237
Sienna, Italy
111
Simonian, H.
186, 187
Sinai revelation and Transfiguration, similarity of
176
Sinai, Moses on
174
Sisera, biblical figure
66
Siwnik‘, region
102, 122, 129, 139
Six Monks in Eden, scene
159
sky
117
snake
102
Solomon, Judgement of, scene
74
Solomon, king
74
Sotirou, J. and M.
191
souls ascend to heaven
175
sphinx
78
spinning
92
spring of water
31, 33, 34, 36, 152
St. George
231; Fig. 15.5, 232
St. Ottile, Convent of (Hohenberg)
55
St. Paul, Epistles of
105
St. Sargis the General and Martiros
201
St. Theodore
231
stars
117
Stephen of Rome, St.
29
stereotypes
16
Stichel, R.
178
Stiebel, G.D.
241
Stoic virtues
152
stone crosses, Armenian
169
Stone, Michael E.
2, 11, 114, 118, 134, 135, 139, 140, 145, 192, 216, 218, 237, 239, 240, 246
Stone, Nira
vii, xvii–xxii, 96, 99, 132, 143, 148, 155, 156, 157–159, 178, 200, 226, 236, 237, 239, 241
Story of Adam and Eve, paintings of
145
Story of the Great Fire of Constantinople
189, 199
Story of the Six Monks
153, 155
stream
32, 42
streams, two
96
Sts. Peter and Marcellinus, Tomb of
163
style
5, 18, 19
style, “narrative-symbolic”
55
style, Armeno-Crimean
16, 20, 23
style, Byzantine
24
style, Cilician-type
20
style, of Melitene area
177, 178
style, outlines used in
43–45
style, Palaeologian
15, 39, 174
style, Romanesque
74
stylistic analysis
xxi
sub-deacon, image of
119
Suikenik, E.L.
237
Susanna, biblical heroine
66
Swarzenski, H.
68
sword
52, 99
Symbol of the Sign Virgo
206; Fig. 13.16, 208
Symbols of Four Evangelists
145
Syria
105, 178
T‘oxat‘, place
114
Tabor, Mount
180
Taft, Robert T.
192, 243, 246
Tarsus, city
142
Taurus mountains
178
Tayec‘i, E.
92
Tchekhanovets, Yana
vii, 236
Temple, scene
3
Temple, veil of
92
Temptation of Christ, scene
84, 134, 165; Fig. 10.4, 135
Tēr Gaspar, scribe
219
terrible mountain
156
Testi Cristiani, M.L.
189
text and illustration
xvii, xxi, 24, 70
text and illustration, form one creation
72
text and illustration, function of the frame
83
text and illustration, illustration dominant
86
text and illustration, physical relationship between
72
text and illustration, relationship between
70, 80
text and illustration, separation, gradual
78
text, influence of, on iconography
72
Thaddeus Avramenc‛
:
see Avramenc‛, Thaddeus
The Ten Virgins, scene
160
Thebaïd
105
Theodora, ascetic
107
Theophanes the Greek
23, 24
Theophilus and the Monks
Fig. 2.6, 19
Thierry, J.M.
110, 131
Thierry, N.
110, 131
Thomson, R.W.
151, 237
three kings, Magi
141
Three Women
86
Throne, of Glory
162
throne, of Virgin
132
Tiberias
240
Tieze, A.
189
Tigris, River
152, 155
Timothy, St., and the Buffalos, scene
26
Timothy, St., naked ascetic monk
31, 33, 39, 107
Tintoretto, Jacopo
63
Toledo (Spain)
72
Toros Roslin, painter
81
Toros Taronec‘i, painter
Fig. 10.9, 140
Toxat (Eutokia)
222
Traditio Legis, scene
161, 162
Traina, G.
187
transfiguration from earthly to heavenly
175
Transfiguration, abbreviated scene
177
Transfiguration, mosaic of, St. Catherine’s monastery, Sinai
176
transfiguration, representation of
173
Transfiguration, scene
xxi, 5, 96, 97, 173
Transfiguration, scene, Armenian interpretation of
96
Transfiguration, scene, Byzantine structure of
180
Transfiguration, scene, popularity of
96, 173
transport to heavens, cloud or animal
175
Trebizond Gospels
180
Trebizond, new paints from
20
Tree of Knowledge
153
Tree of Life
171, 178
tree, symbolizes Eden
179
trees
6, 165
trees and flowers
156, 166
Trendall, A.D.
40, 241
Tripolitana (Sabratha), bird in a cage in
245
Tsafrir, Y.
241
two angels carrying seal
224, 229
two figures and tree
38
Tzaferis, V.
41, 237
Uluhogian, Gabriella
200
uncial (erkat‘agir) script
215
Underwood, P.
168
unicorn, symbol of Death
81
Urman, D.
241
Vahramian, H.
142
Valeria, correspondent of St. Paphnutius
31
van Esbroeck, M.
99, 105
van Eyck, Jan
165
Vardan Aygekc‘i and students, picture of
195
Vashti, queen
82
Vaspurakan, region
97
veil of the Temple
138
Veronese, C.A.
187
veterinary science
201
Vices, trampled by Virtues
65
Vienna, city
213
vine-scroll, inhabited, motif
243
vine-scrolls
241
Virgin Mary
54, 74, 91, 92, 96, 99, 137, 138, 140
Virgin Mary, fainting
81
Virgin Mary, funeral of
99
Virgin Mary, haloed, by the cross
118
Virgin Mary, icon of
108, 113, 125
Virgin Mary, nativity of
132
Vitalis, St.
161
Wadi Kelt
244
Walters Art Gallery
vii
Ward, B.
105
Ward, Sinéad
vii
warrior saints
231
Washing of the Feet, scene
5
Washing of the Newborn, scene
5
water of life
160, 162
Wechsler, S.
237
Weintraub, Nira
vii
Weitenberg, J.J.S.
143
Weitzmann, K.
97, 113, 131, 132, 180, 187, 191
well
92, 138
well, of living water
96
Western iconography
226
white
180
white ass
102, 136
white highlighting
34, 36, 37
white lilies, symbol of the Virgin
226
white, garments
97
white, meaning of
xxi
Wieck, R.S.
222
Williams, C.A.
107, 113
Wilson, R. McL.
91
wine, drink of eternal life
175
Wise and Foolish Virgins
Fig. 11.6, 160
Wittkover, R. and M.
59, 67
Wolff, S.
237, 238
women who killed men, attitudes to
49, 66, 67
women, ascetic
105, 106
women, ascetic, portraits of
105
women, social situation of
105
World to Come
153
Xač‘ikyan, Levon
193
Xač‘k’ars
169; Figs. 11.12, 11.13, 170
Xizan, place
193
Xōsōv, grandfather of Galust
122
Yafia, place
244
Yakob, scribe
219
Yeivin, Z.
245
Yesayi Nč‘ec‘i and students, picture of
195
Yilanli Kilisse, Cappadocia, frescos
110
Yovhannēs (Hanna) vardapet
226
Yovhannēs Erznkac‘i, poet
178
Yovhannēs of Amida, painter
159
Yovhannēs T‘lkuranc‘i, On the Creation of the World 72
157
Yovhannēs, scribe
219
Yovhannēs, son of Čenupēk, painter
157
Yovsēp‘ian (Hovsepian, Owsepian), Garegin Catholicos
28, 131
Zak‘aryan
:
see Zakaryan
Zakarian, L.
98, 136
Zechariah, High Priest
132
Zilberbrod, I.
239
Zilberbrod, U.
238
Zissu, B.
241
Zōhrabean, J.
8, 214
Zosimus, ascetic in Trans-Jordan
107, 108, 110–112
Zurich
213
Footnotes
*
The names of all those collections which graciously gave permission to publish their images are set forth in the Acknowledgements. Names of authors in the bibliographies appended to certain chapters are not included.