Index
ABCD (American, British, Chinese, Dutch) front
27
151
157
61
191
212
14
445
ABD talks (Singapore, 1941)
151
Abell, A.E.
54
58
61
170
309
ABN AMRO Bank
19
46
Abyssinian crisis (1935–36)
34
Academia Sinica (Zhongyang Yanjiuyuan 中央研究院)
73; a
96
97
125
127
131
268
466
478
Acheson, Dean
435
aerial photography
126
362
Aerssen Beijeren van Voshol, François C. van
334
472
475; a
306
307
392
393; a
318
325
33
383
449
471; photos of
282
283
284
285; a
378
379
380
81
382
399
Aerssen Beijeren van Voshol, Marnix van
285
327
Afghanistan
388
Africa
20
African-Asian conference on Indonesia (Delhi, India; 1949)
318
Air Transport Agreement, Dutch-Chinese (1947)
284
303
8
346
355
471
Allied Information Committee
188
469
Alma, J.F. Maurits
95
99
100
126
127
173
362
466; a
109
110
112
14
American Communist Party
363
367
American Economic Cooperation Administration
303
392
Amsterdam
200
207
8
350
353
354
Amsterdam Filmliga
361
Anglo-Chinese wars. See Opium Wars
Anti-Comintern Pact (1936)
34
Antilles. See West Indies, Dutch
Arbitration Agreement, Dutch-Chinese (1915)
269
463
Aruba
35
152
211
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
419
474
Asiatic Petroleum Company (APC; Royal Dutch Shell)
46
109
Asperen, C.W. See Boetzelaer van Asperen, C.W. van
Atlantic Charter
151
Attlee, Clement
207
406
Audinet, Jean
176
Australia
232
316
317
328
331
351
426
Austria
21
68
86
147
Austria-Hungary
17
88
217
217
218
aviation, civil
284
303
8
346
355
471. See also Orie
Balkenende, Peter
418
Banjarmasin
435
banks
19
21
46
109
302
419
474
Bao Dai
402
Barbanson, A.E.
65
Barkman, Carl D.
254
322
326
330
335
357
Baren. See Wang Renshu
Batavia (Jakarta)
2
461; air routes to a
305
6
308; Chi
49
77
78
79
208
209
258
350
352
353
435
227; a
12
14; UN Co
288
316
351; i
152
Batavian Revolution (1795)
3
Beatrix, Crown Princess and Queen (Netherlands)
416
417
473
474
Beelaerts van Blokland, F.
51
199
463
Beijing (Peking; Beiping): Beiyang government in, 34; Communist occupation of, 296, 336, 472; Dutch consulates in, 336, 339n207, 340, 381; Dutch embassy in, 271, 321, 322, 326, 330, 333–36, 381, 392, 393–94, 475; Dutch legations in, 16–17, 40, 52, 54, 58, 59, 61, 135, 170–73, 475; Japanese control of, 158; name changes of, 35n2; in postwar period, 326, 330, 333–36, 339n207, 340. See also Legation Quarter (Beijing)
Beiyang regime
34
52
67
Belgium: assets in China of, 21, 46, 218; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 217n13; Chinese diplomatic missions to, 68n142, 198, 204n310, 441n383; consulates of, 209, 227n50, 316; diplomatic missions of, 52n73, 56n90, 170, 200, 332; and Dutch consulates, 337, 338, 339; and Dutch East Indies, 80n190, 316, 351; and extraterritoriality, 219n24, 251n174; government in exile of, 206–7; and Netherlands, 3, 149n5, 200, 328n152; and recognition of PRC, 332, 379, 385; and Taiwan, 422n308, 440; trade with China of, 48; and Treaty of Brussels, 293
Berg, Jan van den
329
449; a
244
250
255; a
120
121
125
176; a
371; a
164; i
156
161
175
76
177
180
184
185
192
322
324
358; a
194
336
337; i
325
326
475; photos of
142
282; i
325
326
336
337; i
173
193
Berg, Roland van den
122
140
324
Bernhard, Prince (Netherlands)
153
Bethune, Norman
367
Biervliet, A. van
64
Big Five powers (Britain, France, US, USSR, China)
293
451
470
Big Four powers (Britain, US, USSR, China; World War II)
8
153
213
321
328
445
Bijvanck, G.M.
64
109
Black Flag (secret society)
323
Blaskowitz, Johannes
153
Blijdenstein, B.M.
462
Blofeld, John
183
Blom, F.J.
85
Blom, N.S.
240
Bo’ao Forum for Asia
419
420
Bodel Bienfait, P.E.H.
188
189
Boetzelaer, E.O. van
50
Boetzelaer van Asperen, C.W. van
254
321
322
329
330
335
357
Boetzelaer van Oosterhout, C.G.W.H. van
320
Bogue, Treaty of the (Humen Tiaoyue 虎门条约; Britain-China; 1843)
215
Boissevain, Gideon W.
61
66
95
107
193
194
240
Bonaparte, Louis
3
Boon, Han N.
322
326
417; o
323; a
320
348
384
387
398
449
Borel Rinkes, H.I.
305
Borneo
211
12
Bos, Hendrik
200
201
468; a
109
111; i
174
75
177
80; i
56
58
61
107
171; photo of
141; i
173; i
159
161
Bosch van Drakestein, H.P.J.
58
59
60
Bot, Ben R.
269
399
400
418
427
Bourdrez, François J.M.
128
130
173
449; career i
91
92
107
14
465
466
467
468; death of
118
23
176
468; a
27
93
94
98
99
106
127; a
364; medal give
124
25
139; photos of
137
138
139
Bourdrez, Zabeth (Elizabeth von Meyenburg)
110
12
120
125
176
Bourdrez Memorial Scholarship Fund
121
22
125
Bourdrez Memorial Stone Committee
122
Boxer indemnity
17
83
131; a
256; a
39
57
88
93
96
97
130
443
445; Dutch remissio
26
27
39
80
87
88
443
445
446
463
464; Dutch
Chi
57
87
88
92
97
119
127
31
225
256
57
268
452
465
66
477
81; fu
87
88
93
130; fu
87
88
89
92
97
99
110
118
125
127
130
31
268
362
443
445
466
478; repayme
86
87; shares of
21
86
88
110
130; a
39
88
89
92
97
362
477; a
87
88
Boxer Indemnity Conservancy Funds
95
96
99
110
125
466
Boxer Protocol (1901)
16
17
463; a
165
252
254
256
57; a
17
53
217
225; a
20
22
217
224
225; a
85
86
Boxer Uprising (1900)
5
41
67; a
16
85
86
463
Braam Houckgeest, Andreas Everardus van
13
187
462
Brand, H.S.
65
Brandeler, Dorone van den
192
322
470
Brazil
68
52
56
162
170; treaties with
217
219
243
251
304
Brems, P.C.
193
Breugel Douglas, Casper van
204
325; a
370
374; i
159
60
178
81
189
469
475; a
235
236; photo of
141
Britain: in ABCD front, 27, 151, 157–61, 191, 212–14, 445; in Big Five coalition, 293, 451, 470; in Big Four coalition, 8, 153, 213, 321, 328, 445; and Boxer indemnity, 86n8, 87, 88, 110; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 217n13; and Brondgeest’s report, 373; Chinese consular missions in, 79n189, 352; Chinese diplomatic missions to, 68n142, 198, 201–3, 204, 237, 341; and Chinese Nationalist government, 34, 154, 198, 332; and Chinese seamen, 167–68; colonies of, 47, 147, 232n78; concessions in China of, 217, 218; consular missions of, 63, 172, 351, 354, 385–86, 440–41; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 56n90, 200, 217, 321, 331n166, 332, 385–86, 391, 392; Dutch consular missions in, 62, 193, 340; Dutch diplomatic missions to, 51, 328n152; and Dutch East Indies, 80n190, 150, 316, 351, 464; Dutch government in exile in, 149, 151, 158, 169, 171–72, 200, 235, 427, 468, 470, 476; Dutch relations with, 2, 21, 150, 169, 191, 304, 437; and Dutch-Chinese treaties, 224, 228, 254, 275, 276; economic interests of, 13, 46, 47; and extraterritoriality, 39, 213, 215, 217n11, 219–21, 222n36, 235, 238–43, 245, 254, 256, 275, 276, 469; in Four-Power Treaty, 150n8; and Hong Kong, 5, 63, 384; and Indonesia, 297, 316, 351, 354, 414n260, 471; military presence in China of, 40n24, 41; vs. Netherlands, 1, 460; and Opium Wars, 5, 14, 215, 462; and PRC, 269, 406, 409, 410n243, 411, 412, 413–14, 446; and recognition of PRC, 379–81, 383–89, 392, 400–402, 409, 410, 426, 428, 438, 439; and Taiwan, 422n308; and Treaty of Brussels, 293–94; in UNSC, 293; in World War II, 147, 149–51, 153, 166, 275–76
British-Chinese treaties
14
38
166
219
304
305; a
238
43
245
254
256
275
276; Na
5
13
215
462
Broecke Hoekstra, A. ten
42
Broek, Hans van den
417
Brondgeest, C.A.M.
358
369
76
377
469
Brussels, Treaty of (1948)
293
299
379
471
Buck, Pearl
364
Bückens, F.
338
339
Burdett, S.L.
194
Burma
152
331
409
410
Burma Road
185
188
Buss, M.A.W.
66
Buurman van Vreeden, Dirk Cornelis
191
92
469
Bylandt, Willem F.L. van
54
149
169
72
207
210; a
237
238
239
40
242
248
249
Cai Xianzhang 蔡咸章 (Y.C. Tsai)
78
Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培
73
Canada
251
293; diplomatic missio
162
328
332
163; a
379
380
Cao Ruquan 曹汝铨 (Yu-Chuan Tsao)
208
209
353
Capa, Robert
363
364
365
Cappelen, D.
64
65
Capra, Frank
367
Carrière, Jan D.
254
282
321
322
326
Catholic Church
11
402
3
Catleen-Kolban, Ellen (Ellen Thorbecke)
57
Cecil, Robert
155
Central Committee for Relief to the Chinese People (Centraal Comité voor Hulpverlening aan de Burgerbevolking van China; Zhongguo Pingmin Jiuji Hui 中国平民救济会)
198
99
Central University (Chongqing)
117
18
Chang, Henry Kunghui. See Zhang Qian
Chang Chen-Chi. See Zhang Chengqi
Chang Kuo Wai. See Zhang Guowei
Chang Pu Ching. See Zhang Buqing
Chang Tseng-Fu. See Zhang Zengfu
Chang Tseng-Lu. See Zhang Zenglu
Chao Hui-mu. See Zhao Huimo
Chapin, Selden
435
Chefoo Convention (1876)
215
16
Chen Chuben 陈楚本
347
Chen Duxiu 陈独秀
359
Chen Gongbo 陈公博
49
Chen Guofu 陈果夫
347
Chen Jiliang 陈季良
42
Chen Kaimao 陈开懋 (Chen Kai Mou)
209
Chen Lifu 陈立夫
347
Chen Shaokuan 陈绍宽
197
467
Chen Shiguang 陈世光
42
Chen Yuanping 陈元屏 (Yuan-Ping Chen)
353
Cheng, C.C. See Zheng Zhaojing
Cheng, F.T. See Zheng Tianxi
Cheng Kai-ming. See Zheng Jiemin
Cheng Ta-Hung. See Zheng Dahong
Chi Ti-fan. See Ji Tifan
Chiang Chia-Tung. See Jiang Jiadong
Chiang Kai-shek. See Jiang Jieshi
Chiang Kai-shek, Madame. See Song Meiling
Chile
52
56
68
162
427
China, Communist. See People’s Republic of China
China, diplomatic history of
4
6
China, imperial
1
3
6
11
13. See also Qi
China, Republican-period
5
6
10
24
26
76
77
463
67. See also civil war; Natio
China Democratic League (Zhongguo Minzhu Tongmeng 中国民主同盟)
176
China National Aviation Corporation
308
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
97
131
268
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
26
35
371
73
376
377; i
34
148
294
96
336
359
61
363
65
369
464
467
470
472; Dutch relatio
357
77
449; o
265; fou
359; GMD purge of
361
464; a
363
67; occupatio
296
336
472; a
6
383; i
34
148
359
61
363
65
369
464
467; a
371
Chinese (Mandarin) language
335;
164
65
469
Chonghou 崇厚
15
Chongqing (Chungking): Brondgeest’s journey to, 369–70, 469; Chinese Nationalist government in, 295, 296, 383, 467, 472; Dutch consular missions in, 193, 354n290, 419; Dutch embassy in, 27, 180–87, 190, 191, 202, 243, 320–24, 337, 350, 375, 419, 469, 475; Dutch legations in, 27, 116, 156, 158, 160, 162, 170, 174–80, 189–91, 193, 467, 469, 475; Dutch property in, 184, 190; foreign consulates in, 214; hydraulic engineers in, 107, 114–19, 120, 177, 467; Japanese bombing of, 115–16, 140, 148, 149, 177–78, 468; and London, 213; military representatives in, 187, 188, 191, 469; new consulate at (2014), 324; photos of, 140
Christianity
11
216
225
256
384; a
402
3
438
Chubb, J.
339
Chungking Diary (Payne)
117
18
citizenship: in 1945 treaty, 257–61; and Chinese Nationalist government, 261; in Dutch East Indies, 232–33, 310, 463; and extraterritoriality, 242–43; in Indonesia, 261, 319; and jus sanguinis, 261, 463, 464; laws on, 233, 234, 261, 463, 464; of overseas Chinese, 211, 223, 229–35, 310, 319; and PRC, 261, 319; in Qing period, 233, 261; treaties on, 234, 300n17, 319, 473. See also Dutch citizens; overseas Chinese
Citters, A.J. van
17
463
civil war in China (1911–49)
6
34
35
254
294
96
359
65
406
452
457
307
308; CCP victory i
336
341
472; CCP
GMD U
34
148
359
60
361
363
65
369
464
467; cease fire i
295
470; a
330
31; a
302
355; a
377
408
Cixi (Tze Hsi), Empress Dowager
18
52
463
Clark Kerr, Archibald
161
Clarke, Ashley
238
Claus, Prince (Netherlands)
473
Cohen Stuart, A.B.
154
55
Cold War
8
25
293; a
270; Dutch allia
299
450; Dutch
Chi
2
24
442
444; PRC foreig
404; a
389
424
426
438
446
Colijn, Hendrikus
74
197
198
colonialism, Dutch
8
20
22
448; a
274
75
276; i
2
3
20
21
22
24
25
355
443
44
447
461; e
153
296
99
437; a
3
225
26; “passive
” 3
62
448. See also decolo
Wester
Comintern (Communist International)
359
360
363
Commission for Trade Relations with China (Dutch East Indies)
49
Common Program (PRC)
393
407
472; a
267
270
71; o
265
66
269
71
273
communism: in Indonesia, 317, 359, 390, 432, 436, 471; in Netherlands, 155, 358, 363; in US, 363, 367, 384
Communist Party of Indonesia (Partai Komunis Indonesia)
359
471
Confucius
12
13; A
Congress of Vienna (1815)
3
162
217
Consular Convention, Dutch-Chinese (1911)
19
232
35
240
463; a
167
239
242
249
257
61; a
77
212
233
34
235
239
242; a
269
300
352
consular jurisdiction: and 1945 treaty, 252, 253, 255, 257, 258, 260, 275; abolition of (1931), 38, 80, 228, 234, 238, 240, 465; courts for, 61–62, 218; Dutch-Chinese treaties on, 224, 226–27; and extraterritoriality, 61, 215–16, 219, 222, 238n108, 239, 242
consular missions: Belgian, 209, 227n50, 316, 338, 339; British, 62, 63, 193, 340, 354, 385–86, 440–41; vs. diplomatic missions, 22; French, 63; Japanese, 63, 209; ranks in, 76; Swiss, 172, 193, 336; US, 63, 382
consular missions, Chinese
76
340; i
232
79
352; i
354
388
435
36; i
79
79
352; i
79
352
consular missions, Chinese in Netherlands and Dutch overseas territories
23
76
80
207
12
349
54
356
450
464; a
239
40
242
253
258
272; i
77
78
200
207
8
350; i
21
63
76
82
207
8
211
12
233
34
239
41
259
314
329
349
54
463
470; i
214
289
353
419; i
349; i
340
349
54
356; i
76
80; i
207
8
214
consular missions, Dutch
61
62
449; i
63
63
43
63
337
340; i
63; i
63
340; i
63
consular missions, Dutch in China
23
192
214
336
459; a
253
255
272; i
335
336
339
193
354
419; i
15
62
66
193
194
195
336
39
462; ho
14
50
51
62
65
227
338
449; i
14
61
66
170
193
95
337
40
462; i
329
30
332
336
40
356
459; i
337
419; i
61
66; i
23
61
62; a
381
82; i
14
61
66
193
194
336
39
462; i
170
192
95
214
Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention; 1944)
304
Coode, A.T.
90
91
108
Corps Insulinde
375
76
Corts, Willem
321
Coursin, Léon
91
92
Crisis in the Far East, The (Wunsz King)
198
Crommelin, W.C.
65
Cuba
52
56
68
cultural relations, Dutch-Chinese
27
82
92
459
478; a
39
57
88
93
96
97
130
443
445; a
199; a
125
26; Lady Precious Stream
74; a
72
73
74
81
Cultural Revolution (China)
368
415
Curaçao
35
152
214
461; Chi
210
11
352
354
419
469; a
395
397
441
currency, Chinese
74
94
customs revenues
14
22
69
217; a
87
225; Dutch
Chi
36
37
80
224
225
Cutsem, A. van
64
Cuypers, P.J.H.
17
Czechoslovakia
204
68
162
198; diplomatic missio
52
56
162
331
219
304
Dai Anguo 戴安国
305
Dai Mingfu 戴明辅 (Mingfoe Tai)
68
69
70
71
136
476
Dalai Lama
422
Dalhuysen, A.F.H.
42
Davidson, I.W.O.
194
D-Day invasion
153
245
46
De Brug (the bridge; film)
362
De Gaulle, Charles
373
De geborduurde bal (play; The embroidered ball)
74
decolonization
153
264
270
294
358
452; a
276
77; a
27
319
444; i
296
99
309
19
320
355
368
439
40
443
447; a
27
356
459
Delft
100
101
103
127
128
464
Denmark
68
80
219
224; diplomatic missio
52
56
217
251
388
410
441; “ra
440
41
Derksen, J.J.
290
412
415
Dimitrov, Georgi
363
Ding Wenjiang 丁文江 (V.K. Ting)
127
Ding Zhenwu 丁振武 (Tsung Woo Ding)
350
353
diplomatic missions: at chargé d’affaires level, 15, 81, 158, 414–17, 435, 442, 462; embassies vs. legations, 68, 162; and Netherlands-Indonesian Union, 388; upgrading of, 27, 52, 68, 161–64, 170, 181, 204, 213, 214, 217n15, 415–16, 445, 449, 473. See also consular missions; Legation Quarter
diplomatic missions, Chinese
17
18
68
196; to Belgium
68
198
204
441
68
198
203
207; to Fra
68
198
346
47; to Germa
17
68
201
7; of PRC
407
9; trai
195
96
352; to US
364
diplomatic missions, Chinese to Netherlands
17
18
67
76
195
207
340
49; archives of
347
48; at chargé d’affaires level
81
414
17
473; evacuatio
200
201; i
201
7; i
301
340
49
350
356; of PRC
349
411
414
17
448; i
67
76
80; i
17
19; staff of
286
287
476; i
195
212
214
diplomatic missions, Dutch: to Britain, 204, 328n152; in Europe, 388; to Germany, 59
diplomatic missions, Dutch to China
16
17
50
61
169
92
320
36; a
243
247
252
255; i
16
17
40
52
54
58
59
61
135
158
170
73
271
321
322
326
330
333
36
381
392
393
475; a
52; at chargé d’affaires level
15
158
414
17
442
462
473
474
475; a
164
65; i
116
156
158
160
162
170
174
87
189
91
193
202
243
337
350
375
419
467
469
475; a
227; i
331
333
334; a
172
73; military
159
60
187
92; i
58
61
170
171
173
74
281
285
320
34
337
357
378
83
387
475; i
271
320
40
378; postwar status of
333
377
88
415
18
419
21
440
442
448; i
50
66; i
15
17
52; tributary
11
13; upgradi
27
52
129
162
63
415
16; i
156
157
61
169
92
214
diplomatic missions, foreign to China
55
114
177
217
18
408; of Australia
328
331
53
56
170
200
332; of Brazil
52
56
162
170; of Britai
52
56
200
321
331
332
391
392
440
41; of Burma
331
328
332
56
162
52
56
162
331
52
56
321
331
391; of Germa
52
55
162
217
392; of Japa
52
56
157
217; to PRC
377
88
413
23
440
41
442
448; a
377
88
408
13; tributary
4
5
458; of US
52
56
172
217
383
391; of USSR
52
55
321
331
Dissevelt, G.J.
330
334
381
Dobben, A.L.W. van
64
Dong Biwu 董必武
367
416
Dong Lin 董霖 (William Tung)
205
7
300
341
343
44
346
470
476
Dong Xianguang 董显光 (Hollington K. Tong)
161
Dongen, Helen van
367
Doorman, Karel
152
Dorolle, Pierre
125
Dorp, J.G.L. van
413
Double Tenth Agreement (1945)
294
Drees, Willem
298
390
397
Drummond, Eric
107
Dual Nationality Treaty (PRC-Indonesia; 1955)
300
473
Duan Maolan 段茂澜
346
347
Dujiangyan (Sichuan), irrigation system of
83
116
Dutch Catholic Party
402
3
Dutch China Syndicate (Nederlandsch Syndicaat voor China)
46
47
Dutch citizens: in China, 195, 223–29, 234, 335; of Chinese descent, 211, 223; and consular missions, 21, 64, 193, 195, 338, 339; and extraterritoriality, 80; Japanese internment of, 123, 172–73, 193, 324, 336, 468; and recognition of PRC, 400, 402–3. See also citizenship; overseas Chinese
Dutch Communist Party
155
358
363
Dutch Consular Act (Consulaire Wet; 1871)
226
27
Dutch East India Company (VOC; Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie)
2
3
11
12
13
461
462
Dutch Friendship Association for Asian Art
72
Dutch Harbor Construction Company (Nederlandsche Maatschappij voor Havenwerken)
46
47
93
109
Dutch Indies Trading Bank
109
302
338
Dutch language
8
88
Dutch Trading Society (Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij)
15
46
109
Dutch West India Company (WIC)
461
Dutch-Chinese relations: early (1600–1840), 11–13; early modern (1840–1927), 13–20; modern, 11, 20–24; in postwar period (1946–50), 24, 26, 27–28, 144, 214, 281–90, 293–442; power dynamics in, 450–53, 454; in prewar period (1927–36), 24, 26–27, 33–139; in recent period (1950–2018), 413–23; scholarship on, 6–11, 20–21; sources for, 26, 27–28, 29, 459–60; in World War II (1937–45), 24, 26, 27, 140–43, 147–277
Duyvendak, J.J.L.
11
56
122
23
125
26
198
99
East Asian Affairs Office (Dienst der Oost-Aziatische Zaken; Dutch East Indies)
45
50
167
231
32
275
309
10
432
East Germany
427
East Indies, Dutch: and 1945 treaty, 166, 223, 236–37, 242–43, 244–48, 257–61, 275; aid to China from, 155–56, 212; and Air Transport Agreement, 306; anti-Chinese violence in, 288, 309–17, 470; and Britain, 80n190, 150, 316, 464; Brondgeest in, 375–76; categories of residents in, 230–31, 233, 234; Chinese consular missions in, 63, 76–82, 207–8, 211–12, 233–34, 239–41, 259, 314, 329, 349–54, 356, 463, 470; and Chinese name, 165; Chinese Nationalist agitation in, 166–67, 235; Chinese students in, 119, 127–28; Chinese trade with, 22, 38, 47–50, 168–69, 234, 302–3, 355, 471; Chinese warships in, 43, 44–45; citizenship in, 232–33, 310, 463; colonialism in, 2–3, 20–22, 24–25, 355, 443–44, 447, 461; and Consular Convention, 77, 212, 233–34, 235, 239, 242; decolonization of, 296–99, 309–19, 320, 355, 368, 439–40, 443, 447; Dutch citizens of Chinese descent in, 23,
East Indies, Dutch (cont.)
211, 223, 233, 257, 260, 310; Dutch containment policy in, 309–10, 313; Dutch legal system in, 23, 227, 236, 244, 245; Dutch military aggression in, 297, 314–15, 317, 318, 329, 351, 355, 376, 443, 452, 471; Dutch warships in, 41, 44; and Dutch-Chinese relations, 8, 20–21, 25–26, 357, 358; economy of, 35–36, 48, 229; Great Depression in, 35–36, 48; immigration to, 45, 223, 229, 230, 466; Japanese occupation of, 7, 40, 123, 152, 160–61, 172–73, 189, 207, 208, 213, 214, 452, 459, 469; Japanese relations with, 9n20, 33n1, 49, 81, 149–51, 154, 157, 212, 230, 232, 464, 468; in postwar period, 302–3, 336, 340, 341, 345, 355, 356; and recognition of PRC, 380, 387; Sneevliet in, 358–59; sympathy for China in, 154, 155–56; in World War II, 4, 149–52, 154, 159, 166–67, 172–73, 187, 276, 350. See also Indonesia; overseas Chinese; Peranakans; Totoks
economic relations, Dutch-Chinese
28
154
157
301
302; i
168
69; i
45
50
73
74; i
168. See also trade
economy, Chinese
81
88
89
92
406; a
74
94
73
74; Soviet model for
415
Eden, Anthony
373
Eighth Route Army (PLA)
369
70
371
Eight-Nation Alliance (Baguo Lianjun 八国联军)
86
embassies. See diplomatic missions
engineering, geodetic
126. See also hydraulic e
Enlightenment, European
13
Escher, George
84
462
Europe: Chinese cultural influence in, 12–13; Chinese missions in, 68; Dutch relations with, 299, 320, 388; missionaries from, 14; in World War II, 213, 221. See also Marshall Plan; North Atlantic Treaty Organization; particular countries
European Union (EU)
417
418
422; Chi
453
55
Everard, Pieter F.J.
142
188
92
370
374
extraterritoriality
215
77; abolitio
53
55
80
221
22
469; attempts to abolish
22
80
195
219
20
263
464; British
5
39
213
215
217
219
21
222
235
238
43
245
254
256
275
276
469; a
40
43
218
22
223
227
28
237
239
40
249
251
263
464; a
61
62
215
16
219
222
238
239
242; Fre
215
217
251
275; history of
5
6
14
215
22;
219
222; a
” 276
77
455; a
39
213
215
217
219
21
222
235
236
238
240
43
245
extraterritoriality, Dutch
222
77
445
458
470; 1931 treaty o
38
80
228
234
238
240
465; a
129; a
21
22
25
61
62
217
extraterritoriality, Dutch-Chinese 1945 treaty on
143
165
66
443
445
446
448
469
483
93; a
252
253
54
256
271; a
165
252
254
256
57; a
257
61; a
167
249
257
61; a
252
253
255
257
258
260
272
275; a
243
247
252
255
267
271
392; a
166
223
236
37
239
242
48
257
61
275; effects of
252
77; first draft of
237
38; a
253
255
56
272;
26
27
38
39
40
213
219
222
35
237
49
274
75
452; a
166
236
37
244
48
257
258
260
275; postwar status of
267
270
72
299
300
301; a
274
75
452; a
267
270
71
392
93; a
165
254
61; provisio
252
53
270
72; ratificatio
249
52; sig
274
77; a
75
206
260
483
487
490
93
Fairbank, John King
5
370
Farmer, P.
64
66
194
Feng Jixiu 冯吉修 (Fung Kat-shau)
208
209
Feng Yuxiang 冯玉祥
144
183
Feng Zhizheng 冯执郑 (Chih Tsing Feng)
72
78
79
Ferguson, Jan Helenus
15
16
52
462
Fernhout, John
363
364
365
367
Fijnje van Salverda, J.G.W.
85
Findlay Andrew, G.
161
Finland
68
388
Flaes, Reijnier (F.C. Terborgh)
171
172
468
475
Fokker (firm)
72
73
Fontanel, E.
193
336
Foo Ping-sheung. See Fu Bingchang
Foreign Affairs, Chinese Ministry of (Waijiaobu; 外交部; GMD): and Chinese consulates, 210; and Chinese diplomatic missions, 178, 180, 201, 340; and Chinese name for Holland, 165; and Dutch military mission, 190; and extraterritoriality, 227–28, 236, 248, 250; history of, 67–68; organization of, 196; relocation to Chongqing of, 148; relocation to Nanjing of, 320; in World War II, 148, 195–96
Foreign Affairs, Chinese Ministry of (Waijiaobu; 外交部; PRC): and diplomatic relations with Indonesia, 434–36; and diplomatic relations with Netherlands, 405–7–409, 410–13, 414–16; and preexisting treaties, 267; and recognition, 267, 410, 432–34
Foreign Affairs, Dutch Ministry of
51
155
320
374; history of
3
14
15
50
51; relocatio
341; relocatio
169
202
Foreign Affairs Investigation Group (Waishi Zhencha Zu 外事侦察组)
188
Foulkes, Charles
153
400 Million, The (film)
365
68
467
468
Four-Power Treaty (1921)
150
France: assets in China of, 46, 217, 424; in Big Five coalition, 293, 451, 470; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 87, 88, 217n13; Chinese diplomatic missions to, 68n142, 198, 346–47; and Chinese Nationalist government, 38, 69, 332, 472; Chinese treaties with, 14, 219n20, 224, 304; consular missions of, 63, 351; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 56n90, 321, 331n166, 391; and Dutch East Indies, 80n190, 316, 351, 354, 464; Dutch relations with, 1, 2, 3, 21, 51, 169, 191, 328n152; and extraterritoriality, 14, 215, 217n11, 251n174, 275; in Four-Power Treaty, 150n8; and Geneva Conference, 414n260; in Indochina, 149, 151, 275, 304, 402, 414n260, 431; and Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 464; military of, 40n24; mutiny of Chinese diplomats in, 346–47; overseas territories of, 232n78; and PRC, 269, 379, 380, 385, 386, 401, 460; and Taiwan, 422n308; and Treaty of Brussels, 293; in UNSC, 293; in World War II, 149, 198, 200, 275–76
François, J.P.A.
398
Free French Forces
369
373
374
Fremery, H.J.D. de
109
187
467
Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, Treaty of (US-China; 1946)
300
Fu Bingchang 傅秉常 (Foo Ping-sheung)
159
198
235
Fung Kat-shau. See Feng Jixiu
Fuzhou (Foochow)
14
215
62
66
193
194
337
338
339
462
Gastman, A.L.E.
321
Gastman, L.A.
337
338
339
340
Gauss, Clarence E.
161
Ge Zukuang 葛祖旷 (Tschou Kwang Kah)
209
Gelder, H.E. van
136
Gellhorn, Martha
363
Geneva Conference (1954)
413
414
Gerbrandy, Pieter Sjoerds
149
161
427
Germany: and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 88n16, 217n13; Chinese diplomatic missions to, 68n142, 162n65, 200; and Chinese Nationalist government, 69; Chinese relations with, 8, 46, 48; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 55, 162n65, 217, 392; and Dutch East Indies, 80n190; Dutch relations with, 1, 21, 51, 59, 62, 296; and extraterritoriality, 217n11, 218; and Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 464
Germany, Nazi
33
147; a
154
156
157
201
2
212; defeat of
153
296; Dutch relatio
169
212; Japa
Germany, Nazi (cont.)
with, 34, 150, 468; occupation of Netherlands by, 4, 76, 149; and Sneevliet, 361; in Tripartite Pact, 150, 468; and USSR, 201, 427
Gijn, L.H. van
321
Gompels, S.A.
330
Good Earth, The (book and film; Pearl Buck)
364
Goyer, Pieter de
11
461
Graeff, A.C.D. de
51
57
58
60
71
72
Grand Canal
83
Great Depression
4
33
35
36
48
Greece
219
304
422
427
Groenman, Frans E.H.
59
64
65
95
Grotius, Hugo
12
186
399
461
Gu Ji 顾亟
414
Gu Weijun 顾维钧 (Wellington Koo)
67
71
122
196
97
198
207
Guangzhou (Canton)
13
14
215
296
472; Chi
345
346; Chi
330
31
379
380
471; Dutch co
15
62
66
193
194
195
336
39
462; Dutch diplomatic missio
334
472; postwar
334
336
337
338
339
Guillaume, R.J.
194
Gulik, B.A. van
328
330
336
378
471
Gulik, Frances van (Shui Shifang 水世芳)
Gulik, Robert H. van
328
335
357
58; i
181
84
186
190
192
469; a
214
357
58
449; a
244
182; Judge Dee detective series of
181
82; a
323; photos of
142
144
Guo Moruo 郭沫若
183
Guo Taiqi 郭泰祺 (Quo Tai-chi)
71
141
196
198
221
Guo Zeji 郭则济 (T.C. Kuo)
78
79
Haas, J.C.W.M. de
66
Hague, The: Chinese consular mission in, 349–50; Chinese diplomatic missions in, 68–76, 196–201, 208, 287, 341–49; evacuation of Chinese mission from, 200; relocation of Chinese mission to, 203, 206, 207, 341–43
Hague Citizen Convention (1930)
234
Hague Convention (1907)
3
19
52
Hall, R.A.
194
Hamengkubuwono IX, Sultan
298
Hang Liwu 杭立武
110
125
130
449
Hao Deqing 郝德青
416
473
Harbin (Charbin)
62
64
65
66
194
339
Hart, George H.C.
48
49
Hart, Robert
16
Hasselman, A.H.
193
Hatta, Mohammad
36
297
298; a
389
391
395
97
429
433
434
435
440
He Yingqin 何应钦
192
Heavenly Wind Lute Society (Tian Feng Qin She 天风琴社)
183
Helfrich, Conrad E.L.
153
374
375
Hemingway, Ernest
363
Heuvel, Nicolaas A. van den
130
173; a
111
113
120
121
176; a
370; i
114
16
177; departure of
123
24
129; a
95
100
103
104
123
466; a
188; a
124
25
139
467; photos of
138
139; a
106; a
127
128; teachi
117
18; wife of
112
123
Hirohito, Emperor (Japan)
41
153
Hiroshima
153
Hirschfeld, H.M.
389
History Today (film group)
364
Hitler, Adolf
33
Ho Chi Minh
431
Hoeppli, Reinhold
172
Hoeven, H. van der
334
Hoeven, Jan des Amorie van der
15
Hoeven, L. van der
64
65
66
194
Hoffmeister, A.
193
Holland-China Association
72
73
Hong Jun 洪钧
462
Hong Kong: and Britain, 5, 63, 384; Chinese Nationalist agents in, 440; Dutch consular missions in, 63, 337, 338, 340; and Dutch East Indies trade, 47, 168; postwar Dutch diplomats in, 333n181, 334; in World War II, 152, 174
Hoogland, Wittert van
307
Hoogstraten, J.E. van
50
Hoorn, Pieter van
11
12
461
How Yukong Moved the Mountains (film; Ivens)
368
Hsieh, William. See Xie Weilin
Hsiung Shih-I. See Xiong Shiyi
Hu Jintao 胡锦涛
418
Hu Yunzhou 胡运洲
119
121
468
Huai River
90
91
105
6
109
Huan Xiang 宦乡
395
411
432
Huang Hua 黄华
414
Huang Renlin 黄仁霖
365
66
Huang Zheng 黄正 (Ouang Tcheng; Tianmai 天迈)
75
79
Huangpu Conservancy Board
463
Huangpu River
462
Hull, Cordell
221
human rights, universal
422
455
hydraulic engineering
26
27
73
83
131
448
449
464
67; a
39
88
89
92
97
362
477; i
83
85; a
84
88
89
90
462
464
465; i
84
85
98
99
127
362
415
463
465. See also Bourdrez
Fra
Nicolaas A. va
Hydraulic Engineering Bureau (NEC)
90
114
119
Hydraulic Laboratory, Delft
100
101
103
127
128
464
hydraulic models
105
7
138
139
Hydraulic Research Institute, Central (Zhongyang Shuigong Shiyansuo 中央水工试验所)
27
93
107
123
127
465
466
467; i
107
114
116
18; co
101
4; desig
102
3; proposals for
93
101; provisio
104
7
138
139
Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing (Nanjing Shuili Kexue Yuanjiuyuan 南京水利科学研究院)
97
131
immigration: to Dutch East Indies, 45, 223, 229, 230, 466; and extraterritoriality, 244–46, 247, 248; Japanese, 230; to Netherlands, 7; quotas on, 229, 244–46, 300n17. See also overseas Chinese; Peranakans; Totoks
imperialism, Western
5
457
58; a
274
75; a
217
218
220
21
222
225
26; cultural
405
6; Dutch
3
20
22
62
443
444
448; a
215
22; a
41
43
44
80
217; legal
216; a
404
6
407
409; a
21
22
23
217; a
216
276
77
455. See also colo
Dutch; decolo
India
191
222
434
304; diplomatic missio
331
434; a
409
410
152
Indies Social Democratic Association (Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging)
359
Indochina, French
149
151
304
414
Indonesia: Chinese (GMD) consulates in, 349–54; Chinese (PRC) consulates in, 435–36; Chinese (PRC) diplomatic missions in, 434; and Chinese Nationalist government, 312, 317, 351, 354, 355, 389, 432, 434n360, 435, 443–46, 452; citizenship in, 261, 319; Dutch colonialism in, 2, 21, 23–25, 355, 447, 461; Dutch negotiations with, 297–98; Dutch union with, 298, 388–89, 429, 439, 444, 472, 473; and Dutch-Chinese relations, 299, 300–301, 320, 355, 443–44, 446, 450, 459; independence of, 25, 297, 312, 319, 368; and PRC, 25, 396, 432, 434–37, 440, 444; recognition of, 315n95, 348n252, 354, 390, 391, 394, 395, 397, 429–31, 432–33, 473; and recognition of PRC, 354–56, 387, 388–98, 401, 425, 427, 429–37, 439, 443, 444, 473; transfer of sovereignty to, 344, 389, 391, 472; United States of, 297–99, 388, 394, 396, 397, 401, 472. See also East Indies, Dutch; overseas Chinese
Indonesia Calling (film)
368
Indonesian independence movement
25
36
309
19; a
288
309
17
470; a
27
310
19
351
355
56
389
Indonesian independence movement (cont.)
444; Dutch military action against, 297, 314–15, 317, 318, 329, 351, 355, 376, 443, 452, 471; and Ivens, 368; and Sneevliet, 359; and UNSC, 298, 312, 313, 315, 316, 317–18, 329, 355; and US, 317, 351, 394
Internationaal Handelsconsortium (N.V. Maatschappij voor Internationalen Handel)
57
73
International Civil Aviation Organization (UN)
304
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
76
342
470
471
International Justice, Permanent Court of (World Court)
74
75
76
197
342
464
465
467
international law: and 1945 treaty, 258, 260–61; on diplomatic recognition, 268–69, 398–400, 403–4, 425–27, 429, 446; and extraterritoriality, 25, 215, 222; on “odious debts,” 264–65; principles in, 258–59, 260; and rise of PRC, 453–55; on state succession and international treaties, 262–74; and unequal treaties, 221–22, 264–65
International Peace Campaign
155
interpersonal connections, Dutch-Chinese
interpreter service
50
51
Iran
162
331
Iraq
427
Israel
388
Israel, B.J.
65
66
Italy: assets in China of, 424; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 217n13; Chinese relations with, 40n24, 68n142, 162n65, 219n24; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 56, 56n90, 331n166, 332n173; Dutch relations with, 21, 51; and extraterritoriality, 217n11, 251n174; and Wang Jingwei regime, 281; in World War II, 149
Ivens, Joris
358
361
68
376
77
449
467
Jakarta. See Batavia
Japan: attacks on Shanghai by, 34, 40, 44, 104, 108, 465, 467; bombing of Chongqing by, 115–16, 148, 149, 177–78, 468; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 87, 88, 217, 217n13; boycotts of, 155, 212, 214; CCP threat to, 371, 372, 373; and Chinese consulates, 79n189, 210; and Chinese name for Holland, 164; Chinese relations with, 8, 33, 46, 68n142, 81, 162n65, 221; consular missions of, 63, 209; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 56n90, 157, 217; Dutch East Indies relations with, 9n20, 33n1, 49, 81, 149–51, 157, 212, 230, 232, 464, 468; Dutch relations with, 21, 39–40, 49, 51, 156–57, 182, 340; and extraterritoriality, 61, 216, 217n11, 220n28; in Four-Power Treaty, 150n8; German relations with, 34, 150, 468; and Indonesia, 309; internment of Dutch citizens by, 123, 172–73, 193, 324, 336, 468; invasion of China by, 39, 212, 361, 363, 406; invasion of Manchuria by, 33, 34, 48, 71, 81, 147, 220, 465; occupation of Dutch East Indies by, 4, 7, 40, 152, 160–61, 189, 207, 208, 213, 214, 452, 459, 469; Pearl Harbor attack by, 147, 151, 158; prewar sanctions on, 150–51; in Sino-Japanese War, 33, 457n23; surrender of, 153, 186, 192, 207; and trade, 49, 81; in Tripartite Pact, 150, 468; and Western concessions in China, 220–21, 222. See also War of Resistance against Japan
Java
47
119
297
311
376. See also Batavia
Java-China-Japan Line shipping company (Royal Interocean Lines)
46
47
59
302
321
326
338
339
Jesuits
11
Ji Tifan 季惕凡 (Chi Ti-fan)
208
209
Jialing River
116
Jiang Jiadong 蒋家栋 (Chia-Tung Chiang)
Jiang Jieshi 蒋介石 (Chiang Kai-shek)
90
352; i
186
468; i
294
296; a
124
126; Dutch relatio
37
42
54
55
67
175
181
189
192
201
327
403
469; a
241
312
313; a
366; i
34
35; a
221; photos of
282
283; purge of commu
361; i
472; i
360; a
188; Wester
408; i
147
48
158
159
160
Jiang Tingfu 蒋廷黻 (T.F. Tsiang)
316
Jin Wensi 金问泗 (Wunsz King): and 1945 treaty, 206, 260, 483, 487, 490, 491, 492, 493; as ambassador, 162–63, 204, 205, 482; and Dutch recognition of PRC, 348n252; and Dutch West Indies, 210; and Dutch-Chinese cultural relations, 72–73, 74, 81; and Dutch-Chinese relations, 42, 449; and extraterritoriality negotiations, 214, 235n91, 237–50; and League of Nations, 71, 72, 74, 75; in London, 203, 468, 469, 476; in Netherlands, 69–75, 464, 468, 469, 476, 482; photos of, 136; and Taiwan, 441n383; in World War II, 157–58, 196–208, 468
Jinsha (Yangtze) River
119
20
Joerg, O.
193
Johnson, Nelson T.
60
joint communiqué, Dutch-Chinese (1972)
458
460
Joint Military Council, Allied
160
188
189
Josselin de Jong, T.H.J. de
54
58
61
170
Judge Dee detective series (Van Gulik)
181
82
Juggernaut over Holland (Van Kleffens)
202
Juliana, Crown Princess and Queen (Netherlands)
298
329
333
344
416
471; a
142
163
469
Kah Tschou Kwang. See Ge Zukuang
Kampen, Jan van
11
461
Kant, P.J. de
64
Kasteel, P.
211
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
464
465
Ketelaar-van Gogh, M.
199
Keyser, Louis de
11
461
Keyzer, Jacob de
11
461
King, Wunsz. See Jin Wensi
Klaaszes, J.
395
Kleffens, Eelco N. van
207
325
448; a
260; a
210
212; a
162
181
202
204
205
6; a
167; a
235
236
51; i
158
169
171
72
200
Klementaski, L.P.
194
Knobel, F. M.
16
18
462
Kobayashi Ichizō
150
157
Kok, A.
172
321
Kok, Wim
417
Kong Xiangxi 孔祥熙 (H.H. Kung)
49
90
175
190
201; a
124
126; a
102
107
Koo, Wellington. See Gu Weijun
Korea
331
414
Korean War
294
337
406
413
438
441
473
Kovalev, Ivan
408
Koxinga. See Zheng Chenggong
Krull, Germaine
361
Kung, H.H. See Kong Xiangxi
Kunming
193
94
195
214
337
469
Kuo, T.C. See Guo Zeji
La condition humaine (Malraux)
365
Lady Precious Stream (play; Wang Baochuan)
74
466
Lampson, Miles W.
34
135
Latest Phase of the Sino-Japanese Crisis, The (Zhong-Ri weiji zhi zuijin jinzhan qingxing 中日危机之最近进展情形; Chinese legation bulletins)
198
League of Nations
293
463; Chi
67
196
97; a
110
111
113
122
137; a
81
154; Dutch represe
171; a
91
98
106
108
126
27
465; a
33
40
71
197
466; a
90
92; o
263
34
464; a
76; a
71
72
74
75
Lee, Daniel J. See Li Qingen
Lee Chen Hsiung. See Li Zhenxiong
Leeghwater, Jan
84
Leer, Bernard van
305
Legation Quarter (Beijing)
135
217; a
252
253
54
256
271; a
53
225; Boxer siege of
16
85
86
463; a
391
392; a
369; a
55
56; Dutch embassy (legatio
16
17
56
86
135
170
72
271
321
333
36
335
336
381
392
393
424; a
Legation Quarter (Beijing) (cont.)
recognition of PRC, 402, 424; Dutch-Chinese treaties on, 224; foreign diplomatic corps in, 16, 53, 80, 131, 452, 454; Japanese occupation of, 172, 369; PRC requisition of, 267, 391–93, 394, 472; and recognition of PRC, 396–97
legations. See diplomatic missions
Leibniz, G.W.
13
Leiden University
126
421; a
96
97
125
131
268
478
Lely, Cornelis
463
Lenin, Vladimir I.
359
Lennep, Willem van (Liu Yuantao 刘源桃)
Lent, B.H.F. van
305
Li Bing 李冰
116
Li Dazhao 李大钊
359
Li Dijun 李廸俊
313
470
Li Fengbao 李凤苞
17
462
Li Hongzao 李鸿藻
18
Li Hongzhang 李鸿章
18
20
84
85
463
Li Jinglu 李景潞
305
Li Keqiang 李克强
420
Li Peng 李鹏
417
Li Qingen 李芹根 (Daniel J. Lee)
288
315
319
353
Li Xie 李协
93
Li Zhenxiong (Lee Chen Hsiung)
351
352
Li Zongren 李宗仁
285
Liang Long 梁龙 (Lone Liang)
198
Lidt de Jeude, O.C.A. van
199
Liebenschütz, P.V.C.E.
338
339
Lin, Andrew S.F. See Ling Shifen
Lin Boqu 林伯渠
367
Lin Langpei 林朗培 (Longby Ling)
79
Lin Pao Heng
77
Lin Sen 林森
59
60
158
160
163
178
206
121; photo of
142; a
181
Lin Tingcheng 林廷澄 (Ting Ch’eng Lin)
78
79
208
209
Lin Tingfeng
208
Ling Chuxun 凌楚珣 (Chu-Hsun Ling)
206
341
343
345
349
286
Ling Longby. See Lin Langpei
Ling Qihan 凌其翰
179
347
Ling Shifen 凌士芬 (Andrew S.F. Lin)
Linggadjati Accord (1946)
297
301
470
Liu Haisu 刘海粟
73
Liu Jingren 刘镜人
463
Liu Mingzhao 刘明钊
93
Liu Naifan 刘乃蕃
141
Liu Shaoqi 刘少奇
407
8
409
432
33
Liu Tianyi 刘天一 (Tien-I Lu)
353
Liu Yuantao 刘源桃 (Willem van Lennep)
Lloyd, L.M.S.
66
Lo Wen-kan. See Luo Wengan
London: Chinese legation in, 201–7; vs. Chongqing, 213; Dutch government in exile in, 149, 151, 158, 169, 171–72, 200, 235, 238, 427, 468, 470, 476
Long March (1934–36)
34
Long Yun 龙云
121
Longhai Railway
45
47
Lou Tseng-Tsiang. See Lu Zhengxiang
Loudon, Alexander
167
Lout siun. See Lu Jun
Lovink, Antonius H.J.
50
163
214
448
475
482; a
251
275; a
374
75; a
205; i
180
81
184
185
192
322
469; a
167
298
309; a
357; a
240
241
246
247
248
49; a
318; a
324; photos of
142
144; i
53
322
325
326
337
Lü Haihuan 吕海寰
463
Lu Jun 路浚 (Lout siun)
77
Lu Tien-I. See Liu Tianyi
Lu Zhengxiang 陆征祥 (Lou Tseng-Tsiang)
18
19
67
463
Lubbers, Ruud
417
Luns, Joseph
414
423
Luo Jialun 罗家伦
318
Luo Wengan 罗文干 (Lo Wen-kan)
67
130
477
480
Luxembourg
3
251
293
Ma Chaojun 马超俊
95
Ma Heng 马恒
183
Macao
47
63
340
461
MacDonald, J.J.
161
MacMurray, John V.
135
Madura
297
Mahdi, Izak
473
Maisky, Ivan
122
Makassar (Celebes): Chinese consular missions in, 78, 79, 209, 350, 353, 435n368
Malraux, André
365
Manchuria (Manzhouguo, Manchukuo)
40
48
153
295; Japa
33
34
71
81
147
220
465
Manchurian (Mukden) Incident (1931). See September 18th Incident
Mao Yisheng 茅以升
95
114
Mao Zedong 毛泽东 (Mao Tse-tung)
34
357
411
470; a
369
371
376
469; a
294; a
441; a
367; a
405
406
407
8
409; a
378
404
432
33
494; a
359; a
394
431
Marchant et d’Ansembourg, F.R.W.H.M.J. de
179
Marco Polo Bridge Incident (1937)
147
197
98
467
Mare Liberum (Grotius)
12
Marel, D. de
135
Maring. See Sneevliet, H.J.F.M.
Marshall, George C.
294
95
470
Marshall mission
294
95
Marshall Plan (European Recovery Program)
294
298
299
317
424
Marx-Lenin-Luxembourg Front
361
Masseur, A.A.J.B.
66
Maux, Henri
120
21
May 4th Movement (1919)
4
5
22
52
Medan (Sumatra)
375; Chi
75
77
78
79
208
209
288
315
16
350
353
435
Melchers, C.A.
254
338
339
Menon, Kumar P.S.
327
Mexico
68
162
217
218
251
Meyrier, Jacques
285
Michiels van Verduynen, Edgar F.M.J.
205
6
250
483
487
490
492
493
Middelburg, Duco G.E.
194
337
338; photos of
282
284
Midway, Battle of
153
Mikoyan, Anastas
407
military, Dutch: and 1945 treaty, 252, 255; attaché in China of, 160–61, 188–92, 328, 336; in Dutch East Indies, 297, 314–15, 317, 318, 329, 351, 355, 376, 443, 452, 471; and gunboat diplomacy, 43–44, 80, 217; warships of, 40–44, 86, 224, 255, 464, 465, 467
Military Control Commission (PRC)
391
393
military relations, Dutch-Chinese: and Boxer Uprising, 86; in prewar period, 40–45; in World War II, 158–59, 187–92, 197, 213, 469
Ming dynasty (China)
11
461
missionaries, Western
11
14
28
173
256
335
Modderman, Tonco
13
Molotov, Vyacheslav
207
Mongolia
153
Mook, Hubertus van
167
242
309
310
313
374
Morhaus, J.M.
194
most-favored-nation clause
37
38
215
224; a
253
255
56
272; a
222
227
28
229
235
239
40
242
44
247
Mukden Incident. See September 18th Incident
Mulder, G.
321
322
326
335
Münster Peace (1648)
2
Münzenberg, Willi
363
Nagasaki
153
Nanjing (Nanking): Bos in, 56, 58, 61, 107, 171; Bourdrez in, 109–14; CCP occupation of, 296, 307, 381; Chinese Nationalist government in, 33–131, 281, 295, 300, 320, 378–79, 467; Dutch diplomatic missions in, 56, 58, 61, 107, 109, 111, 170, 171, 173–74, 281, 285, 307, 320–34, 337, 357, 378–83, 387, 475; Dutch property in, 56, 111, 173, 327–28, 424; evacuation of, 114, 378–79, 380, 383, 467; foreign diplomatic missions in, 55–56, 114, 157, 382; Japanese attacks on, 35, 104, 106–7, 113–14, 173, 467; and postwar Dutch consulates, 340; postwar Dutch embassy
Nanjing (Nanking) (cont.)
at, 325–33, 334; prewar Dutch legation office at, 56, 173; Wang Jingwei regime in, 156–57, 212, 220. See also Hydraulic Research Institute, Central
Nanjing, Treaty of (1842)
5
13
215
462
Nanjing Decade (1927–37)
34
50
Nanjing government. See Nationalist government of China
National Economic Council (NEC; Quanguo Jingji Weiyuanhui 全国经济委员会)
89
92
465
466; a
126; a
91
92
95
98
100
102
113
124; Hydraulic E
90
114
119; a
95
98
100
101
102
106; a
90
92
National Labor Secretariat (Nationaal Arbeids-Secretariaat; NAS)
360
61
nationalism
456; Chi
5
6
22
23
218
231; I
297. See also I
Nationalist government of China: and 1945 treaty, 237–49, 257, 260–61, 275; and Britain, 34, 154, 198, 332; and Brondgeest, 369–70, 372–73, 377; and Chinese economy, 74, 81, 89, 302; in Chongqing, 148, 155, 295, 296, 383, 467, 472; and decolonization, 27, 166, 319, 355, 444; and Dutch East Indies, 40, 44–45, 231–35, 300–301, 308, 310–19; Dutch military relations with, 40–45, 158–59, 187–92, 197, 213, 469; Dutch relations with, 36–50, 53, 54, 63, 153–69, 299–319, 330–31, 345–46, 403; Dutch withdrawal of recognition from, 320, 398, 410, 441, 443, 446, 473; and Dutch-Chinese Air Transport Agreement, 303–8; and extraterritoriality, 40, 43, 218–22, 223, 227–28, 237, 239–40, 249, 251, 263, 464; foreign relations of, 55, 67, 80, 219–20; founding of (1927), 6; and France, 38, 69, 332, 472; and Germany, 154, 156, 157, 201–2, 212; in Guangzhou, 345, 346; and Indonesia, 310–19, 351, 354, 355, 389, 432, 434n360, 435, 443–46, 452; intelligence operations of, 182, 188, 191, 376; and Japan, 40, 221; and Legation Quarter, 55–56; and mutiny of diplomats in France, 346–47; in Nanjing, 33–131, 281, 295, 300, 320, 378–79, 467; and overseas Chinese, 23, 25, 27, 40, 45, 67, 80, 131, 166, 167, 169, 210, 214, 223, 230, 231, 234, 235, 244, 261, 301, 309–19, 350, 432, 445, 447; in postwar period, 153, 299–301, 330–31, 333, 345–46; and PRC, 266, 393n156, 405, 408; and preexisting treaties, 262–63, 265, 266, 267, 270, 393n156; in prewar period, 34–35, 36, 37, 44; recognition of, 34, 37, 42, 53, 80, 464; and recognition of PRC, 378, 389, 403, 408, 426, 496–99; in Taiwan, 27, 188, 268, 270, 294, 296, 302, 320, 348, 354–56, 400, 472; in UN, 415; and UNSC, 293, 447, 451; and US, 34, 69, 283, 384, 415, 435; withdrawal of recognition from, 27, 320, 348, 355, 383, 387, 398, 410, 411, 434, 441, 443, 446, 473; in World War II, 148, 151–52, 154, 195, 276. See also consular missions, Chinese; diplomatic missions, Chinese
Nationalist Party (Guomindang; GMD): anti-Dutch propaganda of, 241, 248; and CCP, 34, 148, 294–96, 360, 361, 464, 470; and Chinese ambassador, 205; and Indonesian independence movement, 309–19, 351, 355; and Ivens, 363–67; and overseas Chinese, 157, 231; and PRC, 266, 407; and Sneevliet, 359–60; in United Fronts, 34, 148, 359–60, 361, 363–65, 369, 464, 467; US popular support for, 384
NEC. See National Economic Council
Needham, Joseph
183
Netherlands: assets in China of, 16, 17, 56, 86, 111, 173, 184, 190, 327–28, 424; vs. China, 1; Chinese assets in, 341, 411, 413; Chinese immigrants in, 7; Chinese name for (Helan), 164–65, 469; Chinese students in, 96; diplomatic history of, 2–4; Eighty Years’ War in, 2, 457; and EU, 454, 455; foreign policy of, 3–4, 39, 81, 149, 225, 299, 357, 425–26, 437–42, 449–50; German occupation of, 7, 171, 199–200, 208, 213, 214, 275–76, 452, 457, 468; government in exile of, 149, 151, 158, 169, 171–72, 200, 235, 427, 468, 470, 476; Great Depression in, 35–36; hydraulic engineering in, 83–84; liberation of, 153, 469; Nazi bombing of, 199–200; postwar reconstruction of, 296; as small power, 3, 52, 443, 445, 446, 450–52, 455, 457; unofficial Taiwan representative in, 473; welding incident in, 415, 473
Netherlands, Republic of the United (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden)
2
Netherlands Trading Society
302
Netherlands-Indonesian Union
298
388
89
444
472
473; a
429
37
439
neutralist policy, Dutch
3
4
22; a
225
26; a
192
93; a
23
81
357
446
459; a
39
40; a
377
425
428
439; a
4
149
154
57
200
212
213
299
447
450
New Guinea (West Irian)
298
New Life Movement
365
371
New Zealand
232
Nie Rongzhen 聂荣臻
369
Nieuwe Gronden (New Earth; film)
362
Nijhoff, G.P.
91
106
137
Nine-Power Treaty (1922)
40
81
154
197
464
1945 treaty. See extraterritoriality, Dutch-Chinese 1945 treaty on
Ningbo (Ningpo)
215
Nixon, Richard
442
Nobel, Konstantijn
11
461
Norikov, K.V.
430
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
293
94
299
320
332
431
472; a
379
80
383
437
438
39
440; a
379
381
383
386
388
424
438
39
440
Northern Expedition
34
35
41
Norway: Chinese relations with, 68n142, 162n65, 204n310, 219n20, 219n24; diplomatic missions of, 52n73, 56n90, 200; and extraterritoriality, 217n11, 251n174; and PRC, 388, 410n243, 411, 414
Omodeo, A.
91
“One-China” principle
24
416
421
422
442
443
“open-door” policies
22
Operation 101 (Chongqing)
140
177
468
Opium Wars (1840–42; 1856–60)
5
14
215
462
Orient Star Line
307
308
355
471
472
Oswald, J.C.
64
Ott de Vries, P.J.
85
Ouang Tcheng. See Huang Zheng
Oudendijk, Willem J. (Oudendyk)
16
59
63
465
475; a
39
88
89
463
464; career of
52
54
55; a
41
44; a
81
131; a
227
28
234
35; photo of
135; a
37
38; o
69
Ouyang Qi 欧阳祺 (Kee Ow-Yang)
77
overseas Chinese
21
23
25
28; a
166
236
37
244
48
257
258
260
275; aid to Chi
214; a
76
80
210
350; a
23
25
27
40
45
67
80
131
166
167
169
210
214
223
230
231
234
235
244
261
301
309
19
350
432
445
447; citize
211
223
229
35
310
319; a
257
61; a
27
356
459; discrimi
223
230
236
37
243
44
248
300
229
230
31
233
234; with Dutch citize
211
223; a
415
131
167
169
210
301
350
355
356
443
44
447
459; a
236
37
242
43
248; as “foreig
” 230
233
236; i
198; political activism of
205
231
32; i
301
350
355; a
388
390
395
397
432; i
76
231
261; viole
309
310
13
470; i
155
156; a
73
74
75. See also I
Ow-Yang Kee. See Ouyang Qi
Padang (Sumatra)
77
Paets, Vincent
11
461
Pakistan
304
Palar, L.N.
435
Palembang (Sumatra): anti-Chinese violence in, 313–14, 317, 471; Chinese consular missions in, 78, 79, 208–10, 350, 353
Pan Dimin 盘迪民
305
Panama
68
panda bears
420
Pangkalpinang (Bangka)
351
353
Paramaribo (Suriname): Chinese consular missions in, 211–12, 352, 353, 354, 469
Paris Peace Conference (1946)
343
344
470
Paris Peace Treaties (1947)
293
Parmentier, Koene D.
307
Patijn, J.A.N.
122
Payne, Robert
117
18
Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on (1941)
147
151
158
Pei Jianzhang 裴坚章
268
Peng Liyuan 彭丽媛
420
People’s Daily (Renmin ribao; newspaper)
290
People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
60
369
70; a
307; a
371; i
295
96; positive views of
378
381
People’s Republic of China (PRC): and 1945 treaty, 267, 270–71, 392–93; and Beijing Legation Quarter, 267, 391–93, 394, 472; British relations with, 169, 269, 385–86, 406, 410n243, 411–14, 446; and Chinese diplomats in France, 346–47; and citizenship, 261, 300n17, 319, 473; consular missions of, 388, 435–36; and Denmark, 388, 410n243, 441; diplomatic missions of, 268, 349, 407–16, 473; Dutch consular missions in, 324, 340, 381–82, 419; Dutch diplomatic missions in, 381–88, 393–95, 413–23, 440, 442, 448; Dutch economic relations with, 97, 301n24, 402, 417, 419–20, 428, 459; and EU, 453–54; foreign assets in, 267, 391–93, 394, 408, 411, 413, 424, 442, 472; foreign diplomatic missions to, 377–88, 413–23, 440–41, 442, 448; foreign policies of, 265–66, 404–6, 449; founding of (1949), 4, 5, 6, 294, 385, 472; and France, 269, 379, 380, 385, 386, 401, 460; and Geneva Conference, 413, 414n260; and imperialism, 404–6, 407, 409; and Indonesia, 25, 319, 348n252, 390, 395, 396, 397, 432–35, 437, 440, 444; and Norway, 388, 410n243, 411, 414; and overseas Chinese, 388, 390, 395n174, 397, 432; US relations with, 380–81, 383–84, 383n106, 401, 406, 408, 409, 415, 426, 446. See also Common Program
People’s Republic of China, Dutch recognition of
9
24
27
320
340
348
357
442; a
421; de jure
377
399
400
403; a
395
397; a
354
356
387
388
98
401
425
427
429
37
439
443
444
473; a
268
69
398
400
403
4
425
27
429
446; i
425
37;
336
348
377
98
449; a
377
425
428
439;
494
500; objectio
400
401
402; a
262
74; ratio
399
403; results of
409
13
423
25
447
458
460; as small
state behavior
425
28
450
51
People’s Republic of China, international recognition of
6; by Belgium
332
379
385; by Britai
379
381
383
89
392
400
402
409
410
426
428
438
439; a
347
48
378
389
403
408
426
496
99; a
402
3
438; a
389
424
426
438
446; a
379
381
383
386
388
424
438
39
440; a
262
74; a
385
86
401
4
428
438
439; a
378
81
383
84
386
387
389
390
401
409
415
426
436
438
439
442
Peranakans (descendants of Chinese immigrants)
211
230
31
233
234
310
432; a
257
258
260; viole
309
311
315. See also overseas Chi
Perrier, L.
90
108
Peru
52
68
162
217
218
Philippines
152
304
331
Philips (firm)
47
58
73
Philipse, W.J.D.
338
Plesman, Albert
198
306
Poland
52
56
68
147
162
204
219
Pontianak (Borneo): Chinese consular missions in, 211, 212, 351, 353, 470
Portugal: and Boxer indemnity, 86n8, 130n239; Chinese relations with, 11, 52n73, 56n90, 68n142, 219n24, 251n174, 331n166, 332n173; colonies of, 63, 172; Dutch relations with, 304, 340; and extraterritoriality, 217n11, 251n174
PRC. See People’s Republic of China
Qian Tai 钱泰
198
Qian Xun 钱恂
19
463
Qianlong Emperor (Qing China)
13
Qiao Guanhua 乔冠华
290
412
415
Qin Fen 秦汾
90
94
107
124; a
120
125
Qing, Prince 庆亲王
233
Qing dynasty
4
5
461
62; a
5
85
87; a
84
85; Dutch relatio
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
80
223
24
457
58; Dutch reside
238; a
5
14
215
16
223
24; foreig
67
76; foreig
238;
233
261; Opium Wars i
5
14
215
462; a
23
76
231
261; a
262
63; a
5
14
23
43
85
86
Quist, M.J.
43
Quo Tai-chi. See Guo Taiqi
Rainer, Luise
364
Ramel, Henrik
329
recognition, diplomatic: of Chinese Nationalist government, 34, 37, 42, 53, 80, 464; de facto vs. de jure, 377n75, 399; of Indonesia, 315n95, 348n252, 354, 390, 391, 394, 395, 397, 429–34, 472, 473; of Indonesia by PRC, 348n252, 390, 395, 397, 433–34, 436, 472; international law on, 268–69, 398–400, 403–4, 425–27, 429, 446; PRC view of, 403–9; and preexisting obligations, 165, 254–74, 393n156, 399–400, 405; of USSR, 162, 218, 427; withdrawal from Chinese Nationalists of, 27, 299, 320, 348, 355, 383, 387, 398, 410, 411, 434, 441, 443, 446, 473. See also People’s Republic of China, Dutch recognition of; People’s Republic of China, international recognition of
Red Star over China (Snow)
365
Regen (Rain; film)
362
Renville Agreement (1948)
316
352
Revolutionary Socialist Party (Revolutionair Socialistische Partij; Revolutionary Socialist Workers’ Party; Revolutionair Socialistische Arbeiderspartij; RSAP)
361
Riemens, H.
66
Rijke, Hendrik de
20
Rijke, Johannis de
19
20
84
94
462
463
Roijen, J. Herman van
251
320
399
Romein, J.M.F.
108
Roo van Alderwerelt, D. de
329
331
334
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
158
293
Rotterdam
127
139
149
199
200
349
50
468
Round Table Conference, Dutch-Indonesian (1949)
298
388
394
439
Royal Dutch Airlines (KLM)
35
198
305
306
7
308
Royal Dutch Shell (Asiatic Petroleum Company)
19
46
47
109
302
325
Russia
21
232
17
86
87
217; Chi
14
46
217; Revolutio
218. See also Soviet U
Russian Federation
264
Rutte, Mark
418
419
Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de
363
Saint-Germain, Treaty of (1919)
218
Scheltema, Hugo
305
322
323
326
Schermbeek, P.G. van
84
462
Schermerhorn, Willem
126
128
467
Schoemaker, Harold Jan
128
129
Schol, N.
305
Schotman, J.W.
19
Schuiling, Hanneke
421
Schuurman, T. Elink
65
seamen incidents (1942)
167
68
202
210
211
213
seamen strikes (1922)
360
Semarang (Java)
310; Chi
77
78
79
Semmelink, H.R.
306
Senn van Basel, M.J.
13
September 18th Incident (1931)
9
33
34
39
40
228
466
Seymour, Horace
373
Shanghai: and 1945 treaty, 252, 253–54; antiforeign demonstrations in, 382; Battle of (1937), 148; CCP occupation of, 296, 472; and civil aviation agreements, 304, 305, 306, 307; diplomatic missions in, 55–56, 56n90; Dutch citizens in, 157, 193, 195; Dutch consular missions in, 61–66, 193, 194, 336–39, 462; Dutch diplomatic missions in, 321, 322, 326, 330; Dutch engineers in, 84, 108–9; Dutch property in, 424; Dutch warships in, 41, 42; founding of CCP in, 359; International Settlement in, 38, 108, 218–19, 226, 252, 253–54; Japanese attacks on, 34, 40, 44, 104, 108, 148, 465, 467; vs. Nanjing, 113; special courts in, 216, 224, 490; as treaty port, 215n3
Shanghai Incident (1932)
34
40
44
108
465
Shantou (Swatow)
14
225; Dutch co
1
62
66
194
337
338
339
462
She Zaobeh. See Shi Chaobai
Shen Ruilin 沈瑞麟
89
Shen Tso-ling
78
Shen Yi 沈怡
93
Shenyang (Mukden)
382
Shi Chaobai 石潮白 (She Zaobeh)
210
11
352
Shi Ying 石瑛
95
Shi Zhaoji 施肇基 (Alfred Sao-ke Sze)
67
Shui Shifang 水世芳 (Frances van Gulik)
Shuijing (Book of waterways)
83
Shun (legendary ruler)
83
Si Songxi 斯颂熙 (Sung-Hsi Szu)
286
342
43
345
347
349
Sieveking, W.
90
Singapore
76
150
151
152
158
Sino-Japanese War, First (1894–95)
225
Sino-Japanese War, Second (1931–45). See War of Resistance against Japan
Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship (1950)
440
Sjahrir, Sutan
312
Slauerhoff, Jan Jacob
19
Sleesen, Maria van der
282
Sneevliet, H.J.F.M. (Maring, Malin)
358
61
376
464
Snoeck Henkemans, J.R.
136
Snow, Edgar
365
Snyers, T.
65
66
Society for the Promotion of Dutch Engineering Works
84
Soegiri, Raden Mas I.S.
339
Soeirianata Djoemena, Raden Moesa
Song Faxiang 宋发祥 (Far-san T. Sung)
78
79
Song Meiling 宋美龄 (Soong May-ling; Madame Chiang Kai-shek): and Ivens, 364, 365, 366; and Queen Wilhelmina, 142, 163, 164n77, 213, 469
Song of Heroes (film)
362
Song Qingling 宋庆龄 (Madame Sun Yat-sen): and Dutch diplomats, 185, 358; and Ivens, 364–65, 467
Song Ziwen 宋子文 (T.V. Soong)
49
90
159
196
206
241; a
95
110
124
Soong May-ling. See Song Meiling
South Africa
304
South East Asia Command (SEAC)
191
471
Soviet Union (USSR): in Big Five coalition, 293, 451, 470; in Big Four coalition, 8, 153, 213, 321, 328, 445; and Brondgeest, 376; Chiang Kai-shek in, 360; Chinese consular missions in, 79n189, 352; Chinese diplomatic missions to, 68; and Chinese Nationalist government, 40n24, 69, 72, 148, 154, 198, 360; and Cold War, 293; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 55, 321, 331; Dutch relations with, 51, 162; and Geneva Conference, 414n260; and Great Depression, 33; and Indonesia, 354, 398, 429–31, 433, 435n363, 436, 472, 473; and Ivens, 362–63; and Nazi Germany, 201, 427; and PRC, 294, 321, 331, 378, 404, 406, 407, 415; and preexisting treaties, 264; recognition of, 162, 218, 427, 437; recognition of Indonesia by, 348n252, 390, 394, 472; and recognition of PRC, 378, 384, 401, 423, 438, 439; and Sneevliet, 359; in UNSC, 293
Spain: assets in China of, 424; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 130n239, 217n13; Chinese relations with, 11, 52n73, 56n90, 68n142, 219n24, 225; civil war in, 363; Dutch Eighty Years’ War with, 457, 461; and Dutch recognition of PRC, 427; and extraterritoriality, 217n11; and Netherlands, 2, 457, 461; and Taiwan, 422n308, 461
Spanish Earth, The (film)
363
Spanjaard, H.J.
305
special courts (International Settlements)
216
224
252
490. See also co
Spoor, S.H.
288
Sri Lanka (Ceylon)
388
Stadtman, K.J.
331
333
334
Stalin, Joseph
33
153
407
8
409; a
376
394
431
Stark, L.
282
303
321
322
326
330
332
Steenstra Toussaint, A.J.D.
305
Stefenelli, F.
66
Stevin, Hendrik
84
Stichting ter Bevordering van de Culturele Betrekkingen tussen het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en China
96
Stikker, Dirk U.
494
497
98; a
332
384
85
387
88; a
384
387
88
390
91
394
397
399
400; a
390
91
397
430
433
436; i
320
442
449; a
399
403; o
426
29
437
39; so
417
Stilwell, Joseph
160
Stokhuyzen, W.A.F.
50
Stuart, J. Leighton
285
383
students, Chinese
96
100
125; Bourdrez Memorial Scholarship for
121
22; i
119
127
28
Su Ruizhao 苏锐钊 (Su Jui-chao)
77
Su Shangji 苏尚骥 (Shang-Chi Su)
211
212
352
353
submarine incident (1980; Taiwan and Netherlands)
416
17
421
473
Sukarno
36
297
312
317
434
439
Sulawesi (Celebes)
79
Sumatra
75
77
297; a
311
12
315
16
470; Bro
375
76
Sun, S.K.
77
Sun Fushi 孙辅世
95
Sun Ke 孙科 (Sun Fo)
198
467
Sun Yat-sen, Madame. See Song Qingling
Sun Zhongshan 孙中山 (Sun Yat-sen)
5
54
60
69
198
205
283
327
465; a
359
60
Sung, Far-san T. See Song Faxiang
Surabaya (Java)
41
44; Chi
77
78
79
208
208
209
350
353
Suriname
35
152
214
297; Chi
211
12
214
352
353
354
469; Dutch colo
461; a
395
397
441
Sweden
52
56
68
86
130
217
251
388
410
Swenson, L.S.
40
Swinderen, G.R.G. van
307
337
339
Switzerland: Chinese officials in, 200, 201, 468; Chinese relations with, 52n73, 56n90, 68n142, 200, 201; Dutch relations with, 172, 193, 200, 328n152, 336; and extraterritoriality, 217nn11–12, 251n174; and PRC, 388, 410n243, 411
Sze, Alfred Sao-ke Sze. See Shi Zhaoji
Szu Sung-Hsi. See Si Songxi
Tai Mingfoe. See Dai Mingfu
Taiwan (Formosa): British consular missions in, 440–41; Chinese Nationalist government in, 27, 188, 268, 270, 294, 296, 302, 320, 348, 354–56, 400, 472; Dutch colonization of, 11–12, 417, 461; Dutch consulate in, 340; Dutch submarines sold to, 416–17, 421, 473; Han settlers in, 12; and recognition of PRC, 377, 429, 440; severing of relations with, 27, 268, 348, 354–55, 398, 429, 440–43, 496–98; trade offices in, 421–23, 473, 474; and UN, 270, 412, 415, 435
Tan Boyu 谭伯羽
305
Tang Shixuan 唐士煊
59
Tang Zaifu 唐在复
463
Tao Xiaowan 陶孝完 (Tao Hsiao-Wan)
353
Tao Yue 陶樾
305
Tariff Relations, Dutch-Chinese Treaty for the Regulation of (1928)
36
38
80
225
269
301
452
464
465
tariffs, foreign control over
14
22
37
42
80
215
217
218
224
225
Taro, Gerda
363
Tellegen, B.D.H.
122
Temmen, Louis P. van
160
61
188
89
469
Terborgh, F.C. See Flaes, Reijnier
Thailand (Siam)
61
304
331
Thijsse, J.T.
94
Thio Thiam-tjong. See Zhang Tiancong
Thorbecke, Ellen (Ellen Catleen-Kolban)
57
Thorbecke, Willem J.R.
44
54
58
63
73
465
475; affair of
57
58; a
39
57
92
94
477
480; i
81
130
Three Gorges Dam
117
Three Principles of the People (San min zhuyi; Sun Yat-sen)
5
205
235
Tiananmen Square demonstrations (1989)
417
Tianjin (Tientsin)
14; Dutch co
62
64
65
66
193
194
337
338
339
462; foreig
218
226
Tianjin, Dutch Treaty of (1863)
15
462; a
165
255
56; post
269
272
273
301; provisio
22
43
62
224
25
226
234
300
Tianjin, Treaties of (1858)
14
216
17
256
462
Tianmai. See Huang Zheng
Ting, V.K. See Ding Wenjiang
Titsingh, Isaac
13
462
Tong, Hollington K. See Dong Xianguang
Tong, Lewis
77
Totoks (Singkehs; new Chinese immigrants)
230
31
234
309
311
432. See also overseas Chi
trade and commerce: and Chinese foreign policy, 67, 74, 81, 404, 406; Chinese-Dutch East Indies, 12, 22, 38, 47–50, 168–69, 229, 234, 302–3, 355, 471; and Dutch foreign policy, 3, 4, 11–12, 15, 20–21, 49, 401, 428; and extraterritoriality, 216–17, 222, 239; with Germany, 296; and Hong Kong, 47, 168; Japanese, 49, 81, 150, 151, 157; maritime, 2–3, 11–14, 84, 167–68; in postwar period, 296, 301, 302–3, 320, 321, 332, 338–39, 355, 356, 447; and PRC, 404, 406, 408, 413; in prewar period, 67, 73, 76; and tributary missions, 4–5; with US, 303
trade and commerce, Dutch-Chinese: and 1945 treaty, 228, 239, 242, 243–44, 247, 252–53, 255, 272, 299, 486, 491; and consular missions, 61–66, 76, 170, 232, 234, 338–39; and diplomatic missions, 60, 74; and Dutch-Chinese relations, 19–22, 45, 80–82, 129, 157, 169, 222, 255, 272, 301, 302–3, 321, 332, 356, 417, 419, 420, 423, 444–45, 446, 449, 457, 458–59; early (1840–1927), 2–5, 11–15, 43, 461–62; and East Indies, 14, 22, 47–50, 168–69, 234, 302–3, 355, 471; international consortium for, 57, 73; in porcelain, 12, 22; in postwar period, 129, 301, 302–3, 320, 321, 332, 338–39, 355, 356, 423, 447; in prewar period, 45, 47–50, 71–73, 82; and recognition of PRC, 381–82, 384, 385–86, 401–4, 428, 438, 439, 459; with Taiwan, 421–22; and Treaty of Tianjin, 15, 224–25; and World War II, 154, 168–69, 195, 213, 444; and Wunsz King, 72, 73
treaties and agreements, Dutch-Chinese bilateral: on abolition of extraterritoriality (1931), 38, 80, 228, 234, 238, 240, 465; on abolition of extraterritoriality (1945), 143, 165–66, 443, 445, 446, 448, 469, 483–93; Air Transport Agreement (1947), 284, 303–8, 346, 355, 471; Arbitration Agreement (1915), 269n252, 463; Boxer Indemnity Accord (1933), 57, 92–97, 119, 127–31, 225, 256–57, 268, 452, 465–66, 477–81; Consular Convention (1911), 19, 77, 232–35, 239, 242, 249, 257–61, 273, 463; post-1950, 271–72; present legal status of, 261–74; and succession, 165, 254–61, 393n156, 399–400, 405; Taiwan Peace Treaty (1662), 12; on Tariff Relations (1928), 36–38, 42, 53, 80, 218, 225, 269n252, 301, 452, 464, 465. See also Tianjin, Dutch Treaty of
treaties and agreements, multilateral: Anti-Comintern Pact (1936), 34; Atlantic Charter (1941), 151; of Brussels (1948), 293, 299, 379, 471; Congress of Vienna (1815), 3, 162, 217n15; Convention on International Civil Aviation (1944), 304; on court proceedings in international settlement (1930), 38n13, 219n20; Four-Power (1921), 150n8; Hague Citizen Convention (1930), 234; Hague Conventions (1907), 3n3, 19, 52; Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 464, 465; Nine-Power (1922), 40, 81, 154, 197, 464; Paris Peace (1947), 293; Saint-Germain (1919), 218; Tripartite Pact (1940), 150, 468; unequal, 5, 85–86, 129, 215–16, 263, 406, 455; Vienna Conventions, 258, 259n199, 262n216, 263, 264, 273. See also Boxer Protocol; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
treaties and agreements, other bilateral
217
251
215
215
16; o
304
305; o
209; Double Te
294; Dual Natio
300
473; o
166
222
238
43
245
254
275
276;of Frie
Commerce a
300
1946)
297
301
470; of Na
5
13
215
462; Re
1948)
316
352; o
38
218; Si
440; o
34
42
218; a
262
66
393
405; u
5
14
36
43
215
16
406
455; of Wa
215
215
Treaties of (1858)
treaty ports
5
6; a
222
228
239
252
490; Chi
218; co
14
53
61
66
81
82
170
214
338
462; a
42
43; a
21
224
228
443
444; extraterritoriality i
215; I
226; Japa
214; a
216
17
224
25
Tribe, K.W.
193
194
tributary system, Chinese
4
5
11
13
458
Tripartite Pact (Germany, Japan, Italy; 1940)
150
468
Truman, Harry S.
294
438
Tsao Yu-Chuan. See Cao Ruquan
Tsiang, T.F. See Jiang Tingfu
Tsinghua College (Qinghua Xuetang 清华学堂)
87
Tung, William. See Dong Lin
Turkey
68
162
304
331
427
“Two-Chinas” policy
415
Tze Hsi. See Cixi, Empress Dowager
UN Security Council (UNSC)
293; a
412; a
293
412
415
435
447
451; a
309
316
351
435
445; a
298
312
313
315
316
317
18
329
355. See also U
Unilever (firm)
46
47
302
United Front, First (GMD-CCP)
34
359
60
361
363
65
369
464
United Front, Second (GMD-CCP)
34
148
361
369
467
United Information Committee of the Anti-aggression Powers, 161
United Kingdom. See Britain
United Nations (UN): Chinese Nationalists in, 412, 415, 435, 444, 445, 447, 451; Civil Aviation Organization of, 304; Consular Commission of, 288, 351; first peacekeeping mission of, 351; founding of, 206, 293, 470; Human Rights Committee of, 417n282; India in, 434n360; and Indonesia, 288, 298n8, 312, 313, 315, 316, 317–18, 351, 352, 434, 435, 444, 471, 472; Indonesian membership in, 389, 390, 391, 430, 435, 437, 473; and international law, 258; and Korean War, 413; PRC membership in, 270, 394, 402, 408, 411, 412, 415, 424, 429, 441, 442, 473. See also UN Security Council
United States (US): in Big Five coalition, 293, 451, 470; in Big Four coalition, 8, 153, 213, 321, 328, 445; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 87, 88, 217n13; and Brondgeest’s report, 373; and CCP, 372; China Aid Act (1948), 392; Chinese consular missions in, 79n189, 352; Chinese diplomatic missions in, 68n142, 198; Chinese economic relations with, 46, 168–69; Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) in, 245; and Chinese Nationalist government, 34, 63, 68n142, 69, 79n189, 154, 166, 304, 352, 435; Chinese treaties with, 14, 37, 215n4, 219n20, 236, 238, 240–43, 245, 254, 256, 275, 276, 300;
United States (US) (cont.)
communism in, 363, 367, 384; consular missions of, 63, 172, 351, 354; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 56, 217, 321, 331n166, 383, 391; and Dutch East Indies, 151n13, 316, 351, 464; and Dutch recognition of PRC, 383–84, 401, 424, 427, 428; Dutch relations with, 51, 150, 191, 200, 328n152, 387, 437; and Dutch-Chinese treaties, 224, 228, 254, 275, 276; and extraterritoriality, 39, 213, 215, 217n11, 219–21, 222n36, 235, 236, 238–43, 245, 254, 256, 276, 469; in Four-Power Treaty, 150n8; and Geneva Conference, 414n260; and Indonesia, 297–98, 316, 317, 351, 354, 394, 434–35; and Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 464; military presence in China of, 40n24, 41, 160n57; and NATO, 293; and PRC, 383n106, 406, 408, 409, 446; and recognition of PRC, 332, 378, 379, 380, 381, 383–84, 386, 387, 389, 390, 415, 424, 426, 428, 436, 438, 439; “Two-Chinas” policy of, 415; in UNSC, 293; and Vietnam, 402; in World War II, 147, 150, 151, 153, 154, 166
Uruguay
304
Valck Lucassen, Theodore F.
186
192
Varé, D.
135
Vatican City (Holy See)
331
347
Veen, H. van der
85
94
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963)
272
Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties (1978)
264
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)
258
259
262
263
273
Vietnam
401
402
431
Visscher, Dignus H.
321
323
Visser, A.
84
462
Vixseboxse, Jan
11
322
323
334
381
267
326
416
473; a
392
393; a
336
385
386
394
96
409
410
429
432
34
494
495
496
499
Vliegenthart, J.C.
85
Voltaire
13
Voogd, Niek A.J. de
53
475
496
500; i
411
13
414
473; a
410
14; i
331
333
334
472; photo of
285; a
266
387
393
Vos, Hubert
463
Vos, Robert de
109
Vos van Steenwijk, C. de
204
Vos van Steenwijk, G.W. de
58
61
107
128
170
71
466
468
475; photo of
137
Vries, H.L. de
397
Vries, J.T. de
64
Vries, W.C.E.A. de
334
Vulpen, H.C. van
282
Vyshinsky, Andrey
431
Wang, C.T. See Wang Zhengting
Wang Bingnan 王炳南
386
410
449
494
499
500
Wang Chonghui 王宠惠
74
76
156
174
175
196
465
Wang Defen 王德棻 (Teh-Fen Wang)
78
79
208
209
353
Wang Deyan 王德炎 (Teh Yen Wang)
75
Wang Guangqi 王广圻 (Kouang-Ky Wang)
69
70
464
476
Wang Jingwei 汪精卫 (Wang Zhaoming 汪兆铭)
49
60
67
137; collaboratio
156
57
212
220
281
Wang Kouang-Ky. See Wang Guangqi
Wang Nianzu 王念祖 (Niétsou Wang)
70
Wang Renshu 王任叔 (Baren)
434
473
Wang Shijie 王世杰
161
196
251
306
341
343; photos of
282
284; a
327
329
Wang Sicheng 王思澄 (Wang Sze-Cheng)
196
200
201
Wang Teh Yen. See Wang Deyan
Wang Teh-Fen. See Wang Defen
Wang Tingshan 王庭珊 (Wang Ting-shan)
75
196
200
201
202
205
250
Wang Zhaoming 汪兆铭. See Wang Jingwei
Wang Zhengting 王正廷 (C.T. Wang)
36
38
42
54
57
67
464
Wanghia, Treaty of (Wangxia Tiaoyue 望厦条约; 1844)
215
War of Resistance against Japan (Second Sino-Japanese War; Kang-Ri Zhanzheng 抗日战争, 1931–45)
8
9
33
34
81
147
48
294
457
96; a
103
4
113
18; a
153
69
212
14
443
445; periodizatio
147; a
457. See also World War II
Ward, Angus
382
Washington Conference (1921)
218
water conservancy. See hydraulic engineering
Water Conservancy, Bureau of (China)
118
Water Resources, Ministry of (Shuilibu 水利部)
97
Weede, M.W. van
60
61
170
173
204
Weedon, Mary
341
Wei Gensheng 魏艮声 (Ken-Sheng Wei)
206
250
341
343
welding incident (1966)
415
473
Wen Jiabao 温家宝
418
West Germany
423
431
West Indies, Dutch
35
165
214; Chi
210
12
352
353
354
469; a
168; a
297; overseas Chi
211; i
352
353; a
395
397
441; i
152. See also Curaçao
West New Guinea (West Irian)
429
439
Westerling, Raymond
375
76
Westphalia, Peace of (1648)
2
6
166
443
455
456
458
461
Whampoa, Treaty of (Huangpu Tiaoyue 黄埔条约; 1844)
215
Whampoa Military Academy
187
360
Why We Fight (film series)
367
Wierink, J.J.
65
66
194
195
337
338
339
Wij Bouwen (We are building; film)
362
Wilhelmina, Queen (Netherlands)
18
19
149
158
197
375
251; a
181
202
204
205
206
341
344; a
162; a
368; a
142
163
164
213
469; a
71
Willem III (Netherlands)
17
Willem-Alexander, King (Netherlands)
418
420
474
Willemstad (Curaçao)
289; Chi
210
11
352
353
354
419
Wilton Shipyard
73
Winkelman, A.M.L.
430
Wittert van Hoogland, R.W.C.G.A.
304
5
Woerden, F.A. van
364
World Disarmament Conference (1932–34)
World Trade Organization
272
418
World War I
2
3
7
10
218; a
87
88
World War II (1937–45): and 1945 treaty, 6, 228, 274, 275–76; alliances in, 4, 8, 148, 151–52, 153, 195, 213, 321, 328, 445, 450, 456, 468; Allied victory in, 153; Britain in, 147, 149–51, 166, 275–76; in China, 4, 147–48, 151–52; Chinese Nationalist government in, 148, 151–52, 154, 195, 276; D-Day invasion in, 153, 245–46; Dutch East Indies in, 4, 149–52, 154, 159, 166–67, 172–73, 187, 276, 350; and Dutch neutralist policy, 4, 149, 154–57, 200, 212, 213, 299, 447, 450; and Dutch recognition of PRC, 426; Dutch sympathy in, 214; and Dutch-Chinese relations, 1, 24–27, 140–43, 147–277, 443, 445, 458; Europe-first strategy in, 213, 221; France in, 149, 198, 200, 275–76; in Netherlands, 149–50; stages of, 147, 212, 457n23; and trade, 154, 168–69, 195, 213, 444. See also War of Resistance against Japan
Worley, H.W.
338
Wu, Gally. See Wu Zhuoyue
Wu, K.C. (Wu Guozhen 吴国桢)
142
176
196
241
247
248
307
Wu Bangguo 吴邦国
418
Wu Faxiang 吴发祥 (Frazer Wu)
75
208
Wu Ken 吴恳
421
Wu Lifa 吴立法 (Li-Fah Wu)
353
Wu Nai Li
373
Wu Qianghua 吴强华 (Chiang-Hua Wu)
353
Wu Tiecheng 吴铁城 (Wu Techen)
157
318
Wu Yinxian 吴印咸
367
Wu Zhuoyue 吴卓越 (Gally Wu)
323
Wuhan (Hankow)
114
148
170
173
174; Dutch co
62
64
65
66
194
340
Wyck, H.M. van der
329
330
331
Xi Jinping 习近平, 418, 419, 420, 458n24, 474
Xiamen (Amoy)
215
218; Dutch co
62
64
65
66
194
337
338
339
462; Dutch quee
417; I
226
252
253
54; special courts i
224
490
Xi’an Incident (1936)
34
Xian Ying 鲜英
176
Xie Li 谢黎
414
473
Xie Weilin 谢维麟 (William Hsieh)
70
Xinhai Revolution (1911)
40
41
463
Xiong Shihui 熊式辉
42
Xiong Shiyi 熊式一 (Hsiung Shih-I)
74
Xu Beihong 徐悲鸿
183
Xu Cheng 许诚 (Cheng Hsu)
345
Xu Jingcheng 许景澄
17
18
462
Xu Kai 须恺
93
125
126
127
139
449
467
Xu Mo 徐谟
49
59
156
200
228
470; a
201
342; photos of
287
Xu Yongchang 徐永昌
153
Yalta Conference (1945)
153
Yan Huiqing 颜惠庆 (W.W. Yen)
71
Yan Kai 严恺
128
129
130
466
Yan’an
295
369
370
371
374
Yang Jie 杨杰
72
466
Yangtze River
90
91
105
6
117
119
20
Yangzhuang hydraulic model
105
7
138
139
Yantai (Chefoo)
14
62
64
65
66
194
339
462
Yao (legendary ruler)
83
Ye Deming 叶德明 (Yeh Te Ming)
209
Ye Gongchao 叶公超 (Yeh Kungchao, George Yeh)
498
Ye Jianying 叶剑英
357
366
67
Yeh Kungchao. See Ye Gongchao
Yellow River
91
93; Chi
467; floodi
84
88
89
462
Yen, W.W. See Yan Huiqing
Yin Chang 荫昌
463
Yingkou (Newchwang)
62
64
65
66
194
339
Yongding River
91
Yoshizawa Kenkichi
150
Ypma, J.J.
193
Yu Ming 余铭
59
Yu the Great (Da Yu; legendary ruler)
83; Order of
124
25
139
467
Yu Youren 于右任
183
Yuan Shikai 袁世凯
19
Yuan Ti 袁惕 (Tieh Yuan)
70
78
200
201
Zeeman, J.H.
413
414
473
Zeng Xubai 曾虚白
161
Zhang Buqing 张步青 (Pu Ching Chang)
77
Zhang Chengqi 张成启 (Chen-Chi Chang)
353
Zhang Daoxing 张道行
202
205
206
Zhang Guowei 张国威 (Chang Kuo Wai)
78
79
Zhang Hanfu 章汉夫
406
409
411
495
500
Zhang Jiong 张炯
119
121
127
28
467
468
Zhang Qian 张谦 (Henry Kunghui Chang)
286
344
345
348
349
471
476
497
98
Zhang Qun 张群
67
128
175
Zhang Silü 张似旅
303
Zhang Tiancong 张添聪 (Thio Thiam-tjong)
310
Zhang Wenjin 章文晋
412
Zhang Zengfu 张增福 (Tseng-Fu Chang)
208
211
349
352
353; photo of
289
Zhang Zenglu 张曾庐 (Tseng-Lu Chang)
206
341
343
345
347
349
286
289
Zhang Zhidong 张之洞
183
Zhao Huimo 赵惠谟 (Chao Hui-mu)
202
205
206
250
Zhao Ziyang 赵紫阳
417
Zheng Chenggong 郑成功 (Koxinga)
12
417
461
Zheng Dahong 郑达洪 (Ta-Hung Cheng)
206
343
353
Zheng Jiemin 郑介民 (Cheng Kai-ming)
160
469
Zheng Tianxi 郑天锡 (F.T. Cheng)
76
197
200
467
468
Zheng Zhaojing 郑肇经 (C.C. Cheng)
114
127
138
Zhenjiang (Chinkiang)
218
Zhenjiang hydraulic model
106
Zhou Enlai 周恩来 (Chou En-Lai)
308
358
470; a
414
416
449
472; a
366; a
405
406
407
408; a
346
347; a
433
34; a
385
410
432
494
496
500
Zhu De 朱德
367
Zhu Rongji 朱镕基
417
Zong Liangyi 宗良圯 (Chung Liang I)
352
Zongli Yamen
67
Zuiderzee (film)
362
Zuiderzee (South Sea) project (Netherlands)
84
98
99
127
362
463
465
Zuo Jizhang 左纪彰
305