Index of Subjects
’ālep prostheticum, prosthetic
149, 202, 368
’ālep for ʿayin
66, 116, 183, 198
abbreviated words
8, 114, 167, 376
Akkadian
84, 157, 263–64, 273, 275, 310
analogical interpretation
8, 14, 375, 446
apposition
56, 217, 232
Arabic words, roots
94, 100, 146, 310, 312, 426
Aramaic
copyist influenced by
22–23, 32, 78, 128, 149, 386, 394, 410
dialects of
35, 174, 205, 463
examples of
34–36, 45, 62, 86, 94, 117, 122, 127, 141, 166–67, 177, 180, 212, 214, 218–19, 278–79, 316, 340, 348, 353, 360, 397, 461, 467
influence of, on Hebrew language
6, 39, 53, 116
influence of, found in scrolls
7, 30, 83–84, 103, 136–38, 143–44, 154, 171, 178, 229, 266, 268, 281, 297, 305, 307, 335, 464
Aramaisms
59–60, 65, 134, 147, 235, 264, 331, 350, 368, 423, 462
archaism(s)
14, 41, 53, 143, 164, 231–32, 291, 360, 388, 446
assimilation
from another passage/verse
50, 73, 103, 118, 121, 127, 136, 154–55, 162, 203, 244, 263, 282–83, 287–88, 298, 303, 306, 311, 314, 351, 367, 375, 383
of letters
117, 126, 148, 170, 237–38, 243, 256, 281, 290, 299, 413, 428, 440
of words (within same verse)
138, 141–42, 184, 248, 274, 288–89, 291, 339, 390, 393, 418, 426, 435
biblical Hebrew
.
see Hebrew
borrowing letters and words from other texts
37, 52, 99, 104, 119–20, 133, 154, 174, 177, 220, 235, 242, 247, 251–52, 254, 282–83, 314, 323, 329, 332, 339, 342, 362, 365, 371, 384, 393, 399, 405, 421–22, 425, 429, 437, 439–40.
harmonizations.
Canaanite Shift
89, 165, 263
chiasmus
77, 79, 100, 107, 129, 316, 345, 383–84, 407, 412, 436
cohortative(s)
38, 41–42, 53, 66, 71, 147, 184, 256, 291, 309, 382, 404, 420, 461, 466
pseudo-cohortative
41, 77, 79, 290, 299, 305, 311, 467
conjectural emendation(s)
8, 12, 16, 38, 50, 54, 67, 78, 80–82, 96, 98, 100, 102, 105, 108, 111–12, 126, 134, 142, 146, 163–65, 167, 175–76, 193, 204, 212, 215, 219, 223–4, 227–29, 237, 245, 257, 267, 270, 292–93, 239, 241, 245, 255, 266, 269, 284, 293–94, 297, 301, 304, 311, 318–20, 324, 329, 334–35, 337–38, 340, 346–47, 349, 352, 354, 363–64, 373, 379, 384, 386, 390, 412, 417, 424, 429, 431, 434, 465
conjunctive wāw
14, 24, 38, 65, 73, 79, 85, 100, 112, 161, 181, 206–07, 236, 355
diminished use of
63–4
LXX and the conjunction
32
wāw-consecutive
104, 169, 393, 432
correction procedures
cancellation dots
57–58, 193, 244, 246, 336–37
correction/deletion
107, 223, 237, 239, 291
crossing out
115, 221, 410
erasure
16, 39, 51, 74–5, 86–7, 167, 170, 194, 205, 220, 239, 296, 312, 314, 326, 361, 382, 410, 469
extraordinary points (puncta extraordinaria)
312
parenthesis signs
75
separation dots
134
corrections
20–21, 41, 61, 194, 223, 272, 336, 338, 396, 429
hypercorrection
95, 159, 337
intercolumnal
16, 233, 247
interlinear
4, 16, 21, 73, 87, 152, 233, 380
scribal
49, 55, 56, 92, 94, 114–15, 300, 394, 410
definite article hê
55, 81–82, 101, 108, 125, 174, 220, 458
MT vs. 1QIsaa
31–32
vocative marker
177
digraph(s)
32, 57, 89, 217, 382, 385, 414
diphthong contraction
315, 406, 423
dittography
7, 20, 22, 43, 65, 78, 86, 91, 101, 108, 112–13, 147–48, 162, 166, 182, 185, 187–89, 193, 199, 200, 212, 219, 221, 224, 226, 230, 234, 241–42, 254, 259–60, 265–67, 270, 272, 274, 295, 312, 315, 321, 324, 328, 350–51, 366, 378–79, 381–82, 384, 392, 395, 405, 409, 418, 420, 424, 426, 438, 440, 468, 469
dittogram
37, 59, 72, 79–80, 386, 413–14, 437
dittograph
44, 137, 182, 214, 237–38, 337, 346, 411, 438, 440
vertical dittography
242, 274, 321
doublet(s)
51, 140, 192, 247, 249, 252, 394
dots
,
see correction procedures
duplication of words
75, 187, 246, 313, 378, 420
as dittography
219, 321, 440
for rhetorical purposes
164, 367, 380, 395, 420
electronic resources
17–18
elision
108, 115, 389, 400
enclitic mem
38, 72
euphemism(s)
118–19, 248
exegetical elements
6–7, 22, 67, 124, 151–152, 224, 241, 310, 347, 390
facilitation of text, by scribe or copyist
35, 47, 55–56, 67, 104, 117, 130, 282, 285–86, 300, 310, 312, 330, 384, 409, 425, 431, 438
fulfillment interpretation
33
fusion, of words or letters
45, 136, 280
gentilica
102, 119–20, 172, 306, 348
glosses
37, 48, 64, 87, 97, 183, 188, 261, 247, 279, 334, 412
as explanation
118, 232, 242, 364, 348
graphic similarity
4, 6, 7, 22, 94, 97, 99, 107–8, 125, 140, 153, 159–60, 168, 171, 174, 182, 209, 235, 267, 269, 276, 286, 315, 325, 344, 347–48, 349, 355–56, 362, 379, 405, 431
’ālep/hê
41, 85
’ālep/nûn
390
’ālep/‘ayin
78, 103, 200, 464
bêt/kāp
200, 223, 271, 310, 438
bêt/mêm
135, 273
bêt/sāmek
63, 190–91
bêt/pê
235, 330
bêt/rêš
257, 306, 440
gîmel/yôd
164, 313
gîmel/kāp
117
gîmel/nûn
364
dālet/zayin
128, 238
dālet/rêš
4, 96, 123, 127, 132, 135, 141–42, 145, 164, 168, 175, 192, 204–05, 219, 227, 229, 283, 317–18, 332
hê/ḥêt
60, 89, 155, 161, 165, 218, 299, 334, 360, 362, 389, 462–64
hê/mêm
117, 424
hê/tāw
180, 306, 337
wāw/zayin
218
wāw/yôd
74, 104, 107–08, 127, 134, 136, 139, 142, 145, 147, 151, 181, 183–84, 190, 214, 220, 231, 241, 258, 267, 270, 294, 303, 310–11, 327–28, 339, 351, 358, 376, 462, 466, 468
wāw/kāp
274
wāw/rêš
297
zayin/rêš
69
ḥêt/‘ayin
269
ṭêt/sāmek
189
yôd/zayin
218
yôd/rêš
212
mêm/pê
221, 258, 430
mêm/tāw
267, 292, 373
nûn final/pê final
233
‘ayin/ṣādê
351
guttural letters
’ālep/hê interchange
41, 65, 77, 92, 115, 132, 202
’ālep/‘ayin interchange
66, 183, 220, 427, 452
‘ayin/ḥêt interchanges
261, 274, 379
interchanges
34, 275, 426
non-pronunciation
30, 90, 198, 209
replacement
66, 261
weakening
45, 56, 60, 84, 98, 103, 108, 116, 122, 137, 168, 206, 212, 322, 343, 353, 357, 465
hapax legomenon
6, 17, 52, 55, 58, 60, 67, 80, 86, 93, 99, 104, 112, 122–23, 125, 128, 134, 137, 142, 144, 149, 154, 162, 180–81, 186, 202, 215, 218, 226–27, 232–33, 238, 242, 257, 261, 267, 275, 277–78, 292, 297, 310, 312, 316, 330, 332, 334, 342, 345–46, 350, 359, 370, 389, 400, 413–14, 426, 430, 437, 440, 453–57
dislegomena
6, 146, 268, 290, 404, 433
trislegomena
6
haplography
in 1QIsaa
45–6, 59, 68, 76, 80, 82, 91, 180, 187, 192, 195, 224, 238, 241–42, 254, 259–60, 267, 288, 340, 342, 356, 366, 381–82, 395, 402, 405, 431, 438
in 4QIsak
202
in 4QIsae
125
in LXX
276–77, 360
in MT
51, 91, 199, 224, 234, 257, 259, 266, 274, 293, 351, 389, 403, 418, 429, 468
as variant explanation
39, 45, 94, 112–13, 119, 125–26, 147–49, 152, 154, 157, 160, 166, 178, 188–89, 199, 215, 263, 271, 274, 293, 300, 315, 324, 418, 420
as scribal error
7, 20, 22, 75–6, 79, 172, 187, 257–73, 295
vertical
302, 412
harmonization(s)
7, 15, 20, 22, 32–33, 37, 51–52, 61, 65, 79, 110, 121, 130, 132–33, 140, 156, 174, 177, 180, 191, 221, 244, 247–49, 251, 262, 265, 269–271, 275–77, 297, 304, 310, 317, 321, 325–26, 328, 333–34, 341, 347, 351, 357–58, 363, 368–69, 373, 375, 377–79, 386–87, 390, 403, 408–10, 415–16, 420, 468.
borrowing letters and words from other texts
Hebrew
Late Biblical (LBH)
23, 29, 30, 35, 39, 41–42, 47–48, 63, 71, 78, 83, 93, 95, 111, 119, 126, 156, 187, 250, 261, 396, 438, 464–65
Mishnaic (MH)
23, 30, 35, 63–4, 77, 95, 110, 117, 156, 197, 208, 211, 260, 327, 396, 403
Qumran (QH/DSS Hebrew)
32, 35–36, 41, 50, 53, 55, 59, 68–9, 71–4, 87, 90, 93–95, 97, 100, 107, 110, 115, 121, 124, 127, 132, 140, 144, 152, 156, 165, 190, 193–94, 196, 201, 211, 221, 231, 233, 244, 255, 269–70, 276, 280, 285, 289, 295, 311, 358, 370–73, 379, 382, 392, 396, 398, 424, 434, 438
Standard Biblical (SBH)
23, 36, 41, 47, 84, 143, 157, 250
homoiarcton
7, 279, 291, 314
homoioteleuton
7, 81, 139, 178, 191, 268, 279, 291, 296, 422
homophony
183, 190, 344, 350
hybrid forms
36, 39–40, 110, 145, 153, 176, 217, 219, 231, 237, 423
imperatives
37, 41, 53, 65, 78–9, 88, 114, 172, 191, 261, 264, 303, 323, 348, 367, 421, 434, 466
impersonal constructions
96, 206, 242, 324, 417
passive versus active forms
42–43, 122
subject
127, 130, 185, 190, 202, 223, 351, 372, 414
verb
184, 213, 337, 400
intertextual/contextual relationships
15–16
interchange, mêm/nûn (both in final position)
95, 116–17, 178
Isaiah Scrolls
21–28
1QIsaa
21–24
1QIsab
24
4QIsaa–r
24–25
4QIsaa
25
4QIsab
25
4QIsac
25
4QIsad
26
4QIsae
26
4QIsaf
26
4QIsag
26
4QIsah
26
4QIsai
26
4QIsaj
26
4QIsak
27
4QIsal
27
4QIsam
27
4QIsan
27
4QIsao
27
4QpapIsap
27
4QIsaq
27
4QIsar
27
5QIsa
28
corpus-based examination of linguistic features, MT vs 1QIsaa
458–59
fragmented scrolls
18
MurIsaiah
28
significance
3–5
textual affiliation
443–44
Isaianic citations in Qumran nonbiblical texts
14–15
issues and challenges
18–21
ketib/qere
14, 18, 359, 445–52
qere perpetuum
14, 44, 446
laryngeals
.
see pharyngeal and laryngeals
lectio difficilior
33, 61, 109, 159, 235, 282, 292, 330, 360–61, 371, 405, 408–09, 418
lectio facilior
7, 36
lemmatization, subjective effort
18
lengthened form
71, 303
imperfect
41–42, 71, 77, 79, 288, 290, 298–99, 305, 311, 315, 390, 395, 423, 467
of independent and suffixed pronouns
53
ligatures
7, 160, 283, 315
linguistic analysis
15
locative/directional hê
75, 458
mater
ʾālep
415, 432, 434
hê
208, 388
medial
432
wāw
137, 157, 170–71, 222, 243, 263–64, 290, 311, 313, 322, 343, 356, 399, 408, 410, 419, 427, 440
metathesis
7, 50, 54, 73, 89, 99, 119, 134, 171, 190, 283, 366, 392, 395, 461–62
misdivision of words
7, 22, 95, 142, 146
Mishnaic Hebrew
.
see Hebrew
names, divine and titles
45, 57–58, 71, 53, 80, 84, 88, 96, 113–14, 166, 184, 196, 198, 201, 215–16, 224, 256, 267, 295–96, 345, 348, 351, 361, 365, 377, 413, 416
see also Tetragrammaton and Tetrapuncta
names, proper
29, 54, 82, 89, 94, 97, 119, 131, 134, 135, 136, 141, 169, 235, 248, 249, 253, 264, 408, 459
names, theophoric
29, 75, 82, 88, 171, 243, 244, 250, 460, 465–66, 479
negative particles: אַל , בל , לֹא
50, 67, 94, 206–7, 242, 263, 271, 313, 315, 382, 396, 409, 416, 418, 431, 458
nominal/verbal pattern substitutions
qaṭl
60, 144
qiṭl
60, 124, 144
qatal
51, 59, 63, 92, 95, 109–10, 145, 276, 280, 393
qatil
280
quṭl
60, 71, 89, 124, 127, 144, 147, 166, 235, 248, 280, 324, 352, 370, 378–79, 437
quṭṭul
306, 393
qiṭṭul
306, 392–93
qill
74, 270, 331, 367
qull
74, 270, 331, 367
nota accusativi (sign of the accusative)
47, 266, 342, 358, 362, 384, 419
orthography
4, 6–7, 14, 24, 29, 54, 83, 96, 104, 144, 287, 302, 414, 446, 460
divergences
8, 13, 38, 55–56, 70, 73, 115, 132, 164–65, 180, 196, 288–89, 301, 303, 308–09, 359, 382, 415, 434, 436
plene versus defective
22, 72, 75, 82, 371, 381
versus textual variants
18, 112, 133–34, 174, 181, 186, 197, 218, 222, 237, 266, 280–81, 285, 316, 322, 366, 376, 385, 388, 399, 411
paleography
11–12
parablepsis
64, 139, 420
paragogic nûn
14, 92, 205, 243, 252, 284, 353, 356, 361, 397, 408, 459
parallelism(s)
78, 91, 98, 108–09, 129, 139, 147, 162, 165, 213, 237, 267, 310, 312, 318, 340, 347, 353–54, 363, 374, 379, 412, 421, 428
antithetical
207, 259, 305
balanced lines
4, 36, 50–51, 65, 69, 95, 99–100, 108, 132, 151, 159, 170, 176, 180, 206, 209, 224, 230, 234, 241, 260, 269, 280, 292, 307, 317, 323, 329–30, 337, 344, 351, 357, 382, 384, 407, 429, 434, 463
chiasmus
,
meter
37, 186, 267, 407, 409, 418
synonymous
107–08, 123, 125, 140, 150, 182, 200, 211, 227, 281, 287, 293, 309, 312, 329, 332, 339, 343, 365, 379, 409, 411, 416–17, 437
Ugaritic
37, 360
unbalanced lines
31, 161, 183, 225, 227, 368, 402, 408
parallel registers/texts
3, 14, 42–3, 45, 244, 247, 252, 258–59, 274–75
parataxis
36, 301, 332
pharyngeals and laryngeals
31–32, 34, 319
diminishing of
30, 56, 116, 198, 218, 464
indistinguishable
41
phonology
6, 14, 116, 134, 159, 168, 178, 211, 214, 217, 235, 275–76, 287, 350, 406, 423, 426, 464
phonological change(s)
39, 255, 264, 446
phonological error
60, 78, 161, 218, 326, 351, 373, 462, 464
plural amplification
38, 121, 401, 404
pluses (and additions)
7, 20, 22, 47, 49, 58, 64, 240, 244–45, 251, 273, 336, 411
presentative exclamations הן and הנה
159–60
qere
.
see ketiv vs. qere
quiescence of gutturals
ālep
70–71, 281, 396, 401–02
ʿayin
30
hê
35, 213, 218, 253, 257, 394, 398, 424
ḥêt
400
Qumran Hebrew
.
see Hebrew
Qumran scribal interventions
3, 8, 16, 22
Qumran scribal practice
40, 53, 199, 296, 336, 468
reconstructed texts
14
representative vs. comprehensive approach
19
scholarly quotations, removing from their context
19
scribal
Qumran scribal practice
activity
8, 272
error(s)
6, 8, 20, 22, 56, 64, 71, 94, 107, 112, 131, 135, 139, 177, 207, 226, 227, 242, 249, 253, 268, 282, 289, 313, 326, 330, 332, 335, 402, 407–08, 422
error vs error in Vorlage
20–21
intentional changes
7, 20–21, 241
interventions
8, 12, 16, 22, 49, 87
marks and notations
4, 6, 21, 233
marks/corrections
21, 49, 56, 233, 394, 410
procedures
233
school/milieu
8, 23, 37, 83, 123, 160, 233–34, 241, 467
scribal hands
8, 170
stylistic approaches and conventions
3, 6, 8–9
Septuagint, issue of readings
19–20
sibilant(s)
140, 214
interchange
316, 391
variations
48, 58, 261
stylistic approaches/conventions
6, 8–9, 43, 109, 121, 302, 345, 352, 366, 420, 432–33, 435, 467, 469
superscripted words/letters
33, 57–8, 85, 140, 149, 153, 160, 209, 319, 348, 355, 461–62.
supralinear insertions; suspended words
supralinear insertions/corrections
7, 58, 87, 234, 302, 380
suspended words
41, 361
synonymous reading(s)
8, 107, 204, 221, 242, 275, 307, 337, 361, 364, 417
syntax/syntactical structures
39, 43, 174, 186, 250, 353, 409, 468
Tetragrammaton
25, 114–15, 224, 277, 296, 366, 377
Tetrapuncta
279, 296
text and sense divisions
6, 8, 16, 153, 236, 239
textual corruption
133, 352
textual variants
5–9
accidental errors
7
intentional changes
7–8
minor variants
13–14
not exhibited in DJD XXXII
460–69
synonymous readings
8
textual critics
11
pre-Qumran Isaianic
1
textual criticism
5, 7–8, 11, 16
definition
1
transcriptional text
12–13
transposition(s)
22, 43, 130, 152, 163, 173, 195, 226, 242, 262, 283, 415, 463, 468
vario (varia) lectio
78, 108, 159, 199, 204, 211, 364
verbs/verbal forms
active versus passive forms
42, 122, 185–86, 194, 201–202, 205–206, 336, 351, 371–72, 414
conjugation shift/substitution
hipʿil > qal
39
hopʿal > qal
68
nipʿal > qal
42, 127
puʿal > hitpaʿel
438
qal > piʿel
433
hipʿil—substituting ’ālep for hê
114–15, 172, 255, 357, 376, 298, 353, 406
imperfect, lengthened
42, 55, 71
infinitive absolute
35, 50, 57, 66–67, 156, 162, 183, 202, 255, 260–61, 299, 301, 394, 396, 402, 405
infinitive construct
35–36, 66, 102, 176, 181, 199–200, 213, 216, 234, 259, 266, 335, 346, 372, 384, 396, 399, 401, 418
verbal form substitution
qatul > qotel
194, 269
qatal > yiqtol
110
qatel > qotel
233
qatal > qutl
280
weQatal > weYiqtol
51, 59, 63, 92, 109, 145, 393
wayyiqtol > qatal
95
weak verbal roots
86–7, 202, 285, 371, 435
vocalization
4, 6, 21, 60
word pair(s)
165, 300, 340, 343, 357, 426
word division
114, 136, 280, 359, 467–68
word-word correspondences
13