Index
Ancient literary and epigraphical sources, commentary on
Apollonios of Rhodos
232
Aristophanes
279, 283
Aristoteles
205, 274, 282
Arkesios
181–2, 184
Building accounts, Athenai
35
Building accounts, Epidauros
170
Building epigrams, Post-Herulian wall
222–3
Diodoros Sikeliotes
172–3
Herodotos
170, 175, 207
Pausanias
76, 83, 106, 107, 168–70
Polyainos
171 n. 1
Polybios
81, 83
Rhetoric, writings about
274, 276, 283, 285–7
Theophrastos
108
Thoukydides
158, 171, 173, 216
Xenophon
171, 173–4
Vitruvius
26, 31, 33, 180–2, 184–5, 189, 193–4, 232, 237, 275, 281–2, 284, 287
Builders, architects, patronage
9, 36–7, 125, 152, 175
Architect, role of
31, 36, 53–4, 170–1, 174, 180, 231, 237
Financing and patronage
9, 35, 168–75
As a result of military conflict, booty
170–5
Patrons, communicative intentions
200, 207–8, 211–2, 220, 222–4
Individual architects
Cossutius
231
Hermogenes
237
Iktinos
26, 170–1
Individuation by technique
26
Organisation of crews, work
35–6, 51–4
Construction techniques, execution
9, 21
anathyrosis
26, 43–4
as Behavioural Qualities
153–4
Carpentry
111–3
chaîne opératoire
151–2, 154
Entasis, implementation of
31–3
Finish, degree of
139, 202, 205, 207–8, 211
apergon (protective mantle)
48
Unfinished workmanship
229, 231–7
Foundations, preparation of
78–9, 138
Handling and lifting devices
Boss
49, 229–32
Crescent-shaped slot
107–9
U-shaped channel
93
Irregularities, interpretation of
22–4, 27–31, 32–4, 39–41, 46–7, 67, 80, 229
Joinery
Clamp cuttings, metal fasteners
40, 46, 108, 110
Effect on stability of an ancient construction
144–6
empolion, dowels
26
Lifting techniques, cranes
108–9
Lathe or tornos
112
Masonry “fabric”
200, 202, 205–9
classification of
126–8, Fig. 7.3
Materials
Glue (woodwork)
112–3
Mud-brick
79, 153
Plaster
312–4
Wood
106–15
Polychromy
207, 301
Precision of ancient artisans
30
Design, planning of ancient buildings
Acoustics
274–6, 282–7
Design
4, 9, 202, 264
Alignments in plan, rules of
24–5
Changes during construction
24–6, 36, 41–4, 47–53, 71
Direction of view, perception
231, 237, 264, 266–70
Setting lines
58–9
Units, spacing of modular elements
24, 32, 49–51, 79–81, 106, 115–7
Drawings and other building specifications
54, 56–71
As blueprints
56–8
Early modern renderings of ancient monuments
179
Egyptian
58
Materials used, pigments
57, 61
Geometry / mathematics of design
31–2, 56, 65, 71
Proportion
65, 67, 80, 106
Refinements
26, 31–7, 202
Style and change
Apsidal plans, frequency in Early Iron Age
106, 158, 162–4
Cross-pollination among different media
179–95
Doric style, origins of
109–15, 185–6, 190–2
External influences, stylistic exchange
101–2
Ionic capital, influences on
186–90
Korinthian capital, origins of
181–5
Non-peripteral plans
295
Prostyle plan
78, 83
Transmission from “minor” arts
180, 194–5
Elements of buildings
Bench, profile of
65–7
Brackets
112–3
Colonnades
81, 139
Peristyle
106
Rhodian peristyle
232–3
Stylobate
22–4, 138–40
Capital
26, 111–5, 181–90
Cruciform, hypothetical
188–9
Echinos
111–4, 184–90
Volute
193
Column
Base
110–1, 114
Drum
22–6, 141–2
Fluting, “elbows”
32–3, 35, 234
Inclination of
33–5
Shaft
108–9
Taper
142
Entablature
Architrave
46–7, 142, 232
Backers (interior blocks)
40–4, 142
Geison
40, 47–8, 81, 93–7, 101–3, 109, 142, 194
thranos
41–4, 46
Floor
Mosaic
78–9, 84
Frieze
40–7, 81, 190–2
Field-and-divider
190
Ionic (Parthenon)
25, 46
Kentauromakhia (Parthenon)
46
Metope
46
Triglyph
142, 190–4, 301
Foundations
78, 144
Lintel
208
Non-architectural comparanda
kalathos
181–5
lekythos
184
phiale
184–90, 194
Tripod
190–4
Ornament
Console
208–11
Karyatid
186–8
Lion head
208–9, 313–4
Mouldings
101–4, 313
Lotus motif
186
Pediment
39, 49–51, 53, 59, 61, 65, 109–10, 115–7
Roof
Akroterion
52, 312
Antefix or eaves pan tile
50, 115–7, Fig. 6.9
Arch, vault
65
Coffer
52
Protomes
109
Sima, raking
48–50, 94
Threshold
140–1
Tiles, regular
49–52, 312
Tympanon
109–10
Woodwork
51–2
Wall
Anta capital
139
Party walls
139
Retaining
67–8
Socle
78–9
Methodology of and approaches to the analysis of Greek architecture
Aesthetics (of masonry)
200, 202, 205–9, 211, 220–1, 229
asperitas, relationship to rhetorical effect
237
Rustication
229
Analogy to early modern or contemporary practice
59–61, 65, 111–2, 163–4, 224, 269
Archaeological experiments, replication
35–6
Cultural and social history (architecture as)
151–64
Behavioural Qualities
153–4
Economics of temple building
168–75
Social group, identity
151–4, 160–4
Energetics, determining labour investment
4, 35–6, 52, 168–70, Table 10.1
Formal analysis
111–15, 181–5, 190–2, 194
Functional analysis, multi-functionality
10, 83–5, 199–200, 211, 259–60, 263, 266, 298
Oratory and building acoustics
274–87
Interpretation, meaning of
184–93, 199–212, 230–2, 243
Social memory, memorialisation
216, 218–9, 223–5
“Upcycling”, meaningful reuse
206–7, 215–25
Life history of architecture
5–6, 81–4, 91–3, 97, 104, 125, 132, 215, 295–7
Maintenance, repairs, renovation
94, 125–6, 138, 215, 225
Rebuilding
79, 82
Recycling
215
Removal, disassembly
97–9, 109
Reuse
(
Methodology–Interpretation–Upcycling
) 98–101, 215, 217–25
“Reverse architectural stratigraphy”
101
spolia, commentary on term
215, 220
New directions in research on Greek architecture
2–4, 9–11, 178–81, 194–5, 199, 211–2
Petrification, theory of
109–15
Phasing, determination of
78–9, 81–3, 128–9, 172
Relative sequence of construction
35–6, 40–4, 44–54, 125–7, 138, 140–1, 229, 300
Phenomenology via simulation
243–4, 246, 249
Humanisation of digital reconstructions
245, 249–50, 258
Perception of simulations, viewshed analysis
249, 274–87, 295, 309–11
Processional architecture, performance
249–54, 298–300
“Spatial turn”, “mobility turn”
249
Practising architects, perspective on Greek architecture
179
da Sangallo the younger, Antonio
179
Reconstruction of architecture
3D/CAD modelling
258, 260–7, 270, 275, 279, 292, 309–11, 314–9, Figs. 2.2, 2.4–5, 2.7–8, 2.12, 2.14, 2.15, 8.4, 8.6–10, 11.7–8, 15.2, 16.3–4, 17.3, 17.5, 17.7, 18.3–5, 18.8–11, 19.1, 19.5–6, 19.9–10
4D navigation of digital models, interaction
129, 246, 249–54, 264–70, 315–9
anastylosis, physical reconstruction, restoration
32, 35–6, 137–42
Crowdsourcing, gaming as research tools
266–9
Digital heuristics
264, 275–6, 305
Digital surrogate
265
Hypothesis testing, as a method for
265–6, 270
Iterative illustrations, in light of uncertainty
113–7, 265–6, 306, 308–9, 314, 318, Fig. 6.7–8, 6.10, 19.3–4, 19.9
Non-photorealistic rendering
263
Procedural modeling, shape grammar
308–9
Scale, experience of
243, 245–6
Unity 3D platform, utilization of
267–9, 306, 317–9
VR (Virtual Reality), simulations
8, 138, 142–47, 243, 245–8, 276–82, 287, 292–5, 302–3, 306
Recording, illustration methods
Data management, presentation
129, 132, 243–5, 294–5
Efficiency of traditional and digital methods
8, 129, 132, 308
GIS (Geographic Information Systems)
124–5, 243–5, 260
Identifying faint markings
63–4
Line drawings, stone-by-stone illustration
77, 123–5, 179, 229, 292, 308
Measuring tools, techniques
29, 77, 260, 292, 294, 302
Photogrammetric recording
77, 129, 137, 258, 260, 292, 302, 316, Figs. 2.3, 2.8, 2.10–11, 7.5, 8.3, 16.2, 18.2, 18.6, 19.11c
Plans, theoretical implications of
124
RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging)
63–4
Scope/meaning of Greek architecture
1, 36–7
Site management
146–7, 297
Circulation patterns
260, 263–4
Contextual analysis
243, 245–6, 254
Gamma Analysis
264, 266, 268
Landscape and architecture
129, 131–2, 200, 202, 245–6, 254, 306, 315–7
Space, spatial organization
153–4
Urban development, change over time
74, 85, 124, 126–9, 200
Statistical methods
160–3
Correspondence analysis
153–7
Dendrogram, pair-group hierarchical cluster analysis
156
k-means tests
156–7
Normalisation
153–5
Structural analysis, numerical modeling
142–47, Figs. 8.8–9, 17.8–10
Acoustic modeling techniques
275–6, 282–7
Discrete element method, for seismic analysis
143
Historical earthquake records
144
Insight on ancient architectural practice
145–7
Surface markings, analysis of
(
Building practice—Drawings
)
Ground settling, preservation
295–7
Setting lines
22
Tools and toolmarks
22, 94
Weathering patterns
21–2, 30–1
Symbol theory, semiotics
199–200
allusion, meaning
206–7
Application to architecture
200–7
Baumberger, Christoph
199, 202–7
denotation, meaning
203–4
exemplification, meaning
205
Peirce, Charles Sanders
199
representative, definition
200
Taphonomy, architectural preservation
106, 109–11
Effect of burning, on limestone
109
Theorists of Greek architecture (early modern)
Bötticher, Karl
180–1, 188, 193–4
Dörpfeld, Wilhelm
30, 107, 111
Durm, Josef
111
Jones, Owen
180
Kawerau, Georg
112
Semper, Gottfried
180–1, 188, 193–4
Schinkel, Karl Friedrich
181
Wagner, Otto
180
Typological study
2–3, 10, 61, 83–4, 179, 199–213
Units, ancient feet and other standards
24, 79–81, Fig. 4.5
Periods
Archaic
93–104, 106–17, 135–42, 185–93, 207, 278, 291, 295–300
Classical
21–37, 39–54, 59, 98–104, 168–75, 182–5, 202, 207–11, 216–9, 246, 276–9, 291
Early Iron Age, Protogeometric
151, 158, 161–4
Nomadic groups, impact on architecture
163–4
Hellenistic
59, 65–6, 74–9, 83–5, 202–3, 211, 230–7, 291, 301, 307–17
Prehistoric
2–3, 289, 291
Late Helladic IIIB-C
151, 157–8, 160–2
Late Minoan I
124, 127
Late Minoan IA
129
Late Minoan IB
126–7, 260
Middle Minoan II
127, 129
Middle Minoan III
124, 127
Minoan
123–32, 185, 193, 258–70
Mykenaian
160, 182, 185–7, 192–3
Neopalatial
125, 127
Protopalatial
124, 129
Roman
65, 82–4, 183–4, 219–24, 280–2
Sites and monuments
Aigeira
Buildings D–F (“Naïskoi”)
74–85
Relationship with the Akhaian League
76, 81, 85
Theatre
76, 81, 84–5
Amphipolis
207–8
Áno Mazaráki
110
Asine
162–3
Athenai, Akropolis
Erektheion
35, 187
History of excavation
91–2
Ionic structure
101–4
North Akropolis wall
206–7, 216–20, 223–4, Figs. 13.1, 13.4
Parthenon, Classical
21–37, 39–54
Parthenon, Older
218, 224, Fig. 13.1
Persian destruction
216–9
Propylaia (Mnesiklean)
98–9, 101
Small limestone buildings
91–104
Temple of Athena Polias
218, 225, Fig. 13.1
Athenai, City
Agora, Old Bouleuterion
278
Agora, New Bouleuterion
278–80, 282–4
Dipylon
200
Herulian sack
219–23, 225
Post-Herulian wall
219–25, Figs. 13.2–4
Sacred Gate
202
Themistoklean wall
206–7, 216–9
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
224, Fig. 13.5
Bassai, Temple of Apollon
170–74, 182
Delos, House of the Masks
232–3
Delphoi, Knidian Treasury
186
Dhespótiko, Mándra
135
History of the sanctuary
135–7
Temple-Hestiatorion complex
137–47
Eleusis
200–2
Eleutherai
209–10
Epidauros, Tholos
182
Eretria
202
Goúrnia
123–32
Cemeteries
124, 131
Palace
123–4, 127, 129
Herakleia upon Latmos
202–3, 211
Kalapódhi
South Temple (Late Geometric)
106
Persian destruction
106, 109
South Temple (Archaic)
106–17
Kalýva
203
Karasis, Mt.
211
Kolkhis, Palace of king Aeëtes (imagined)
232
Korinthos, Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore
246–8
Kynos
162–4
Labraunda, Sanctuary of Zeus
250–2
Laris upon Hermos, city wall
202, 207
Larisa, Theatre
67
Lepreon
Temple of Demeter
169, 174–5
relationship with Phigaleia
173–4
Levkandí
162–3
Magnesia, Temple of Artemis
237
Mákiston, Temple of Athena
169, 174
Messene, Fortifications
200–2, 205, 208–9
Miletos
Bouleuterion
65–6, 230–2
Gymnasium
233
Kalabaktepe, Courthouse by the temple of Athena
233
South Agora
234
Theatre
65
Mitrou
162–3
Nea Paphos, “Tombs of the Kings”
233–4
Nikhoria
162–4
Olbia (Provence)
203–4
Old Smyrna
207
Olympia
Elis, patronage by
168–9, 175
Metroön
169, 174–5
Temple of Hera
107–8
Temple of Zeus
168–70
Paphos
207
Pednelissos
202–3
Phigalia
171–4
Prasidháki, Temple of Athena
169, 174
Priene
Agora
234–7
Theatre
67
Pseira, House of the Rhyta
258–70
Rhodos
200, 205, 211
Roma
Curia Iulia
281–2, 284–7
Pantheon
179
Samothrake, Sanctuary of the Great Gods
305–19
Central Ravine
315–8
Dedication of Philippos III and Alexandros IV, Ionic Porch
307–11
Nike Monument
311–4
Selinous, Acropolis
289–303
Battery complex at north side
211
South Building
297–300
Temple B, triglyph altar
300–1
Temple C
301–2
Temple R
295–7
Sillyon
203, 211
Stageira, City wall
205–7
Syrakousai, Fort of Euryalos
208–9
Thasos, Gate of Zeus and Hera
202–4, 211
Thermos
162–4
Tiryns
161
Torybaia
202, 207
Types of buildings
Dining hall
84
Domestic architecture
125–6, 151–64
Combined with cult function
259–60
Fortification
4, 199–212, 216–25
Meeting hall, Bouleuterion
274–87
Naïskos
74, 83–5
Steps, monumental
250–4
Temple
83, 106