Abbreviations
| AH |
After Hijra |
| AIMMM |
All-India Muslim Majlis-e Mushawarat |
| AIMPLB |
All-India Muslim Personal Law Board |
| Approx. |
Approximately |
| Arab. |
Arabic |
| assass. |
assassinated |
| BCE |
Before the Common Era |
| BJP |
Bharatiyya Janata Party |
| BNP |
Bangladesh National Party |
| BSOAS |
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |
| CE |
Common Era |
| CII |
Council of Islamic Ideology |
| COP |
Combined Opposition Party |
| d. |
died |
| EI(2) |
The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |
| EI(3) |
The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three |
| EIC |
East India Company |
| EnI |
Encyclopaedia Iranica |
| GoP |
Government of Pakistan |
| IC |
Islamic Culture |
| IESHR |
The Indian Economic and Social History Review |
| IHR |
The Indian Historical Review |
| IJMES |
International Journal of Middle East Studies |
| IL |
Indian Literature |
| INC |
Indian National Congress |
| IQ |
Islamic Quarterly |
| IS |
Islamic Studies |
| JAH |
Journal of Asian History |
| JAOS |
Journal of the American Oriental Society |
| JAS |
Journal of Asian Studies |
| JASB |
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay |
| JASP |
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan |
| JESHO |
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |
| JIH |
Journal of Indian History |
| JIS |
Journal of Islamic Studies |
| JKLF |
Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front |
| JPHS |
Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society |
| JRAS |
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |
| JSAL |
Journal of South Asian Literature |
| JSS |
Journal of Semitic Studies |
| JUH |
Jamʿiyyat al-ʿUlamaʾ-ye Hind |
| JUI |
Jamʿiyyat-e ʿUlamaʾ-ye Islam |
| JUP |
Jamʿiyyat-e ʿUlamaʾ-ye Pakistan |
| MAS |
Modern Asian Studies |
| MW |
Muslim World |
| n.d. |
no date |
| N.W. |
North Western |
| NWFP |
Northwest Frontier Province |
| NWP |
Northwestern Provinces |
| Pbuh |
peace be upon him |
| pl. |
plural |
| PPP |
Pakistan People’s Party |
| approx. |
approximate |
| Rah. |
radi Allahu anhu (“may God be pleased with him”) |
| reg. |
reigned |
| RSS |
Rashtriyya Serayamsevah Sangh |
| S. |
Sayyid |
| Saw. |
sallallahu ʿalaihi wa sallam (“May God send blessings and peace upon him [the Prophet Muhammad]”) |
| sg. |
singular |
| SI |
Studia Islamica |
| s.l. |
sine loco |
| s.t. |
sine tempore |
| Swt. |
subhanahu wa taʿala (“may He [God] be glorified and exalted”) |
| U.P. |
United Provinces |
| VHP |
Vishwa Hindu Parishad |
| VOC |
Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie |
| WI |
Die Welt des Islams |