Illustrations and Tables

In: The First World War and Health
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Illustrations and Tables

  1. 1.1 Soldiers escorting wounded men from a war damaged building. Painting (1916) by Fortinuno Matania (Wellcome Collection) 10
  2. 2.1 The horrors of the flame thrower. Drawing (1916/1930) by Arthur Stadler. (Ernsting. Der Große Krieg in Kleinformat) 21
  3. 2.2 (Aerial) bombardment. Drawing (1919) by Hans Slavos. (Ernsting. Der Große Krieg in Kleinformat) 24
  4. 3.1 Courtesy of Dr Tara Tappert and the Combat Paper Project 42
  5. 3.2 Summerdown Needlework Guild (The Sphere, 27 January 1917) 50
  6. 3.3 “Embroidered by wounded men in the Pensions Hospital, Bath, 1923”. (British Red Cross collection) 51
  7. 3.4 “Embroidered by wounded men in the Pensions Hospital, Bath, 1923”. (British Red Cross collection) 52
  8. 3.5 Four disabled veterans working in reconstruction section, Walter Reed Hospital. Washington D.C. (Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division) 53
  9. 3.6 Mrs Coolidge at Walter Reed, 1923. (Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division) 53
  10. 3.7 Mrs Dwight F. Davis and daughter at Walter Reed. Harris and Ewing, photographer 1927. (Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division) 54
  11. 4.1 German soldiers enjoying their beer. (Wikimedia.org) 79
  12. 4.2 ‘Le Salut au Pinard’. French soldier saluting a barrel of wine. Drawing by R. Serrey. (Wikimedia.org) 81
  13. 5.1 ‘Die Verwundeten’. (The Wounded). Drawing (1921) by Friedrich Strüver. (Ernsting, Der Große Krieg in Kleinformat) 94
  14. 6.1 Soldier with war neurosis. (Wellcome Collection) 104
  15. 7.1 Psychiatrist Julius Wagner Ritter von Jauregg. (Sammlungen der Medizinischen Universität Wien – Josephinum, Bildarchiv) 128
  16. 7.2 The painful ‘Kaufmann-cure’ or Überrumpelungsmethode (quick-cure). An Austrian Cartoon (no date) of Arthur Stadler. The depicted military doctor wears a uniform of the K.u.k. Army. (Magnus Hirschfeld, Sittengeschichte des Weltkrieges) 132
  17. 7.3 Arrivals area of Grinzing Barrack Hospital in Vienna 1917 (IEGTM, Münster) 136
  18. 7.4 Hungarian psychiatrist Viktor Gonda checking analgesic reactions of a soldier suspected of malingering (1916). Pain insensitivity was considered a sign of hysteria. (ÖStA-KA, KM 1916, Präs. 15–25/155) 139
  19. 8.1 Hospital Guislain in Ghent (Archives Ghent, MA_SCMS_FO_2070) 149
  20. 9.1 Exhibition for the care for War Wounded and Sick at Magdeburg, June 1915 (Wikimedia) 185
  21. 9.2 Postcard ‘Ausstellung für Kriegsfürsorge. Industrie Abteilung’ (Exhibition for Medical War Assistance. Cologne 1916) 186
  22. 9.3 Recycling the disabled (Friedrich, Krieg den Kriege) 189
  23. 10.1 ‘Nurse looking after the doctor’. (Magnus Hirschfeld, Sittengeschichte des Weltkrieges) 200
  24. 10.2 What’s on a soldier’s mind. (Magnus Hirschfeld, Sittengeschichte des Weltkrieges) 203
  25. 10.3 Estimation of German VD-infections. (Magnus Hirschfeld, Sittengeschichte des Weltkrieges) 208
  26. 10.4 The ‘Prick parade’. Drawing (no date) by L. Gedö. (Magnus Hirschfeld, Sittengeschichte des Weltkrieges) 209
  27. 10.5 The brothel. Carving (no date) by Rüdiger Berlit. (Magnus Hirschfeld, Sittengeschichte des Weltkrieges) 211
  28. 10.6 Urgent need. Going to the Brothel. Belgian postcard. (Magnus Hirschfeld, Sittengeschichte des Weltkrieges) 212
  29. 11.1 Three pandemic waves. Weekly combined influenza and pneumonia mortality, United Kingdom, 1918–1919. (Morens, Taubenberger et al., ‘1918 Influenza’) 219
  30. 11.2 Attack rate of Spanish Flu (red) compared to mortality rate (black). (Shanks, Brundage, ‘Pathogenic responses’) 220
  31. 11.3 Warning sign posted at a Philadelphia Naval property in 1918. (U.S. Naval Historical Center) 223
  32. 11.4 Spanish Flu patients receiving nursing care. (Army Nurse Corps e.anca.org/History/Topics-in-ANC-History) 230
  33. 12.1 Vive la Geurre! Drawing (1932) by Robert Fuzier. (Vive la Guerre !-Hoch Krieg!, Paris 1932) 240
  34. 13.1 Nurses dressing wounds. (Wellcome Collection) 259
  35. 13.2 Nurses taking care of a soldier following an operation. (Wellcome Collection) 260
  36. 13.3 Transport of wounded. (Wellcome Collection) 266
  37. 13.4 A typical morning in a nursing home. Process print (no date) by W.P. Hasselden (Wellcome Collection) 267
  38. 13.5 A ward in the Endell Street Hospital which was entirely run by women. (Wellcome Collection) 269
  39. 14.1 Thomas Salmon’s ‘Career of (American) disabled returned soldiers’, 1917. 283
  40. 15.1 In the eyes of many chaplains, a strong and resilient soldier was a good Christian first. (Doehring, Ein feste Burg, p. 55) 307
  41. 15.2 ‘Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life’. (Doehring, Ein feste Burg, p. 129) 309
  42. 15.3 ‘The Lord is near’. (Doehring, Ein feste Burg, p. 364) 312
  43. 15.4 German Field Service. (Wikimedia.org) 315
  44. 15.5 A spark of treu religion: deep in his heart, a soldier could prove a Christian after all. (Doehring, Ein feste Burg, p. 184) 321
  45. 16.1 ‘Self-inflicted wounds’, circa 1917–1918. Photo from the Muniment Collection. (Wellcome Collection) 322
  46. 16.2 ‘Passé par les armes’, death certificate of Michel Seguin. (Database Mémoire des Hommes) 325
  47. 16.3 Postcard depicting the grounds and castle of Elverdinghe. (Collection In Flanders Fields Museum, Ypres) 326
  48. 16.4 Heroic representation of one of the 3rd Lahore Division’s attacks against the ‘Great Command Redoubt’, Pilkem, 26 April 1915. (Collection In Flanders Fields Museum, Ypres) 330
  49. 16.5 Gassed cases outside North Midland Field Ambulance, Hazebrouck, June 1915. (Imperial War Museum, London) 332
  50. 16.6 Cover of Eric Hiscock’s The Bells of Hell Go Ting-a-Ling-a-Ling. (Arlington Books Publishers Ltd, 1976) 335
  51. 16.7 Gas. Drawing (1919) by Hans Slavos. (Ernsting. Der Große Krieg in Kleinformat) 338
  52. 16.8 Gueule cassée 1914–1918. (Collection In Flanders Fields Museum, Ypres) 340
  53. 16.9 ‘Cured! And of to the Front again’. (Collection In Flanders Fields Museum, Ypres) 341
  54. 16.10 Two doctors anaesthetising an injured patient. Western front, 1914–1918. (Collection In Flanders Fields Museum, Ypres) 343
  55. 17.1 The Hospital. Drawing (1916) by Otto Wirsching. (Ernsting. Der Große Krieg in Kleinformat) 347
  56. 17.2 Two stretcher bearers removing a wounded man whilst under fire. Wash painting (1916). Painter unknown. (Wellcome Collection) 348
  57. 17.3 Kate Luard. (Stevens, Unknown Warriors) 350
  58. 17.4 A ward in the London Hospital in which a nurse tends a soldier’s arm. Painting (1915) by J. Lavery. (Wellcome Collection) 359
  59. 17.5 Bandaging on the battlefield. Private Fynn V.C., S.W. Borderers. Oil painting (1916) by Ugo Matania. (Wellcome Collection) 362
  60. 17.6 Royal Army Medical Corps on active service. Painting (1918) by Haydn Reynolds Mackey. (Wellcome Collection) 368
  61. 17.7 Carrying the wounded at Buire sans Corbie. Painting (no date) by Walter E. Spradbery. (Wellcome Collection) 370
  62. 18.1 Detail of ‘The doctor’, one of the four ‘Acts of Mercy’ paintings (1915–1920) by Frederick Cayley Robinson. (Wellcome Collection) 374
  63. 19.1 War 1914–1918. Missouri, St Louis. Motor Corps volunteers picking up victims of the influenza epidemic in response to the appeal of the Red Cross. (ICRC audiovisual archives, September 1918, V-P-HIST-03511-12) 382
  64. 19.2 ‘Rettungszug zur Abfahrt fertig’ (Red Cross ambulance ready to take off). (ICRC audiovisual archives, Austrian Red Cross, V-P-HIST-03038-24) 384
  65. 19.3 The Red Cross shows the true nature of America. French Propaganda poster (no date). Artist unknown. (Hans Magnus Hirschfeld, Sittengeschichte des Weltkrieges) 385
  66. 19.4 Germany, Western front, Red Cross ambulance train. (ICRC audiovisual archives, V-P-HIST-01146-38) 393
  67. 19.5 Geneva, Rath Museum, International agency for prisoners of war. Tracing service for the missing. (ICRC audiovisual archives, V-P-HIST-00577-17) 396
  68. 20.1 ‘Association Internationale des Médicins Contre la Guerre’ (International Medical Association against War). Conference poster of the French section, 1933. (T.M. Ruprecht, C. Jenssen, Äskulap oder Mars?) 416
  69. 20.2 “De Taak van het Roode Kruis: Opgelapt en weer naar het front”. (The task of the Red Cross: patch up and back to the front). Drawing (1931) by Willem van Schaik for the Dutch pacifist magazine Oorlog of Vrede. (War or Peace) 419
  70. 20.3 ‘Het Roode Kruis en Militarisme zijn één’ (The Red Cross and Militarism are One). Propaganda poster (1931) Jongeren Vredesactie. (Youth Peace Action) 419
  71. 20.4 Ärzte gegen den Krieg. Irrenärzte an die Staatsmänner (Physicians against War. Psychiatrists to the Politicians). Letter (1935) from the Dutch Committee for War Prophylaxis. (Ruprecht, Jenssen, Äskulap oder Mars?) 420
  72. 20.5 “Atom bedroht die Welt!”(Nuclear threatens the world). Front page of a book (1957) of the Kampfbund gegen Atomschaden (cursiveren aub) (Association against Nuclear Damage) (Ruprecht, Jensen, Äskulap oder Mars) 422
  73. 21.1 Chinese labourer. Drawing (no date) by E. Burnand. (Musée de la Légion d’Honneur, Paris) 425
  74. 21.2 A wounded Senegalese at the hospital. Drawing (no date) by J. Simont. (Hans Magnus Hirschfeld, Sittengeschichte des Weltkrieges) 426
  75. 21.3 Two members of the Chinese Labour Corps near Contalmaison, 23 March 1918. (Imperial War Museum, London) 429
  76. 21.4 ‘Winter in Flandern. Farbiger Engländer auf Vorposten’ (Winter in Flanders. Coloured Englishmen at the front). Drawing (no date). Artist unknown. (Hardt, Die Deutschen Schützengraben- und Soldatenzeitungen) 435
  77. 21.5 Wounded Sikh-soldiers being looked after. (Wellcome Collection) 437
  78. 21.6 Indian stretcher bearers at work. (Wellcome Collection) 437
  79. 21.7 A Chinese labourer in the ruins of the churchyard of Dikkebus near Ypres, 1919. (In Flanders Fields Museum) 440
  80. 22.1 The War is Over. Drawing (1918) by B. Robinson. (Craig Yoe, The Great Anti-War Cartoons) 445
  81. 22.2 Canadian memorial ‘Brooding Soldier’ at Sint-Juliaan, Belgium. (Illustration: Leo van Bergen) 453
  82. 22.3 Canadian National Memorial Vimy Ridge. (Wikimedia.org) 454
  83. 22.4 Käthe Kollwitz’ Grieving parents at the Vladslo German War Cemetery. (Illustration: Leo van Bergen) 455
  84. 22.5 Emil Krieger’s Four Statues at the German War Cemetery at Langemarck. (Illustration: Leo van Bergen) 458
  85. 22.6 Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery. (Illustration: Leo van Bergen) 459

Tables

  1. 10.1 VD in the armies comparing 1895 to 1915–16 197
  2. 19.1 Books transmitted to prisoners of war camps through the Danish Red Cross 387
  3. 19.2 Figures of the International Agency for Prisoners of War in Geneva 395
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