Abbreviations
| 1951 Convention | 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |
| 1967 Protocol | 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees |
| ait | Asylum and Immigration Tribunal |
| an | Author’s Note |
| BGBl | Bundesgesetzblatt |
| BVerfG | Bundesverfassungsgericht, German Federal Constitutional Court |
| BVerwG | Bundesverwaltungsgericht, German Federal Administrative Court |
| cat | Committee Against Torture |
| ceas | Common European Asylum System |
| cedaw | Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women |
| cescr | Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights |
| cfr | Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union |
| cjeu | Court of Justice of the European Union |
| cnda | Cour nationale du droit d’asile (French National Asylum Law Court) |
| coi | Country of Origin Information |
| crc | Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| crr | Commission de Recours des Refugiés, French Refugee Appeals Commission) |
| EC | European Communities |
| echr | European Convention on Human Rights |
| ecj | European Court of Justice |
| ecosoc | Economic and Social Council of the United Nations |
| ecre | European Council on Refugees and Exiles |
| ECtHR | European Court of Human Rights |
| elena | European Legal Network on Asylum |
| eu | European Union |
| eucfr | European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights |
| eurodac | European Dactyloscopy (database for fingerprints of applicants for international protection) |
| excom | Executive Committee of the unhcr |
| frontex | European Border and Coast Guard/Frontières Extérieures |
| hrc | Human Rights Committee (of the iccpr) |
| iat | Immigration Appeals Tribunal (UK) |
| iac | Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) (UK) |
| icc | International Criminal Court |
| iccpr | International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| icerd | International Covenant on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination |
| icescr | International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights |
| icj | International Court of Justice |
| icrc | International Committee of the Red Cross |
| icty | International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia |
| idp | Internally Displaced Person |
| ifa | Internal Flight Alternative |
| ilc | International Law Commission |
| ipa | Internal Protection Alternative |
| iro | International Refugee Organization |
| lgbti | Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual, Intersex |
| mig | Migrationsöverdomstolen (Swedish High Court of Migration) |
| minusco | United Nations Mission to the Democratic Republic of Congo |
| ngo | Non-governmental Organization |
| ocha | Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs |
| ovg | Oberverwaltungsgericht (German High Administrative Court) |
| qd | Qualification Directive |
| teu | Treaty of the European Union |
| tfeu | Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union |
| udhr | Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
| UK | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |
| UKAIT | United Kingdom Asylum and Immigration Tribunal |
| ukhl | United Kingdom House of Lords |
| UN | United Nations |
| unc | United Nations Charter |
| uncat | Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment |
| unhcr | United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
| unhcr Handbook | unhcr Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees |
| unmik | United Nations Mission in Kosovo |
| unrra | United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration |
| unrwa | United Nations Relief and Works Agency |
| unts | United Nations Treaty Series |
| vclt | Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties |
| vg | Verwaltungsgericht (German Administrative Court) |