Author:
Marie Ladekjær Gravesen
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Index

Aberdare 96 , 200
absentee
holder 225
land 27 , 73 , 87 , 115 , 118 , 124 , 135 , 140 , 142 , 171 , 177 , 190 , 215 , 223 , 228 , 230 See also land, seemingly vacant
landlord 22 , 59 , 81 , 95 , 113–114 , 156 , 171–172 , 175–176 , 190 , 194 , 214 , 230
livestock owners 81 , 95 , 113 , 116
access opportunism 33 , 125
Adams, William M. 146 , 148
african elite 58 , 60 See also political elite
Africanisation 63 , 66 , 100 , 129 , 131 , 148 , 165 , 167 , 181 , 219 , 223 , 232
africanise 13 , 23 , 87 , 155 , 229 , 232
Agricultural Finance Corporation (afc) 88 , 164–165
Akiwumi report 76–77
Anderson, Benedict 87
Anderson, David 57
autochthony 9 , 27 , 29 , 68 , 75 , 78–79 , 86–87 , 96 , 100 , 229–230 See also ethnic competition; othering
balloting 136 , 166 , 212
Baragoi 102
Baringo 6 , 8 , 13 , 41 , 200 , 216 , 226 , 228
Berry, Sara 27 , 169 , 203–204
biodiversity 25 , 81 , 95 , 109–110 , 112 , 117 , 220 , 223
Boer War 43 , 67
Bollig, Michael 24
Borana 103
Boserup, Ester 34
Botkin, Daniel B. 34
Branch, Daniel 155
British administration 54 , 83 See also colonial administration
bundle of rights 27
bush fires 125 , 200
carrying capacity 34–35 , 47 , 105 , 112 , 201–204 , 207
cash crops 43 , 102 , 205 , 216
cattle raids 51 , 118 , 139
cattle rustling syndicate 116
charcoal 102 , 181 , 187 , 191 , 195 , 215
Churo 200 , 218–219
Colonial administration 30 , 39 , 44 , 51 , 54 , 59 , 82 , 84 , 97 , 99 , 127–128 , 144 , 182 , 202 See also British administration
colonisation 30 , 32 , 59 , 62 , 78 , 124 , 127 , 143 , 147
common farming areas 65
commons 32–33 , 112 , 201
new 33
communal ownership 31 , 42
compassionate case 130 , 170
contested lands 23 , 37 , 234–235
cooperative 25 , 67 , 73–74 , 133 , 164 , 170
Crown Land 22 , 33 , 41 , 45 , 51 , 59 , 63 , 81–83 , 87 , 128 , 164 , 198–199 , 203 See also European Reserve; scheduled land; White Highlands
cultivation 43 , 69 , 194–195 , 198 , 205 , 211 , 213
Daily Nation, the 75 , 91
detention camps 58
Dol Dol 96 , 218
Dorobo 30 , 49–50 , 52 , 71 , 119 See also hunter-gatherers; Okiek
Dunn, Kevin 86
Dykes 123–125 , 127 , 129–130 , 132–134 , 145 , 147–148 , 153 , 165–166 , 199 , 206 , 234
East African Standard, the 65
East African Women’s League, the 204–205, 208
ecological condition 18 , 78 , 166 , 176
Eldoret 88 , 90
elephant 3 , 19 , 110 , 120 , 122 , 147 , 152 , 194–196 , 221
Eliot, Sir Charles 41
Elkins, Caroline 57
Emley, District Commissioner 203
empty lands 38 , 41
Emutai 40
entitlement 43 , 85 , 118 , 121
entrustment 85
environmental degradation 23 , 112 , 204
environmental history 181
ethnic
affiliation 15 , 22 , 28 , 30 , 103 , 117 , 142 , 174
alliances 29
category 10 , 29 , 49 , 78 , 84 , 86
competition 103 , 132 , 134 , 144 , 167 , 170 See also autochthony; othering
construction 30
divide 29 , 84
groups 5, 8, 16, 22, 28, 43, 49, 60, 68, 74, 78, 84, 86, 96, 98, 118, 127, 132, 135, 155, 168, 192, 232ethnic violence 74 See also retaliatory attack
European Reserve 42 See also Crown Land; scheduled land; White Highlands
Evans, Lauren 146 , 148
Ewaso Narok 13 , 18 , 22 , 137 , 144 , 192 , 194 , 197
exchange Control 130 , 133 , 165
Falk Moore, Sally 169
farming
large-scale 65 , 111 , 140 , 203 , 210
mixed 34 , 43 , 63 , 67 , 170 , 202
small-scale 64 , 73 , 130 , 166 , 178 , 193 , 203 , 210–211
subsistence 17
farm size 43
firearm 6 See also weapon
flower farm 230
food crops 102 , 111
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, the 124 133
Fortmann, Louise 15 , 80 , 123
Fratkin, Elliot 82–83
Gallmann, Kuki 181 , 208 , 220
Galvin, Kathleen 31
Gatundia 13 , 20 , 145
Gavaghan, Terence 199 , 201 , 206
Geothermal Development Company, the (gdc) 226
Gikuyu 77 , 114 , 145 , 161 , 215
Githunguri 114 , 156–157 , 161 , 170–172 , 178–179
grassland 13 , 31 , 46 , 111 , 187 , 191 , 193 , 206
Great Depression, the 206
grievances 9–10 , 23 , 61 , 74 , 81 , 85 , 92 , 103 , 121 , 126 , 173 , 175 , 229 , 234 See also land hunger; land question
Guardian, the 113
Haraka Scheme 210
Hardin, Garrett 32–34 , 112
Hardwick, Alfred Arkell 196–198
Hartley, Carr 102 , 162 , 170 , 191
Hastrup, Kirsten 17
Home News, the 99
Hornsby, Charles 155
hunter-gatherers 49 See also Dorobo; Okiek
illegal grazing 7–8 , 21 , 81 , 103 , 107–108 , 116–118 , 125 , 133 , 150 , 153 , 200 See also trespassing
Illiffe, John 85
Iloikop 39–40
immigration 48 , 55 , 57 , 69 , 71–72 , 221
indigeneity movement 29 , 50
institutional pluralism 156 , 168 , 177
internally displaced people (idp) 100 , 145
Isiolo 4 , 6 , 8 , 52 , 168 , 218 , 226 , 228 , 233
islands of enclosures 69 , 109 , 153 , 209 See also land-use fragmentation
Jennings Ranch 3
Jones, S.B. 150
Jubilee Party 232–233
Kenya African Democratic Union (kadu) 61
Kenya African National Union (kanu) 61
Kaichakuni 146
Kalampton 146
Kanyinga, Karuti 155 , 164
Karanja, Josephat 172
Kariuki, G.G. 19 , 131–132 , 166 , 171
Karume, Njenga 158
Keller, Edward A. 34
Kenya Land Commission (klc) 44 , 46–52 , 85 , 119 , 126 , 198
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (knbs) 72
Kenyatta, Jomo 61–62 , 68 , 133
Kenyatta, Uhuru 108 , 154 , 173 , 180 , 232–233
Kenya Wildlife Service (kws) 2 , 110 , 113 , 120
Kiambu 29 , 69 , 132 , 136–137 , 139 , 170
Kibaki, Mwai 132 , 161
Kifuku Ranch 3 , 5 , 7 , 13 , 20 , 22 , 187 , 218
Kimani, Kihika 171
Kittermaster line 199 , 202
Klopp, Jacqueline 69
Kopytoff, Igor 31 , 126
Kosek, Jake 24 , 35 , 38 , 86
Laibon 82–83
Laikipia County 1 , 8 , 11 , 19 , 173 , 210 , 212 , 221
Laikipia District 11 , 52–53 , 71–72 , 75 , 167 , 200
Laikipia Farmers Association 55 , 82 , 147
Laikipiak Maasai 30 , 33 , 46 , 84 , 96–97 , 99
Laikipia landscape 9–10 , 18 , 22 , 81 , 134 , 182 See also Laikipia plateau
Laikipia Nature Conservancy 3 , 21–22 , 140 , 190 , 220
Laikipia plateau 11 , 17–18 , 38 , 44 , 46 , 84 , 155 , 196 , 203 , 228–229 , 234 See also Laikipia landscape
Laikipia West Farmers Company 171 , 189–190
Laikipia Wildlife Forum 108 , 110 , 233
Lake Turkana region 55
Lancaster House talks 60
land
acquisition 28 , 70 , 74 , 179
claim 38 , 43 , 91 , 123 , 142 , 146 , 194 , 228
distribution 1 , 57 , 68 , 78 , 104 , 155 , 170
hunger 30 , 63 , 164 , 166 , 216 See also land rush
Invasion 1 , 98 , 113 , 126 , 229 , 231–232 , 234
management 31 , 33 , 35 , 108 , 128 , 152 , 184 , 206–208
question 27 , 46 , 60–61 , 78 , 126 , 175 See also grievances
reform 28 , 36 , 58 , 62 , 74 , 164–165
rush 69 See also land hunger
seemingly vacant 20–21 , 76 , 113 , 177 , 227 See also absentee land
Land Board 91 , 178
land-buying company 20–21 , 67 , 89 , 122 , 137 , 155–157 , 167 , 178 , 189–190 , 212 , 222
land-buying company director 89 , 92 , 114 , 154 , 156–158 , 160–163 , 166–170 , 172–174 , 179 , 228
fake director 94
Land Commission 44–46 , 49 , 199 , 204
landholder 100 , 165 , 208 , 211 , 223 , 225 , 228
landlessness 10 , 53 , 58 , 62 , 65–66 , 93 , 118 , 122 , 137 , 164–165 , 167 , 171 , 173
land-use fragmentation 9 , 67 , 69 , 155 , 226 See also islands of enclosures
law
customary 79
state 26
statutory 27 , 79
Leaduma 82–83
Leakey, Richard 48
Lefebvre, Henri 124 , 127 , 141
legal pluralism 25 , 27 , 169 , 227
Lempurkel, Mathew 4 , 87 , 100 , 111 , 232
Leroghi 46 , 82 , 119 , 198–202 , 206
Limitation of Actions Act 101
Locke, John 107
Lodwar 102
Loibor Kenejie 46
Lolldaiga Hills Ranch 98
Lombara Ranch 3
Lonsdal, John 57
Lonyiek 76
Lorien Ranching Company 88–91 , 93 , 167
Lorora 137 , 144
Lund, Christian 26 , 154 , 169
Lynch, Gabrielle 28 , 30 , 86 , 142
Maa 12–13 , 49 , 97 , 139 , 144–145
Maasai Agreement 42 , 96–97
Mackinder, H.J. 196
Magugu, Arthur 158 , 161 , 170–172 , 174
Majimbo 61
Malthus, Thomas 34 , 47 , 112
Maralal 12 , 139 , 199 , 206
Marmanet 56 , 64 , 145 , 210
Marura 94 , 103 , 137 , 194
Mau Mau 50 , 56–58 , 77 , 83–84 , 93 , 145
McDermot Hughes, David 32 , 109–110 , 112 , 126 , 198
Melwa 125 , 129 , 132–133
menace to white settlement 82 , 84 , 107
migration 69–70 , 102 , 111 , 213
Million Acre Scheme 65–66
Moi, Daniel Arap 71 , 74–77 , 92 , 132 , 146 , 175–176
Moore, Donald S. 24 , 35 , 38 , 86
Moore, Sally Falk 169
Mount Kenya 41 , 66 , 142 , 196
Mount Nyiro 98
Mugie Conservancy 3–4 , 21–22 , 206 , 220
multi-party system 74 , 77
Mungiki 77
Mutukanio Farmers Company 62 , 189–190
Naivasha 225 , 228–229
Nakuru 69 , 72 , 88 , 129 , 131 , 233
Nanyuki 67 , 210–211
Native Reserve 42 , 128 , 199 See also Northern Frontier District
Neumann, Arthur H. 197–198
New Enclosures Movement 220
New Kenya Party 60
Ngorare Ranch 3 , 20 , 22 , 220
Ngoroko 102
Nimmo, District Commissioner 55
Njenga, Maina 77
Northern Frontier District 32 , 125 , 199 , 207 See also Native Reserve
Nyahururu 12–13 , 20 , 65 , 67 , 93–94 , 99 , 143 , 145 , 194 , 211
Nyandarua Scheme 65
Nyeri 46 , 52–53 , 69 , 88 , 90–91 , 132 , 136 , 145
Nyumba Kumi 218–219
Okiek 29 See also Dorobo; hunter-gatherers
Ol Arabel 56 , 64 , 200 , 209
Ol Maisor Ranch 3 , 220
one-party rule 74
Orange Democratic Movement (odm) 232
Ostrom, Elinor 32–33
othering 28 , 80 , 86–88 , 95 See also autochthony; ethnic competition
Pandian, Anand 24 , 35 , 38 , 86
Partridge, David 88
pastoralism 73 , 111–112 , 203 , 226 , 230
patron-client relation 164–166 , 172 , 174 , 179 , 227 , 229 See also power dynamics
Peet, Richard 23
Peluso, Nancy Lee 26
physical enclosure 124 , 137 , 146 , 148 , 220
poaching 44 , 148 See also wildlife killing
political ecology 23 , 33
political elite 10 , 62 , 132 , 134 , 155 , 164–166 See also African elite
political instrumentalism 74
politicisation 36 , 72 , 80 , 91 , 155 , 183 , 225 , 228–229
politics of the belly 75
poverty trap 66 , 167
Powell-Cotton, P.H.D. 39
power dynamics 17 , 85 , 87 , 173 See also patron-client relation
Powys, Theodore 81–83 , 91 , 97 , 118–119 , 201 , 234
Pratt, Mary Louise 27 , 32
pyrethrum 43 , 205 , 216
rainfall 17–18 , 43 , 187 , 194 , 200 , 206 , 209–210 , 216
resettlement scheme 57 , 62 , 64–67 , 87 , 128 , 130 , 164–167 , 170 , 210 , 212
retaliatory attack 76–77 , 87 See also ethnic violence
Ribot, Jesse 26
Rift Valley 11 , 40 , 46 , 49 , 61 , 72
rinderpest 40 , 197
Rogoro Farmers Company 89
Rumuruti 12 , 19–21 , 52 , 54 , 76 , 96 , 103 , 137 , 145 , 163 , 197 , 206
Rumuruti Forest 22 , 187
Rumuruti Ranch 136
Salama 19 , 91 , 94 , 184–187 , 218
scheduled land 42–43 , 46 , 119 , 126–125 , 199 , 201 , 203 , 206 See also European Reserve; Crown Land; White Highlands
Second World War 43 , 99 , 205
Segera Conservancy 3
Settlement Transfer Funds Scheme 67
Sharpe, District Commissioner 52 , 55
Shipton, Parker 14 , 27 , 84 , 126 , 177
Shirika scheme 210
Sipili 13 , 76–77 , 138 , 145–146 , 152 , 176 , 188–189
social-ecological system 31 , 35 , 116 , 118 , 181–182 , 190
Soldier Settlement Scheme 125
Sosian Game Ranch 3–4
Southern Reserve 46 , 49
Spencer, Paul 49
Stamp Mission Report 59
Star, the 2–4 , 8 , 116 , 232
Stigand, Captain C.H. 197–198
subdivision 63 , 90–91 , 116 , 157 , 169–170 , 211–212 , 221–222
Suguta Marmar 52 , 125
sustainability 22 , 33–35 , 60 , 108 , 112 , 116 , 201 , 209–210 , 223 , 230
Suyian Ranch 3–4 , 6 , 220
Swynnerton Plan 57
symbolic enclosure 124 , 135 , 144 , 146
Temporary Occupation Licence 43
tenure security 21–22 , 25 , 95 , 172 , 177–179 , 226 , 231
territoriality 25
Thomson, Joseph 38 , 39–40 , 41 , 78 , 142 , 197–198
Thomson’s Falls 12 , 51 , 54 , 56–58 , 142–143 , 205
Throup, David 203
tourism 2–4 , 109 , 120–121 , 220 , 229
Trafford, District Commissioner 52 , 200
trespassing 27 , 44 , 92 , 96 , 106 , 117 , 129 , 147–148 , 151–153 , 228 See also illegal grazing
Turkana District 71
twilight institutions 26 , 33 , 169
Uasin Gishu 94
United Party 60
usury rights 24 , 26 , 144
vernacular land markets 156 , 169 , 177–178 , 227
Waller, Richard 82
Wasserman, Gary 155
Watts, Michael 23 , 141
wave
of attacks 6 , 8
of insecurity 234
of invasion 7 , 121 , 140 , 232
of uncertainty 1 , 29 , 234
weapon 5 , 93 , 111 , 122 See also firearm
Western Province 69
White Highlands 42–45 , 47–48 , 50 , 53–54 , 57–58 , 62 , 72 , 74 , 131 , 164 , 205 , 232 See also European Reserve; Crown Land; scheduled land
Whittall, Erroll 207
wildlife killing 1–2 , 118 , 120–122 , 153 , 229 See also poaching
Zimbabwe 6 , 108 , 234
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The Contested Lands of Laikipia

Histories of Claims and Conflict in a Kenyan Landscape

Series:  African Social Studies Series, Volume: 42
Cover The Contested Lands of Laikipia
E-Book ISBN:
9789004435209
Publisher:
Brill
Print Publication Date:
12 Nov 2020

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