General Index
1 Maccabees
169, 358–359
1 Esdras
145
2 Baruch
361
2 Maccabees
169, 181, 359, 376(n28)
2 Esdras
145, 361–362
3 Maccabees
3–4, 12, 97(n45), 169–170, 178–194, 358
4 Maccabees
142–143, 146, 363
4QExodusd
111
4QPseudo-Daniel
102
4QPseudo-Ezekiel
103–104, 110–111
4QReworked Pentateuch
92–94, 111
Aaron, brother of Moses
95, 107
Aaron b. Ephraim b. Eli b. Ṭarsōn
496
Abbasids (dynasty)
7, 22, 419, 431, 438, 439, 466, 485, 496
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (Ummayad caliph)
495
ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir
431
al-ʿAbdarī, Muḥammad
571(n18)
Abon ben Zedaqa
211(n42)
Abraham/Abram (patriarch)
92–93, 98–99, 101–102, 109, 120, 162(n67), 165, 170(n103), 201, 338–339, 389, 607–610
Aramaic traditions on
101, 109
Abraham b. Da ʾūd
495
Abraham b. David Sighmār
508–510
Abraham b. Sahlān
496
Abraham ha-Kohen ibn al-Furāt
447
Abravanel, Isaac
634(n12)
Abū al-Faraj Hārūn (Karaite commentator)
607
Abū al-Qāsim al-Tujībī al-Sabtī
571(n18)
Abū Isḥāq al-Sāhilī
571(n18)
Abydos, temple of Osiris
66
Achaemenids
(
see Persians [Achaemenid]
)
Achaemenid Elephantine
56–83
Acre
448, 535, 580
Aden
419, 467
Aeschylus
116
Africa, North
7, 419, 438, 465, 493(n6), 494(n7), 508
Africa, sub-Saharan
445, 466
Agrippa I
265, 266, 269–270
Ahasuerus
192(n33)
Ahiqar, Words of
65
Akkadian
names
64
ʿAlī Bey the Great (18th century)
640
al-ʿAmmānī, Aaron ibn
421, 537–560 passim
Aleppo
8, 504, 568, 592
Alexander (III) the Great
166, 201, 219, 236, 247, 352, 363, 390–391
Alexander, son of Herod the Great
263–264
Alexander, Gaius Julius (‘the alabarch’)
259–277
Alexander, Gaius Julius Philo (?)
(
Philo of Alexandria
) 267
Alexander, Marcus Julius
264, 266–267, 269–270, 272
Alexander, Tiberius Julius
260–273 passim, 283–292 passim, 297, 305–306
Alexander Polyhistor
167
Alexandria
2, 11–12, 116–117, 144–146, 153(n18), 165(n78), 168–169, 179, 204–205, 216–253 (passim), 259–277 (passim), 280–297 (passim), 305, 326, 331, 337(n56), 367–391 (passim), 419–434 (passim), 440, 446, 453, 454, 456, 515, 531–62 (passim), 563, 564, 568, 570–572, 580, 634–636, 641–643
Arsinoeion
219
basilica-synagogue
349, 351, 369, 373–374, 380
capture by Saladin
580
citizenship in
171, 259–273, 297, 314–315, 321, 375
Greeks of
184, 188–190, 349–353 (
Acts of Alexandrian Martyrs
), 355, 359
gymnasium
216
Heptastadium
218, 245–247, 252
Hippodrome
181, 189
Jewish ethnarch
16, 314
Jewish writings of
117, 132, 145–146, 168
Jews of
2–3, 5–6, 13, 17, 171(n111), 314, 334–335, 363
Judah Ha-Levi’s poetry and
531–62
Judah al-Ḥarīzī’s visit to
575–577
Library of
91, 168–169, 218, 252
Museum
289
Nemesion
349
palace complex
218–219
Pharos, Island of
218–220, 244–252
Pharos, Lighthouse
218, 220, 238(n126), 245, 246(n162), 251(n186)
Philo’s perspective on
216–253
politeuma
314, 321, 323–324
proseuchai (prayer-houses)
153, 216
Rabbinic views of
367–391
Sebasteion (Caesareum)
219
Sema
219
setting of LXX translation
4, 116, 153, 157, 169, 204 (
Septuagint
)
under Trajan
348–361
violence against Jews (38 CE)
112, 216–217, 295, 297, 314
Zealots in Alexandrian Jewish community
357–361
Alexandrian Martyrs, Acts of the
305, 315, 349–350, 376–379
Alexandrian War
15, 265
Al-Yahudu, documents of
64
Amarantus, Gaius Julius
263
Amidah
357, 361
Amon (Amun)
209, 220
Amon (in 4QPesher Nahum)
107
Amos, Book of
LXX
138–139
ʿAmr b. al-ʿAṣ
427
Amram, father of Moses
96–98, 102
Visions of
96–98, 109–111
Anani
61, 68, 76(n74), 76(n75)
family archives of
67
Anani, son of Azariah (=Ananiah, servant of the temple of YHW)
81
Anani, son of Haggai, son of Meshullam
62, 67, 69(n54), 72(n66), 72(n68)
Ananiah, servant of the temple of YHW on Yeb
family archives of
56–83
Ananiah, son of Haggai
76
Anath-Bethel (Anat-Bethel)
58(n11), 70, 78
Anath-YHW (Yaho)
70–71, 78, 153
Anatolius of Alexandria
224
Anatolius of Laodicea
135–136
Andalusi, Andalusia, Al-Andalus, Andalusian
(
Spain, Iberia
) 421, 422, 439, 509, 533, 536, 539, 540, 544–545, 547, 551, 553–554, 559, 563, 565, 566–592, 594
Antioch
146
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
89, 95, 101–104, 109, 181–182(n10), 186(n21)
son of Belial
103
Antipater, father of Herod the Great
265
antisemitism
290, 295(n57), 305, 314, 331, 349, 354
Antonia, daughter of Mark Antony
266, 268, 272
Anubis
283, 291–292
Anukis, temple of
58
Anūshtakīn al-Dizbirī
444
Apelles of Ascalon
296
Aphrōdito/Ishqūh
428, 429
Apion (grammarian)
280–298 (passim), 252(n189)
Apocalypse of Ezra
361
Apocryphon of Jeremiah C
104–105, 110
Apollinopolis Magna
(
see Edfu
)
Apollo
328, 333
Apollonios (archive of)
320
Apollonius Rhodius
220
Appian of Alexandria
221–222, 238–239, 251, 253, 349–355, 362
Aquila (translator)
46, 145, 383
Arab conquests (early Islamic period)
6, 21, 220, 411, 419, 424–427, 429, 438, 439, 465, 514(n2)
Arabia
88, 419, 429, 446, 491, 571(n18)
Mighty ones of
103
of Moses’ sojourn
165
Arabic
language (
Judaeo-
) 1, 8, 419, 421, 424–439, 479(n57), 493, 494, 510, 514–528, 541, 543, 546, 549(n51), 551, 559, 564, 565, 566–592 passim, 594, 597, 599–600(n2), 600(n3), 601(n5), 606(nn12–13), 606(n123), 608(n17), 609(n20), 616(nn37–39), 618, 619, 622, 626, 627, 628
Baghdadi
517, 526
names
64
script
518–520, 522, 525, 528
Arabicisation
430, 432, 435
Arabs
305(n2), 311, 315(n33), 419-435, 641, 645
Aram
30
Arameans
56–83, 85, 102(n60), 150(n1)
Aramaic
397–415
in Ptolemaic Egypt
307
late Antiquity onwards
426, 427, 434, 436, 455, 473(n34), 516, 521, 522, 544(n37), 591, 619
names
64, 309-310, 323
Aramaic Levi Document
95–96, 110
Aristeas, Letter of
3–4, 11, 97(n45), 108(n85), 143–144, 146, 153(n21), 166(n84), 168–169, 178, 190(n27), 204–205, 224–226, 229–231, 233–238, 240–248, 250–252, 314, 356, 382
Aristides
209
Aristobulus (= Aristobulos)
116, 131–136, 144, 224–225, 238(n129), 243, 250
Aristobulus IV, son of Herod the Great
264, 266
Aristotle
116, 135, 210
Arrian
348, 390(n78)
Arsames
63, 66
Arsames/Arsham (Persian satrap)
60, 63, 64, 66, 79
Arsinoe II
219–221, 223, 235, 237(n121)
Arsinoite nome
318–319
Artabanu
66, 70
Artapanus
164–166, 204, 207–209, 212–213, 354
Ascalon
368(n3), 447, 448, 453, 455
Asenath
354
Ashdod (rebellion of)
28
Assyria
27, 29, 32–38, 42–44, 49, 100, 151, 155, 156, 158–159, 202, 581, 634
Aswan
199, 207, 209, 209(n34), 467
Athenaeus
221–223, 239, 251, 253
Atum-Re
47
Atumnebon
58(n11)
Augustus (Octavian)
153(n18), 216, 218–219, 221, 232, 236(n118), 259(n5), 265, 326
ʿAydhab
467, 468, 470(n21), 479, 484
Ayyubids (dynasty)
8, 23, 436, 445, 464(n8), 466(n12), 482, 483, 486, 514, 525, 526, 571(n21), 576, 580–582, 593
Baal
consort of
153
Baalanot, citizens of
58(n10)
Babylon (Mesopotamia/Iraq)
29, 33–34, 95, 103–105, 544, 574, 588, 613
Babylon (Roman fortress in Egypt)
424, 427
Babylonia
64, 161
Babylonian(s)
38, 65–67, 71, 151, 152, 161
Jews
(
Synagogues; Talmud
)420, 427, 492–496, 501, 503, 504, 505, 507, 510, 512, 513, 525, 623, 624(n63)
names
69, 73
script
501, 505(n26), 508–510, 513
vowels
500
Babylonian exile (golah)
29, 56
Bactrian
65, 67, 70, 78, 81
Bagazushta, son of Bazu
62(n30), 67, 69(n52), 70
Baghdad
6, 7, 434, 436, 491–492, 495(n11)
Bagohi (Bagoas)
60, 63, 79
Balaam’s prophecy
352, 362
al-Balawī, Khālid b. ʿIsā
572–573, 592
Banit
57
Baniyas
448
Bar-Kamtsa, tale of
378
Bar Kokhba
18, 353
Baruch
105(n70)
Bawīṭ
429
Bedouin raids
420, 448, 454
dialects
515
immigration
517
Beit Sheʾan
631
Bel
58(n10), 70
Benjamin of Tudela
23, 467, 482, 483, 559–560, 562, 571, 592
Ben Saadya family (negidim)
447
Ben Sira
95, 96(n40), 117, 144, 358
LXX
139–140
Berechiah
59(n19)
Berenice, daughter of Agrippa I
266, 269–270, 272
Berenice, daughter of Salome the elder
266
Berenike, port of
269
Beth Shemesh (Palestine)
161
Beth Shemesh (Egypt)
46–47, 161
Bethel (god)
57, 78
Bible, allusions in poetry and other literature
538–9, 541–558 (passim), 577–581, 587–588, 591, 642–644
Bible, texts and exegesis relating to Egypt
27–50, 89–112, 150–72, 421, 461, 551–552, 571, 597–626, 629–638, 641
Biblical texts (written form)
359, 436, 493
Biblical commentaries and exegesis
516, 597–626
Bilbays
448, 451, 453, 456, 575(n32)
Boubastos
311–312
Busiris (= Bousiris)
293, 304
Byzantium, Byzantines
21, 435, 466, 492
Cairo
(
Fustat
) 7, 8, 22, 420, 422, 425, 441, 444, 445, 447, 451(n47), 453, 454, 458, 460, 464, 465, 467, 468, 469(n17), 473, 479, 480(n60), 482, 488, 515, 517, 525, 548–551, 555–556, 560, 570, 571, 572, 575, 576, 578–580, 582, 584, 585(n58), 592, 618, 643, 645
Cairo Genizah
1, 6, 7, 8, 95(n37), 96, 99(n49), 210(n40), 306, 406, 419, 420, 436, 441–459, 462(n3), 464–488, 491–513, 514–528, 536, 537, 544(n37), 553, 563–565, 569, 573(n28), 574(n28), 590(n70), 593, 618, 631(n7), 639, 640–647
Calendar
375–376, 388-389, 429(n5)
Callimachus
220–221, 223(n45), 388(n75)
Callixeinus of Rhodes
222, 238(n127)
Cambyses
63
Canaan
44–45, 47(n41), 97, 102, 104, 163(n73), 168, 170, 549, 616–617, 621
Canaanites
101–102, 463(n4), 599–602, 623(n61)
Canticles, Book of
145
Capharnaum
205
Captives, Jewish
104, 108(n85), 386, 454–457, 461, 495
Carians
65–67
Carmon, River
205
Carpocrates
361
Casaubon, Isaac (Huguenot scholar)
629–630, 639
Caspians
65, 67–68, 70, 75, 79, 81, 82
Cassius Dio
282, 306, 347–349, 353(n22), 369, 379(n41)
Chaeremon
287
Chaldaeans
104
Charity
420, 442, 443, 444, 446–447, 450–456, 643
Chelkias
338
Chenephres
165
Chorasmian
65–66, 70, 79, 81, 82
Christianity
308 (n13), 347, 361, 382–383, 385, 387
Christians
(
Byzantines, Copts, Nubians, Syrian Orthodox
) 6, 145, 224, 268(n67), 287, 294, 295(n57), 308, 347, 348, 361, 390, 422, 426, 428, 432-435, 464(n7), 465, 467, 470, 480(n59), 481, 491, 492, 503, 516-518, 520, 522, 525-526, 566, 581, 628, 630, 641, 645, 646
Chronicles, Books of
31
Cicero
223, 408
Cilicians
66
circumcision
95, 165, 289, 293, 297, 606(n12)
Claudius
17, 265–276 (passim), 285–298 (passim)
Letter to the Alexandrians
286–287, 298, 305, 315, 357
Clement of Alexandria
132, 225
Clementine Homilies
290(n37), 292, 295, 354(n27), 359(n43), 363
Cleon
103
Cleopatra II
107, 110, 111(n93)
Cleopatra III
338
Cleopatra VII
216, 218, 235, 246(n162)
Code-switching
522, 524, 528
Conversion
250(n184), 255, 430–431, 470, 471(n26), 487, 601
to Judaism
45(n36), 52, 181(n8), 462(n3), 470, 602–603
to Christianity
308(n13)
to Islam
(
Islamicisation
) 430–431, 436, 476–477
Copts
429, 430, 432, 438, 516, 518, 640(n2)
Coptic
(
Christians; ostraca; papyri
) 130(n55), 398, 402, 424, 426–430, 432, 436, 516, 523
script
518–519, 523
Coptos
269
Courts, Jewish legal
(
Jerusalem Yeshivah
) 321, 420, 424, 441–458, 465, 469, 474, 476, 479, 480, 491–510, 512, 636
Courts, Muslim legal
427–428, 480, 481, 512
Courts, royal
420, 555
Fatimid court
420, 421, 441, 444, 526,
Ayyubid court
445
Courtiers
168, 225, 229, 240(n135), 243, 377, 444–447
Cretans
65, 289, 294, 296–297
Crete
35, 200(n23), 481(n63)
Crusades, crusaders
8, 23, 24, 420, 422, 441, 448, 454, 455, 579–81, 597
Cush
34, 35, 102, 107, 599
Cuth
103
Cypros, wife of Agrippa I
265, 270, 275
Cyprus
245(n161)
Jewish revolt under Trajan
18, 347–348, 351–352, 372–373, 388
Cyrene
18, 331, 347–348, 350–352
Cyril of Alexandria
6, 21, 363
Cyrus the Persian
10, 29, 581
Dakhla
426(nn3–4)
Damascus
6, 8, 39, 494, 503, 521, 573
Damietta (Damyut)
24, 494, 571, 580
Dammūh
24, 571, 578(n38)
Daniel, Book of
224(n52), 362
Theodotion
145
Daniel al-Qumisi
448–9
Dargamana, son of Harshina (Khvarshaina)
66, 68–70
Darius I
10, 182(n10)
dating formulae
432, 523
David b. Zimra (commentator on Mishneh Torah)
636–637(n18)
Dayr al-Sūryān
434
Dead Sea Scrolls
89–112
degel
69–70, 73, 79, 80
Artabanu
70
Atropharna
69(nn54–55)
Bethelsagab
59(n56)
Haumadata
69(nn54–55), 73, 81
Iddinabu
69(nn52, 54–56), 80
Marya
70
NN
80
Nabukudurri
69, 69(nn54–56), 80, 76(n75)
Nabushezib
69(n56)
Namasava
70
Varyazata
69(nn52, 54–56), 80, 76(n75)
Deir el-Medina
90
Delaiah
60
Demetrius
182(n10)
Demetrius the Chronographer
164
Demetrius of Phalerum
223, 225, 229, 231, 238(n129), 243–245, 248
Demotic
(
see ostraca; papyri
)
de’ Rossi, Azariah
634(n12)
Deuteronomic law
50, 152
Law of the king
152
dhimmi status
6, 8, 24, 422, 423, 430, 433, 465, 467, 480(n60), 488, 492, 640, 646
Dinah
95
Diodorus of Sicily
210, 247
Dionysus
cult
182
motifs
333
Dioskourides alias Iulianus
320
Diospolis Magna (= Thebes)
306–308
Domitian
318–319, 336, 374
Drusus
266
Ecbatana
100
Ecclesiastes, Book of
145
Edfu (= Apollinopolis Magna)
4, 17, 164(n76), 307(n7), 308, 312, 316–317, 326–340, 428
Egypt passim
Jewish definition of its boundaries
36, 635–636
Egyptians
and Alexandria
375
and Jews in the papyri
305–321 (passim)
and Jewish revolt under Trajan
354, 362
depictions in Hebrew Bible, LXX, and ancient Jewish writings
2, 4, 28, 89–112 (passim), 150–172 (passim), 201–202, 207–208, 212
on Elephantine/Yeb
57–58, 60–66, 68, 71, 77
God’s judgment on Egyptians
40–42
intermarriage with
68, 71
Karaite attitudes towards
601–611
Roman perspectives
280–298 (passim)
worship of God of Israel
42, 44
Elḥanan b. Shemaryah
494–496, 503–506
El-Salamuni, Necropolis of
283
Elam
34, 35
Elazar, Rabbi
192(n33)
Eleazar (high priest in Letter of Aristeas)
144, 169
unnamed in Philo of Alexandria’s account of the Ptolemaic embassy to Jerusalem
226, 233, 239–242
Eleazar (priest, 3 Maccabees)
169–170, 186, 188
Eleazar ben Jose
353(n23)
Eleazar ben Yair
356
Eli b. Amram
452
Eli ha-Kohen ben Yeḥazkel
211(n42)
Elim
167
Elephantine (Yeb)
1–2, 4, 10–11, 44–45, 56–83, 108, 128(n50), 151–153, 205
Eliezer (Servant of Abraham)
120, 123
Emden, Jacob (Javetz)
637–639
Enoch
98
Aramaic
101, 109
Ephraim (biblical)
30–31, 155–157, 354(n26)
Ephraim b. Shemaryah
443, 447–449, 492, 496, 507–509, 512
Epistolary conventions
397–415 passim, 520, 522–526, 547, 642–643
Coptic
432, 523
Jewish
413
Eretz Israel
(
see Palestine
)
Eshem-Bethel
58(n11), 70, 78
Eshor, son of Seha (Nathan)
61, 62, 67(n43), 69(n52), 72(nn66, 70), 74, 77(n80)
Espemet
66
Essenes
89(n3), 91
Esther, Book of
145, 169, 189–190(n27), 192(n33), 359
at Oxyrhynchus
359
Greek versions of
360
Estori ha-Parḥi (French Jewish scholar, 14th century)
631–632, 637–639
Ethiopia
29, 165, 206, 388(n75), 636
Euhemereia
263–265
Euphrates
201, 202(n14), 206, 619
Eupolemus
164(n77)
Euripides
116
Eusebius
5, 132, 166, 224–225, 347–355, 369
Exodus
1, 3, 5, 29, 33, 35, 37, 40–45, 49, 101, 150–152, 157–159, 162(n70), 163–164, 166–167, 169–172, 206–208, 210, 213, 248(n175), 287–288, 293, 297
from Memphis
103
reverse
155, 168
Second Exodus
159
Exodus, Book of
92–94, 96, 100–101, 111–112, 164–165, 167–168, 201, 207, 287–288
in Jubilees
101
Ezekias (priest)
166
Ezekiel, Book of
38, 151, 172
LXX Ezekiel
154(n26)
Ezekiel, Pseudo-
103–104, 110–111
Ezekiel the Tragedian
167–168, 172(n114), 205, 213
Ezekiel b. Nethanel
551
Ezra, Book of
145, 585–587
LXX
170
Famine
association with Egyptian god Seth
294, 296
Biblical Egypt as refuge from
45, 98, 152, 162(n67), 201, 598, 598(n1), 607, 616, 617, 621, 621(n54), 623(n61)
Biblical Egypt as subject to famine
104, 152
in Roman Egypt
284
in Medieval Egypt
23, 421
Fatimids (dynasty)
7, 8, 22, 306, 420, 422, 436, 461–488 passim, 491–495, 510, 512, 514, 525–526, 546
Fatimid conquests
22, 420, 469, 491, 492, 496, 510
Fayyum (= Fayum)
263, 304, 310, 311, 317, 352(n16), 398, 408, 427, 428, 430, 571, 619
Fez
572
fiscus Iudaicus
5, 306, 316–321, 328–330, 332, 334, 336(n54), 340
“five cities of the plain” (Genesis)
45–46, 50, 94
Flaccus
16, 186(n21), 245(n158), 247(n167)
France
24, 567–568, 631
Fustat (Al-Fustat; Old Cairo;, synagogue, Ben Ezra)
6, 7, 22, 211(n42), 419, 420, 422, 425, 427, 428, 429–430, 434, 436, 441–458, 465, 474, 491–511, 513, 515, 525, 571, 576–578, 583–585, 618, 619
Gaius Caligula
16–17, 171(n107), 186(n21), 216–217, 237(n123), 252(n189), 259, 264–266, 271–273, 276, 294–297, 314–315, 335, 376(n28)
Galut
422, 615, 622, 645–646, 647
Gaon, geonim (head of yeshivah; Ha-Kohen family; Hay Gaon; Jerusalem Yeshivah; Saadya Gaon
) 434, 442, 443, 444, 447, 457, 492–510 passim, 585–586, 613(n31), 623, 628
Gaza
448, 496, 620
Genesis, Book of
92, 95, 98, 100–101, 109, 164, 201, 248
in Jubilees
101, 109
Genesis Apocryphon
98, 109–110, 205
Gennesar, Lake
204, 206(n27)
Gentiles, non-Jews
(
Christians; Muslims
) 96, 163, 187–194, 227–233, 249, 251, 313, 320, 329, 335, 339, 359, 425, 464, 641
Gerizim, Mount
353(n21)
Germanicus
266, 280, 284
Giddel
70(n61)
gizya/jizya tax
(
dhimmi status
)6
Greek
(
under papyri, ostraca
)
language
224–252 passim, 397–400, 402, 405, 410(n44), 412(n51), 424–428, 432, 430, 435, 439, 493(n6), 513, 523, 546, 621
script
518
epistolary conventions
398, 523
Hadad
151
Hadrian
18, 347, 351–352, 370–371, 374, 375(n24), 378(n39), 379, 386
Hagar
98, 170(n103), 644
al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh (Abū ʿAlī Manṣūr , Fatimid Caliph)
8, 23, 422, 464(n7), 496, 503, 504, 510, 520, 640
Ha-Kohen, family (Geonim)
447–51, 457, 459, 498
Halakhah
367, 370, 391, 394, 463, 521, 597, 601–605, 623, 624, 630, 635, 637
Ha-Levi, Judah
23, 421, 531–62, 564, 566, 568, 571, 574, 577(n36), 578(n38)
Ha-Levi, Ḥalfon
421, 537(n21)
Ḥalfon b. Manasse (scribe)
520
Ḥalfōn b. Nethanel (Cairene merchant)
547, 548, 549, 551, 553(n65), 557(n79)
al-Ḥarīrī of Basra (poet)
568
al-Harizi, Judah b. Solomon
24, 421, 566–594
Ham
467, 599, 602, 622(n56)
in Jubilees
102
land of
355, 622(n56)
Haman
181(n8), 186(n21), 192(n33), 377
Hamath
34, 35
Hananiah (in Yeb)
59, 63, 77, 81
Hanilat (deity)
58(n11)
Hanukkah
372, 381, 389
Hapi (deity)
204
Harpokrates (deity)
332, 333(n36)
Hasmoneans
12, 89, 91, 109–111, 167, 264, 266(n53), 335, 403
Alexander Jannaeus
111
Simon
110
Hathor (deity)
332, 333(n36)
Hay Gaon
492, 494, 505, 506
Hebraios as ethnic marker
425, 427, 428
Hebrew
(
Bible; names
)
language
30, 44-45, 203, 229(n85), 403–404, 410, 413, 422, 426, 427, 433–436, 470(n24), 496, 514–526, 528, 531, 532, 537(n22), 544(n37), 545, 549(n51), 550(n53,n56), 551, 566–567, 559, 562–592 (passim), 629, 631(n6), 635, 645–646
script
420, 433–435, 491–510, 512, 513, 516, 518–526, 527, 528
Hebron
102, 445, 448
Hedinna
360
Helenos son of Tryphon
314–315
Helicon
295–297
Heliconius
289, 294–295
Heliopolis
46, 94, 101, 110, 161, 287, 286(n28), 329
Heracles (and Busiris)
293
Herakleopolis
Jewish politeuma in
2, 13, 312–314
Herem-Bethel (deity)
70, 78
Hermaiscus, Acts of
379
Hermopolis letters
57, 62(29), 70(n62), 78, 79
Herod Archelaus
16, 268, 356, 357(n34)
Herod the Great
15, 201(n9), 264–265, 356
Herodotus
205(n25), 207(n28), 210–212, 293, 390(n81)
Hesiod
204, 241(n142)
Hezekiah (king of Judah)
9, 27
Hezekiah (governor of Judea)
166(n84)
Hezekiah (priest)
167
Hirom, King
288
Holy Land
(
see Palestine
)
Homer
116, 164(n74), 231–232, 241(n142), 291–292
Hor, son of Peteesi
61, 65(n39)
Horn of Africa
8, 467
Horus
328, 332–333
Edfu temple of
333
Hosea, Book of
152, 154, 172
LXX Hosea
155–157
Hypatia
21, 390
Hyrcanians
66
Hyrcanus II
14–15, 265
Iberia
(
Andalus; Spain
) 494(n7), 532, 533, 535, 536, 560, 567, 568, 571, 572, 583
Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam (Arab historian)
425, 427, 438, 469(n17), 483
Ibn al-Akfānī (physician)
469(n17), 476(n47), 485
Ibn al-Biṭrīq
427, 438
Ibn al-Māshiṭa, Daniel
590(n70), 591(n74), 593
Ibn al-Māshiṭa, David b. Saadya
589–590, 593
Ibn al-Qifṭī (encyclopaedist)
420–421
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa (traveller)
570
Ibn Buṭlān (physician)
469(n17), 476
Ibn Duqmāq (historian)
425, 427
Ibn Ezra, Moses
551(n59), 564, 566(n3), 572, 574
Ibn Gabirol, Solomon
566(n3), 574
Ibn Jubayr (Andalusian traveller)
553, 570
Ibn Khurdādhbih (Persian geographer)
435, 436
Ibn Rumāḥis
495
Ibn Saʿīd (Andalusian writer)
571(n18)
Ibn Shaʿar al-Mawṣilī (biographer)
566(n2), 592
Ibn Tibbon, Samuel
582
Ibn Ṭughj, Muḥammad (governor)
7
Ibn Tūlūn, Aḥmad (governor)
7
Ibn Verga, Solomon
567, 594
Ifriqiya
465, 495
Ikhshidid dynasty
7, 22
India, Indian
269, 419, 421, 445, 462(n3), 465, 466, 468, 473(n33), 477(n49), 479–480(n58), 559, 592
intermarriage
61, 68, 71, 101–102, 153, 354, 601–602, 610
Ionians
65
Ioudaios
(
Hebraios
)
as ethnic label
2, 308, 314, 315(n33), 425, 427
Iraq
(
Baghdad
) 431, 434, 435, 436, 463, 491, 493–495, 505, 568, 571(n18), 573, 592, 601
Iraqi script
493, 505
Isaac son of Abraham, patriarch
102, 120, 122, 123
Isaac al-Fāsī
585–586
Isaac Israeli
22, 434
Isaiah, Book of
4, 9, 13, 27–50, 92, 94–95, 154, 157–160, 202, 356, 362, 556, 644
‘city of destruction’
94
‘city of righteousness’
49–50, 94
‘city of the sun’
94
Deutero-Isaiah
35
Great Isaiah Scroll
13, 89, 94–95, 111
Isaiah Apocalypse
36
LXX
157–160
Trito-Isaiah
48
Isakis son of Straton (of Jewish family in Thebes)
306–308
Isis
58(n11), 165(n80), 210, 332, 333(n36)
in Rome
280–285, 293, 297
temple of
58
Islam
(
Muslims; conversion
) 7, 8, 422, 430, 436, 468, 469(n17), 471(n26), 476, 477, 491, 492, 559(n90), 563, 570(n17), 594, 601(n5), 644–647
Islamicisation
7, 8, 430–432, 435
Islamic conquest
21, 465
of Egypt
6, 424–426
Ismāʿīlī Shi‘a
7
Israel, biblical
29, 78
diaspora
158
and Egypt
49, 89, 92–94, 96, 98, 151–152, 154(n25), 163, 168–169, 200
in Egypt
32, 37, 41, 96–97, 156, 159, 171, 201, 208, 368
God of
28, 181, 186
high-priestly rule of
357
horn of
372, 385
as ideal
50
Kingdom of
30, 39, 56, 78, 151
Land of
43, 150, 171
and ‘mixed multitude’
354
name of
56, 82
narrative of the Hebrew Bible
83
national history of
389
people
29, 36, 42–43, 92, 99, 101–102, 105–109, 111, 144, 150, 152, 155, 160, 381
peoples of
352
slaves in Egypt
93, 97, 102
Israelites
1, 42, 97, 100, 103, 170, 172, 202, 372(n18)
Istanbul
8, 24
Italy, Italian
275–287 passim, 356n32, 381(n48), 481(n63), 487, 492, 494(n7), 645, 646
Jacob son of Abraham, patriarch
95, 102, 123(n29), 167, 338, 534(n11), 546, 598(n1)
Jaffa
452, 453
Jamnia
355
Japheth b. David b. Shekhanya
496, 507–508
Japheth b. Eli (Yefet b. Eli)
599(n2), 598–626
Japheth b. Tuvia
496
Jedaniah
Judean of Yeb
59, 63, 66–67, 76, 79
son of Mibtahiah and Eshor/Nathan
62, 67(n43), 69(n54), 72(n66), 72(n70), 73, 74, 76, 77(n80)
Jehohanan (high priest)
59(n18)
Jehoishma (in Yeb)
62
Jeremiah, prophet
92, 104–105
in Egypt
10, 104–105
like Moses
104
model for Teacher of Righteousness
105, 110
Jeremiah, Book of
1, 4, 34, 47, 151–152, 154
LXX
138–139, 160–163, 170
Jeroboam
151
Jerome
46, 266, 331
Jerusalem
14, 16, 18, 21, 23, 24, 33, 36, 49–50, 91, 151, 151(n7), 167, 169, 183, 260, 359, 384, 388–389, 413, 420, 442–449, 451, 457, 459, 491, 541, 543–546, 548, 550, 556, 560, 563, 568, 572, 573, 575, 577, 580, 581, 582(n47), 583(n52), 584, 592, 597, 600, 607, 613(n31), 627, 631, 636–637(n18)
according to Apion
288, 293
according to Appian
355
according to Philo
355
as mourning mother-city
384, 388
Achaemenid
59
Gaius Julius Alexander and
265, 270
‘city of righteousness’
49
conquest by Babylonians
10, 38, 48, 389, 403
conquest by Titus
5, 17, 260, 316, 327, 331, 378, 384–386, 389
desecration under Antiochus IV
12, 89, 101, 158, 386(n69)
Egyptian Jews’ perspectives
354–356
Hasmonaean
12, 89, 109–111
in 3 Maccabees
169, 179, 182–183
in Apocryphon of Jeremiah
104
in Dead Sea Scrolls
91, 106, 109
in Ezekiel
151
in Jubilees
102, 109
in Letter of Aristeas
168–169, 229, 233, 240, 241
in Pseudo-Hecataeus
167
in Tobit
99
letters from Fustat to Jerusalem
211(n42)
Pilgrimage to
270, 421, 449–51, 459, 541, 556, 560, 562, 564, 565, 568, 570
Ptolemy II and
168–169, 225, 229, 239–242
Second Temple
10, 99, 106–107, 109, 112, 240–241, 270–271, 293
Temple
10, 169, 179, 293, 367, 373, 377, 389
Temple tax
316
worship in
36
Yeshiva in
420, 441–58, 492, 496, 503, 507
Jezaniah (in Yeb)
61, 69(nn52, 54), 75
Joazar (priest)
356
Job, Book of
600
LXX
145
Jochabed
97
John, St, the Almsgiver
427, 438
John of Brienne
580
John of Nikiu
427, 438
Jonathan b. Saul ha-Kohen of Lunel, Rabbi
582, 589
Joppa
355, 356(n31)
Jordan, River
42, 205, 548
East Jordan
78
Joseph (son of Jacob the patriarch)
45, 92, 96, 97n44, 100–102, 151, 164–165, 171(n107), 201, 239(n133), 336, 338, 354 571, 598(n1), 612–613
bones of
98(n46)
in Jubilees
97(n44)
Egyptian name – Sefantifanes
101
Joseph (father of Jesus)
201(n9)
Joseph and Aseneth
105, 109(n88), 354(n26)
Joseph b. Baruch, Rabbi
589
Joseph b. Noah (Yūsuf b. Nūḥ, Karaite commentator)
597, 607
Josephus
3–5, 16–18, 89(n3), 109, 109(n88), 163(n73), 166–167, 170(n103), 264(n37), 264(n38), 264(n39), 355–362
on Alexander ‘the Alabarch’
259–277
on Apion
282–298 (passim), 352(n189)
on Hecataeus of Abdera
166
on Jew-hatred
190
on Egyptian Jews
306, 314, 331, 337(n56), 351(n14), 353(n21), 355–362
on Leontopolis
329(n19)
on the Letter of Aristeas
224(n53)
on the Nile
204–206
on Onias IV
110
Joshua
45, 331
Joshua ben Peraḥyah
368
Josiah
9, 151
Jubilees, Book of
97, 98, 100–102, 104, 109–111
Judaea (Judea)
18, 109, 168, 347–348, 353–363
and Egypt
348, 354–359
Hasmonean
265, 336
high priest of
233, 239
Jews of
353
‘liberty’ of
362
provenance from
308, 361
Ptolemaic administration of
241(n138)
refugees from
337, 362–363
Roman
16, 17, 272, 353
under Trajan
347
Judean, Judeans
2, 10, 11, 29, 40, 42, 49, 56–83, 84, 85, 151(n5), 152, 161–163, 169, 173, 287, 372, 388, 395, 403
Judaeo-Arabic
1, 210(n40), 422, 432–436, 470, 509(n30), 514–526 (passim), 536, 547, 557(n79), 567, 572, 592, 635, 643
Judaeo-Persian
494
Judaeo-Sufis
590
Judah
30–31, 39, 151
Achaemenid
60, 63
and Egypt
40–42, 151, 335
fall of
108(n85)
governor of
60, 63
Jeremiah in
104
kingdom/province of
27–28, 30, 39–42, 56, 78, 104, 151
people
163
remnant of
163
return to
29
society of
40
territory
159, 162
Judah ben Tabbai
356
Judaism
(
Karaites; Rabbanites
) 22, 82–83, 106, 135, 145, 164(n76), 181, 203, 213, 270(n83), 273, 305, 308(n13), 368, 400, 407(n33), 441, 448, 466–468, 470, 473, 492–493, 601–604, 611(n26), 618, 623(n62, 625–626, 630
Judas the Galilaean
356–357, 362
Judas Maccabaeus
189(n27), 335, 358
Judith, Book of
100, 201, 201(n10)
Julia Augusta
263, 267–268
Julius Caesar
15, 235(n113), 265–267, 349
Kabbalah
495, 642
Kalām
599, 600, 603(n8), 615(n35), 625, 626
al-Kāmil, al-Mālik (Ayyubid sultan)
580
Karaites
22, 420, 443, 448, 449(n38), 459, 460, 466, 492, 494, 495, 499, 514, 519, 525, 527, 597–626, 627, 628, 645
Karanis
319
Kerkesephis
310–311
Kerkeosiris
310
Keturah
170(n103)
Khayr b. Nuʿaym (judge in Fustat)
427–428
Khwarezmian
65
Khnum (deity)
blessings in the name of
70
gardener of
58(n10), 61, 67
‘Khnum city’
63
oath before
59(n13)
priests of
58, 61, 63, 68
sacrifice for
58(n11)
servant of
58(n10)
temple of
58, 61–63, 71
Khurasan
435, 439
al-Kindī
425, 428, 431, 438
Kitos War
1
Konaiah, son of Zadak (in Yeb)
69(n54), 72(n66), 72(n70), 73, 76(n74), 77(n80)
Krokodilopolis (= Krokodilon polis = Arsinoe-Crocodopolis)
153(n18), 319
Laban
120, 123
Lamentations Rabbah
371–387, 390
Land of Israel
(
see Palestine
)
Law, Islamic
464(n7), 465, 468–469, 470, 476–477, 480–481, 488
Law, Jewish
(
courts, Jewish legal
) 422, 462–464, 469, 471, 473, 474, 475, 477–478, 481, 491–510, 629–638
Leah (matriarch)
123(n29)
Lebanon
102
Leontopolis
3–4, 13, 18, 48–50, 107, 110–111, 158–159, 312–314, 326, 353
Levi (son of Jacob the patriarch)
Aramaic traditions on
95–97, 101–102, 109
Libya
107, 348, 465
Literacy
407, 408, 493, 518–519, 526
and Bible
519, 526
Livia Julia Augusta
268, 291, 293, 297
Lucuas
350–351
Lulianus the Alexandrian
359
Lupus
(
see Rutilius Lupus
)
Lysimachus
260–262, 267, 277
Lysimachus (author)
287
Maccabees
89, 109, 335, 386–387(n69), 389
Maccabaean Revolt
109
Maghreb, Maghrebi
(
Africa, North
) 7, 446, 474(n37), 491, 492, 506, 508–510, 516, 517, 570, 574
Maghrebi script
493, 506, 508–510
dialectal features
516, 517, 518, 592
Magian
65, 67
Magius Maximus, M.
219
Mahseiah
61, 66, 68–69, 76(nn74–75)
son of Jedaniah
69(n54), 72(n66), 72(n70), 73, 76, 77(n80)
son of Mibtahiah (daughter of Mahseiah) and Eshor/Nathan
72(n66), 72(n70), 74, 76(n74), 77
Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon)
23, 420–422, 461, 462–463(n4), 464, 465, 468, 469, 470, 474, 476(n45), 477, 478(n52), 478(n53), 482, 486, 567, 568, 570–571(n22), 576, 579, 581–591, 593, 594, 629–639
Abraham Maimonides
23, 453, 465, 469(n20), 471, 477, 570, 575, 567, 568, 582–584, 590, 593, 594
David Maimonides
421, 631(n7)
Obadiah and David (grandsons of Moses Maimonides)
631(n7)
Samuel, Rabbi, supposed grandson of Moses Maimonides
631–632
Malchiah, son of Jashobiah
70
Malīj
448, 452–453
Mamluks (dynasty)
8, 24, 422, 464–465(n8), 469, 480, 482, 525–526, 571, 640–647
Manasseh
in 4QPesher Nahum
107
Israelite king
107
Manetho
163(n73)
al-Maqrīzī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī
425, 427, 438, 464(n7)
Marcius Turbo
351–354
Mardochaeus
359(n43), 360
Mariamne the Hasmonean
264, 266
Mariamne, daughter of Agrippa I
268
Mark Antony
15, 218, 266
Martial
318
Martyr, martyrs
385(n67), 390, 392, 432
Jewish
142–143, 359, 376, 377(n33), 384–388
Pagan
305, 315(n33), 377(n33), 378, 379
Mary (mother of Jesus)
201(n9)
Maryut, Lake (Mareotic Lake)
247(n169), 446
Mattan son of Jashobiah (at Yeb)
59(n19)
Matthew, Gospel of
201
Mauziah
59(n19)
Mecca
570, 572
Mede
65, 67
Meir of Clisson, Rabbi
582(n47), 589
Meir b. Sheshet
582
Meir ha-Levi Abulafia
582
Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael
632–634
memory, cultural
216–253, 367–391
Memphis
63, 103, 305, 314
Menaḥem b. Isaac ibn Shōshān he-Ḥasid (Dayyan)
579
Mendes, Mendesian nome
205
Merchants, mercantile activity, traders
7, 8, 154(n24), 269, 284, 355, 419–422, 434, 444–447, 456, 462(n3), 464(n7), 465, 466, 467(n33), 468, 470, 491–492, 507–510, 516–517, 519–520, 522–525, 537(n21), 547, 553, 559–560, 629, 635–636, 641
Meshullam, son of Zaccur (at Yeb)
61, 62, 69(n54), 72(nn66, 68,70), 74, 76(n74), 77
Mesopotamia
18, 78, 99–100, 102, 108, 150, 347–348, 351, 568
messianism in Egypt
160, 348, 361–363
Mibtahiah (Miptahiah)
Family archives of
56–83 (passim)
Micaiah (at Yeb)
70(n61)
Midrash, midrashic
37, 168, 173, 212(n48), 368–375, 378, 380–381, 384–385, 403, 409, 584, 612(n29), 625, 632, 633, 645
Miptahiah, daughter of Gemariah
74, 75, 76, 79
Miriam, sister of Moses
93, 96, 384
Song of Miriam
94
Mishneh Torah
(
Index of Sources under Maimonides
) 422, 461, 462(n4), 466, 474, 477, 589, 635, 636(n17), 636(n18)
Moab
39, 604, 634
Morocco
420
Moses
3, 11, 42, 93–94, 96–98, 101–102, 104, 109, 126, 135, 144, 163–169, 201, 207–209, 292(n43), 295(n57), 354(n27), 539, 566, 571, 578, 610(n23) 611, 613, 641
drawing of
319
Hebrew name
96
and priesthood of Heliopolis
287–288
at Mount Sinai
101
Passover instructions
93
Song of the Sea
92–94
identified as Egyptian priest
163
as lawgiver
140, 143–144, 146, 217, 225–252 (passim) 591
in Philo’s Life of Moses
217, 226–252
Moses b. Judah of Alexandria (R. Moses Grasso)
24, 641–647
Moses of Coucy (French Tosafist)
629
Mourners of Zion
448, 459, 623(n62)
Münster, Sebastian
629–630, 639
al-Muqaddasī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad Shams al-Dīn (traveller)
491
Muslim, Muslims
2, 6, 8, 22, 24, 368, 419, 420, 422, 424, 425, 429–436, 443, 448, 451(n47), 455, 467, 468, 470, 516–518, 520, 523, 541, 559(n89), 562, 564, 566(n2), 568, 570–571, 580, 590, 600, 640, 644, 647
relations with
422, 430–435, 440, 455–456, 464, 465, 476–477, 479–481, 492, 503, 520, 522, 525–526, 551(n61), 580–581, 599–600(n2), 640–647
al-Mustanṣir (Fatimid Caliph)
444, 466(n12)
Muʿtazilite theology
599–600, 603, 610, 615, 617, 625
Mysos-Hormos
269
Nablus
455–456
Nabu
57, 58(n10), 70
Nagid, negidim, Nagidate
23, 447, 453–454, 472, 546, 555, 556, 583(n50), 641
Nahray ben Nissim
23, 447
Nakhthor (in Syene)
64
Names (as ethnic-religious markers)
2, 6, 56–83 (passim), 84, 97, 263–265, 269, 305–321 (passim), 323, 325, 326–340 (passim), 341, 359(n42), 365, 400, 402, 416, 426–429, 433, 434, 435–436, 618
Naphaina (in Yeb)
63
Nasir-i Khusraw
467–468(n13)
Nebuchadnezzar
100, 181–182, 201(n10), 613, 633
Nehemiah
10, 31
Nehemiah, Book of
145
LXX
170
Nehoray ben Nissim
211(n42)
Neilos (divinity)
200, 204
Neilou
311
Nemesion of Philadelpheia
311
Neoplatonism
7
Nergal
70
Nerva
18, 298, 320, 374
Nicanor
189(n27)
Nicanor archive
269
Nile, River
1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 56, 71, 153(n18), 199–215, 247(n170), 269, 357(n36), 368, 388, 418, 419, 420, 424, 427, 453, 467, 491, 550, 551, 576, 577–578, 619–620, 625
Delta
8, 18, 201, 204–207, 211(n43), 215, 312, 356, 418, 424, 427, 446, 453, 455, 516, 526, 580
annual rise
202, 203, 205, 207–213, 445, 571, 580, 621
poetic imagery involving
551–552
Nineveh
99
‘Nō Ammōn’ (medieval Jewish term for Alexandria)
453, 575, 577, 579
Nubia, Nubians
430, 432, 437, 575
Nūr al-Dīn
8
Obadiah of Bertinoro, Rabbi
24, 641, 645–646
Octavian
(
see Augustus
)
On (Heliopolis)
161
Oniads
89, 92, 101, 105–112, 158, 159
Oniad priesthood
92, 110, 158
Onias IV
13, 14, 48, 50, 106, 107, 110–112, 158, 312, 314, 362
Land of Onias
326(n1), 329(n19)
Temple of Onias
(
Leontopolis
) 92, 101, 105–109, 110(n90), 112(n95), 326(n1), 353, 362
‘House of Peleg’
106, 107, 107(n78)
Ananias, son of Onias IV
14, 111(n93)
Onias and Dositheus, sons of
107, 110
Onnophris of Euhemereia
263
Orosius
347
Orsenouphis son of Aphrodisios
263
Orthography
307, 524
Osiris
58(n11), 66, 202(n12), 208(n32)
tomb of
293
Osiritis (plant)
291, 292(n43)
Ostanes, brother of Anani
59(n18)
Ostraca Arabic
425, 436
Aramaic
337
Demotic
306–7, 316, 327(n8), 337, 338(n61)
Greek
269, 306–340 passim, 341, 354, 428
Ottomans
8, 24, 526, 646
Oxyrhynchus
310
celebration of victory over the Jews
306, 320–321, 354(n24)
Jews in
306(n5), 320
Book of Esther in
359
Pact of ʿUmar
433, 436, 438, 440, 646
Pakhnum, son of Besa (at Yeb)
65
Palestine (Eretz Israel; Land of Israel; Holy Land)
1, 3–5, 7–8, 11–12, 15, 63, 78, 89(n3), 99, 109–110, 112, 117, 158, 160–161, 164(n77), 201, 203–204, 211, 284, 287(n26), 305, 316, 331, 339, 378(n37), 383, 386, 402, 406, 411, 412, 419, 420, 421, 423, 427, 433, 441–458, 461(n2), 474(n39), 494(n7), 532, 534, 535, 536, 549, 553, 555(n76), 558, 563, 564, 567, 568, 570, 571(n22), 573, 574, 575, 581, 583, 588, 589, 592, 594, 604, 614, 618, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 630, 631, 634(n12), 639, 640(n1), 647
Palestinian Jews
legal practices and scribal culture
(
Synagogues
) 495–510 passim
Pappus
359
Paper
494, 511
Papyri
1, 2, 5, 6, 90, 91, 111, 112, 210(n40), 283, 397–416, 419, 424–440
as evidence for Jews in Egypt
305–321, 326–340, 349–354, 424–436
Arabic
6, 419, 424, 425, 429–430, 431–434, 436, 437
Aramaic
56–83, 397–415, 426(n3), 427
Christian Palestinian Aramaic
426
Coptic
397, 398, 424, 428, 429, 432, 436, 523
Demotic
2, 5, 58, 317–318, 397
Elephantine
56–83, 128(n50)
Greek
5, 91, 112, 220(n24), 221, 259, 262(n28), 263, 264, 267, 268(nn62, 67), 269(n73), 274, 278, 286, 289, 298, 305–325, 326, 327, 332, 337, 340, 341, 342, 349, 350, 351, 353, 354, 355, 359, 363(n59), 364, 390(n80), 393, 397, 399–400, 424, 427, 428–429, 432
Hebrew
103, 107(n82), 404, 406, 407, 408, 410, 413, 426(n3), 427, 439
Judaeo-Arabic
433–434, 436
Qumran
90, 103, 112, 113
Syriac
426
Parchment
1, 494, 511
Passover
93, 167, 461
Haggadah
168
letter to community on Yeb
60
Pathros
34, 35, 45
Paulina, story of
283, 284, 292–293
‘Peleg, House of’
(
see Onias IV
)
Pekah (king)
156(n34)
Pelusium
102(n66), 103, 349, 351, 356
Peripatetics
131–135
Persecution
of Jews in Egypt
4–5, 8, 13, 16, 18, 21, 164, 179–186, 192, 216, 259, 281(n4), 295, 435, 640
of Jews by Al-Mohads (Maghreb and Andalusia)
420
of Jews in Palestine
158
of non-Muslims in Egypt
23, 422, 496, 503–504, 510
Persia
514(n2), 592
Persians (Achaemenid)
2, 4, 10, 11, 29, 31, 56–84 passim, 152, 339, 410, 413
Persians (Sasanian)
21, 311, 427, 435
Persian-Turkish troops
431
Peshitta
46
Petaus, son of Thamastos (at Edfu)
316
Phalaris
183
Pharaoh
Chenephres
165, 166
Neco
151, 317
time of Abraham
98, 101, 151, 610, 617(n40)
time of Joseph
45, 92, 101, 109(n88), 201
time of Moses
42, 165, 166, 168–169, 169(n100), 171, 186, 193, 201, 208, 645
Pharos
(
see Alexandria
)
Philistia
35, 39
Philistines
30
Philo of Alexandria
3, 4, 5, 16, 17, 89(n3), 93–94, 99–100, 109(n88), 116–132, 140, 144–145, 153(n18), 170(n103), 171–172, 186(n21), 190, 204, 206, 209–213, 216–253, 259–277, 296–297, 305–306, 314, 355, 357–358, 360, 362, 370, 379(n40), 382, 389(n77), 603
Phinehas
358
Phoenicia
35
Pia (or Peu), son of Pahi (or Pahe/Pakhoi)
61, 81
Pilgrimage
43, 249, 355, 421, 449–454, 531–562 passim, 568, 570
to Jerusalem; see Jerusalem
to Mecca
570
to synagogue of Dammūh
571, 578(n38)
Pilti (Pelatiah), son of Ananiah
62(n27)
Pisidian
66
plague
5, 18, 23, 280–298, 347, 421, 503,
and anti-Egyptian prejudice
285, 293
Antonine plague
284, 285
association with Egyptian god Seth
294, 296
Jews as plague-sowers
284, 288, 296–298
under Tiberius
285
metaphor in Letter of Claudius to the Alexandrians
286–288
associated with Alexandria
247
in Exodus from Egypt
(
see Exodus
) 41–42, 165, 167, 171(n107), 201, 206- 209, 212, 212(n48), 287–288, 299, 347, 615
other biblical references to
98, 287, 287(n23), 610–611, 617(n40)
Plato
116, 241
Pliny the Elder
207(n28), 219, 285–292 passim, 383(n56)
Plutarch
223–244, 234(n110), 251
Poetry
30, 33, 116(n2), 116(n4), 125–126, 158(n49), 164, 167, 174, 220–221, 232, 246(n162), 246(n163), 252–253, 292, 385, 389–390, 407–408, 421, 531–565, 566–592, 641, 643, 644
Pompey the Great
287, 349
Pompey’s monument near Alexandria
349, 352
Popillius Laenas
12, 103
Politeuma
321
of Herakleopolis
2, 13, 312–314
Pompeia Plotina
374, 379, 384, 388
Posidippus
219–220, 246(n162), 246(n163)
Potiphar’s wife
151
proseuchai (prayer-houses; Synagogues
) 153, 216, 351(n15)
Provence
567, 568, 572(n26), 582, 588, 589, 631
Proverbs, Book of
116–149
Psalms (biblical)
385–386, 522, 557, 638
LXX
137, 139-140
Psalms of Solomon
361
Pseudo-Clement
(
see Clementine Homilies
)
Pseudo-Hecataeus
166–167
Ptah (deity)
58(n11), 209
Ptolemaic army
under Ptolemy VI Philometor
104
Ptolemaic court
170(n102)
Ptolemaic dynasty
43, 108, 153, 167, 238–239, 252
Philo’s perspective
3, 5, 216–253
Ptolemaic Jewish friendship
3, 4, 153, 180, 353
Ptolemaic kingdom
103
Ptolemaic patriotism
349, 353
Ptolemy I Soter (Ptolemy son of Lagos)
96, 166, 220(n23), 231, 236
Ptolemy II Philadelphus
168–169, 216–253 (passim)
in Philo’s Life of Moses
226–253 (passim)
Ptolemy III Euergetes I
153(n18)
Ptolemy IV Philopator
100, 164, 169, 179–194
Ptolemy VI Philometor
135, 224–225, 312
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II
166, 222–223
Ptolemy IX Lathyrus
14, 338
Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony)
218
Ptolemy Macron (Seleucid)
189(n27)
Pul
103
Put
107
‘PWLY/YNBWLY, son of Misdaya (at Yeb)
67
Pyramids
571
Pyramid texts
202(n12), 209(n34)
Qahat
97
Qasr el-Banat
263
Qayrawan
420, 434, 492(n4), 508
Qaytūriyya
572
al-Qirqisani, Yaʿqub (Iraqi Karaite)
22, 599(n2), 601–603, 607–608, 613(n31), 616–617, 626
Queen of Heaven
57
Qumran
4, 13, 48, 50, 89–112 (passim), 154(n24), 161
Qurʾan
422, 562, 601(n5)
Qurra b. Sharīk (governor)
429
Rabbanite, Rabbanites
443, 448–449, 453, 495, 514, 525, 598(n1), 602, 605, 623, 624(n63), 645
Rabbis
6, 19, 154(n25), 181(n8), 270, 367–391, 403, 433, 496, 504, 547, 567, 582, 589
immigration of from Europe
23, 24, 567, 583, 594
Rabshakeh (the)
28, 151(n10)
Rachel (matriarch)
123(n29)
Rages
100
Ramah
104
Ramla
446, 457, 504
Rebecca (matriarch)
120, 122, 123
Rechabites
162
Red Sea
93, 165, 171(n107), 186, 269, 467, 539, 558, 580–581, 619, 632
Rhinocolura
356(n31)
Rome
5,6, 12, 15, 21, 112, 221–222, 253, 259(n5), 260–273 passim, 288–298 passim, 328, 347–359, 374, 379–380, 386
expulsion of Jews and Isis followers
280–285
Temple of Jupiter
316–317
anti-Romanism
353–356
Rule of the Community
107–108, 111
Rutilius Lupus
351–353, 359
Saadya Gaon
22, 434, 447, 498–499, 585–586. 619, 620
Saba
205
Sabbath
133, 288, 293, 305, 317, 330(n23)
Sahl b. Maṣlīʾaḥ (Karaite exegete)
606(n13)
Sahlān b. Abraham
496, 506–507
Saite period
66
Saladin, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn (Yusūf ibn Ayyūb)
8, 23, 580–581
Salamis
348, 351
Salt tax
309
Samareia (village of)
Jews in
310–311
Samaria
Achaemenid
60, 63, 78, 151(n5)
Hasmonean era
89
Samarians
56
Samaritan, Samaritans
31, 96, 101, 108, 114, 310–311, 353(n21), 645
anti-Samaritan polemic
101(n55)
Samaritan Pentateuch
101
Samson of Sens, Rabbi
589
Samuel b. Avtalion
496
Samuel b. Hananyah (Nagid of Cairo)
546, 548(n47), 555–556
Samuel of Qalamun, Apocalypse of
432
Sanballat
63
Sarai/Sarah (matriarch)
92, 98–99, 101–102, 125(n41), 151, 607–610
Sargon
27
Sargon II
100
Sati (deity)
61, 70
Satis, temple of
58
Schedia
153(n18)
scribal practice
89–112 (passim)
Scribes
47(n44), 50, 58, 59, 76–77, 91, 94, 111, 112, 145, 149, 263, 267, 295, 329(n21), 404, 407, 408, 414, 446, 492–511, 519–520, 527, 642, 643
Scripts
(
Hebrew; Judaeo-Arabic
)
North African
509, 512
Sea of Egypt
33
Sefantifanes
(
see Joseph
)
Sefarad, Sefardi
422, 536
Seleucid kingdom
103
Seleucids
12, 13, 43, 158, 160, 168, 293(n50), 376
Seleucus IV
182(n10)
Seljuks
420, 454
Sennacherib
28, 100
Septimius Severus
320
Septuagint (LXX)
11, 41, 46–50, 116–149 (passim), 150–173 (passim), 203–204, 217, 224–226, 229–251 (passim), 305, 313–314, 359–362, 370, 382–383
Sesostris
166
Seth, enemy of Osiris
208(n32), 294, 296
Shalmeneser
99, 100
Shamash (deity)
58(n11), 70
Shatibara (at Yeb)
67, 69(n52), 70
Shechem
95–96
Shem
102
Shemaryah b. Elḥanan
492, 495–503, 511, 512
Sherira b. Ḥananya (Gaon)
495
Shim’on Bar-Yoḥai
353, 363, 379
Shinar
35
sibling-marriage
235
Sibylline Oracles
354, 361–362
Sicarii
5, 18, 356
Sicily
419, 494(n7)
Sidonians
65, 70
Simeon (son of Jacob the patriarch)
95, 102(n60)
Simon (high priest, 3 Maccabees)
169, 183
Sirach
Prologue to
97(n45)
Slavery
Biblical institution of
462–463
of Hebrews in Egypt
1, 92, 93, 96, 97, 101(n58), 102, 151, 168, 171, 201, 239(n133), 598, 615, 632, 644, 645
Jewish, in Egypt
3, 18, 100, 166(n84), 168–169, 184, 189–190(n27), 225, 229, 236(n117), 237(n124), 241, 331, 335, 422, 644
Jewish ownership of slaves
65, 334, 340(n74), 342–343, 422, 461–488
Sobthis (village)
314
Socrates (Christian)
348, 363
Solomon
126, 132–135, 144–145, 152, 288
Solomon Ibn Ṣaqbel
559(n87)
Spain
(
Andalusia; Iberia; Sefarad
) 419, 420, 421, 422, 463, 492, 532, 566, 567, 571, 581–582, 588, 631
Strabo
16, 205(n25), 207(n28), 218–219, 223–224, 246 (n163–164), 314, 356(n31)
Straton son of Straton (of Jewish family in Thebes)
306–308
‘Street of the King’
62
Sud, River
105(n70)
Suetonius
280–282, 284, 286, 318
Sufis, Sufism
(
Judaeo-Sufism
) 571(n21), 573, 585, 590
Sunbāṭ
455
Sur, River
105
Syene
(
Aswan
) 56–83 (passim)
Syenians
65, 72–73, 80, 82
Symmachus
46, 129
Synagogues
(
proseuchai
) 153(n18), 319, 320(n46), 339(n67), 369, 404, 414, 420, 424, 427, 435, 439, 443, 455, 503, 519, 571, 578(n38), 634(n11)
Alexandrian basilica-synagogue
349, 351, 369, 373, 380, 389, 634(n11)
Babylonian congregation in Egypt
420, 435, 492, 493, 503–507
Ben Ezra synagogue, Fustat
22, 23, 436, 465, 491–510 (passim)
Palestinian synagogue and congregation in Egypt
420, 447, 448, 449, 452, 456, 465, 501–507, 510
Synesius, bishop of Cyrene
348
Syria
7, 8, 14, 18, 35, 57(n1), 66(n40), 78, 89(n3), 95, 103, 158, 160, 166, 284, 286, 287, 310, 341, 355, 357(n36), 359, 363, 419, 434, 436, 438, 466(n12), 483, 491, 494(n7), 568, 571(n18), 592
as symbol
166
Syriac
210(n40), 402, 426, 434, 435
Syria-Palestine
78
Syrian Orthodox Christians
434, 436
Tacitus
264(n37), 280–282, 284, 297–298, 347
Tahpanhes
104
Takrit
435
Talmud
499, 516, 551(n61), 565, 587, 631
Babylonian
276(n99), 278, 353(n23), 368(n4), 369, 371, 378, 384(n62), 385, 392, 393, 403, 427, 495, 497(n18), 498, 631–632, 642(n11)
Palestinian
154(n24), 349, 351(n15), 356(n32), 363(n56), 368, 369, 371, 385, 421, 493–494, 495(n6), 551, 634, 635
Tamar
102(n60)
Tamet (Tapemet), daughter of Patu (at Yeb)
61
wife of Ananiah
61–62, 67
Targum
46–47, 404, 405, 408, 410(n44), 416, 493, 544(n37), 562, 619
Teacher of Righteousness
105, 110
Tebtynis (= Tebtunis)
5
Jews in
307, 310, 311, 313(n29), 317–319
Terah
102(n60)
Thales of Miletus
210
Thebaid
17, 272, 330, 339
under Trajan
340(n76), 348
Thebes (= Diospolis Magna)
63, 306–308, 339
Theocritus
220–221, 223(n44–45), 231–232, 236–239, 251–252
Theodotion
46
Theogonis
Jews in
311
Theon
221, 289
Therapeutae
93, 99, 326
Thoth
209
Tiberias
447, 592
Tiberius (emperor)
16, 17, 264, 267–268, 272–274, 280–298 passim
Titus (emperor)
18, 316, 318, 321, 374
Tlemcen
474(n37), 572
Tobiads
3, 12
Tobit, Book of
91(n21), 96(n40), 99–100, 108
possible composition in Egypt
100, 108
Torah (Pentateuch)
2–3, 11, 92–94, 97(n45), 111, 117, 132, 135–138, 145, 152–154, 164, 169, 181(n8), 200–201, 204, 217(n8), 224–225, 243(n148), 251(n186), 270, 276–277, 313, 354, 361–362, 372, 380, 382
Tosafists
582(n47), 589, 629
Tosefta
367, 369, 373, 410, 413, 634
Traders
(
see under merchants
)
Trajan
1, 5, 6, 18, 154(n25), 298, 369–391, 633, 634
Jewish Revolts under
18, 306, 317, 319–321, 340, 347–363
Transeuphratene
63
Treatise of Shem
210
Trikomia (villages of)
308–310
Tulunid dynasty
7, 22
Tunisia
420, 465, 492, 508, 509, 572
Turkey
592
al-Tustarī, Abraham and Ḥesed
444
Typhon
(
see Seth
) 294
Tyre
38, 292, 504
Ummayads (dynasty)
22
Unleavened Bread, festival of
60
Uriah (prophet)
152, 161
Vespasian
17, 18, 260, 305, 316, 318, 321, 328, 353, 374, 386
Vidranga
63
Wadī al-Naṭrūn
434
Wisdom
125, 126(n43), 127, 129, 130–131, 133–135, 143
Wisdom of Solomon
116–117, 140–142, 144–145, 170–172, 206, 209
WBYL, daughter of Shatibara (at Yeb)
67
Women, Jewish
6, 69, 99, 182, 272, 309, 310, 367, 372, 373, 381(n48), 384, 387, 388, 397–415, 422, 452, 454, 457, 466, 468(n15), 471, 472, 473–476, 478, 480, 481, 642
Yaḥad
89, 92, 105–107, 110–112
Yeb
(
see Elephantine
)
Yemen
592, 593
Yefet ben ʿEli: see Japheth ben Eli
Yoḥanan
161–162
Zadok
48(n46)
al-Zahir (Fatimid Caliph)
22, 422, 444, 466
al-Ẓāhirī, Zechariah
592, 593
Zealots
in Alexandria
357–361
Zechariah
32
Deutero-Zechariah
32
Zion
37, 49, 50, 158, 384, 531-562 passim, 578, 581, 623