Index
Abaqa (Ilkhanid ruler)
21–24, 29, 304
Abbasid caliphate
17, 57, 85, 110, 178, 190, 240, 334
ʿAbd Allāh Tabbākh, Shahāb al-Dīn
41
Abhar al-ʿāshiqīn
219
Abish Khātūn (Salghurid princess)
20, 23–24, 31
Abū Bakr b. Saʿd I (Salghurid ruler)
10–19, 21, 90–92, 97, 101, 109, 110–112, 114–115, 123–133, 150, 157, 218–20, 291, 304–305, 458, 460n24, 488, 496n102, 502, 522
Salghurid dynasty
Abū Ḥulmān
261
Abū Nuwās
196n113
Abū Saʿīd (Ilkhanid ruler)
22, 446
Abū Saʿīd b. Abī al-Khayr
249–50, 495n100
Ādāb al-murīdīn (Abū al-Najīb Suhravardī)
475n50
Adam
94, 138, 155, 263, 272, 274
aesthetics
1, 7–8, 16, 28, 46, 53, 58, 66–69, 84–85, 93, 141,150, 170, 210–11, 225, 242–43, 395, 397, 462
spiritual
22, 73, 135, 216, 219, 230, 255–59, 280, 289, 291–92, 313–16, 346–47, 363, 415, 404, 437–38, 444–45, 465–66, 472–73
Aḥmad Tegüder
23–24
Akhlāq-i nāṣirī see Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī
ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad Fariyūmadī (Ilkhanid minister)
22, 30, 446
Saʿdi: Sufi lodge
ʿālam-i qudrat (world of divine power)
292–93, 295
ghayb
Alexander the Great (Iskandar)
362, 392–95, 397, 439, 470, 522
Greek and Chinese painters
Altājū (Ilkhanid commander)
19
Amīn al-Dīn Baliyānī
491
Amīn al-Dīn Ḥājī Bulah
471–73, 483
Amīr Inkiyānū (Ilkhanid governor)
21–22, 304
Amīr Khusraw of Delhi
24, 75n45, 234, 472n42
Amīr Muʿizzī
92, 194–95, 197, 370–71
Amīr Muqarrab al-Dīn Masʿūd (Salghurid vizier)
19
ʿAmmāra, Abū Manṣūr (Samanid poet)
249–50
amrad (beardless boy)
403, 406, 413
homoeroticism; shāhid
Anatolia
7, 9, 23n78, 212, 217, 504
Anvarī
156, 175n61, 178, 380, 402, 469n38
Arabic poetry
90n80, 178, 240, 482
Udhri poetry
178, 240
Arghun (Ilkhanid ruler)
24
ʿārif (Gnostic, mystic, spiritual beholder)
8, 151, 201, 271–72, 275–77, 280–81, 297–98, 360, 411–12, 432, 467, 509
maʿrifa
Avicenna’s definition
298–99, 345–48
asceticism (zuhd)
59, 114, 232, 271, 297–99, 345, 366, 417–19, 456–57, 474–75, 487–91, 493, 509
Ashʿarism
228n52, 229, 236, 239, 265n71, 288, 318n50
Asīr al-Dīn Akhsīkatī
471
Asrār al-tawḥīd
249–50
ʿAṭāʾī
220n21
ʿAṭṭār
76n47, 225, 260n54, 362–63, 372, 494n98
comparison with Saʿdi
257n49, 260n54, 334–35, 362, 363n26, 380, 424–25, 469n38
Austin, John Langshaw
159, 179–80, 445, 472n42, 501–502
speech acts
Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā)
8, 21, 211, 227, 231, 263n62, 282–83, 297–98
Active Intellect (al-ʿaql al-faʿʿāl)
299n65, 319–21, 323, 326n73 331–32, 346, 355, 356, 370n42, 375n75, 387, 413, 423
Aristotelian influences
164, 229, 263, 266, 299, 314–15, 318, 320, 325n72, 336n96, 356, 520
al-Ishārāt wa al-tanbīhāt (Pointers and Reminders)
280n22, 302–305, 324, 345, 374, 412–13
brain anatomy
323, 325–26, 329–30, 353–54, 375–76, 396, 478–79, 481, 483, 492
common sense (al-ḥiss al-mushtarak)
325–30, 333–32, 346, 357, 361, 364, 376, 387, 393, 396, 409, 412, 417
compositive imagination (takhayyul)
328–31, 336, 353–54, 356, 365, 369, 376, 396, 417, 420, 507
Correct Guessing (ḥads)
343–45, 410–11
cosmology
8–9, 231, 293–94, 321–22, 340, 348–51, 354, 355–57, 360–61, 366n33, 374, 375n57, 381, 388, 405n35, 414–15, 423–24, 461, 473
Dānish-nāma (Book of Knowledge)
323–24, 365, 369, 374, 376
Epistle on Love
263n62, 266, 306n22, 312–20, 402
estimative faculty (wahm)
330–33, 335–38, 358, 376–77, 433–34, 479–80
intellection and cognition
298–99, 304, 354–57, 359–60
intellect or rational soul
231, 294, 298, 305, 313, 319–20, 366, 413, 464
heart
intelligibles
320–21, 326, 331, 334, 344–45, 354–56, 369, 387
internal senses
8, 164, 168n45, 203, 211, 230, 265, 282–86, 300, 303n7, 306, 324–33, 393–94, 396, 401, 406–407, 413–17, 420–22, 425n59, 427, 431, 478–79, 484–85, 511, 521
Kitāb al-Shifāʾ (The Book of Healing)
303, 305n20, 328n76, 329n78, 357n13
Persian poetry
304–306
practical intellect (al-ʿaql al-ʿamalī)
320–21, 329, 340, 354–57, 360, 66, 365–396, 412, 429, 431, 484, 507
psychology
138, 269–70, 306–307, 313–16, 318–23, 354, 412
Avicenna: intellect; internal senses
reception and influence
302–309, 312–13, 324
retentive imagination (khayāl)
329, 333–34, 342, 353–54, 356, 363–64, 371, 409, 412–13, 417, 420
Risāla fī aḥwāl al-nafs
355
soul of the fixed stars (as analogue of malakūt, lawḥ-i maḥfūẓ)
231, 329n77, 348–49, 356–57, 360, 363, 369–70, 375, 385, 387, 396, 412, 414–15, 420, 461, 484, 507, 513
syllogistic thinking
230, 237, 286–87, 318n50, 321–23, 338, 340, 343–45, 358–59, 361n20, 385–87
theoretical intellect (al-ʿaql al-naẓarī)
320–21, 354–56, 387, 394n10
ʿAwārif al-maʿārif
222, 475n50, 486n71
Suhravardī; Suhravardiyya
Persian translations
223n36
Awḥad al-Dīn Kirmānī
224–26, 242n24, 458, 466n34, 485n67, 489–92
Awrād al-aḥbāb va fuṣūs al-ādāb
225, n40, 247n34, 275n50, 486n72
Bākharzī
Ayāz
79, 82n57, 89
ʿAyn al-Qużāt Hamadānī
132, 225, 233, 247n33, 272–74, 313, 396, 398–99, 401, 404n34, 433–34, 489
Azraqī
370n45, 371n45
Baghdad
6, 16, 17, 21–22, 56n4, 85, 110, 129n75, 178n70, 211, 222–24, 227, 229, 291, 303–304, 446, 458, 487, 489
Mongol conquest
9, 12n25, 17, 48n18, 56–57, 111, 157n18, 190–91, 218
Nizāmiyya school
11, 13, 229, 304, 451
al-Baghdādī, ʿAbd al-Laṭīf
304
Bahrain
12
Bahrāmshāh (Ghaznavid ruler)
219n17, 308n30
Bākharzī, Yaḥyā b. Aḥmad
225n40, 247n34, 445, 466n34, 473n45, 474n48, 475n50, 476n53, 483n62, 486n72, 490n90, 496n102
Balkh
121
Banakātī, Abū Sulaymān
25n88, 34
Barthes, Roland
53, 146–147, 501
Baudrillard, Jean
15–152, 159–60
Bec, Pierre
178–79
Beloved
as a divine sign
175, 202, 207, 225–26, 233–36, 243–44, 247, 257–58, 274–77, 282 311–12, 332, 340–44, 350–51, 398–99, 411, 435, 514–15
as a mirror of the unseen
340–44
departure as veiling of the “supernal meanings”
408–409, 422–25, 429–31, 511–12
downy-beard (khaṭṭ)
192, 197, 271, 274–77, 351
gender and identity
74, 80–82, 151, 194–97, 243–44
physical traits
75–79, 258
veiled
76–79
Benjamin, Walter
52
Bernart de Ventadorn
181
Bidel (Bedīl)
227
al-Bisṭāmī
264–65
Bīsutūn, ʿAlī
29–30, 447, 471–72, 506
Saʿdi: Bīsutūn recension
Bloch, Howard
183
Bloom, Harold
227
Boccaccio, Giovanni
159
Brethren of Purity (Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ)
229n52, 254n45, 282–83, 313, 314n43, 325n72
Brookshaw, Dominic
48n6, 88n76
Buddhism
21, 144
Bukhara
9, 180, 247n34, 374
Būstān
10, 25, 135, 223, 228
Composition
87–88
Dedicatees
10–11, 87n73, 470
Samāʿ
480–82
teleological aesthetics
290–91
Byzantium (Rūm)
95, 393n7, 437
Central Asia
9, 39n154, 58, 79, 84, 90n80, 91, 141–42, 144, 149, 180, 212, 269, 392, 393n7
Chaucer, Geoffrey
136, 159
China
144n105, 214, 392, 393n7, 455–57
Chorasmia (Khwārazm)
11n19, 14n32, 141–44, 150
Christians
2, 21, 23, 247n37, 269, 276, 379, 395n14
Cooperson, Michael
107
Culler, Jonathan
51n9, 106–18, 152, 167, 180, 443–44, 445n8, 472n42, 501
Damascus
22, 261
dance
see samāʿ
Dante Alighieri
2, 135
Dawlatshāh Samarqandī
180
Delhi
24, 504
desire
see eroticism
Diḥya Kalbī (companion of the Prophet)
403–406, 412
dreams and visions
50–52, 54, 163, 169, 177n74, 302, 317, 324n69, 327, 329, 340, 356–57, 368–70, 376–77, 402, 406, 412–14, 461, 515
Eco, Umberto
113
Egypt
76–78, 260n54, 503
El-Rouayheb, Khaled
49n7, 66–69, 131
eroticism
47–55, 118–123, 153–55, 163–72, 179–80, 185–91, 430
homoeroticism; lust
erotic epistemology
242–255, 257–58, 272, 279–81, 350
sacred (theo-eroticism)
73, 132, 192, 208–12, 207–214, 219–21, 223–26, 236–45, 240, 242, 246–50, 261–65, 271–73, 275–78, 294–96, 311–12, 314–16, 332, 335–51, 396–98, 403–405, 407–409, 417–19, 444, 455–58, 465–67, 468, 489–98
shāhid and shāhid-bāzī
sexual desire
3, 7–8, 9, 47, 49, 54, 59–60, 63–64, 66–67, 92, 103, 123, 131–33, 137–41, 148–50, 153–58, 162–68, 171–75, 179, 185–87, 193–95, 230, 235, 240–43, 245–46, 249–52, 259–61, 274–75, 294–97, 316, 334, 347–50, 372, 402, 410, 418–20, 431–32, 444–45, 448–49, 492–95, 519–20
Fabliaux
159–60, 183
Fakhr al-Dīn Abū Bakr (Salghurid vizier)
18, 18n48, 101n8
Farhād
80
Farīd Iṣfahānī (Salghurid poet)
16n42, 87n73, 110n37, 469n38
Farrukhī Sīstānī
33, 92, 144n105, 219n17
Fars
4, 10n14, 12, 14n31, 16–24, 29–31, 87n73, 91, 101, 111–12, 211, 217, 219, 222, 228, 261, 304, 306, 410, 446, 458, 516–17
fayż (divine effluence)
294, 299, 320, 343, 423n57
Fighānī Babā
208
fitna (temptation)
see lust
de Fouchécour, Charles-Henry
3, 101n8, 102–104, 106–107
Forughi, Mohammad-ʿAli
3n8, 26, 29n107, 35, 37n143, 41
gardens
57, 89, 100–101, 104, 105, 112, 232, 289, 292, 347, 353, 360, 407, 418–22, 463, 505
in Shiraz
7, 23, 62n14, 100n6, 451
Gaunt, Simon
182–84
gaze (naẓar, nigāh)
contemplation (taʾammul)
255–59, 265–66, 271–77, 283–86, 308–309, 409–10, 506, 511
naẓar-bāzī
223, 414
permissibility
242–55, 259–61, 413, 430, 448, 454, 470
geopoetics
180, 213, 217–19, 457
ghayb (realm of the unseen)
9, 165, 255, 265, 281, 324, 338–42, 347–49, 359, 366, 404, 412–15, 419–22, 442, 444
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad
165, 167, 183, 272, 274–75
Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn; Kīmiyā-yi saʿādat
Avicenna’s influence on
230–31, 263n62, 264n65, 282–83, 286n34, 287, 293–94, 307–309, 312–14, 319, 320n56, 323–24, 329n77, 331, 343, 354, 361, 363, 366–69, 404, 412–13, 486–7, 512
influence on Saʿdi
6, 211, 225, 227, 239, 289–94, 362–64, 366–67, 372–74, 395–96, 424, 428–29, 492–94, 512
parallels with Saʿdi
227
science of unveiling (mukāshafa)
358, 362–66, 479, 487
spiritual cardiology
8, 229–30, 305–306, 354, 366–71, 422–23
tale of the Greek and Chinese painters
393–94
Tahāfut al-falāsifa (Precipitance of the Philosophers)
168n45, 320n56, 324, 370n42
teleology
229–30, 254n46, 258n51, 282–84, 287–89
witnessing (mushāhada)
363–66, 392
Ghazālī, Aḥmad
225, 247n33, 266–67, 269, 272, 313, 319, 378, 398
Savāniḥ
266–67, 378
Ghazan (Ilkhanid ruler)
25, 234
Ghaznavids
33, 85–89, 91–92, 112n43, 116, 144, 177n66, 190, 219n17, 334
Ghiyās al-Dīn Balban
24
God
affinity with mankind (munāsaba, mushākala, tashabbuh)
52, 263–65, 267–68, 272–74, 411
as a painter, fashioner
94, 234, 255–59, 258n51, 271–75, 292–93, 334, 453
attributes
226, 238, 256n48, 281–83, 294–95
beauty of
8, 50, 52, 109, 322, 398, 411
vision of (ruʾyat Allāh)
226, 233, 236–45, 261, 273n6, 287, 290, 346–47, 358–59, 361, 424–25, 512
Greek and Chinese painters (tale)
392–95, 435–40
Guilhèm de Peitieus
179
Gujarat
14
Gulistān
7, 10, 25, 152, 183–84
Anecdote of Ibn al-Jawzī’s intimations on music
487–88
composition
17, 88, 101, 110–114, 451
contents
101–104, 136–137
dedicatees
10–11, 17–18, 88, 101, 109–123
implied reader
109–114, 117–123
lyricism
116–123, 124–133, 141–150, 445n8, 463
manuscripts
101n8, 112n45
patronage
103–104, 124–133, 470
pseudo-biographism
104–109, 133–137, 139–150
style
101–102
story of the judge who fell in love with a young man
124–133
story of the prince and the dervish
116–123
story of Saʿdi’s encounter with a boy in Kashgar
140–150, 152, 406–407, 417
visionary experience
217, 358–61, 365–66, 402–403, 407, 415, 417–18, 421–22, 451–52
Ḥadīqat al-ḥaqīqa
161–62, 358n15, 366n33
Hāfez Shirazi
28, 46–48, 88n76, 105, 144–145, 171, 180, 197, 214n12, 218n15, 219n17, 233n3, 234, 247n35, 299n67, 425, 452n7, 454n12, 460n25, 461n28, 496n102
debate on homoeroticism
72n37
hajv
173
al-Ḥallāj, Manṣūr
220, 263–64
Hamburger, Käte
106–108, 118–120, 135, 152, 167, 443–44
Hamidian, Saʿid
3, 32, 226
hazl
156–58, 161–62, 172–77
heart (dil, qalb)
as a mirror reflecting the unseen
8, 57, 236–37, 265, 274, 283, 297, 306, 327, 368–69, 372–77, 379–80, 396, 398, 410–11, 422–23, 479, 494, 512, 521
ghayb
as analogue of the Rational Soul
231, 294, 368
hermeneutics
spiritual
221n26, 239, 245–50, 254–55, 342, 438, 458, 491, 514–15
radical mystical symbolism
8, 59n9, 211, 225, 226n42, 231–233, 233n3, 234n4, 247, 248n36, 277, 292, 301–302, 312, 317, 322, 339, 342, 344n117, 357, 423, 444, 446, 451n3, 512
homoeroticism
7, 8, 54, 70n32, 151, 196, 274–77, 413–14, 417–19, 485
Saʿdi: homoeroticism
androgyny
68, 75–82, 188–90
binary approaches
68, 79, 83
constructivism
83–85, 92
denial
54, 59–60, 71–74, 87, 125n67
essentialism
66–67
intergenerational
73, 121–133, 192–93, 199, 259–61, 403, 406–407
Islamicate societies and literatures
66–69, 199
legal aspects
126–133
Persian poetry
70n32, 72n37, 80–92
political symbolism
88–98, 114–123, 190–91, 201–203, 465–67
Hujvīrī, Abū al-Ḥasan
250–55, 259–61, 278n17
Hülegü
17–21, 23, 29, 87n73
ḥulūl (incarnationism)
259–60, 273–74, 399, 478
as an estimative error
331–33, 433–34, 479–80, 512
Humām-i Tabrīzī
23, 25, 234–36, 443, 446n10, 504–506
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa
62
Ibn al-Fuwaṭī
11
Ibn al-Haytham
169–70, 299–300
Ibn al-Jawzī
259n52, 486–88
Ibn Khafīf
218–20, 376
Ibn Khaldūn
394
Ibn Zarkūb
210, 220n21, 491
Ibrāhīm Sulṭān
41
ʿibrat (inference)
251–52, 254–59, 277–78, 342–45, 453
Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn
165, 229, 262, 287, 288n41, 364n40, 367n34, 375, 386, 393, 437, 476n52, 485n70, 487
Ilkhanids
7, 17, 29, 57, 87, 212, 291–92, 458, 504
iltibās
238
Rūzbihān-i Baqlī
imaginal-cosmological modality
9, 293–96, 299–300, 354, 356–57, 360–61, 384–89, 404–22, 448, 467–68, 493–94, 501
imagination (khayāl)
51, 120, 163–69, 181–82, 231, 271–72, 308–309, 326–28, 353–54, 412, 444
India
24, 45, 213
Injuids
30–32, 36, 38–39
Intertextuality
27, 178–74, 194–97, 208–209, 212–14, 234–35, 311–12, 418–22
Saʿdi: intertextuality
Iraq
7, 15n34, 56, 111
ʿIrāqī, Fakhr al-Dīn
71n36, 211n7, 220n21, 247n34, 305, 309–12, 371–72, 381–83, 399–400, 433, 446, 505–506
Iser, Wolfgang
113
Iskandar Sultān
41
Islam
1, 23, 56–57, 101, 112n43, 133, 138, 302, 427
Islamic law
59, 67, 115, 124, 128–30, 132, 165, 170, 228, 251, 324, 410, 411n42, 461
istiqbāl
208–13
intertextuality; Saʿdi: intertextuality
ittiḥād (unification, infusion)
264, 399, 478
incarnationism
Jahān Malik Khātūn
79–81, 454n13
Jāmī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
2n, 234
Jāmiʿ al-ʿulūm
see Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn
javāb
208–13, 505
see intertextuality; istiqbāl
jinās-i tāmm (paranomasia)
63, 130n78, 268–69, 353–54, 395
Saʿdi: style
Joseph
see Yūsuf
Junayd Shīrāzī
11n19, 22n76
al-Jurjānī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad
172
Juvaynī, ʿAtāʾ Malik
6, 19–21, 291–92, 465n33, 503
Juvaynī, Shams al-Dīn
4, 6, 19–25, 29, 37, 56–60, 68, 90n81, 93–98, 219n17, 220, 234, 291, 446, 503
Kaʿba
218
qibla
Kamāl al-Dīn Iṣfahānī
97, 197, 469n38
Kashf al-maḥjūb
238n18, 250–55, 262
Hujvīrī
Kashgar
104, 140–150, 152, 406, 417
Keshavarz, Fatemeh
3, 70–71, 102n11, 141n101
Khān Malik Ṣulṭān Muḥammad (governor of Multan)
24
Khāqānī
425n59, 469n38, 471
Khiżr
188, 377, 383, 522–23
Khorasan
91, 228, 229, 259, 306–308, 319n53, 339, 366
Khusraw va Shīrīn (Niẓāmī)
5, 81
Khwājū Kirmānī
75n45, 234, 425–26
Kiening, Christian
153, 164, 179
Kīmiyā-yi saʿādat (Alchemy of Bliss)
165–72, 229, 305–306, 329n77, 489
love for God
261–66, 473
on poetry and music
166–67, 246–50
on samāʿ
473–80, 485n70
paradigm of the visionary experience (five stages)
402–12
spiritual aesthetics
282–89, 363–65, 485
spiritual cardiology
165, 367–71, 422–23
Kitāb al-Manāẓir
169
Landau, Justine
12n25, 180n75, 519–22
Levron, Pierre
181
Lewis, Franklin D.
28n105, 59n8, 70n32, 102n10, 109n33, 129n75, 248n36, 308n30, 452, 459, 496n102
Lewisohn, Leonard
72n37, 248n36
Loqmān-Adham, Mohammad-Hoseyn
29, 35
Losensky, Paul
12, 70n33, 208–209, 213n10, 452
lust (havā, shahvat)
255, 259–61, 275–78, 294–96, 314–15, 404–405, 407, 410–12, 418, 429–30, 432, 447–48, 455, 491–92
desire: sexual desire
lyric poetry
as ritual
445n8, 466, 468, 501–503
external reality and experience
74–75, 105–109, 126–127, 141–50, 168–70, 181–82, 275–77, 326–28, 334–36, 406, 457, 507, 510, 517–23
embodiment
137–140, 179, 187, 207–208, 239–40, 400–401, 443, 448–49, 457, 467, 501
fiction
81–2, 100, 104–109, 133–37, 152, 201, 443–44, 458, 462
poetic “I” (persona)
108, 118–20, 135–37, 152–53, 201, 231, 250, 455, 459, 462–64, 512
psychology of lyric subject
357, 405–406, 412, 429–30
Maḥmūd of Ghazna
79, 82n57, 86n67, 89, 219n17, 370
majāz and ḥaqīqat dichotomy
397–401, 411–12, 417–18
Majd al-Dīn Rūmī
18
Majd-i Hamgar (Salghurid poet)
21, 111–12, 469n38
Majnūn
80, 436
malakūt (supernal realm, ākhira)
284, 293, 306n23, 340, 348–51, 354, 358, 360, 368–72, 376, 462–63
ghayb; Preserved Tablet
Mānī
349–50, 392
maʿnī (pl. maʿānī)
mental content
169n48, 230, 269–70, 273–75, 330, 332–33, 337–38, 341–43, 493
spirit
208, 251, 269, 273–74
supernal meanings
170, 208–209, 230, 251, 252n42, 253, 268, 279n17, 306n23, 339–45, 366–67, 403–404, 406–12, 414–15, 426, 430–34, 456, 464, 466, 472, 477, 480–81, 484, 493–94, 511
maʿrifa (spiritual cognition)
276–86, 290, 308–309, 339, 392
ʿārif; Saʿdi: maʿrifa
definitions
278–79, 477–78
aesthetic aspects
280–85, 322–23, 342–43, 474, 512
Maybudī, Rashīd al-Dīn
77–78
Mecca
22, 217, 269
Mengü Temür (Ilkhanid prince)
23
Mikkelson, Jane
4n, 227
mimesis (muḥākāt, ḥikāyat, imaginal translation)
163–64, 274, 336–65, 374, 376, 396–97, 412, 421–22, 479, 507, 511
Minovi, Mojtabā
35, 36, 111n39
mirror
58, 81, 94
imagination as a
324, 336–37
beloved as mirror of divine beauty
215–16, 234–35, 341,423, 478
heart: as a mirror
poetry as a
247n33
Mishkāt al-anwār (The Niche of Lights)
264–65, 274–75, 321n58, 331n85
Mongols
1, 4, 7, 9, 19, 21, 23, 25, 56, 86, 93, 95, 98, 188–90, 212, 218–20
Ilkhanids
mouvances (or “variances”)
25, 27–28, 33
muʿāmala (spiritual transaction)
278, 360, 421, 506
Muḥammad Khwārazmshāh
141, 144, 150
Muḥammad b. Saʿd II (Salghurid prince)
11, 17–18, 24, 29, 31, 87–88, 115, 116n54, 454, 502–503
Muḥammad (Prophet)
273n6, 365, 404
Muḥammad-Shāh (Salghurid prince)
17–18, 111n42, 157n18, 503
Muḥammad b. Vāsiʿ
260–61
mukāshafa (unveiling)
9, 169, 351, 354, 358–60, 362–66, 479, 487
visionary experience
mulk (world of sense)
293, 348–49, 354–55, 376
malakūt
murāʿāt-i naẓīr (observance of the similar)
214
mushāhada (manifestation)
9, 231, 237, 260–61, 290, 325–26, 345–47, 351, 354, 363, 383–84, 386, 392, 397, 403–405, 408–11, 435, 493, 497, 499–501
visionary experience
al-Mustaʿṣim (caliph)
9, 57n4, 111
Mustawfī, Ḥamd-Allāh
11n19, 19n57, 489n83
Muzaffarids
31, 40–41, 88n76
Nafisi, Saʿid
10
nafs (carnal soul)
137–38, 252, 259n52, 277, 284, 364–65, 429, 431–33
Avicenna: animal soul; lust
Najīb al-Dīn Buzghush
21, 222, 304, 459
Najmabadi, Afsaneh
60n11, 68n28, 69, 76
Nasafī, ʿAzīz al-Dīn
319n53, 325n71, 335
Kashf al-ḥaqāyiq
374–76
Kitāb al-insān al-kāmil
306, 374, 376–77
al-Nāṣir (Abbasid caliph)
222
Naṣr II (Samanid ruler)
180
Naṭanzī, Saʿd al-Dīn
304
Nawrūz
194
New Criticism
207
New Historicism
207–208
Neysāri, Salim
28
Niẓām al-Dīn Awliyāʿ
504
Niẓāmī ʿArūżī
Chahār maqāla
324
Nizāmī Ganjavī
39, 76n45, 81, 392–93
obscene poetry
3, 151, 153–63, 171–72, 235–36, 444, 521
hazl; Saʿdi: Khabīsāt
as counter-text
153–55, 161–62, 165–66, 178–84, 192–93, 200–201
ʿawrat
172–77, 183–84, 190
critical dismissal
155, 157–58
euphemisms
184–91
Marxist readings
159
mujūn
178
reification of the body
176, 239, 246, 316, 480
scatological reductionism
174
spiritual fetishization of the body
176, 239, 246–47, 316
studies
158–60
panegyric poetry (qasida)
80, 86–98, 176–77, 180
Saʿdi: patrons; qasidas
paradise
17n42, 94, 118, 181, 200, 217, 238n18, 272, 280, 284, 291, 349, 363, 364n28, 365, 381, 382, 384, 397–94, 398, 414–16, 419–20, 460, 467
performance and performativity
3, 9, 16, 23, 28, 50, 86, 94–95, 108–109, 120, 159, 165–71, 179–80, 444–49, 467–68, 499–523
Persian Gulf and Kish
12, 12n25
pornography
7, 49, 151–52, 158–62, 171–72, 177–78, 189n101, 316, 480
Preserved Tablet (lawḥ maḥfūẓ)
231, 329n77, 340, 348–51, 360–61, 368–77, 393–94, 412, 414, 432, 474, 494, 507
in Persian poetry
370–74
Proust, Marcel
450
Qazvini, Mohammad
37n143, 41
qibla
2, 261, 378, 382
of love
266–70
Qurʾān
16, 76–79, 89, 114, 119n58, 126, 138, 207, 231, 236, 254n46, 257–58, 273, 286, 289, 290n47, 291, 295, 338–40, 348, 364n30, 370, 469n36, 515, 521
Qushayrī, ʿAbd al-Karīm
259, 278n16, 282, 287n37, 339, 361n22, 326n23, 485n67, 485n67
Quṭb al-Dīn Shīrāzī
64–65
Rafīʿ al-Dīn Lunbānī (Salghurid poet)
15n34
Ramadan
168, 500
rational-inferential modality (tafakkur, fikrat)
8, 230–31, 255–59, 275–77, 286–90, 292–93, 298, 302, 322, 338, 342–45, 385–86, 392, 397–98, 404, 448–89, 474, 512
ʿibrat
Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn
303n8, 305n20, 306–307, 324, 335, 344n118, 364n29
Richard, Francis
3740
riyāżat (spiritual training)
297–98, 375–76, 417, 474, 475n51, 499–500
Rūdakī Samarqandī
180
Rukn al-Dīn abū Yaḥyā (Salghurid judge)
132–133
Rumi, Jalāl al-Dīn
46, 59n8, 211n7, 233n3, 305n20, 309–12, 381, 394–95, 445n7, 446, 452n7, 494n98, 496n102, 502n6, 504
Rūzbihān-i Baqlī
218–20, 225, 238–39, 294–96, 304, 313, 319n53, 396, 458, 475n51, 485n67, 490n90
Rūzbihān-i Sānī
220
Saʿd I (Salghurid ruler)
13n31, 15, 87n73, 112n45, 114, 220n21
Saʿd II b. Abī Bakr
10–11, 14–17, 18n48, 20, 24, 87–92, 105, 109–123, 134, 149, 157n18, 219n17, 220, 291, 308n30, 454, 460n24, 464–65, 470, 488, 490n88, 502–503
Salghurid dynasty
Saʿdi
,
Būstān; Gulistān; eroticism, sacred
anthropology of vision
216–17, 225, 229–30, 242–43, 279–82, 306, 326–28, 332–33, 346–47, 372–74, 416–17
as a ʿārif (spiritual beholder)
271–73, 345–47
ʿārif
Badāyiʿ
4, 6n10, 93, 120n60, 145, 190, 221, 458–64, 490, 499–500, 519
Bīsutūn recension
29–30, 36, 38–41, 88, 90, 112n45, 119, 125, 447, 451n4, 494n97, 495n101, 506
celebration of God
214–17, 285–86, 255–58, 289–91, 346–47
celebration of Ilkhanid power
19–20, 92–97
chronology of works
4, 16, 29, 31, 36, 145–147, 190, 221–22, 451–52, 503
contemplation of beauty
255–59, 267–70, 289–93, 309–12, 316, 346, 505–507
death
10
father
12
ghazal collections
20, 24n83, 26–27, 31, 181–82, 207–208, 221–22
homoeroticism
56–66, 70–71, 77–78, 86–98, 114–133, 139–150, 183, 186, 198–203, 224, 243–46, 274–77, 416–18, 458–59, 490–92, 503
internal senses
326–28, 333–38, 341–43, 353–54, 358–61, 416–20
intertextuality
97, 121–123, 182, 208–214, 234–35, 311–12, 402, 418–22, 425–27, 491, 502–505
Khavātīm
6n10, 31, 209, 221–22, 458, 462–68, 497, 498n107
life
10–25, 87–88, 141, 149–150, 190, 224–25, 239–40, 272, 451–52, 457, 459, 487, 510
lyric innovations
210–12, 224, 229–30, 234–35, 240, 244–45, 275–78, 309, 316, 334–38, 253–54, 373–74, 395, 400, 438–40, 459, 507, 513–15
malik al-shuʿarā (king of the poets)
1, 1n4, 34
maʿrifa
274–77, 279–82, 322, 359
maʿānī as non-sensible attributes of the beloved
332–33, 337–38
manuscripts
13, 13–14n31, 26, 29–42, 87n73, 96–97, 119, 154–55n9, 256n48, 350n127, 509n23
mystical interpretations
54, 211, 225–26, 233–34, 240, 244n26, 248n36, 301–302, 357, 423–24, 444, 484
mufti of the Masters of Gazes
5–6, 8, 241, 409
name
10, 14, 34, 447
obscene poetry (Khabīsāt)
7, 34, 61–63, 151, 153–58, 163–64, 171–72, 178, 185–94, 197–203, 235–36, 480
patrons
11, 14–17, 29, 86–98, 103–104, 110–114, 156–57, 217–20, 239–40, 292–93, 304, 444, 449, 459–60, 464–66, 470, 488–89, 502–504
pen name
11, 14, 16, 88–89
philosophical influences
209, 304–306, 316, 318, 322, 326–45, 349–51, 358–61, 373–74, 395–96, 412–15, 424, 462
pre-Bīsutūn recensions
29–31, 35–38, 88, 119n59, 125, 154n9, 452–53, 457–58
qasidas
13–14, 18, 21, 38–39, 57n4, 57–58, 86–98, 191, 255–57, 289–90, 292–93, 346–47, 464–67, 489n82
renown
15–16, 23–24, 30, 40, 62, 142, 149–150, 183, 212, 272, 425, 446, 459, 472n42, 490–91, 502–505
Risāla-yi ʿaql va ʿishq
304, 359–60, 402–403
romantic interpretations
49, 54, 59, 70, 107–108, 226, 312
Saʿdī-yi ākhar al-zamān
15–16
Ṣāḥibiyya collection
12, 25, 36
sahl-i mumtanaʿ (“inimitable smoothness”)
32–33
samāʿ (lyric ritual)
446n10, 446–49, 467–68, 480–88, 499–523
speech acts
self-praise
6, 15–16, 95–96, 109–110, 118n56, 127, 142, 461, 500–501, 503–504
spiritual sobriety
220, 229–30, 238–39, 309, 322
Sufi influences
115–124, 211, 217–27, 234–36, 240, 267–70, 272–73, 275–78, 359–61, 374–77, 402, 419, 427–28, 430–34, 459, 464, 468–72, 481–88, 503–505
Sufi lodge
6, 22–23, 30, 37, 93, 220, 234, 391, 446, 488–89, 491
style
2, 32, 47, 49–53, 58, 88–89, 133, 140, 178, 189, 208, 214, 268–70, 432, 505
Ṭayyibāt
24n83, 31, 50, 88n75, 90n81, 110n38, 120, 125, 221, 223, 255, 415, 452–58, 469, 490, 496n102, 497, 498n107
themes
3–9, 100–101
travels
11, 14n31, 21–22, 24, 135, 141, 217–19, 222–23, 451–52
visionary experience of the lyric subject (five phases)
405, 408–12, 414–35, 462–64, 493–94, 499–501
works
25–30, 34–42, 47, 145, 448
Safavids
2n7, 62, 208, 210, 212
Ṣafī al-Dīn Ardabīlī
62, 183, 459, 491
Safīna-yi Tabrīz
471–72
ṣāḥib-dil (Master of the Heart)
see ʿārif; Gulistān; visionary experience
ṣāḥib dīvān
see Juvaynī, Shams al-Dīn
Salghurid dynasty
6–7, 9–25, 29, 31, 87–92, 157, 218–20, 376, 459, 490
Abū Bakr b. Saʿd I; Saʿd II
Salghūr-Shāh (Abū Bakr b. Saʿd I’s brother)
18, 157
Saljūq-Shāh (Salghurid prince)
18–19, 93, 157
Salmān Sāvajī
494n98
samāʿ (lyrical ritual)
9, 16, 28, 30, 120, 223, 304, 403, 445–49, 466–67, 470–98
performance and performativity
and sexual desire
488–98
as a catalyst for the visionary experience
472, 479
Bīsutūn’s account
447–49
in the Safīna-yi Tabrīz
477
lawfulness
165–72, 250–55, 486–88
spiritual physiology of
473–90, 505–508
Samarkand
9, 40, 156, 194
Sanāʾī Ghaznavī
121–123, 144n105, 156, 161–62, 177, 179, 208–212, 219n17, 307–309, 334, 366n33, 371, 380, 418–22, 459, 461n27, 469n38
Sayf Farghānī
76n47, 212–17, 305, 425, 491, 504
Sebti, Meryem
326n73, 328n76, 396
Shabistarī, Maḥmūd
247n34, 248n36, 255, 494n98
shāhid and shāhid-bāzī
4, 8, 50, 52, 57, 72n37, 73, 119–120, 128–133, 192, 201, 223, 259–61, 273–74, 297–98, 317–18, 378, 398–99, 406, 411–12, 416–17, 432, 434–35, 456, 489–98, 503
Shakespeare
2
Shams-i Qays-i Rāzī
12n25, 15n34, 115n51, 150, 490n88, 519, 522
Shams-i Tabrīzī
59n8, 224
Sharma, Sunil
452, 669
Shiraz
5–6, 9, 19, 57, 96, 114–115, 150, 217–19, 451–52, 457, 503–504, 508
shirk (associationism, polytheism)
259, 265
ḥulūl
speech acts
159, 179–80, 472n42
Austin, John Langshaw
locutionary texts
501–502
illocutionary texts
501, 504–13
perlocutionary texts
501
spiritual beholder
see ʿārif
Spitzer, Leo
135
Sufism
21, 30, 50–51, 115–124, 134, 165, 218–29, 234–37, 240, 242, 245–55, 259–61, 282–90, 294–96, 305–309, 312–14, 339–40, 359–62, 374–85, 394–96, 403–409, 433–34, 445–49, 464, 468–72, 475–80, 486–92, 500–502
Suhravardī, Shahāb al-Dīn Abū Ḥafs
222–24, 303–304, 458, 475n50, 486n71
Suhravardī, Shahāb al-Dīn (Shaykh-i ishrāq)
299n67, 325n70
Suhravardiyya order
21, 24n84, 222, 304, 495
Sūzanī Samarqandī
156–57, 161, 178–79, 194–97
Syar al-awliyāʾ (Amīr Khward)
504
syllogistic thinking
287, 512
tafakkur
Tabriz
4, 19, 20, 22, 24, 87, 95, 444, 471, 477, 495
tafakkur (fikrat)
230, 286–290, 308, 322, 338, 343–45, 383–86, 392, 397, 405, 418, 474, 512
rational-inferential modality
Tāj al-Ḥalāvī
3n
tajallī (spiritual epiphany)
238, 294–95, 350, 399
Talbīs Iblīs (The Deceit of Satan)
see Ibn al-Jawzī
Terken Khātūn (Salghurid princess)
18–19, 465n33
Timurids
2n7, 31, 40–41, 208, 210–12, 222, 504n12
Tuḥfat ahl al-ʿirfān
220n21
Rūzbihān-i Sānī
Turkān Pass (Fars)
14n31
Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn
303n8, 324, 325n70, 335, 519–20
ʿUbayd Zākānī
61–62, 156, 178, 180–83
Ulfatī Tabrīzī
247n34
ʿUnṣurī Balkhī
173, 370
ʿUshshāq-nāma
220n21
ʿAṭāʾī
Ushnuhī, Ṣad al-Dīn Muḥammad
304
Vāʿiẓ-i Kāshifī
32–33, 214
varidāt (spiritual inspirations)
252n42, 484–85, 485n67
Vaṣṣāf (historian)
12n25, 17n46, 18n54, 21, 115–16, 116n53
Vaṭvāṭ, Rashīd al-Dīn
32–33
Vinyoli, Joan
45
visionary experience (mukāshafa, mushāhada)
3, 9, 169, 231, 236–37, 260, 345–47, 354, 359–60, 368–72, 378–83, 392, 397, 501
imaginal-cosmological modality; five phases (al-Ghazālī’s paradigm)
dangers on the path (phase five)
411–12
imaginal translation (phase two)
406–407, 412–21
preliminary contact (phase one)
405, 412
renewal of the imaginal contact (phase four)
409–10, 426–30, 507–508
return to the external senses (phase three)
407–409, 422–26, 510–11
wahm
see Avicenna: estimative faculty
wajd (ecstatic rapture)
359, 445n7, 476, 482, 485, 495, 505, 518
Wright, Elaine
38, 40–41
Wine
496
Yarshater, Ehsan
70, 84n65, 233n3
Yohannan, John
3, 219n17
Yusofi, Gholām-Hoseyn
26–31, 40, 101n9
Yūsuf (Joseph)
76–79, 94, 118–119, 243, 350, 425, 429
Ẓahīr Fāryābī
471
zandaqa (heresy)
250–51
Zangī Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd
400
Zangī b. Mawdūd
219n17
Zargar, Cyrus
73
ẕawq (sublime sensation)
238, 443, 449, 464, 468–72, 495, 504, 505, 507
ẕikr
16, 120, 280, 363–64, 384, 467–68, 478, 501
Zipoli, Riccardo
155–56, 161
Zulaykhā
78–79
Zumthor, Paul
27, 153