Index
Adilshahis
1
10
17
19
152
178
80
188
190
193
6
271
95
ʿAlī I
278
282
292
ʿAlī II 287-8
Ibrāhīm I
279
Ibrāhīm II
124
280
282
3
292
Muḥammad
283
4
289
292
5
Yūsuf
112
188
274
277
ʿĀʾisha
292
Abbasids
56
89
205
227
233
al-Muʿtaṣim
89
ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Khān-i Khānān
157
164
319
371
376
Abhira
40
Abū Bakr
292
Abū Saʻīd Mīrzā
130
Abū Turāb Valī
145
147
Abūʾl-Fażl ibn Mubarak
141
145
301
326
Abūʾl-Fidā
356
Abyssinians
15
98
114
122
280
289
338
Acacia planifrons
42
Acacia spirocarpa
42
Achaemenids
69
Ādāb al-ḥarb wa-l-shujāʿa
91
Adāt al-Fużalā
367
Aeterni Regis
340
Afanasii, Nikitin
113
āfāqīs
104
109
111
24
275
279
83
293
Afghanistan
58
9
92
101
130
135
8
149
205
240
250
Afonso V
341
Afshārids
Nādir Shāh Afshār
61
71
119
329
370
Afrāsiyāb
91
Āghar Khān
370
Agra
3
62
66
7
81
140
144
214
5
301
310
312
322
3
326
8
Taj Mahal
267
310
314
322
aḥādīth
289
92
ahl al-bayt
292
Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ṣamad
28
Aḥmad Sulṭān Afshār
138
Aḥmadnagar
112
152
Ahmed Paşa
78
369
Ahmedabad
144
147
Ajmer
212
215
217
250
255
6
Adhai din ka Jhompara mosque
250
254
5
259
261
2
267
Akhbār al-dawla al-saljūqiyya
35
Akhlat
43
5
Akşehir
Ferruh Şah mosque
254
266
Aleppo
252
Alexander
71
99
350
ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib
74
99
162
172
176
208
211
292
317
Ali Macar Reisʾs Atlas
351
ʿAlī Yazdī
111
ʿAli-abad, Balkh
26
7
Alinjaq
158
167
Amasya
178
Amber
312
Amīr Khusraw
62
66
92
93
98
367
371
Anahilavada
38
Anatolian Turkish
122
Andijan
63
Ankara
72
Ann Royal
217
Antalya
76
253
Anvarī
61
Aq Mashhad
135
Aqqoyunlu
72
6
105
117
132
152
96
223
274
Nūr al-Dīn Ḥamza ibn Qara Yülük ʿUthmān 223
Qara ʿUthmān
72
4
166
Uzun Ḥasan
73
105
117
120
174
176
7
186
195
Yaʿqūb Beg
117
156
159
175
186
7
190
195
Arabs
44
91
116
177
339
Aral Sea
48
Ardabil
73
Arghūns
Amīr Sulṭān-ʿAlī
134
Shāh Ḥusayn
145
Ẕuʾl-Nūn
130
133
4
145
Armazém da Guiné e Índia
340
Armenia
43
4
Armenian Cilicia
Hetum I
243
4
Armenian
47
252
Artuqids
226
252
Shams al-Dīn al-Ṣāliḥ
226
7
Artze
44
Āṣaf Jāhīs
Niẓām al-Dawla Niẓām al-Mulk Mīr Akbar ʿAlīkhān Bahādur
189
Āshūr Beg
370
Aşık Mehmed
356
al-asmāʾ al-ḥusnā
289
Aspendos
253
Assam
92
Astarabad
134
6
148
Atabey
Ertokuş tomb and madrasa
253
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal
79
Atlas Maior
357
60
Atlas Minor
357
Attaleiates, Michael
46
ʿAttār
41
Austria
353
Awadh
7
162
245
ʿAwfi, Sadīd al-Dīn Muḥammad
255
ʿAẓam Khān
215
Azerbaijan
57
69
73
105
134
153
158. 177
375
Azeri Turkic
18
73
4
374
80
Aẓfarī Gurgānī, Mīrzā ʿAlī Bakht
369
71
Bābur-nāma
369
Bacanor
354
Badakhshan
67
133
Badaun
96
Jami mosque
11
Badīʿ al-Zamān Mīrzā
130
132
4
146
Badr al-Dīn Ibrāhīm
367
Baffin, William
215
22
Baghdad
56
156
173
178
181
306
321
374
Bahāʾ al-Dīn Tughril
95
Baharlū
188
9
Bahjat al-Lughat
369
Bahmanis
1
15
106
24
152
169
177
8
231
271
276
283
295
Fīrūz Shāh
283
Hūmāyūn Shāh III
110
Muḥammad Shāh
110
1
Niẓām al-Dīn Aḥmad III
110
Sultan Aḥmad II
109
Sultan Muḥammad Lashkari
188
Tāj al-Dīn Fīrūz Shāh
231
Bajaur
68
Balasagun
251
Balchand
215
Balkans
8
50
79
106
120
322
Balkh
26
92
132
136
9
148
376
banda
see ghulām
bandagān-i khāṣṣ
97
Baranī, Żiyāʾ
62
93
100
Bar Hebraeus
230
Baran
96
Barbaro, Giosafat
117
Bari
46
Baridshahis
178
Qāsim Barīd
112
Baroch
266
Basra
176
344
5
348
Bassein
146
Bayana
142
144
Ukha Mandir mosque
17
254
7
260
1
264
Bāyazīd (Afghan rebel)
140
149
Bayhaqī
28
32
5
40
62
Bayrām Khān
5
67
157
189
304
377
bazm u razm
180
185
beğlik
72
76
7
Benares
312
ʿĀlamgīrī mosque
312
Beng ü Bāde
372
380
Bengal
92
101
237
45
265
267
368
Berar
112
Bhirah
63
Biban (Afghan rebel)
140
149
Bidar
109
12
169
273
289
90
Bihar
140
Bijapur
112
152
190
271
3
279
83
289
90
293
Asar Mahal
294
Dargāh of Hashim Pir
294
Gol Gumbaz
294
Jami mosque of Sultan Ibrāhīm
279
Jami mosque
17
278
295
Mecca mosque
285
Binban
232
al-Bīrūnī, Abūʾl-Rayḥān Aḥmad
33
40
59
62
108
Bisnagar
see Vis
Bistam
135
Black Sea
76
345
347
Blaeu, Joan
357
60
British
9
80
1
329
Bryennios, Nikephoros
44
46
Buddhist
17
Bukhara
19
59
79
92
251
257
376
Maggok-i Attori mosque
251
Bulgaria
322
Bundārī
34
47
Burgaz, Thrace
see Lüleburgaz
Burhān al- Maʾās̱ir
114
Bursa
64
Bushehr
116
Bust
263
Byzantines
14
25
6
69
78
205
6
211
253
266
273
Doukas, Andronikos
45
Doukas, Michael VII
46
Romanos IV Diogenes
43
7
52
Cairo
109
342
Calicut
354
Cambay
266
Cape of Good Hope
338
Caucasus
18
25
44
117
154
Celali revolts
178
Central Asian Turkic
19
Ceylon
see Sri La
Chaghatay
14
78
121
368
71
374
82
Chaghcharan
138
Chahamana
89
Chaldiran
68
134
Chandela
89
Chandella
89
Chatr
140
Chaul
115
Chaulukya
38
40
1
Chaurasi Khamba mosque, Kaman
17
254
259
64
Chausa
148
Chinese art
215
Chishti Order
80
310
322
Chunar
140
Cihannüma
354
60
Cilicia
243
Claesz, Cornelis
353
Clavijo, Ruy Gonzales de
213
4
Colier, Justinus
357
Columbus, Christopher
340
Constantinople
see Ista
Crete
304
Crimean Turks
76
178
300
Cumans
43
da Cunha, Nuno
130
146
148
Dabhol
109
Daftarī, Abūʾl-Fażl Muḥammad
117
daknīs
104
109
111
24
156
275
279
83
293
Damascus
109
Damavand
115
Damghan
134
Dandanqan
13
25
31
8
41
43
48
Dāʿūd, Ismaʿili ruler
39
Davvānī
111
Daylamites
27
Delhi
62
67
81
159
299
311
328
9
354
Qutb minaret
11
254
6
Quwwat al-Islam mosque
250
254
267
Sultan Ghari tomb complex
11
17
254
263
5
Delhi Sultanate
1
4
14
5
19
56
58
62
88
101
123
152
310
3
367
Ghiyathis
14
60
88
Khaljis
14
60
88
Mamluk
Quṭb al-Dīn Aybak
61
88
91
94
6
101
237
250
259
Shamsis
14
60
88
97
101
Nāṣir al-Dīn Maḥmūd Shāh
97
99
100
263
Rażiyya 97
Shams al-Dīn Iltutmish
88
95
6
99
232
238
241
4
250
255
263
Tughluqs
14
60
88
312
Ghiyās̱ al-Dīn
92
Muḥammad ibn Tughluq
60
Delvada
38
Devanagari
237
el-Dimaşki, Ebu Bekir ibn Behram
18
357
63
dīn-i ilāhī
9
Diu
8
130
144
8
344
Dīv Sulṭān Rūmlū
136
Dīvān-i Bayrām Khān
67
Dīvān-i Fużūlī
18
372
81
Dīvān-i Khāqānī
100
Dīvān-i Navāʾī
64
Dīvān-i Sanāʾī
100
Divriği
251
254
Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
56
Diyarbekir
72
166
7
174
181
Dutch
341
357
East India Company
214
217
329
Eastern Turk Empire
51
Edirne
304
5
308
Egypt
107
114
120
1
154
156
158
166
273
316
341
344
5
348
Ekmekçizâde Ahmed Paşa
304
Elstrack, Reynold
217
Eminönü
303
Erciş
183
Erzurum
17
181
251
256
261
316
Tepsi minaret
17
251
Fakhr-i Mudabbir (Fakhr al-Dīn Mubārakshāh)
60
64
66
71
74
91
94
98
100
Farhang-i zafāngūyā va jahānpūyā
367
Farīdūn
93
99
Farr
75
211
Farrukhī
40
1
Fars
74
206
Fārūqī, Ibrāhīm Qiwām al-Dīn
368
Fatāwā-i ʿĀlamgīrī
9
Fatehpur Sikri
310
313
4
Fāṭima
292
Fatimids
47
fattāk-i atrāk
116
Fayżī
10
Fazıl Ahmed Paşa
302
Fazıl Mustafa Paşa
362
Fażl Allāh Khān
379
Ferghana
5
63
79
Fighānī
78
Fiqh-i Fīrūzshāhī
100
Firdawsī, Abūʾl-Qāsim
59
62
66
161
Firishta
41
114
184
188
90
274
295
367
First World War
81
Firuzabad
231
Fra Mauro
341
Franks
43
5
Fursī
160
80
187
189
194
Fuṣūṣ al- Ḥikam
111
Fużūlī
372
81
Gahadavala (kingdom)
89
Gajapatis
110
da Gama, Vasco
118
340
Gandhara
25
Ganges
89
142
148
310
1
Gardīzī
33
40
Gāwān, Maḥmūd see Maḥmūd Gāwān, ʿImād al-Dīn
Genoa
317
Georgia
112
224
Georgians
43
123
165
169
176
181
230
252
Gharchistan
135
8
gharībān
see āfāqīs
ghazal
78
Ghazna
25
38
9
56
59
61
232
3
237
255
Ghaznavids
1
6
13
25
6
58
69
71
89
99
204
6
256
263
367
Alptegin
59
Khusraw Malik
92
Maḥmūd
26
59
61
91
2
204
Masʿūd
26
43
52
69
Sebüktegin
58
Ghiyās̱ al-Dīn ʿIvaż
238
241
2
Ghiyās̱ al-Dīn Balaban
88
97
100
232
Ghulām
26
30
2
56
9
61
2
69
70
75
79
93
136
188
Ghur
93
Ghurids
7
11
2
17
60
1
89
91
4
97
8
101
204
6
232
237
45
250
256
68
Muʿizz al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Sām
92
94
5
101
237
259
Ghuzz
92
245 see also Oghuz
Gilan
15
105
109
115
6
Girayid Khan
178
Goa
40
110
1
115
117
354
Golconda
112
152
157
160
168
195
Golden Horde
223
Jānī Beg
223
Greece
322
Greek
26
58
75
83
Gujarat
18
25
38
42
49
105
110
116
122
3
143
257
267
342
344
5
348
50
354
Gujarat, Sultanate of
8
122
143
9
266
348
50
Muzaffarids
173
Bahādur
130
143
8
Gul
116
Gulbadan Begam
66
141
Gulbarga
231
273
289
Gulshan-i Ibrāhīmī
188
9
Gunābādī
161
Guptas
17
264
Gurgan
27
30
Gwalior
96
140
144
Habbarids
204
Ḥabīb al-Siyar
135
157
159
Habsburgs
325
Hadım Süleyman Paşa
342
Ḥadīqat al-ʿĀlam
189
Ḥadīqat al-Salāṭīn
187
Ḥāfiẓ
74
78
83
Ḥāfiẓ-i Abrū
154
182
Hamadan
167
188
9
Hanafism
9
10
65
6
79
95
277
292
Ḥasan Beg
120
Ḥasan
292
Hasankeyf
252
haṣṣa miʿmārları
304
Hatice Turhan
303
313
Hatice
309
Hātifī
161
Ḥātim al-Tāʾī
99
Hayreddin Barbarossa
345
Hazara
232
Herat
29
61
64
5
82
111
113
122
133
4
136
166
261
Jami mosque
264
al-Hidāya
79
80
Hijaz
81
120
341
4
ḥikmat-i ishrāqī
111
Hindī, Ṣafī al-Dīn
7
Hindū Khān
101
Hindu Shahi
41
Hiralāl Khūshdil
164
74
194
5
Hoca Saʿdeddin
356
Hondius, Henricus
353
Hondius, Jodocus Jr.
353
Hondius, Jodocus
351
3
Hormuz
116
338
344
Hungary
112
325
353
Hürrem Sultan
303
Ḥusayn
292
al-Ḥusaynī
35
Hyderabad
5
156
160
189
90
193
Ibn al-ʿArabī
111
187
Ibn al-ʿAdīm
47
Ibn al-Athīr
35
40
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī 114
Ibn Mājid
343
345
Ibn Maʿrūf, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad
80
Ibrāhīm Jābūq
138
İbrahim Müteferrika
356
60
İbrahim Paşa
308
341
2
346
Ibrahim Rauza
287
290
294
Ibrāhīm Sulṭān Mawṣillu
138
Idrīs Bitlīsī
108
117
Ikdīsh
6
Ilkhans
71
4
76
223
4
Abu Saʿīd
223
4
Arghūn
223
4
ʿImād al-Mulk
147
9
Imadshahis
Fatḥ Allāh ʿImād al-Mulk
112
imāmbāras
329
30
Imperial Atlas
351
Indian Turki
5
Indonesia
357
Indus Valley
12
38
9
265
al-insān al-kāmil
188
iqṭāʿ
93
Iranian Turkic
18
368
374
80
Iraq
18
107
109
121
156
158
176
7
205
225
317
348
377
Isfahan
30
75
81
209
al-Isfahānī, ʿImād al-Dīn al-Kātib
34
Iṣfahānī, Mīr Shāhmīr
162
al-Iṣfahānī, Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad Kātib
162
Iskandar Beg Munshī
178
195
Isparta
253
Istanbul
3
7
43
65
80
120
134
274
301
9
317
8
321
345
350
357
Blue mosque
294
Fatih
308
Süleymaniye
308
Topkapı Palace
306
308
325
360
Üsküdar
305
Izmir
304
İznik
327
Jaimini Bhāratam
110
Jainism
17
40
250
Jaipur
80
313
327
9
Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad, father of Maḥmūd Gāwān
109
Jalayirids
155
96
Aḥmad Jalāyir
143
156
Shaykh Uways
158
165
173
181
182
3
Sulṭān-Ḥusayn
158
183
Jam
255
Jamālī
190
Jāmī
78
111
377
Jāmiʿ al-Tavārīkh
34
181
Jāmiʿ al-Barr waʾl-Baḥr
175
Jāmiʿ-i Mufīdī
184
Japheth
188
Jats
39
40
43
Jaunpur
140
1
Javāmiʿ al-Ḥikāyāt
255
Jeddah
119
Jhūjhār Khān Marjān
122
Jibal
27
Juvaynī
71
181
Jūzjānī, Minhāj Sirāj 90, 93-4, 99-101
Kāʾūs
99
100
Kabirwala
Ribat of ʿAlī ibn Karmakh
262
Kabul
5
59
67
129
138
41
146
149
Kachhwahas
312
3
327
9
Kadamba
40
Kadızadelis
304
kadkhudā
168
Kamāl al-Dīn Rūmī
111
Kankthkot
39
Kannada
123
Kanwah
68
Karamanids
77
Turgutoğlu
77
Karlowitz, Treaty of
351
356
Karmash and Bangash mountains
141
Karnataka
271
Kārvān-i Hind
82
al-Kāshgharī, Maḥmūd
56
7
61
71
2
al-Kāshī
80
Kashmir
16
41
66
131
215
Katib Çelebi
18
107
351
63
Kesh
213
Khadīja Begam
186
Khāfī Khān
212
Khalajis
91
2
101
237
245
Khalīfa Beg
142
Khaljī, Muḥammad Bakhtiyār
92
Khaljis of Malwa
110
Khamsa of Niẓāmī
100
Khandesh
111
Khanua
141
Khatu
17
Shahi mosque
254
258
262
Khayyama
36
Khazars
61
khidmat
131
136
khilāfa
120
1
Khilafat movement
9
81
Khiljī, Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Bakhtiyār
237
Khokhars
92
96
Khulāṣa-i ʿAbbāsī
175
Khurasan
13
27
8
30
59
69
70
74
91
109
134
5
138
9
146
154
175
348
377
Khūrshāh ibn Qubād al-Ḥusayn
141
155
157
60
185
6
194
5
Khvāfī, Shaykh Zayn
140
Khvāja Aḥrār
66
80
Khvāja Ḥāfiẓ
146
khvāja jahān
110
Khvāja Kalān Beg
145
Khvāja Mirjān
181
Khvāndamīr
132
40
157
Khvarr
see Farr
Khwarazam
28
33
56
64
223
Khwarazmshahs
7
181
232
Jalāl al-Dīn Mangubarnī
232
235
Kirgiz
51
Kitab-ı Bahriye
338
9
342
5
347
Kitab-ı Muhit
345
50
Kitāb-i Nauras
124
Koh-i Jud mountains
232
Kök Turks
57
Konkan
115
123
Konversationsbuch
370
Konya
76
227
8
253
256
264
Alaeddin mosque, Konya
253
Köprülü family
304
309
Kufic
206
251
261
Kūfī, Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿAzīz
95
Kuhram
95
Kūkī, Bābā Qashqa
141
Kurdistan
18
Kurds
27
116
123
Kurraman
232
3
Lahore
7
13
25
39
62
145
162
215
312
Lakhnauti
237
Lakshmi
204
Lārī, Muʿin al-Dīn Jahānshāh
116
Laskarids
253
Lodi Afghans
63
67
8
139
40
143
Ibrāhīm Lodi
63
66
68
141
Maḥmūd Lodi
140
Lubb al-Tavārīkh
158
Lucknow
329
369
Lughat-i Turki
379
Lüleburgaz, Thrace
321
Luṭfī
368
Maʾās̱ir-i Qutbshāhī-i Maḥmūdī
155
185
195
Maʾās̱ir-i Raḥīmī
371
Madhya Pradesh
38
Mahdī Khvāja
137
142
Maḥmūd Gāwān, ʿImād al-Dīn
15
104
24
al-Mahrī, Sulaymān
344
5
majlis
27
328
Makran
26
Malabar
344
Malay
4
121
Malik Ambar
122
300
Malik Bahāʾ al-Dīn Ṭughrıl
259
60
Malik ʿIzz al-Dīn Kabīr Khān Ayaz
97
Malik Qāsim
141
2
Malik Santal (Sandal)
294
Malwa
38
40
2
144
mamlūk
see ghulām
Mamluks
77
94
99
119
156
316
Manāẓir al-Inshāʾ
107
Mandsaur
144
Mandu
145
Mangrol
146
266
Manisa
308
Mansura
39
Manzikert
14
25
41
3
43
69
Marathas
312
Marathi
123
Mardin, 223, 226, 252
al-Marghīnānī, Burhān al-Dīn ʿAlī Qılıj
79
Marghūb al-Qulūb
186
7
Mashhadī, Qanbar ʿAlī 177
Masʿūd Saʾd Salmān
62
Masulipatnam
111
Maʿṣūma Begum
139
Maṭlaʿ-i Saʿdayn
186
Matrakçı Nasuh
317
Mawarannahr
see Tra
Mayyafariqin
183
Mazandaran
115
Māzandarānī, Ashraf
82
Mecca
109
114
118
Mediterranean Sea
18
50
123
317
340
50
Meerut
95
Mehmed İhlas
351
Melaka
357
Melling, Antoine Ignace
309
Mengüjekids
Dāwūd II ibn Bahrām Shāh
254
Sayf al-Dīn Shāhanshāh
251
Mercator, Gerardus
351
4
Merv
29
31
48
92
263
Sultan Sanjar’s tomb
263
Mevlevism
7
Mewar
215
Mēxihcah
123
miḥrāb
17
206
249
50
258
61
264
6
278
95
Mihrişah Emine Sultan
305
Mimar Sinan
314
Mīr ʿĀlam
189
Mīr ʿAlī Shakar
188
9
Mīr Ḥusam al-Dīn Mīrak
146
Mīr Saʿd Allāh
19
Mirʾatüʾl-Memalik
347
50
Mīrkhvand
154
157
Mīrzā Mahdī Khān
369
Mīrzā Qiyām
137
Mīrzā
19
64
133
380
Mīrzā-nāma
370
Mīzān-i Turki
371
Moldavia
300
Mongols
3
7
56
65
69
71
76
7
92
105
133
165
169
181
184
214
232
3
235
243
Chinggis Khan
65
72
181
Hülegü, Mongols
243
Mosul
183
Muʿizz al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Sām
60
1
204
Mubīn
79
Mudhera
38
Mughals
1
8
9
16
7
65
9
79
83
107
123
129
195
211
23
231
267
282
292
299
331
368
71
Akbar
9
149
161
212
283
301
310
2
318
322
325
6
330
ʿAskarī ibn Bābur
139
40
Aurangzeb
9
67
108
156
277
303
310
312
328
372
Bābur, Ẓāhir al-Dīn Muḥammad
5
16
63
4
79
81
2
129
30
137
42
310
328
369
Hindal ibn Bābur
139
Humāyūn ibn Bābur
67
82
141
9
159
310
1
369
Jahāngīr (Salīm)
16
178
211
22
231
300
310
2
318
320
325
330
369
379
Kāmrān ibn Bābur
139
145
369
Khurram
215
Muḥammad Shāh
371
Shāh Jahān
119
188
214
301
310
2
320
325
330
Muḥākamat al-Lughatayn
64
Muḥammad Baharlū
136
Muḥammad Ḥaydar Dughlāt
16
130
141
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh, Prophet
172
187
206
7
211
289
92
304
316
Muḥammad Sultan Mīrzā
141
Muḥammad Taqī Beg
371
Muḥammad Yādgār
377
8
Muḥammad Zamān Mīrzā
15
6
130
49
Mullā Du Piyāza
373
Multan
38
9
100
204
232
Mundy, Peter
214
5
Muntakhab-i Dīvān-i Turki-yi ʿUbaydī
376
Murghab
31
Muş
183
Muscat
345
Muṣṭafā ʿAlī
65
107
Mustafa Darir
316
7
Muṣṭafā ibn Bayrām (Behnām)
105
123
mustaʾkila
27
Mustawfī, Ḥamdallāh
356
Mysore
9
Nagari
233
Naima
82
Nakhchivan
158
255
Momine Hatun tomb
255
Nányuè (Vietnam)
123
Naqshbandi Order
66
80
322
Nasa
28
Nasabnāma-i Shahriyārī
155
160
70
183
186
7
194
5
Nāṣir al-Dīn Qabācha
95
232
Navāʾī, Mīr ʿAlī Shīr
63
72
78
368
70
374
Nawruz
29
75
Necati
78
Negüdaris
136
Nevşehir
306
Nevşehirli Damad İbrahim Paşa
305
6
Nihāvandī, ʿAbd al-Bāqī
371
376
Nishapur
28
9
69
70
92
95
Shadyakh
29
Nīshāpūrī, Maḥmūd ibn ʿAbdallāh
155
175
87
194
5
Nīshāpūrī, Ẓahīr Al-Dīn
34
Niẓām al-Dīn ʿAlī Barlas
146
Niẓām al-dīn Awliyā
311
Niẓām al-Mulk
70
2
76
92
Niẓāmī
7
9
66
161
Nizamshahis
152
157
178
Malik Aḥmad Baḥrī
112
Noah
188
Normans
43
46
50
Nudiya
237
Nuh Sipihr
367
nūr-i Muḥammadī (nūr al-anwār)
187
211
Nūrjahān
222
Nusretüʾl-İslam veʾs-Surur fi Takrir-i Atlas Mayur
357
Oghuz Khan
78
164
181
188
Oghuz
43
5
56
7
61
69
78
83
177
237
245
Okha
146
Old Russian
113
Orissa
110
1
114
Ottomans
3
7
10
15
17
8
66
77
83
106
110
112
116
21
143
152
177
8
193
211
274
7
299
331
338
63
374
Ahmed I
304
315
320
326
Ahmed II
304
Ahmed III
305
324
Bayezid I
72
143
Bayezid II
7
342
369
İbrahim
304
Mehmed II Fātiḥ
105
120
188
274
330
Mehmed IV
303
5
Murad II
73
188
274
Murad III
315
6
325
330
Mustafa II
304
5
Mustafa III
305
Osman I
78
Osman II
315
330
Selim I
341
4
Selim II
314
Süleymān I
303
314
7
323
330
341
345
6
349
50
Süleyman II
304
Ottoman Turkish
14
18
66
108
323
330
359
60
368
374
80
Pādshāh-i Irān
74
Pādshāhnāma
214
21
Paharis
329
Pahlavis
16
208
Pakistan
232
262
312
Palas
49
354
Panipat
68
139
141
Paramaras
40
89
Parihar
89
Pashupata Shaivism
40
49
Patañjali
108
Payag
215
Pechengs
43
46
50
Penukonda
110
Persian Intermezzo
59
Phálanga
45
Piri Reis
18
317
338
9
342
356
363
pīshṭāq
222
Poland
353
Portuguese
8
18
81
104
112
118
130
143
9
282
317
338
63
Pratiharas
49
Psellos, Michael
46
Punjab
17
62
3
92
95
6
232
3
235
262
329
Punjabi Khatris
82
Punjabi Shaivites
38
Pushtu
67
Qābūsnāma
57
Qajars
16
71
75
208
9
369
Fatḥ ʿAlī Qājār Shāh
209
Qandahar, Afghanistan
133
4
138
145
149
Qandahar, Maharashtra
215
Qanjis
138
Qannauj
141
2
Qara Khitai
56
Qarakhanids
17
42
56
90
251
257
Qaraqoyunlu
16
67
72
105
112
153
96
Alvand ibn Iskandar
166
8
174
180
Bayrām-Khvāja
155
181
2
Ḥasan-ʿAlī ibn Jahānshāh
158
175
186
Iskandar ibn Qarā-Yūsuf 156, 158, 166, 174, 176-7, 180, 186, 194
Jahānshāh ibn Qarā-Yūsuf
72
156
158
167
8
174
176
180
185
9
194
Pīr Budāq ibn Jahānshāh
158
175
185
6
Pīr Budāq ibn Qarā-Yūsuf
156
158
169
Pīr-Qulī ibn Alvand
168
174
186
Qarā-Muḥammad
155
183
190
Qarā-Yūsuf
143
155
183
Qubād ibn Iskandar
167
Shāh Muḥammad ibn Qarā-Yūsuf
158
Sulṭān-Qulī ibn Uways-Qulī Quṭb al-Mulk
112
156
159
162
177
80
186
8
190
Uways-Qulī ibn Alvand
168
174
186
Yūsuf ibn Jahānshāh
186
189
Qarlughs
232
7
Nāṣir al-Dīn Muḥammad
232
7
Sayf al-Dīn Ḥasan
232
3
235
qaṣīda
78
Qazaqlıq
148
Qāżī Khān Badr Muḥammad Dihlavī
367
Qazvīnī, Fatḥ ʿAlī Qājār
369
Qazvīnī, Zayn al-Dīn
182
Qipchaqs
95
6
100
Ölberli (Ölperli)
95
100
Qiyām Beg
137
Qizilbash
57
61
66
75. 83
Afshar
61
71
74
77
Qunduz
132
3
Qushjī, ʿAlī
359
Qutbshahis
1
4
16
19
152
96
Ḥaydar ibn Muḥammad-Qulī
170
1
Ibrāhīm
156
7
160
172
179
Jamshīd ibn Sulṭān-Qulī
172
Muḥammad-Qulī Quṭbshāh
156
160
168
170
2
179
187
194
5
Sulṭān-Muḥammad
156
170
1
175
179
184
5
190
194
5
Sulṭān-Qulī ibn Uways-Qulī Quṭb al-Mulk
see Qaraqoyu
Rabia Gülnuş Emetullah
305
Rae of Kamrud
92
Rāḥat al-Sudūr
34
Raja of Abu
39
Rajasthan
38
48
9
61
123
312
Thar desert
38
48
9
Rajputs
68
80
212
312
329
Jai Sing II
80
Rāmdās
322
3
Ramgarh
see Kuhram
Rana Sangha
141
Rann of Kutch
39
49
Rashīd al-Dīn
34
71
181
Rashtrakutas
49
Ratnagarh
see Sa
Rāvandī
34
Rawżat al-Ṣafā
157
Ray
27
30
134
al-Rażavī, Mīr Abū Turāb ibn Sayyid Aḥmad
189
Rāzī, Amīn Aḥmad
356
Red Sea
341
344
5
348
Rhodes
345
Ridaniyya
120
Riyāż al-Inshāʾ
107
8
115
120
Roe, Sir Thomas
217
21
Roger II of Antioch
240
Roussel de Bailleul
45
Rukn al-Dīn ʿAlī Mardān
238
242
Rumelia
306
Rūmī, Aḥmad-i
7
el-Rumi, Kadızade
80
Rūmī, Khalīl al-Dīn
111
Rūmī Khān
144
Rūmī, Jalāl al-Dīn
7
66 76
7
111
377
Rūmī, Muṣṭafā
68
9
Rus
92
Rüstem Pasha
345
7
Saʿdabad
167
174
sabk-i hindī
78
Saʿdī
41
74
78
100
Safavids
3
9
10
16
8
57
61
72
4
79
83
112
130
135
6
128
175
8
184
194
5
209
11
222
3
273
277
282
317
325
342
350
369
374
ʿAbbās
75
172
175
177
8
180
321
Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥaydar
73
4
134
136
178
195
Ḥaydar ibn Junayd
73
195
Husayn I
209
Junayd
73
176
195
Shaykh Safi
176
Ṭahmāsp
75
157
160
176
326
Ṣafavī, Sām Mīrzā
145
Saʿīdī Shīrāzī, Niẓām al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdallāh
187
al-Ṣaghānī
7
al-Sakhāwī
114
Sālārī, Malik ʿIzz al-Dīn Muḥammad
97
ṣalawāt
289
Saljūqnāma
34
Samanids
59
69
79
90
99
Samarqand
65
80
83
90
92
177
214
222
Sher Dor madrasa
222
Samarqandī, ʿAbd al-Razzāq
113
186
Sanāʾī Ghaznawī
62
S̱anāʾī, Khvāja Ḥusayn
161
2
164
Sangisar
115
Sanglakh
369
Sanskrit
1
27
40
110
123
204
Saragossa, Treaty of
340
Sarakhs
29
34
48
Sasanians
61
70
75
99
205
6
Saurashtra
38
42
Sayyid
62
Seleucid
226
Seljuqs
6
13
5
25
43
8
58
69
79
90
100
252
4
ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Kayqubād I
76
100
227
243
253
ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Kayqubād III
227
Alp Arslan
43
7
70
Chaghrı
27
Coinage
71
226
30
233
7
Ghiyās̱ al-Dīn Kaykhusraw I
100
241
Ghiyās̱ al-Dīn Kaykhusraw II
227
233
235
6
243
ʿIzz al-Dīn Kaykāʾūs I
76
243
253
ʿIzz al-Dīn Kaykāʾūs II
243
ʿIzz al-Dīn Qılıj Arslān II
240
1
Malikshāh
70
76
Masʿūd
76
Musā Yabghū
27
Qılıj Arslān II
76
Rukn al-Dīn Qılıj Arslān IV
243
4
Rukn al-Dīn Sulaymān II
241
3
Sulaymān
76
Ṭughrıl I
27
70
Ṭughrıl III
34
Selman Reis
105
122
Senas
237
Serbia
321
Seydi Ali Reis
8
18
345
50
362
369
Şeyhülislam Feyzullah
305
Shāh Mīr Ḥusayn
137
Shāh Muḥammad Sayf al-Mulūk
138
Shāh Niʿmatallāh of Kirman
109
168
9
174
178
194
Shāhjahānabād
see Delhi
Shāhnāma
59
74
100
152
211
330
Bahman
152
Bahrām
99
Gayumart
100
Kaykhusraw
100
Qubād
99
100
Rustam
94
Shajara-yi ansāb
98
Shansabanis
93
Sharada
233
5
Sharaf-nāma-yi Munyarī
368
Shattari Sufism
281
Shawākil al-ḥūr fī sharḥ Hayākil al-nūr
111
Shaybanids
see Uzbeks
Shaykh Salīm
310
322
Sheberghan
136
7
Sher Khān Sur (Afghan rebel)
148
9
Shiraz
78
83
Shīrāzī, Jamāl al-Dīn Maḥmūd
157
Shīrāzī, Rafīʿ al-Dīn
274
295
Shul
116
Sialkot
92
Ṣibghat Allāh
281
Siddhpur
Rudra-Mahalaya Shiva temple
258
Sidi ʿAli Reis
see Seydi Ali Reis
Sindh
11
39
42
130
133
4
145
148
233
245
263
Aror tomb
263
Sindhi
7
Sindh, Sultanate of
Tarkhāns
Mīrzā ʿĪsā Tarkhān
377
Muḥammad Bāqī Tarkhān
377
Singapore
357
Sinjar
183
Sirhindī, Shaykh Aḥmad 80
Sistan
134
206
Śiva
109
Sivas
43
227
9
243
253
256
261
264
266
ʿIzz al-Dīn Kaykāʾūs hospital
266
Siyāsat-nāma
70
92
Skylitzes
46
Slavs
43
Soghdia
56
Soghdian
58
Sokollu Mehmed Paşa
321
Somnath
13
25
38
43
48
61
Spanish
317
340
1
Spices
9
42
317
341
Sri Lanka
346
357
Suez
344
5
Ṣūfī Khalīl
167
Sufism
7
71
73
79
168
190
281
322
al-sulṭān al-muʿaẓẓam
70
Sulṭān-Qulī Khān
133
Sumatra
357
Surat
217
345
348
350
Suvendharay
41
Syria
44
154
158
205
225
251
260
273
Syriac
47
Ṭabaqāt-i Nāṣirī
90
Tabaristan
115
Ṭabāṭabā
114
Tabriz
72
4
158
9
165
6
174
182
Tabrīzī, ʿAbd Jaʿfar Jaʿfarī
190
Taghāy, Niẓām al-Dīn Shaykh ʿAlī
132
Ṭaghay, Yādgār Beg ʿAlī
142
3
Tahamtan Beg
132
Tāj al-Maʾās̱ir
7
108
Tajikistan
92
Tamar
230
tamgha
11
Tārīkh-i ʿĀlam-ārā-yi ʿAbbāsī
178
Tārīkh-i Fakhr al-Dīn Mubārakshāh
60
Tārīkh-i Īlchī (Tārīkh-i Quṭbī)
155
159
60
185
195
Tārīkh-i Jahangushā
181
Tārīkh-i Quṭbshāhī-yi Maḥmūdī
175
Tārīkh-i Sulṭān-Muḥammad (Tārīkh-i Quṭbshāhī)
154
164
169
183
7
189
195
Tārīkh-i Turkmāniyya
155
164
179
84
195
225
Tejen
31
Telangana
177
179
Telugu
110
Thailand
357
Thanesar
42
Thatta
130
Theodosioupolis
44
Tilak
41
Timurids
2
18
72
79
83
111
113
121
129
38
143
149
222
3
267
273
369
71
Ḥusayn Bāyqarā
64
5
74
130
132
3
136
141
Shāhrukh
65
156
158
166
169
Temür
1
62
3
134
143
156
158
166
169
173
186
213
4
328
Ulugh Beg
65
80
ʿUmar Shaykh Mīrzā
65
6
80
Tīpū Sulṭān
9
118
Tōdar Mal
312
Toghuz
see Oghuz
Tokat
178
Tordesillas, Treaty of
340
Töre Beg
184
5
Trachaneiotes, Ioseph
44
5
Transoxiana
56
7
61
68
79
134
137
146
348
377
Tungabhadra
111
Tunisia
285
Turan
67
Turkestan
95
6
Turkmen
16
27
70
72
116
152
96
Turkmenistan
25
Turushka
60
Tus
223
al-Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn
359
Ucch
101
ʿulamāʾ
80
281
293
Ulugh Mīrzā ibn Muḥammad
141
Ulughkhānī
114
Ulus
64
135
158
ʿUmar
292
Umayyads
205
ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān
205
207
Una
38
Urdū Shāh
135
6
148
Urdu
108
115
123
156
289
Ustād ʿAlī Qulī
68
9
Ustād Manṣūr
319
ʿUthmān
292
Uyghur empire
51
Uzbek
66
Uzbekistan
92
223
Uzbeks
133
136
9
175
178
181
Qarā Khān
139
Shaybānī Khān
74
133
5
ʿUbayd Allāh Khān
18
9
376
7
Uzgend
251
vaḳıfnāme
301
321
Vakīl al-Salṭānat
67
110
142
Van, Lake
155
Varāha Purāṇam
110
Varanasi
see Be
Venice
317
Veraval
38
42
49
Vienna
7
351
362
Vietnam
see Ná
Vijayanagara
110
113
116
283
Visnagar
354
Wallachia
300
Walters Sea Atlas
350
Wine
28
9
42
375
Xinjiang
65
78
Yalangtūsh Bahādur
222
Yamuna
see Ga
Yaqut Dabuli
289
Yasa, Mongol law
72
Yasak, Oghuz law
72
Yazd
168
175
178
256
Yazdī, Sharaf al-Dīn
173
Yemen
42
123
Yeni Cami
303
Yoga Sūtra
108
Young Turks
79
Yūnus ʿAlī
140
Yūsuf ʿAdīl Turk
110
Zāʾicha-i Ṭāliʿ
190
Ẓafarnāma
173
180
Ziyarids
Kaykāʾūs
57
Zonaras
46
Zoroastrianism
75
206
7
Ẓuhūrī
164
Zulfiqar
208