Index
Illustration references are in italics
Abbot
43, 66, 86, 105, 154, 179, 205, 205, 231, 237, 244
Acts of Mercy, Charitable (or Corporal)
35, 36
Adam
21, 23–24, 23–24, 65, 81, 87, 101, 111, 119, 125–26, 149, 155, 157, 173, 180, 220, 232, 236, 248
Ages of Man
159, 163, 234, 236
Agincourt, Battle of
17, 52, 229
Albertus Magnus, on memory
147
angel (Angelus)
13, 23, 23, 50, 53, 66–67, 100, 148, 165, 170, 195, 196, 218, 218–19, 225, 238–39
Anne of Beaujeu, regent
73, 200
Anne of Burgundy, duchess of Bedford
52
Appleford, Amy
16n31, 20, 34n71, 46n97, 67
Aquinas, St. Thomas
19, 163
Archbishop
11, 13, 83–84, 103–04, 151–52, 176–77, 202, 202, 229–30, 242
Aristotle
147, 158
Armagnacs
51, 229
armor
22, 62, 83, 104, 151, 167, 176, 201, 201, 242
Arras (France), snow sculptures
60
Ars Moriendi
72, 156, 165
Arthur III, duke of Brittany, Constable of France, count of Richemont
54n115, 229
Arthur(ian)
151, 167
Ash Wednesday
9, 145, 150
Assen, Benedictus Antonio van
39
astrology
87, 111, 155, 161, 180, 206, 231
astronomy/Astronomer
21, 87–88, 111, 155, 180, 206, 231
Atonement
157, 166
Audelay, John
“Three Dead Kings”
161–62
Auden, W. H.
41
Augsburg (Germany)
42
Augustine, St.
163
Author
16, 53, 65, 73, 75, 147–48, 170, 172, 193–95, 196, 218, 218, 219, 225–26, 235, 238
Auvergne, Martial d’, poet
8
Bal des Sauvages (Bal des Ardents)
54, 150, 228
Baret, John, cloth merchant
11, 14, 15
Basel (Switzerland), mural at
58, 62
Beckington, Thomas, bishop, tomb of
10
Bedford Master
51
Beram (Croatia), mural at
22–23n45, 22, 44n92, 58, 146, 232, 237
Bergman, Ingmar
9
Berlin (Germany), mural at
58
Besançon (France), performance at
32
Biggleswade (Bedfordshire), brass at
34
Bignon, Johan, printer
69
Bishop
10, 22, 36–37, 45, 104–05, 151, 153, 177–78, 204, 204, 227–30, 237, 243
Black Death; see plague
Boethius
Consolation of Philosophy
146
book of hours
Bedford Hours (London)
51n105
Hours of Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian I (Berlin)
8
Morgan MS. M.359 (New York)
58, 238
MS. Rothschild 2535 (Paris)
54–55, 55, 58, 212, 228, 235
Spitz Hours (Los Angeles)
48, 50
printed books of hours
58, 59
Bosch, Hieronymus
Death and the Miser
233
Bourges (France)
52, 229
Brailes, William de, illuminator
163
brasses (memorial)
9, 9, 34
Bristol
church of All Saints, stained or painted cloth at
33–34
Bromyard, John, author
231
Bruges (Belgium), performance at
32, 56, 61
Bruno, St., founder of Carthusian Order
157, 239
Brussels (Belgium)
Notre Dame du Sablon, carvings at
44
Burgher of Paris
48–49, 52, 54, 230
Burgundian(s)
51, 55–56, 60, 229
Bury St. Edmunds (Suffolk)
church of St. Mary, tomb effigy at
11, 14
Benedictine Abbey
15, 158
cadaver effigy: see transi tomb effigy and double-decker monument
Canterbury Cathedral (Kent)
11, 13, 147
Cardinal
22, 55, 60, 81–82, 101–02, 119, 150, 174, 199, 199, 226–27
Carpenter, John, town clerk of London
3, 15–16, 34n71, 46, 58, 62
Carthusian Miscellany
10–11, 12, 26n57
Castle of Perseverance, The
21, 49
Caudebec-en-Caux (France), possible performance at
32n68
Caxton, William, printer
145
Chaise-Dieu, La (France), mural at
21, 23n45, 58, 232
“Chambéry roll”
42–44, 171, 226, 241–49
Charlemagne
83, 149, 151, 175, 198, 229
Charles VI, king of France
17, 19, 33, 51–55, 151, 175, 198, 227, 229, 234, 238
Charles VII, king of France: see Dauphin
Charles VIII, king of France
73, 200
Chaucer, Geoffrey
32, 64, 148
Boece
146
Canterbury Tales
8, 20, 67, 154, 161–62, 230
Chester Websters’ Doomsday play
24
Chichele, Henry, archbishop, tomb of
11, 13
child(ren)
28, 43, 46, 81, 97, 116, 119, 148, 163, 166, 190–91, 216, 216, 236–38, 248
Christian Prayers and Meditations
39–40, 40
Clopton, Hugh, mayor of London
37
Clusone (Italy), mural at
58
Colonna, Oddo; see Martin V, pope
Combe, William, satirist
10, 39
commemoration
6, 8, 17, 33–34, 46, 161
concatenation
41, 43–44, 55, 226, 233, 236, 238
conqueror
19, 146
Constable
6, 43, 54n115, 60, 62, 83, 151, 161, 167, 175–76, 201, 201, 228–29, 242
Cooke, Thomas, brass of
34
Coventry (Warwickshire), misericords at
35–36, 36
cryptoportrait; see portraiture
Dança General de la Muerte
43–44, 57, 171, 226
dancing
20, 23, 32, 41, 45, 73, 152–54, 161, 192, 201, 208, 212, 230, 233, 235
line-dance
32
round dance
32
Danse Macabre des Femmes, La,
8, 62, 70–73, 74, 171, 194–95, 200
Dante Alighieri
149, 158
Dauphin (Charles VII)
17, 52, 61, 228–30
“Dawns o Bowls”
2n4
Day, John, printer
39
Day, Richard, printer
40
Dead King
19, 52–53, 53, 59, 59, 73, 164, 170, 192, 218, 218
Death: see Mors, mort (le/la), Death
deathbed
4, 25n52, 50, 152, 154, 231
despair
150, 152
dialogue
6, 8, 32, 34, 44n93, 46, 64–65, 69, 166, 232, 234
Dijon (France), mural at
56, 60
Division des Orleanois contre les Anglois
61
Doomsday (Last Day of History)
21, 24, 153, 155, 160, 162, 166
double-decker monument
9–11, 10, 13
dress, costume, clothing
9, 36, 53–54, 62, 202, 204, 206–07, 210–12
vestments
academic
53, 170, 196, 196, 206, 206, 211, 211, 213, 213, 217, 217, 218, 219
monastic
154, 157–58, 166, 205, 209, 209, 216, 216, 217, 217
Duke
56–57, 57, 228–29
Durandus
Rationale Divinorum
197
Dürer, Albrecht, panel painting
149
Eden, Garden of
21, 23, 23, 149
Emperor
43–44, 60, 65, 149–50, 173, 197–98, 197, 227
Erasmus
Adages
148
Eve
21, 23, 23–24, 149, 157
Everyman
20–21, 154
Expulsion
23, 23
Eyck, Jan van, painter
55
Fall of Man
21–22, 24n47, 149, 157, 232, 236
Ferté-Loupière, La (France), mural at
62
Fèvre, Jean le
41, 48, 55
Le Respit de la mort
41
Fortune (Wheel of)
19, 22, 44n92, 79, 97, 145–50, 153–55, 163, 218, 230, 237
fresco
21–22, 22, 23n45, 44n92, 58, 146, 152, 232
friars
247
Dominican
42, 58, 209, 231
Franciscan
44–45, 49, 72, 75, 162–63, 216, 216, 236
Froissart, Jean
Chroniques
54, 228
Genesis
23, 23–24, 31, 228
Gertsman, Elina
31–32
Gibson, Gail McMurray
11, 15
Glyn, Guto’r; see “Dawns o Bowls”
Gottfried, Robert S.
26
Grange, Jean de la, cardinal, effigy of
227
Haarlem (Netherlands), painted panels at
44, 47
Harcigny, Guillaume de, physician, effigy of
234
Heidelberg Totentanz block book
61, 161
Heidelberg Totentanz manuscript
42
heaven
20, 24, 147, 157, 160, 164–65, 208, 237–39
hell
20, 24, 145–46, 153, 157–58, 165, 231, 234, 238–39
Henry V, king of England
17–18, 33, 52, 54n116, 146, 150, 158, 161
Henry VI, king of England
17, 51n105, 52
Henry VII, king of England
166
Henryson, Robert
“Ressoning betuix Deth and Man”
26, 145
Herbert, William, earl of Pembroke, elegy for
2n4
Hermant, Jean, painter
51
Hexham Abbey (Northumberland), painted screen at
35
hierarchy
20, 44, 56, 73, 148–49, 171, 228–29, 236, 238
Hoccleve, Thomas
25n52, 63–66
Regiment of Princes
63, 65
“To lerne to die”
63
Holbein, Hans, the Younger
23, 205
Images of Death X
, 23, 23–24, 39n82, 205
Holkham Bible Picture Book
146
Hollar, Wenceslaus X
, 39n82
Hrastovlje (Slovenia), mural at
23n45, 58
Huizinga, Johan, historian
25
Hundred Years’ War
228
Isidore of Seville
155
Jedburgh (Roxburghshire), performance at
32n68
Joan of Arc, St.
17
Job
228
John, duke of Bedford
51n105, 52, 55, 56n119, 229
John, duke of Berry
6, 49
John the Fearless, duke of Burgundy
52, 54, 56n118
Kalender and Compost of Shepherdes
155
Kastav, Vincent of, fresco by
22, 22, 146
Katherine of Valois
52
Kermaria (France), mural at
32, 32
Kernascléden (France), mural at
58, 60
Kerver, Thielman, printer
58, 59
Kierkegaard, Søren
150
King
5–6, 7, 11n22, 17–19, 18, 22, 26n55, 31, 32, 38, 43, 45, 52–55, 55, 59–60, 61n128, 73, 82, 121, 146, 150–51, 155, 157–58, 161, 164, 170, 174, 192–93, 199–200, 199, 218, 227–28, 230, 238, 241;
Dead King
Knight
9, 22, 122, 152, 177, 202–03, 202, 228–31, 243
Langland, William
Piers Plowman
145–46
Last Judgment; see Doomsday
Lisle, Psalter of Robert de
5, 7
Llancarfan (Glamorgan, Wales)
church of St. Cadoc
28, 29
London
Charterhouse
5
Old St. Paul’s Cathedral
1, 2, 5n12, 69
Pardon Churchyard, paintings at X,
1–5, 2, 15–16, 31, 33–34, 37, 39, 164, 166
Survay of London; see Stow, John
Westminster Abbey
18
Long Melford (Suffolk)
33
Louis, duke of Orléans
6, 52, 54
Lübeck (Germany)
58
Ludlow (Shropshire), brass at
34
Luttrell Psalter
162
Lydgate, John
“Bycorne and Chychevache”
16n29
Fall of Princes
39, 69
“Prohemy of a Mariage betwix an Olde Man and a Yonge Wife”
3n5
Lydgate anthology
66, 68
Testament
158
Troy Book
158, 160
“Tyed with a Lyne”
2, 16
macabre, macabré, Machab(r)e
2–3, 41, 60, 64–65, 70, 79–80, 99, 147–48, 164, 225
Magnificat
19
Mailly, Jean de, bishop of Noyon
56n119
Maisoncelles, Jean de, painter
60
Makkabeusdans
44
Mâle, Émile
25, 149
Malory, Sir Thomas
151
Mandeville’s Travels
64
Mannyng of Brunne, Robert
163
manuscript illumination
5–6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 27, 42, 48, 50, 51, 54n113, 55, 58, 63, 146, 152, 158, 162–63, 212
Marchant, Guy(ot), printer
43, 57, 61–62, 71–75, 74, 170
Marchant, Jean
72
Marnef, Geoffroy de, bookseller
62, 72n156
Martin V, pope
226
Mary of Burgundy, duchess
8, 46, 47
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
8, 44, 46, 47
memoria: see commemoration
merchant(s) (Mercator)
11, 22, 24, 43, 73, 75, 89, 115, 156, 167, 207, 207, 232, 245
Meslay-le-Grenet (France), mural at
53, 62, 218
Metnitz (Austria), mural at
58
Metz, Guillebert de, scribe
57–58n121
Miélot, Jean, author and scribe
22
Minstrel
65, 75, 94, 113–14, 160–61, 167, 187–88, 213–14, 213, 235, 247
mirror, mirroring
5–6, 15–17, 31, 80, 95, 98, 147, 162, 172, 188, 197, 204, 206, 211, 214, 225, 235
misericords
35, 36, 162, 215, 233
monasticism
Benedictines
9, 15, 67, 157–58, 166, 209
Carmelites
44
Carthusians
10–12, 43, 67–68, 110, 157, 166, 183, 208, 208, 232–33, 239, 245
monologue
39, 42
Montacute, Thomas, earl of Salisbury
61
Montereau (France)
52
More, Sir Thomas
5
Four Last Things
4
Morella (Spain), mural at
32, 44, 45
Mors, mort (le/la), la muerte
8, 19n35, 21–22, 31, 34, 44, 65, 125, 145, 171
Mors de la Pomme, Le
22, 232
Moulin, Denis du, bishop
230
music/musical instruments
22–23, 23, 50, 53, 73, 74, 84, 94, 114, 123, 152, 160–61, 177, 188, 195, 213–14, 213, 228, 235
Newark (Nottinghamshire)
church of St. Mary Magdalene
28, 30
Nine Worthies
198;
Arthur and Charlemagne
Norwich (Norfolk)
church of St. Andrew, stained glass at
36, 37, 151
N-Town plays
Death of Herod
19n35, 31
Raising of Lazarus
145, 159
Owst, G. R.
31
Paris
17, 51, 238
Abbey of Saint-Victor
61, 70
College of Navarre
72, 239
Holy Innocents (church and cemetery)
1, 6, 8, 17, 33, 48–49, 49, 51–52, 55–57, 61–63, 70, 80, 147, 150, 171, 194, 201, 209–10, 225–27, 230, 233, 236
Hôtel d’Artois
56
Patriarch
38, 102, 150–01, 175, 201, 201, 228, 242
patronage
6, 15, 33–34, 41, 46, 49, 51, 54–56, 72
performance/performativity
31–32, 41–43, 56, 61n128, 147, 150, 171, 241
Petit, Jean, printer
62
Petrarch, Francesco
146
Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy
22, 52, 55–57, 60–61, 70
Physician
43, 59, 159, 186, 211, 211, 234
pilgrim(age)
20–21, 22, 24, 36, 73n160, 80, 147–48, 154
plague, bubonic IX–X
, 17n32, 25–26, 28, 48n98, 146, 157, 159, 163
Pope
1, 17, 19, 22, 41, 43, 65–66, 69, 79–82, 100–02, 118, 120, 146, 148–49, 151, 172–73, 175, 197, 197, 226–30
portraiture
44, 46, 52, 53, 54, 55, 154, 192, 198, 238
author portrait
47, 73, 170, 195–96, 196, 218, 219
cryptoportrait
55, 198, 200
proverbs
148, 150–52, 154–57, 159, 162, 164, 166–67
Puddephat, Wilfrid
37–38, 38, 164
purgatory
20, 157
Reims (France)
17, 228
Rikele, John, tregetour
19, 95, 161
Rochester Cathedral (Kent), mural at
146
Rohan Master
51
Roovere, Anthonis de, author
44n93
Rosenfeld, Hellmut
42
Rosslyn Chapel (Midlothian), carvings at
35–36, 35
Rouge, Pierre Le, artist
62, 73, 194–95, 210
Rowlandson, Thomas, satirist X
, 39
Rudying, John, archdeacon, brass of
34
Saint-Denis, royal abbey of (France)
52, 54, 238
Salisbury (Wiltshire)
church of St. Edmund, painted cloth at
33
church of St. Thomas of Canterbury, mural at
153
Salle (Norfolk), brass at
9, 9
salvation
24, 46, 147, 152, 156–57, 164, 234, 239
Sanguin, Guillaume, merchant
56
Schism, Great
149, 226
Seven Deadly Sins
156, 158–60, 164, 232–34
Seymour, Edward, duke of Somerset
4n11
Shakespeare, William
146
Hamlet
20, 31, 157
Henry V
17
shroud
6, 7, 9, 9, 10, 11, 12–14, 18, 29, 31, 32, 37–38, 40, 46, 47, 53, 55, 57, 59–60, 170, 173–74, 197, 197, 199, 199, 201–02, 205–07, 205–09, 211, 211, 213–18, 213, 215–18, 227
Siege of Jerusalem
64
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
198
Sint-Truiden (Belgium)
Beguinage of St. Agnes, mural at
28
snowmen
60
Sparham (Norfolk)
church of St. Mary, painted panels at
34
Speculum Humanae Salvationis
147
Spitz Master
48, 50
stained glass X
, 34, 36, 37, 46n95, 151
Stanford on Avon (Northamptonshire), stained glass at
34
Stow, John
3, 46, 65
Survay of London
3, 15n28
Stratford-upon-Avon (Warwickshire)
Guild Chapel, murals at
37–38, 38, 62, 164
Three Living and the Three Dead, Legend of the (Le dit des trois morts et trois vifs)
5–8, 6–7, 26, 27, 49, 71, 161, 195;
Audelay, John
Thrupp, Sylvia
26
Totentanz
8, 42, 58, 61, 161, 171, 235, 237
Tottel, Richard, printer
18, 18, 39, 69
transi (cadaver) tomb effigy
8–9, 9–10, 11, 13–14, 218, 227, 234
Tregetour: see Rikele, John
Triumph of Death
146
Troyes, Treaty of
52, 56
Ulm (Germany), mural at
58
Usurer, usury
43, 91, 158, 185, 209–10, 209, 233–34
Vado Mori
9, 42, 194, 241
vanitas
44n93, 207, 234
Vérard, Antoine, printer
58, 62, 72, 194, 209
vestments
10, 11, 13, 22, 32, 36–38, 45, 50, 55, 57, 60, 81, 101, 119, 150, 153, 156, 166, 197, 197, 199, 199, 201–02, 204, 204, 207, 207, 215, 215, 227, 232
Vianen (Netherlands), effigies at
10n21
Vigne, André de la
Le vergier d’honneur
73, 195
Villon, François
Testament
235
Vostre, Simon, printer
58
wall painting, mural
3, 5–6, 6, 15, 22, 28–29, 29–30, 32–33, 32, 37–38, 38, 41–42, 44–45, 45, 48–49, 51–58, 53, 60–63, 60, 68, 73, 146–47, 151–53, 164, 171, 194, 196, 198–99, 201–02, 209–10, 214, 218–19, 225–27, 229–30, 233, 235, 237;
fresco
weaponry (arms)
9, 18, 23, 26, 32, 34, 47, 74, 83, 85, 107, 122, 145, 149, 153, 167, 173, 176, 197, 197, 199, 201, 201–02, 211, 213, 217, 227, 230
Wells Cathedral (Somerset), tomb monument at
10
Wijsmans, Hanno
70
wildmen (hommes sauvages)
53–54, 150, 228
Willoughby, Sir Richard, monument of
9n21
Windsor (Berkshire)
St. George’s Chapel, misericord at
35, 162, 215, 233
Wollaton (Nottinghamshire), monument at
9n21
woodcut
1, 18, 18, 23–24, 23–24, 38, 57, 57, 61–62, 69, 73–74, 74, 145, 149, 165, 170, 194–219, 196–97, 199, 201–02, 204–09, 211, 213, 215–18, 225–26, 229–30, 233, 237
Worde, Wynkyn de, printer
156
worms, intestinal
6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 18, 18, 28, 31, 57, 64, 69, 74, 98, 164, 188, 192–93, 199, 202, 205, 204–08, 211, 213, 217, 218, 231
Würzburg (Germany)
42
Wytteney, William, Bristol citizen
33–34
Yersinia pestis
9, 25;
plague