Index
A Feng 阿風
141n, 164
Accusation
(
False Accusation
) 92, 121, 132, 150, 158, 162
Administrative Errors (Public Crimes)
114, 128, 139
Adultery
108n, 159
Affrays
35, 123n, 132, 133
Amnesty
29
Appeal
23, 24, 25, 30, 35, 41, 128, 131, 133, 141n, 142n, 153
Arrest (Arrested persons)
37, 39, 82, 83, 87, 88, 90, 94, 106n, 107, 124, 127, 130, 132, 150, 151, 153
Baiyi xinpan 百一新判
73, 172
Banditry
37, 44, 107, 108, 114, 123, 139, 150
Beating, as punishment
3, 22, 26n, 43, 53, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128n, 129, 130n, 132, 133, 161
Beheading
150, 153, 156, 159, 160
Bribery (Bribes)
6, 36, 51, 92, 93, 151
Buddhism
89, 146, 149
Buddhist monks
(
see Monks
)
Buddhist temples and monasteries
89, 120
Canton
(
see Guangzhou
)
Casebooks (pandu)
1–2, 5, 9–14, 19, 27, 29, 31, 36n, 38n, 46, 48, 51, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59–75, 76–77, 78–85, 87–90, 93, 97, 99, 100–105, 106, 108, 109n, 110, 112, 113, 120, 122, 123, 134, 135, 137–139, 143
Censors
(Censorial officials) 20, 21, 41, 45n, 48, 49, 50, 53, 63, 67, 69, 86n, 91, 92, 100, 110
Censorate
7, 10, 21, 47, 49, 86, 100, 111n, 115
Chen Zisheng 陳子升
84, 179
Chen Zizhuang 陳子壯
3, 24, 83–87, 100, 165, 179
Chenghua 成化 (Emperor and the reign)
6, 49, 50
Chongzhen 崇禎
Emperor
21, 49n, 52, 84, 87, 94, 95n, 100, 101, 138
The reign
3, 8, 50, 66, 74, 82n, 88, 91, 92, 94, 96, 99, 101, 112, 128n, 138, 148, 165, 179
Circuit intendant (daotai)
16, 22, 23, 24, 39, 40, 110, 111, 112, 116, 130, 140, 142n
Civil law (civil cases, civil disputes, civil justice, “minor” cases)
10, 11n, 12, 13n, 22, 24, 31, 70, 71, 72, 104, 108, 113, 118–120, 134, 135, 164, 168
Civil Service Examination
13, 46, 47, 55–58, 60, 61, 65, 71, 77, 78–80, 81, 84, 92, 101, 103, 126, 137, 138, 142, 166
Ming fa 明法 examination
56
Clerks
6, 20n, 64, 74, 107, 114, 122, 126, 128n, 173
Compensation
Financial
35, 40, 115, 116, 128, 129, 133
Other forms
31, 123, 132, 133
Complaints
24, 25, 30, 33, 34, 62, 69n, 108, 109, 110, 113n, 115, 119, 128, 129, 135, 154, 156, 157, 158, 160, 162
Confucianism
92n, 99, 137, 164, 171, 178, 180
Consistency (Judicial consistency)
1–3, 6, 8, 13, 14, 17, 29, 31, 42, 46, 59, 70, 77, 79, 105, 106, 113, 118, 128n, 135, 139, 143
Contracts
11, 69n, 181
Corporal punishments
5
Coroners
64, 159
Corruption
27, 30, 36–38, 74, 79, 82n, 88, 94, 99, 125, 128, 136
Counterfeiting
114, 129–131, 132n
Courtroom
76, 137
Da Ming huidian 大明會典 (Wanli da Ming Huidian 萬曆大明會典)
7, 16, 17n, 56n, 57, 58n, 173
Da Ming lu 大明律
(
see Great Ming Code
)
Da Ming lu li linmin baojing 大明律例臨民寶鏡
12n, 64, 65n, 109
Da Ming lügao 大明律誥
5
Dagao 大誥 (The Grand Pronouncement)
3, 5, 6, 56, 73n, 121
Dai zui Guang li 待罪廣李
81
Daotai 道台
(
see Circuit intendant
)
Daoist monks
(
see Monks
)
Death penalty
5, 23, 32, 45, 113, 121n, 127, 130, 132, 134
Decapitation
44, 107, 126, 129, 130, 131, 132n
Deqing 德清, Hanshan 憨山
79n, 145, 168
Embezzlement
125, 126, 127, 128n
Envoy
84
Exile, as punishment
122, 158
Military exile
22, 40, 74, 75, 126, 127
Life (Life-long) exile
35, 41, 121n, 133n
False Accusation
13n, 24, 44, 92, 116, 121, 159, 163
Fan’an 翻案
106, 107
Fangdan 訪單
51
Farmer, Edward
4n, 16n, 17n, 23n, 118n, 120n, 128n, 135n, 166
Fengxian 風憲
136
Fines
5, 116
Forensic, examinations and reports
64, 109, 115
Forgery (zhawei 詐偽)
108, 114, 120–122, 139
Fu she 復社
80n, 88
Genealogy
149
Gongyi 公移
106, 107
Grave Crimes
108, 114, 129–132, 139
Great Ming Code (Da Ming lü 大明律, the Code)
3–5, 29, 32, 34, 35, 38–46, 52–56, 64, 69, 109, 116n, 121n, 122n, 123n, 125n, 126n, 128n, 129, 130n, 133n, 169
Great Ming Commandment (Da Ming ling 大明令)
3, 4n, 16, 17, 20, 23, 27–28, 45, 56, 118, 120, 128n, 134, 135n, 166
Gu Yanwu 顧炎武
90, 147, 167, 179
Guangdong 廣東 (Cantonese)
16, 21, 23, 24, 28, 38n, 40, 42n, 54, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 88, 99, 100, 101, 107n, 147, 149, 151, 175
Guangdong provincial judiciary
22n, 54n, 110, 111
Cantonese officials and literati
3, 80, 81n, 83–87, 175
Guangzhou 廣州 (Canton)
16, 23, 24, 26n, 27, 30, 34, 42, 43, 64, 67, 74, 79, 80–86, 90, 100, 102, 106, 107, 120–121, 125–126, 130, 138, 139, 146, 149, 176
Han Rizan 韓日瓚
83, 85, 86, 100, 168, 170
Handbooks, for administrators and judges
3, 8, 17n, 28, 71n, 72, 178
He Wuzou 何吾騶
21, 27, 85, 86, 100, 168
Hearing
24–25, 29, 32–37, 39, 41n, 102, 109, 116, 124, 126–127, 129–130, 133, 136, 139, 140
Homicide
24, 31–34, 35, 108n, 113, 114, 115, 128, 129, 132–134, 153, 156
Hongguang 弘光 reign
87–89, 95, 100, 101, 145
Hongwu Emperor
(
see Ming Taizu
)
Hongzhi 弘治 (Emperor and the reign)
6, 48, 50, 121
Hu Jie 胡介
73
Huang Ming tiaofa shileizuan 皇明條法事類纂
7, 166, 172, 177, 181
Huang Benji 黃本驥
18, 168
Huang, Philip
10, 11n, 164, 168
Huang Zhangjian 黃彰健
6n, 7n, 34n, 168–169
Illness
115
Independence, institutional and judicial (Independent)
1, 15, 17, 20, 25, 26, 42, 44, 46, 137
Inheritance
26n, 34–35, 71n, 74, 90, 108, 113, 116–118, 119–120, 134, 139, 146, 177
Injustice (yuan 冤)
6, 20, 21, 24, 26n, 27, 30, 33, 39, 42, 44, 45, 108, 113, 114, 115, 123n, 132–134, 139, 150, 154–158
Interrogation
16, 17, 19, 22, 24, 31, 36, 37, 44, 109n, 131, 150, 152, 156, 157
Investigations, as judicial procedures
16, 20n, 28, 30, 32, 35, 38n, 62, 65, 109n, 130, 136, 152, 154, 159, 160
Japan (Japanese)
7n, 11, 12n, 13n, 71, 93, 179
Jiajing 嘉靖 reign
8, 49, 50, 53, 54, 64, 73, 137
Jiang Yonglin 姜永琳
4n, 29n, 35n, 39n, 41n, 43n, 44n, 67n, 68n, 69n, 73, 109n, 116n, 121n, 122n, 123n, 125n, 126n, 128n, 129n, 130n, 133n, 169
Jianyang 建陽, Fujian
61, 64, 69n, 108n
Jiaomin bangwen 教民榜文
4n
Jiaqing 嘉靖 (Emperor and the reign)
80
Jinshen 矜審
106, 107
Jingyin shishe 驚隱詩社
89, 90n, 179
Jinshi 進士 degree
2, 18, 47, 48, 50–52, 53, 78, 79, 80, 87n, 93, 99, 142
Judicial consistency
(
see Consistency
)
Judicial performance
8, 13, 14, 38, 46, 48, 53, 55, 63, 77, 79, 83, 94, 98
Judicial review
21, 42, 95, 109, 110, 111, 135
Judicial rulings
2, 3, 13, 14, 17, 24, 31, 36, 38, 44, 46, 51, 53, 55, 57, 62, 64, 66, 77, 78, 80, 106, 112, 134
Justice
1, 26, 34, 36, 45, 46, 77, 156, 165
Administration/handling of
5n, 8, 42, 47n, 54, 68, 78, 93, 142, 170
Civil justice
10, 168
Minister/ministry of Justice
21, 23, 94, 111n
Office of Scrutiny of Justice
94, 100
Quality of
3, 13, 17, 18, 29, 54, 63, 77, 112, 136
Kanhe 勘合
106, 107
Kangxi 康熙 (Emperor and the reign)
18, 20, 80, 90n, 140, 141, 142n, 146, 147, 148n
Kidnapping
26, 33, 39, 122, 156, 159
Lantai fajian lu 蘭台法鑑錄
49, 50, 168
Learning of the Heart Movement (Xinxue 心學)
91
Legal advisor (Legal Secretary)
3, 9, 142
Legislation
3, 4n, 6, 8, 23n, 55, 166, 169
Li Changqi 李長祺
93
Li Chunfang 李春芳
91, 92, 99
Li Qing 李清
2, 11, 14, 17, 23, 25, 26, 29, 41, 46, 52, 55, 64, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 78, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 108, 109, 110, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 123, 124, 125, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 177
His biography
90–95
His involvement in publishing Zheyu xinyu
96–99
His works
170
Li Sicheng 李思誠
92, 93, 99, 117, 138
Li Yue 李樂
79, 86, 170
His “foreword” to Yan Junyan’s casebook
87–88, 100, 101
Lidai panli pandu 歷代判例判牘
9n, 12, 52n, 65n, 67n, 68n, 99, 122n, 171, 173
Literary society
84, 88, 89, 99, 146
Litigation, the prolonged process of
35, 36, 42, 115, 120
Litigation master
11, 113n, 171
Local gazetteers (fangzhi 方志)
9, 80, 91n, 147, 148n
Lu Ao 陸鏊
27, 28n, 33, 45, 68, 85, 86, 100, 171
Lu Yunlong 陸雲龍
96–97, 169, 171
Lu Zhaolong 盧兆龍
27, 84–86, 87, 100, 171
Macau
28, 84n, 86, 101n
Magistrate
1, 2, 3, 10, 16, 17, 21–26, 39, 43, 44, 46, 47–48, 49–52, 53, 66, 67, 68, 69n, 71, 72, 73, 75, 82, 94, 106, 110, 111, 115, 126, 128, 132n, 133, 134, 135, 136, 151–152, 160–161, 169
Qing magistrate
13n, 15, 70, 140–141, 142n
Their problems in judicial duties
29–38
Mao Yilu 毛一鷺
67, 68, 73, 108, 122n, 135n, 171
Marriage
33, 51, 62n, 71n, 108, 113, 139, 145
Case analysis of marriage
115–116
Remarriage
133
McKnight, Brian
9, 62n, 171
Mengshui zhai cundu 盟水齋存牘
2, 3, 4n, 11, 13, 14, 17, 21, 24, 25, 27, 33, 37, 42, 52, 59, 66, 67, 68, 71n, 73n, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79n, 80–83, 85–88, 100–102, 104–105, 106–110, 111n, 112, 113–115, 116, 119, 120, 122, 125, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136–139, 147–149
Sample cases
150–160
Merchants
11n, 43, 44, 74, 181
Mingshi 明史 (The Official History of the Ming Dynasty)
48n, 49n, 51n, 56n, 57n, 91n, 92, 94n, 95n, 181
Ming fa 明法 (legal test)
,
see Civil service examination
Ming Taizu 明太祖 (Zhu Yuanzhang, The Ming Founding Emperor, Hongwu 洪武Emperor)
1, 4n, 5, 6, 17, 20n, 53, 56, 142n, 164, 166, 170, 174–175
Minggong shupan qingming ji 明公書判清明集
60–63, 178
Miscellanies (biji 筆記)
9
Monks, Buddhist and Daoist
73n, 79n, 114, 120, 121, 122, 145, 162, 163
Murder (Murderers)
31, 44, 107, 153, 156, 160
Nanhai 南海 County, Guangdong
130, 167
Ningbo 寧波
7n, 18n, 55, 64, 70, 78, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 103, 120, 122, 125, 127, 138, 165
Ōno Kōji 大野晃嗣
48, 49, 51n, 173
Pan 判, the test and the form of essay
55, 57, 58, 63, 64, 65, 70, 76, 103, 137, 138, 142
Pandu 判牘
(
see Casebooks
)
Panyu 判語 (the test on judicial terms)
56–57, 142n, 164
Panyu 番禺 county
82, 106,
Penal Servitude
29, 32, 39, 121, 124, 126, 127, 128n, 132, 133, 134, 153, 156, 158, 163
Pirate
121, 149
Poison
39, 44, 132
Portuguese
28, 84n, 86, 100
Prefect (zhifu 知府)
19, 22, 25–26, 27, 66, 68, 82–83, 84, 85, 94, 106n, 107, 110, 111, 131, 140, 142n, 153, 160
Acting prefect
16, 25, 30, 34, 43, 82, 83–84, 94, 106, 107, 114, 130, 131, 142n
Assistant prefect (tongpan 通判)
25, 141
Vice prefect (tongzhi 同知)
25, 94
Prefectural judge (tuiguan 推官)
1–3, 8, 13–15, 47–55, 59, 64, 66, 67, 68, 73, 75, 76–77, 78, 80–82, 88–90, 93, 96, 97, 99, 100, 102, 105, 107, 109–113, 119, 125, 127–131, 134–140, 141, 142n, 143, 146, 147, 149, 172
Their basic duties
16–18
Historical development of the post
18–20
Their judicial roles in the provincial judiciary
21–26
Their other roles
27–28
Their supervision of county magistrates
29–38
Their cooperation with other the provincial officials
38–42
Their professionalism and insistence on independence
42–46
Prefectural registry (fu jingli 府經歷)
117
Prison
26n, 31, 32n, 36, 42, 46, 82n, 123, 132, 133
Prisoner
17, 24, 26, 42, 123n, 130n
Professionalism
1, 3, 13–15, 17, 42–46, 47, 77, 136, 141n, 143, 166
Property
11n, 24, 26, 30, 71n, 82n, 108n, 114, 117, 118, 120, 126, 165, 181
Provincial administrative commissioner
22, 111, 117, 126
Provincial judiciary
1, 13–15, 21–23, 25, 34, 36, 38, 41–43, 46, 54n, 59, 77, 110, 111, 134, 135, 136, 139–140
Provincial surveillance commissioner
22, 24, 41n, 44, 111, 140
Publisher (commercial publishers)
8, 55, 58n, 60, 61, 63, 69n, 78, 86, 87, 88, 96–99, 103, 108n, 138
Punishment
(
see Beating, Beheading, Corporal punishments, Death penalty, Decapitation, Exile, Penal servitude, Strangulation and Torture
)
Putuo Shan 普陀山
121, 162
Puyang yandu 莆陽讞牘
12n, 52n, 68, 120n, 122n, 128n, 132n, 173
Qi Biaojia 祁彪佳
12n, 52n, 68, 88, 89n, 108, 120n, 122n, 128n, 132n, 135n, 173
Qianlong 乾隆 Emperor
95n
Qinghua zhixuan 清華之選
48
Rape
108n, 114, 122, 123n,
Real Estate
30, 31, 107, 108, 114, 118–120, 134, 139
Redemption
5, 122, 123, 125
Reduction of punishments
32, 94, 122, 123, 126, 132
Regional inspector
3, 17, 20–25, 27, 28n, 34, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 53, 68, 93, 102, 109, 111, 112, 124, 130, 131, 132, 133, 136, 137, 141, 150, 154, 155, 157–160, 162
Regulation (tiaoli 條例)
3, 5, 6, 7, 16, 26n, 32, 34, 38, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 53, 54, 55, 57, 64, 71, 109, 112, 116, 118, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 132n, 133–135, 136
Retrial
23, 38
Revenge
92, 121
Revenue
83, 87, 108, 114, 121, 125–128, 139
Ricci, Matteo
87
Robbery
31, 32, 37
Servants (Bondservants)
20, 33, 155, 156, 158, 159
Sexual crime
108, 114, 122–123, 139,
Shen Jiaben 沈家本
5n, 126n, 173
Shen 審, shenyu 審語 (case report)
44, 65, 109, 137
Shengyuan 生員
(
see Student
)
Siliuti 四六體
57, 76, 103
Silver
5, 40, 92, 93, 116, 119, 127, 131, 133, 158, 162
Son-in-law
117–118
Song xing tong 宋刑統
62
Southern Ming
73, 87, 88, 91, 95n
Statements, of the accused
21, 22, 23, 33, 36, 37, 42, 43, 44, 62, 104, 110, 115, 122, 124, 135, 139, 155, 159, 160
False statements
33, 115, 124
The zhao 招 (the full statement of the accused)
110, 160
The you 繇 (the detailed report of the circumstances of the crime)
110, 112
Strangulation, as punishment
29, 31, 35, 39, 122, 133
Student (shengyuan)
30, 47, 58, 84, 97, 98, 107, 114, 115, 120, 122–125, 145, 160, 179
Su Shi 蘇軾
146
Subprefect (zhizhou 知州)
33–34, 153–155, 158
Subprefecture (zhou 州)
140, 153, 156, 159
Suicide
39, 43, 115, 122
Taizhou 泰州 School
91, 92, 99, 138, 171
Taxation (Taxes and Tax collection)
22, 28, 88, 89, 94, 111, 123, 124, 151,
Tam Ka-chai (Tan Jiaqi 譚家齊)
2n, 5n, 6n, 20n, 36n, 42n, 47n, 56n, 59n, 65n, 79n, 84n, 101n, 104n, 121n, 174–176
Tang Xianzu 湯顯祖
96, 103
Tangyin bishi 棠陰比事 (Tang-Yin-Pi-Shih)
60, 63, 171, 176
Theft
29, 114, 115, 123–126
Tongnian chilu 同年齒錄
48, 49n, 51n
Torture, judicial
21, 33, 35, 36n, 38n, 115, 155, 158, 175
Trade (Tradesmen)
28, 93, 161
Trial
(
Retrial
) 51, 53, 83, 104, 124
Ttui zhi xingqu 推知行取
38, 46, 47–53, 63, 69, 85, 94, 100, 102, 137, 142
Tuiguan 推官
(
see Prefectural judges
)
Uniformity (Uniform judicial performance)
2, 8, 13, 53, 58n, 59, 63, 77, 113, 129, 134, 137, 139
Wang Gen 王艮
91
Wang Kentang 王肯堂
38, 40, 45n
Wang Shizhen 王世禎
177
Wang Siren 王思任
69, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103, 138, 165, 177
Wang Yinghua 王應華
79–80, 84, 85, 86, 177
Wanli 萬曆 (Emperor and the reign)
8, 13, 40, 47, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55–58, 65, 66, 67, 69n, 108n, 112, 137
Wei Zhongxian 魏忠賢
67, 92, 138
Widows
43, 117, 119
Will, Pierre-Etienne
60n, 61n, 64n, 65n, 69n, 70n, 72–73, 80n, 107n, 108n, 164, 165, 167, 170, 172, 178
Wives
39, 40, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 122, 125, 128, 133, 159, 174
Women
33, 88, 115, 116, 129n, 146, 161
Woodblock (printing block)
60, 63, 84–87, 88n, 97n, 101, 103
Wu Na 吳納
63, 64
Wu Yanhong 吳豔紅
47n, 67n, 68n, 73, 74, 109n, 125n, 169, 178, 179
Xiangshan 香山 county
82, 84, 85, 101n, 106, 151, 152
Xinghua 興化 county, Jiangsu
90, 91n, 92, 93n, 94n, 95n, 97n, 170, 181
Xinghua 興化 prefecture, Fujian
68
Xingke tiben 刑科題本
10, 166
Xinxue 心學
(
see Learning the Heart Movement
)
Xu Guangqi 徐光啟
84n, 87
Xu Zaizhong 徐在中
82–84, 106n, 107
Xunci 㽦辭
69, 73, 74, 178, 180
Yadu 衙蠹
125
Yanlue 讞略
106, 107
Yan Dahua 顏大化
87
Yan Junyan 顏俊彥
2, 3, 14, 16, 17, 21, 23, 24, 30, 33, 34n, 36, 38n, 39, 41, 42, 44–46, 51, 52, 64, 67, 68, 71n, 74, 76, 78, 94, 99, 100–102, 104, 106, 107n, 110, 117, 119, 123, 130, 133, 135, 137, 138, 165, 168, 170, 171, 176, 177, 179
His biography
79–83, 90n, 145–146
Sources of his biography
148–149
His involvement in publishing Mengshuizhai cundu
55, 83–90
His other works
12n, 98n, 146–147
Yan Qi 顏祁
89, 146
Yan shi jianan 顏氏家難
146
Yan Xueyi 顏學易
79, 88
Yang Yifan 楊一凡
7n, 8n, 9n, 12n, 13n, 65n, 67n, 68n, 71, 99, 169, 172, 177, 180
Yiyu ji 疑獄集
60, 63, 64, 164
Yunjian yanlüe 雲間讞略
12n, 66, 67, 73, 122n, 171, 172
Zengcheng 增城 County, Guangdong
122
Zhang Juzheng 張居正
57
Zhang Xianzhong 張獻忠
94
Zhen Shu 甄淑
94
Zheng Zhilong 鄭芝龍
149, 169
Zhejiang 浙江 (Zhejiangese)
66, 67, 70, 79, 87, 88n, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99, 110, 138, 146, 147, 148
Zheyu guijian 折獄龜鑑
60, 165
Zheyu xinyu 折獄新語
2, 11, 12n, 14, 17, 25, 26, 59, 69, 71, 73, 75, 76, 78, 91, 93, 95, 96–99, 102–105, 106, 108–110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 122, 125, 128, 130, 132, 134, 135, 136–139, 167, 169, 170, 171
Sample cases
160–163
Zhu Minggao 朱明鎬
98, 103
Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋
(
see Ming Taizu
)
Zhuangshi shiyu 莊氏史獄
90