Figures

1.1 Male SSSA recipients in family transmission as a percentage of all SSSA male recipients, by half decade of first recording 12

1.2 Female SSSA recipients in family transmission as a percentage of all SSSA female recipients, by half decade of first recording 13

2.1 Numbers of SSSA contributors with Child ballad repertoires of different sizes 28

2.2 Numbers of SSSA contributors by half decade of first recording 31

2.3 Median ages of SSSA contributors (known dates of birth only) 32

2.4 Median ages of SSSA contributors (known and estimated dates of birth) 32

2.5 Numbers of Child ballad contributors by decade of birth: core population 33

2.6 Numbers of Child ballad contributors by decade of birth: Travellers 34

2.7 Numbers of Child ballad contributors by decade of birth: Revival 34

2.8 Numbers of Child ballad contributors by decade of birth: all SSSA 35

2.9 Numbers of SSSA contributors by decade of birth (known dates of birth only) 35

2.10 Numbers of SSSA contributors by decade of birth (known and estimated dates of birth) 36

2.11 Cumulated percentages of SSSA contributors by decade of birth 36

2.12 Numbers of G‑D contributors by decade of birth (known dates of birth only) 37

2.13 Numbers of G‑D contributors by decade of birth (known and estimated dates of birth) 38

4.1 Numbers of SSSA recipients by decade of birth 60

4.2 Numbers of G‑D recipients by decade of birth 60

4.3 Percentages of male- and female-sourced SSSA and G‑D non-family transmission pairs 64

4.4 Percentages of SSSA non-family transmission pairs sourced from each group 64

4.5 Percentages of SSSA non-family Child ballad transmission pairs sourced from each group 65

4.6 Percentages of recipient-source pairs in SSSA and G‑D family transmission, by sex of source 68

4.7 Percentages of recipient-source pairs in SSSA and G‑D nuclear family transmission, by sex of source 69

4.8 Percentages of recipient-source pairs in SSSA and G‑D extended family transmission, by sex of source 69

4.9 Percentages of combined G‑D and SSSA general population family transmission pairs that have male sources 70

4.10 Percentages of combined G‑D and SSSA general population family transmission pairs that are same-sex 71

5.1 Numbers of female SSSA Child ballad contributors by half decade of first recording 76

5.2 Percentages of male- and female-sourced SSSA and G‑D family Child ballad transmission pairs 79

5.3 Percentages of male- and female-sourced SSSA and G‑D non-family Child ballad transmission pairs 79

5.4 Percentages of combined G‑D and SSSA core population Child ballad contributors who are female, by decade of birth 81

5.5 Percentages of combined G‑D and SSSA core population Child ballad sources who are female, by decade of birth 82

5.6 Numbers of SSSA Child ballad sources by decade of birth 83

5.7 Numbers of G‑D Child ballad contributors by decade of birth 84

5.8 Numbers of G‑D Child ballad sources by decade of birth 84

5.9 Percentages of SSSA Child ballad contributors with repertoires of different sizes 85

5.10 Percentages of male- and female-directed SSSA and G‑D non-family transmission pairs 86

5.11 Percentages of SSSA non-family transmission pairs directed towards each group 87

5.12 Numbers of SSSA sources by decade of birth (known dates of birth only) 89

5.13 Numbers of SSSA sources by decade of birth (known and estimated dates of birth) 89

5.14 Numbers of G‑D sources by decade of birth (known dates of birth only) 90

5.15 Numbers of G‑D sources by decade of birth (known and estimated dates of birth) 90

6.1 Numbers of combined G‑D and SSSA contributors compared with Child ballad contributors by decade of birth 99

6.2 Combined G‑D and SSSA Child ballad contributors as a percentage of all contributors 100

6.3 SSSA and G‑D Child ballad contributors as a percentage of all contributors 100

6.4 Percentages of SSSA and G‑D recipient-source pairs in family transmission sourced to each generation 102

6.5 Percentages of SSSA and G‑D Child ballad recipient-source pairs in family transmission sourced to each generation 102

6.6 Numbers of SSSA contributors with two or more whole Child ballads in the data, by half decade of first recording 104

6.7 Median ages of male SSSA Child ballad contributors by half decade of first recording 110

6.8 Median ages of female SSSA Child ballad contributors by half decade of first recording 111

7.1 ‘Some skills’ in Scots: cities 125

7.2 ‘Some skills’ in Scots: North-East v. Scots area overall 126

7.3 Percentages of SSSA and G‑D family transmission pairs with nuclear and extended family sources 132

7.4 SSSA recipients in nuclear family song transmission as a percentage of all SSSA recipients, by decade of birth 133

7.5 SSSA recipients in extended family song transmission as a percentage of all SSSA recipients, by decade of birth 134

7.6 SSSA recipients in non-family song transmission as a percentage of all SSSA recipients, by decade of birth 134

7.7 SSSA Child ballad recipients in family song transmission as a percentage of all SSSA Child ballad recipients, by decade of birth 135

7.8 SSSA recipients for whom there is information that they acquired songs in childhood as a percentage of all SSSA recipients, by decade of birth 136

8.1 Hypothetical SSSA distribution of decades of birth 139

8.2 Numbers of SSSA recipients in family and non-family song transmission by decade of birth 141

Tables

1.1 Ratios of contributors to recipients 14

1.2 Numbers and percentages of Child ballad contributions overall and those with transmission information 15

2.1 SSSA Child ballad repertoire size 29

6.1 Geographical distribution of SSSA general population contributors and core population Child ballad contributors 97

6.2 Correlation coefficients between percentage participation in Child ballad transmission, and in family and non-family transmission 108

7.1 Social background of G‑D contributors 118

7.2 Geographical background of G‑D contributors 119

7.3 Ratios of nuclear to extended family recipients for all recipients and for Child ballad recipients 131

9.1 Timeline 160

A1a Status of date-of-birth information of contributors 167

A1b Status of date-of-birth information of recipients 167

A1c Status of date-of-birth information of sources 168

A1d Status of date-of-birth information of Child ballad contributors 168

A2a Numbers of instances of song transmission, by context of transmission 169

A2b Percentages of instances of song transmission, by context of transmission 169

A2c Numbers of instances of Child ballad transmission, by context of transmission 170

A2d Percentages of instances of Child ballad transmission, by context of transmission 170

A2e Numbers of family, non-family, and childhood transmission instances 171

A2f Child ballad inter-personal transmission instances as percentages of all inter-personal transmission instances 172

A3a Numbers and percentages of SSSA and G‑D contributors and recipients as distributed across the demographic groups 172

A3b Numbers and percentages of SSSA and G‑D Child ballad contributors and recipients as distributed across the demographic groups 173

A3c Numbers and percentages of SSSA and G‑D childhood recipients as distributed across the demographic groups 174

A3d Numbers and percentages of SSSA and G‑D childhood Child ballad recipients as distributed across the demographic groups 175

A4a Numbers and percentages of SSSA and G‑D inter-personal sources as distributed across the demographic groups 176

A4b Numbers and percentages of SSSA and G‑D Child ballad inter-personal sources as distributed across the demographic groups 177

A5a Percentages of SSSA contributors born before 1900 and before 1920 (known dates of birth only) 178

A5b Percentages of SSSA contributors born before 1900 and before 1920 (known and estimated dates of birth) 178

A5c Percentages of SSSA Child ballad contributors born before 1900 and 1920 179

A6a Percentages of SSSA contributors born before 1920, by date of first recording (known dates of birth only) 179

A6b Percentages of SSSA contributors born before 1920, by date of first recording (known and estimated dates of birth) 180

A6c Percentages of SSSA contributors born before 1900, by date of first recording (known dates of birth only) 180

A6d Percentages of SSSA contributors born before 1900, by date of first recording (known and estimated dates of birth) 181

A6e Percentages of SSSA Child ballad contributors born before 1920 by date of first recording 181

A6f Percentages of SSSA Child ballad contributors born before 1900 by date of first recording 182

A7 Percentages of SSSA recipients in family transmission born before 1900 and before 1920 182

A8a Numbers and percentages of family and non-family recipient-source pairs 183

A8b Numbers and percentages of family and non-family Child ballad recipient-source pairs 183

A9a Recipients in family, non-family, and childhood transmission as a percentage of all recipients 184

A9b Recipients in family, non-family, and childhood Child ballad transmission, as a percentage of all Child ballad recipients 185

A10a Numbers and percentages of all contributors and Child ballad contributors that are male or female 185

A10b Numbers and percentages of all sources and Child ballad sources that are male or female 186

A11a Percentage change in numbers of Child ballads and Child ballad contributors between G‑D and SSSA core population 186

A11b Percentage change in numbers of Child ballads and Child ballad contributors between G‑D and SSSA Revival contributors 187

A11c Percentage change in numbers of Child ballads and Child ballad contributors between G‑D and SSSA Travellers 187

A11d Percentage change in numbers of Child ballads and Child ballad contributors recorded between the 1950s and subsequent decades 188

A12 Median ages at time of first recording of SSSA contributors and Child ballad contributors 188

A13 Modal (peak) decade of birth of contributors, recipients and sources 189

A14a Percentages of SSSA sources born before 1880 and before 1900 189

A14b Percentages of SSSA non-family sources born before 1880 and before 1900 190

A15a Percentages of G‑D sources born before 1800 and before 1840 190

A15b Percentages of G‑D non-family sources born before 1800 and before 1840 191

A16a Numbers of family recipient-source pairs, broken down by relationship 191

A16b Numbers of family Child ballad recipient-source pairs, broken down by relationship 192