Abbreviations
Many glosses, especially those used for inflectional and derivational markers, represent grammatical morphemes that occur in Russian but do not occur in Sino-Russian idiolects. Glosses of free grammatical morphemes usually represent functions in the Sino-Russian idiolects. Glosses of lexical items are just rough approximations of referential meaning.
1 |
1st person |
2 |
2nd person |
3 |
3rd person |
acc |
accusative |
assc |
associative |
conj |
conjunction |
conj:a |
unexpected follow-up conjunction used to conjoin clauses, and utterances |
conj:i |
‘coordinating conjunction used to conjoin nouns, clauses, and utterances |
com |
comment marker |
comp |
complementizer |
dat |
dative |
dem |
demonstrative |
dim |
diminutive |
dist |
distributive |
f |
feminine |
gen |
genitive |
imp |
imperative |
inf |
infinitive |
ins |
instrumental |
intens |
intensifier |
ipfv |
imperfective |
m |
masculine |
n |
neuter |
neg |
negative |
opt |
optative |
pass |
passive |
pst |
past |
pfv |
perfective |
pl |
plural |
poss |
possessive |
prep |
preposition |
pres |
present |
prs |
presentative |
ptcl |
participle |
refl |
reflexive |
sa |
solicit agreement (in Mandarin, Li and Thompson 1981) |
sg |
singular |
top |
topicalizer |