Index
Locators in italic refer to table or maps. Thus, 26t1 refers to table 1 on page 26.
agricultural production
of horodovi Cossacks
12–13
in Hetmanate
21
Ukrainian imports and exports
29, 30t2
wage earners in Ukraine
45t5, 51t7
distribution of Ukrainian workers
54t9
See also land reforms; land rights; sugar industry
agricultural proletariat
estimated numbers of
45–46, 51t7, 53–54
seasonal workers
23, 38, 45–48, 152
Alexander I, (Tsar), limits on Ukrainian language imposed by
59
Alexander II (Tsar)
Temporary Rules promulgated by
42, 79
EMS ukaz
59, 91
All-Russian Congress of Soviets, Second Congress
158
All-Russian Constituent Assembly
138, 166, 242, 257, 287, 291, 357
All-Russian Council of Peasants’ Deputies, national autonomy and federalism supported by
134
All-Ukrainian Congress of Councils – First Congress, Kyiv
resistance by USDWP’s leaders to Rada’s re-election at
191, 206–7
support of workers’ and soldiers’ organisations for its convocation
201–8, 210
CPC’s Manifesto and ultimatum delivered to
232–35
first meeting in Kyiv
230–38, 351
All-Ukrainian Congress of Councils – First Congress, Kharkiv
242–49
All-Ukrainian Congress of Councils – Second Congress, Katerynoslav
347–51, 361, 366, 378
All-Ukrainian Council of Peasants’ Deputies
elected by All-Ukrainian Peasants’ Congress
122–23
seated in Rada plenary assembly
129, 142
Second Plenum called for end to war
154
Third Plenum addressed War and land reform
209–10
All-Ukrainian Council of Soldiers’ Deputies
seated in Rada plenary assembly
129, 142
affirmed popular election of officers and soldiers’ committees
253
See also All-Ukrainian Soldiers’ Congresses first and second
All-Ukrainian Council of Workers’ Deputies
284
seated in Rada plenary assembly
129, 142
All-Ukrainian Soldiers’ Congress, First
called for end to War and reorganisation of Russian army
122
called for for Provisional Government’s recognition of Ukrainian national autonomy
122–23
All-Ukrainian Soldiers’ Congress, Second
First Universal adopted by soldiers’ deputies
125–26
Provisional Government’s attempts to ban
135, 137, 192
All-Ukrainian Workers’ Congress – First Congress
participants of
130
resolutions of
129–33, 148–49
All-Ukrainian Peasants’ Congress
122–23, 154
Antonov-Ovsiienko, Volodymyr
169, 238–39, 253, 255–58, 345–46
Arsenal, Kyiv
186, 283–6, 333
support for Petrograd Soviet adopted by workers of
128, 186, 294
Kyiv branch of the USDWP in
181
uprising at
294–98, 303–5
Artem (F. Serheev)
239, 244, 245, 248
Aussem, V.
230, 245, 311, 329, 345
Austro-Marxism
Brunn Congress of
1899, 68–69
on national political autonomy for minorities
68–70, 74, 84, 99
influence on USDWP
87
Bakynsky, Serhii
205, 245, 345
Baranovsky, Khrystian
140–41
Bauer, Otto
78
Black Hundreds
See Union of Russian Peoples (Black Hundreds)
Bochkovsky, Leonard
129, 201, 280, 281, 309
Bolbochan, Petro
334, 358, 378
Bolsheviks
conception of democratic centralism
71–76
delegates on workers’ councils in Ukraine
157–58
on People’s Secretariat of Kharkiv CEC
244–45
See also Bosh, Yevgeniia; Kyiv Bolsheviks Piatakov, Hryhorii; Piatakov, Leonid; Zatonsky, V.
establishment of the MRC of
312
Bolshevik uprising in Kyiv
preparation for
293
general strike in support of
295, 298
at Arsenal
294–98, 303–5
Bolshevik rule of Kyiv
309–3, 345–6
Borochov, Ber
83–84
Bosh, Yevgeniia
229–30, 245, 248–49, 311, 318, 327, 329
Brest Litovsk
First Treaty of
262–78, 326, 348, 364, 368–9, 375
See Also Entente, Central Powers
Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius
87–88
Bund
See Jewish General Workers’ Union
Capitalist development in Ukraine
21–23
Central Executive Committee of the Councils of Ukraine (CEC)
election of in Kharkiv
170
Central Powers
173, 177–8, 210, 212, 220, 223–5, 246, 250–51, 253–4, 262
Cherikover, Elias
217–219, 297, 323, 335–337, 339, 342, 367, 369
Chudnovsky, Hryhorii
311, 312–13, 345
Committee in Defence of the Revolution
in Kharkiv
159
in Kyiv
156, 159–61
Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine (CP(B)U)
establishment of
363
Ukrainian influx into
6–7, 190, 363
Cossacks
11–19
See also Don Cossacks; Free Cossacks; Hetmanate; Khmelnytsky, Bohdan
Council of People’s Commissars (CPC)
election
114
Manifesto and ultimatum to Rada
232–38, 250
peace terms proposed at Brest Litovsk, by
246
Crimea
9–11, 15, 64, 179, 257, 311, 331, 357–9
Crimean Tatars
274, 9–11, 15, 274, 357
Dobry, Abram
378, 386–88
Donbas
22, 25, 39, 41, 50, 57, 85, 96, 103–4, 115, 145–7, 155–6, 158, 167, 175, 178, 186, 191–2, 225, 243, 248, 253, 257, 259, 279, 331, 341, 350, 359–362, 380
Don Cossacks
164, 220–21, 224–25, 229–30, 233, 237, 246–47, 255, 259
Donets-Kryvyi Rih region
54, 146, 154, 158, 181
Donets-Kryvyi Rih Republic
191, 239, 241, 359
Drahomanov, Mykhailo
88–93
Dubynsky, Pinkhus
288
Economy of Ukraine
after Russian annexation
21–2
Russian investment in
22–23
foreign trade in
24–29
expatriation of capital from
29–33
integration with all-Russian market
28–9
underdevelopment of
33–35
Eichhorn, Hermann von
381–387, 390
EMS Ukaz
banning of Ukrainian language
59, 91
Engels, Friedrich
63–71, 76, 87
Entente
118, 177–8, 210, 220–25, 250, 253, 264, 304, 334, 353
Fareinigte
See United Jewish Workers’ Party
Federalism
68–70, 74, 84, 99, 133–4, 163, 164n153, 188–9
Feshchenko-Chopivsky, Ivan
123, 130, 379–80
First Universal
See Tsentralna Rada universals
Folkspartei
See Jewish People’s Party
Fourth Universal
See Tsentralna Rada universals
Free Cossacks
emergence of
283–84
antisemitism
217–19, 299
Skoropadsky (Pavlo) elected as leader of
251
raids on Kyiv workplaces
286
targetting of left USDWP leaders
291
suppressed Kyiv uprising
294–97
involvement in pogroms
335, 337, 340
peasant committees refuse land to
372
Galicia
20map 2
panshchyna in
10, 11
influence of Drahomanov in
90–92
Russia’s claims on
109, 110–11, 186
Austro-Hungary’s interests in Eastern Galicia
265, 267, 270, 276–77
General Secretariat
See Tsentral’na Rada – General Secretariat
Gergel, Nahum
343
Goldelman, Solomon
45, 159, 196, 285, 287–8, 307, 340
Grosman, M.
336
Hetmanate
establishment of
14–15
serfdom in
18–19
as protectorate of Muscovy
15, 18
trade and industry of
21
literacy among Ukrainian men
58–9
See also Khmelnytsky, Bohdan; Skoropadsky, Pavlo
Hilferding, Rudolf
67–68
Hohol, Yoan
216–8, 300–301
Holubnychy, Vsevolod
27–8, 79
Holubovych, Vsevolod
265–66, 268, 272, 274, 292, 301, 307, 325, 334–35, 365–66, 379, 383, 386
Hopner, C.I.
190
Horwitz, Alexandr
229, 230, 293, 294
Hrushevsky, Mykhailo
117–20, 163, 255, 265, 268, 284, 335, 287, 288, 289, 324–25, 334, 335, 364
industrialisation
mobilisation of rural population to urban centres
2
impact of Russian annexation on
21, 24
construction of railways
25
branches of production in Ukraine (1904)
26–27, 26t1
foreign investors in
24–29, 33–34, 46–47
migrant labour
47
seasonal labour
38, 47, 51–52, 92, 152, 181
Jewish General Workers’ Union (Bund)
silence of Stalinist Ukrainian historians on
7
auto-emancipation of Jews advocated by
80
self-defence committees to fight pogroms organised by
81
advocated defence of Jews by UPR armed forces in
1917–18, 218
Sixth Bund Congress in Ukraine
81
readmission to RSDWP 1906
82–83
as mediator and conciliator in social democratic camp
138
opposition to Zionism
83
affinity to Mensheviks
82–83, 195
branches and membership of
194
in Jewish National Council
199, 217
representation in Rada
194–200
opposed Fourth Universal
288
Jewish National Council
199, 216–18
Jewish People’s Party (Folkspartei)
142, 196, 199, 217, 288, 379
Jewish Social Democratic Party (Workers of Zion) (Poale Zion)
83–84, 130, 142, 159, 174, 179, 194, 296–97, 199, 217, 222, 287–88, 307
See also Goldelman, Solomon
Joffe, Adolf
262–63, 266, 269, 332
Kadets
See Russian Constitutional Democratic Party
Kasianenko, Yevhen
160n142, 291, 321
Kautsky, Karl
34, 66–7, 69–71, 79, 81, 99
Kharkiv
145–57
Committee in Defence of Revolution in
156
Bolshevik delegates on workers’ councils in
158
Russian SR s in
175
Kharkiv Council of Workers and Soldiers Deputies splits over Rada
191
Kharkiv Council of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies first big city council to recognize Rada
201–2
dual power in Kharkiv between Rada and Bolsheviks
239–43
rival First all-Ukrainian Congress of Councils held in Kharkiv
241
CEC elections in Kharkiv
245
Manifesto by CEC to workers and peasants in Ukraine
246–248
Bolsheviks needed support from Russia to take control of
260
Austro-German and Rada occupation of
331, 359
See also Donets-Kryvyi Rih region; Zatonsky, Volodymyr
Khmelnytsky, Bohdan
14–16, 18, 21, 126
Khmelnytsky Regiment
121–22, 140, 221, 252, 285, 333
Khrystiuk, Pavlo
120, 284, 290–91, 303, 310, 365, 379, 383
Kotsiubynsky, Yurii
279–82, 302, 311, 329, 345, 350
Kovenko, Mykhailo
283–85, 291
Kreisberg, Isaak
159–60n142, 192, 295, 305
Kremenchuk Council of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies
203, 242, 281
See also Lapchynsky, Hryhorii
Kryvyi Rih
See Donets-Kryvyi Rih region
Kulyk, Yu.
230
Kviring, Emanuiil
348, 362
Kyiv Council of Workers’ Deputies
opposition to soldiers’ movement
121
on Ukrainisation of schools
128
in Kyiv Committee in Defence of the Revolution
156
involvement in seizure of power
160–63
Kyiv Councils of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies
vote on soviet government and state power in Ukraine
204–205
demand to Rada to face reelection
227
premises wrecked by Rada soldiers
230
closure of newspaper
286
general strike in support of Kyiv uprising
295, 298
Kyiv Council of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies
demand to end summary justice by Muraviov’s soldiers
312–13
failed to restore order in Kyiv
314–16
flight of its executive committee from Kyiv
329
Kyiv gubernia
20map 2
Kyiv Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class
85, 92
Labour Zionism
83–84
land reform
Stolypin land reform (November 1906)
47
confiscation of landed estates demanded
123, 130, 209–10, 213–14
land seizures and redistributions
122–23, 130, 153–54, 164, 212–13, 352, 372–74
land law of Rada 18 January
212–14, 293, 372–74, 376, 380, 383, 391–92
repeal of Rada land reforms in Skoropadsky’s Charter
391–92
language and literacy
EMS ukaz of Tsar Alexander II
59, 91
Russian as language of social mobility
60
See also Ukrainian language; Yiddish language
Lapchynsky, Hryhorii
188–9, 229–230, 242, 245, 279–82, 310–11, 345, 363
Lenin, Vladimir I.
67, 71–74, 77, 81–83, 85, 100–102, 134–5, 157–9, 169, 170–73, 314, 345
Lesia Ukrainka, (pen name of Liarysa Kosach)
92
Levitsky, Mykola
365
Liubynsky, Mykola
265–66
Lutsenko, I.
300, 334, 368
Luxemburg, Rosa
75–79, 81, 87–88, 229
mala rada
See Tsentral’na Rada – mala rada
Martianov, Ya. V.
245, 246, 311
Martos, Ivan
214, 299
Martov, Julius
80
Marx, Karl
3, 62, 63–69, 81
Mazepa, Isaak
6, 53, 180–81, 351
Medvedev, Yukhym
208, 275, 269–70, 272–76, 321, 326
Mensheviks
presence in Ukraine
185–90
allied with Bund
82–83, 195
position on national question
186–9
strength in trade unions
104, 370, 385
in Provisional Government
103–4
In Kyiv Duma
319, 328
In Odesa
351–2
In Kharkiv
242–3, 247
in workers’ councils
147–8, 157, 186, 339
orientation to Tsentral’na Rada
134, 137, 142, 156, 179, 365, 159, 165, 365
opposition to Rada seizure of power
159, 162, 164–5, 169
opposed Rada’s separate peace with Central Powers
222, 264, 287–8
Muraviov, Mikhail
238, 258–59, 270, 277, 279–82, 292–93, 301, 304, 306–7, 309–15, 320–21, 323, 342, 344, 345, 351, 354–56
persecution of Ukrainians by
306–7, 310–11, 313–15, 321
in Odesa
351, 354–56
Mykhailo, Maiorov
192, 311
Nalyvaiko regiment
122, 226, 304
national autonomy
Austro-Marxist conception of
68–71, 74, 84, 99
as defined in Temporary Instruction of Provisional Government
141–42, 155, 157, 202
national liberation struggle
social democrats’ interpretations of
5–6, 87
Stalinist estimation of
6–7
Marx on national liberation of Ireland
65–66
national question and national movement
and capitalist development
64–67, 76
Yurkevych on
99–102
Luxemburg on
76–79
Marx and Engels on
63
Austro-Marxists on
63–68
Kautsky on
69–71
Lenin on
71–75
Holubnychy on Marxist treatments of
79
Neronovych, Yevhen
183, 208, 222, 265, 290–91, 321, 326–27, 345, 350
Nikovsky, Andrii
159, 320–321, 337–39
Odesa
literacy in
58
population by national groups in 1897
55, 56, 351, 353
support for First Universal in
129
workers’ councils formed in
115, 145, 158
councils’ support for Third Universal
203–4
Menshevik-Bolshevik co-operation in
185, 193
Rada prevailed over Red Guards in
227, 257
Jewish self-defence in
215–216
Bolshevik-led government of
351–57
Odesa Soviet Republic
Bessarabia gubernia claimed by
353
Council of People’s Commissars of
351, 353–56, 370
Pale of Settlement
42, 79
paramedics and midwives, All-Ukrainian Union of Paramedics and Midwives
148, 151
Patlakh, N.S.
305–6
People’s Secretariat
in Kharkiv
244–45
in Kyiv
315, 327
split over response to Austro-German occupation
345
in Poltava
345–46
dissolved in Tahanrih
361–2
Petliura, Symon
110, 122, 160, 207, 213, 215–6, 218, 221, 224–5, 227, 231, 235, 240, 250–58, 260, 264, 279, 283, 285–86, 304–5, 322–24, 327, 332, 334, 339, 389
Petrograd
massacre at Winter Palace in 1905
103
protests in force abdication of Tsar
112
emergence of dual power in
113
Bolshevik-led seizure of power in
159–67
Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies
USDWP resolution to unite workers’ and soldiers’ deputies into
112
political composition of
113
Ukrainian Military Revolutionary Committee of
158, 254
Ukrainian Soldiers’ Congress in support of
123
Rada delegation seeking national autonomy rebuffed by
125, 131
response to pogroms in Chernihiv
342
Piatakov, Hryhorii
135, 162–63
Piatakov, Leonid
192, 227, 256–57, 295, 311
Piatakov, Yurii
160–62, 317, 362
Poale Zion
See Jewish Social Democratic Party (Workers of Zion) (Poale Zion)
Pogroms
42, 79, 105, 109, 214–16, 299–300, 331–340, 343, 367
Polish Democratic Centre
142, 165, 179
Poloz, Mykhailo
265, 290–91
Polubotok regiment
122, 139–40, 252, 285, 297
Porsh, Mykola
31–33, 53–4, 58–9, 95–100, 106, 131, 159, 183–4, 205, 208, 232, 253–56, 260, 275, 283, 285, 291, 294, 300, 322, 324, 365–66, 379, 381, 389
Postal and telegraph workers’ union
150
Provisional Government
formation of
112–14
on Tsentral’na Rada’s declaration of Ukrainian national autonomy
123–25
Temporary Instruction to Rada from
141, 155, 157
overthrow of
155, 158–59, 161–63, 166
Rada
See Tsentral’na Rada
Rafes, Moshe
138, 140–41, 165–66, 196, 218, 283, 286, 300, 328, 332
railway workers
as key section of working class
49
in RUP
94
All-Ukrainian Railway Workers’ Union
149–50
All-Russian Union of Railway Workers
170–220
efforts to unify unions on an industry wide basis
104
debates over national autonomy among
128–129
recruited to Free Cossacks
284
in Kyiv uprising
297, 305
failure to unite against overthrow of Rada
385–6, 391
Revolution of 1648
roots of
14–15
extension of serfdom to cossack society
14, 18–19
failure to establish independent nation state
33
Revolutionary Ukrainian Party (RUP)
founding of
93
rural workers as a priority of
93–94
urban workers’ concerns
94–95
turn to Social Democracy
95–97
RSDWP
See Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (RSDWP), Bolsheviks
Rubach, M.A.
45, 49, 51
RUP
See Revolutionary Ukrainian Party (RUP)
Russians in Ukraine
as national minority
53–8
Russian as language of social mobility
60
as minority with status of social and political majority
124–5, 200, 234, 301
national autonomy for
114
perception of threatened status of
134–5
as part of Kyiv population 1917
282
treatment of Ukrainians as “little Russians”
302
Ukrainian nationalist sentiment against
369
Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (RSDWP)
founding of
82–7
resolution on national question adopted by Second Congress
74, 85
in 1905 Revolution
105–7
See also Lenin, Vladimir I.; Bolsheviks; Mensheviks
Russian Socialist Revolutionaries (SR s)
and First Universal
134
and Third Universal
165
and All-Russian Constituent Assembly
166, 357
and General Secretariat
179
Sadovsky, Valentyn
183, 378
Schwarzenstein, Ambassador Mumm von
381, 385, 392
Second All-Ukrainian Congress of Councils
See under All-Ukrainian Congress of Councils
Second RSDWP Congress
See under Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (RSDWP)
Second Universal
See Tsentral’na Rada universals – Second Universal
Secretariat of Jewish Affairs
See Tsentral’na Rada – Secretariat of Jewish Affairs
Serheev, F. (Artem)
245
Sevriuk, Oleksandr
265–66, 272, 274
Shakhrai, Vasyl
229–30, 234, 242–50, 258, 269–70, 272, 280, 326
Shapoval, Mykyta
159, 287
Shapoval, Oleksandr
334, 336, 350
Shats-Anin, Max
218, 288, 334, 336
Shelukhin, S.
370, 375, 378–9
Shevchenko regiment
122, 226, 261, 265, 300
Shevchenko, Taras
78, 87–8, 90–91, 122, 128, 302
Sich Riflemen
283, 303–4, 324, 388–89
Skoropadsky, Pavlo
251, 254, 284–5, 364, 370, 385, 389–92, 393
Skrypnyk, Mykola
86–7, 190, 201, 245–46, 309, 327, 345–46, 348, 350, 363
Socialist Ukrainian Party (SUP)
92–93
Society of Ukrainian Progressives (TUP)
116–17
soldiers’ movement
formation of
121–22
link between workers and peasants provided by
120, 151
opposition to Provisional Government
127, 164
Mensheviks’ opposition to
189
Soviet Socialist Republic of Tavria
357–58
Spilka
See Ukrainian Social Democratic Union (Spilka)
Stepanenko, Oleksandr
285, 334, 369
Steshenko, Ivan
92
sugar industry
sugar refiners’ syndicate organised in Ukraine (1887)
27
Ukrainian exports
29
industry workers in Ukraine
48t6
All-Russian Congress of Sugar Industry Workers
152–53
All-Russian Society of Sugar Refiners
376, 386
sugar magnate Abram Dobry
386–388
SUP
See Socialist Ukrainian Party (SUP)
Teachers, All-Ukrainian Teachers’ Union
151
Terletsky, Ye.
245
Third Universal
See Tsentral’na Rada universals – Third Universal
Tkachenko, Mykhailo
155, 159, 183, 291–2, 300, 324, 365–66, 369, 371, 375, 379, 387–88
trade
Kyivan Rus trade with Scandinavia and Byzantium
9
impact of Russian annexation on
21
terms of trade negotiated by UPR with Central Powers
381–82
Serheev, F., as People’s Commissar for Trade and Industry
245
Holubovych (Vsevolod) as Secretary for Trade and Industry
265–66, 365
Feshchenko-Chopivsky as Minister of Trade and Industry
379–80
See also industrialization
Trade unions, in Ukraine
147–53
Treaty of Pereiaslav (1654)
16
Trotsky, Leon
136, 169, 171, 175–78, 266–69, 273–76, 277, 291, 332
Tsentral’na Rada
elected leadership of
120
national autonomy as its goal
116–17, 119–26, 133–38
national autonomy negotiated with Provisional Government
139–41
parties seated in
141–42, 179
Temporary Instruction issued by Provisional Government to
141–42, 155, 157, 202
Provisional Government overthrown by
114, 168, 393
national personal autonomy for minorities adopted by
195–99, 217, 289, 338
Donbas Bolsheviks’ attitude to
186, 192, 243
CPC’s Manifesto and ultimatum to
232–38, 250
abolition of private property in land by
212–14, 293, 372–74, 376, 380, 383, 391–92
evacuation from Kyiv by
293, 307–8, 328–30
pogroms by armed forces of
343
dissolution of Rada by Skoropadsky
391
Tsentral’na Rada – General Secretariat
apportioning of seats in
139, 165
USDWP control over
143
In Kyiv Committee in Defence of the Revolution
156, 159–60
declaration as the government of Ukraine
164
renaming as Council of People’s Ministers
197
rejection of CPC’s Manifesto and ultimatum by
250
suppression of workers’ councils by
252
See also Vynnychenko, Volodymyr
Tsentral’na Rada – mala rada
debates and adoption of land law
213–14, 293
Fourth Universal (declaration of independence) adopted by
271, 286–88
Statute of National Personal Autonomy adopted by
286
pogroms discussed in
323, 336
Constitution of the Ukrainian People’s Republic adopted by
389
Tsentral’na Rada – Secretariat of Jewish Affairs
staffing and priorities of
196
addressed pogroms
218–9
Statute on National Personal Autonomy drafted by
196–200, 286–87
Tsentral’na Rada universals – First Universal
declaration of autonomy
126
support from workers
129
rejections by Russian left and right parties
134
Tsentral’na Rada universals – Second Universal
138, 195–96
Tsentral’na Rada universals – Third Universal
declaration of Ukrainian People’s Republic
164–67
support from workers’ and soldiers’ councils
202–8
declared abolition of private property in land
212–14, 284
Tsentral’na Rada universals – Fourth Universal
declaration of independence of Ukrainian People’s Republic
288–90
TUP
See Society of Ukrainian Progressives
UDFP
See Ukrainian Democratic Farmers’ Party (UDFP)
UJF
See Union of Jewish Fighters (UJF)
Ukrainian Democratic Farmers’ Party (UDFP)
Opposed Rada land law
376, 380
founding national congress
390–91
Ukrainian language
and division of labour
5, 67–68, 167
literacy
58–60
Alexander I’s restrictions
59
Alexander II’s Ems ukaz
59–60
first socialist publications in
90–91
as language of government
114
as language of instruction in schools
118, 128, 189, 318
championed by All-Ukrainian Teachers’ Union
151–52, 318–19
newspapers and books for soldiers in
129
Ukrainian speaking sections of Bolshevik party created
192
plan to train Jewish officers in
218
identification of language with counterrevolution
301–2
Ukrainian Party of Socialist Federalists (UPSF)
TUP renamed as
117
shared Rada leadership with USDWP
117
supported soldiers’ movement
140
resisted land redistribution
212–24
opposed separate peace of Rada with Central Powers
222, 264
UPSF newspaper Nova Rada on pogroms
337–39
sought to involve Germany in bringing down Council of People’s Ministers
375–78
quit Council of People’s Ministers
387
Ukrainian Party of Socialist Independents (UPSI)
associated with Free Cossacks
284
launch of
285
Stepanenko (Oleksandr) as secretary of
285, 334, 369
recruited workers at Kyiv Arsenal
294
See also Bolbochan, Petro
Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries (UPSR)
contested Rada’s leadership
142–43
adopted soviet platform at Third Congress
210–11
drafted Rada land law of 18 January
213–14, 293
suppressed in Kharkiv by Bolsheviks as “counter-revolutionary”
258–59
led Rada Council of People’s Ministers
292–93, 377–81
See also Liubynsky, Mykola; Poloz, Mykhailo; Shapoval, Mykyta
Ukrainian People’s Republic (UPR)
declaration by Tsentral’na Rada
164–65, 167
rival Bolshevik government of UPR declared in Kharkiv
249
declaration of UPR state independence
288–90
Holubovych (Vsevolod) as premier of
379–80, 383, 386
UPR Constitution adopted by mala rada
389
dissolution of UPR by Skoropadsky
391
First All-Ukrainian Trades Union Congress resolved to restore UPR
393
Ukrainian Social Democratic Union (Spilka)
96–97, 105–7
Ukrainian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (USDWP)
populist and anarcho-socialist forerunners of
87–90
emergence of Ukrainian social democracy
90–97
evolution of programme and strategy
97–102
split by 1905 Revolution
105–7
as leading party of Rada
142–3
working class exercise of power debated at Fourth Congress
183–85
split of Left USDWP
321
party relinquishes responsibility to govern
291–92, 366
Left USDWP enters Soviet Ukrainian government of CEC
350
Union of Jewish Fighters (UJF)
all-Russian conference of
216
defence of Jewish civilians
215–19
All-Russian Congress attempted in Kyiv
300–301
accusations of counterrevolutionary activity directed towards
301
See also Hohol, Yoan
Union of Landowners
elected to All-Russian Constituent Assembly
175
attempt to restore property rights addressed during Austro-German occupation
376
congress in Kyiv Circus
390
Union of Russian Peoples (Black Hundreds)
237, 115, 137, 315, 319, 339–40
United Jewish Workers’ Party (Fareinigte)
in Jewish National Council
199, 217
in Rada
142, 196
See also Shats-Anin, Max; Zilberfarb, Moshe
UPP
See Ukrainian People’s Party
UPR
See Ukrainian People’s Republic (UPR)
UPSF
See Ukrainian Party of Socialist Federalists
UPSI
See Ukrainian Party of Socialist Independents
UPSR
See Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries
Vasylenko, Mykola
392
Volobuiev, Mykhailo
22, 28
Volyn
20map 2
Vynnychenko, Volodymyr
5–6, 120, 123, 126, 131, 133, 140–41, 154, 183, 207, 213, 224, 234, 249, 251, 253–54, 255–7, 260, 264, 287, 289, 291–92, 302, 307–8, 319, 322, 339–40, 388, 392
women workers
50–51
workers’ councils
formation after fall of autocracy
115
comparative support to Provisional Government in Russia and Ukraine
136
orientation to Tsentral’na Rada
168
spread across Ukrainian gubernia
145–47
regional organisations of
146
comparative influence of Mensheviks, Bolsheviks in
146–47, 157, 167, 185
petit bourgeoisie involvement in
135, 147
divided over Bolshevik seizure of power
178
influence of USDWP in
182, 187
recognition of Rada as national government
201–7
opposed to recognition of Rada
242–43
in Crimea
258
suppressed by Rada
365, 370
Working class
peasant sources of
37–40
Russian migrant sources of
40
Jewish artisans in
41–43
numerical growth
43–51
national composition of
152–57
literacy of
158–60
Yefremov, Serhii
120, 320, 337, 377
Yiddish language
clandestine literature published by Bund in
81
as official language of Rada
198
Zionist movement’s preference for Hebrew
198
Yurkevych, Lev
99–102, 106, 110
Zapovit (Taras Shevchenko’s Testament)
126, 347
Zatonsky, Volodymyr
159–61, 189, 193–94, 229–30, 235, 245–46, 248, 269–70, 309, 318–19, 326–27, 350
Zhukovsky, Oleksandr
322, 324, 333–35, 340, 358, 366–67, 369, 372, 379, 385, 388–89
Zilberfarb, Moshe
159, 196–97, 219, 286
Zolotariov, Oleksandr
196, 264, 287