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Carol Chi Ngang
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Index

absence of development assistance 256
absence of political development 58
abstract rights 182
abstract theory 12
Abuja Treaty 131
abusive exploitation 162, 195, 265, 302
direct 207
uncontrolled 194
Accelerating youth empowerment for sustainable development 165, 359
access to remedy 155, 192–193
access to resources 232
accountability 9, 26, 94, 125–126, 265, 267, 272, 295, 300, 308–309
broad based 308
engineered political 267
legal 66, 126, 175, 211, 296–297
accountability of non-state actors for human rights violations 282, 347
acquisition of independence 46, 68
action plans 145
actions
concerted 100, 128, 178, 226
concrete 55, 60, 125, 153, 158, 178, 298
consolidated 156, 279
co-ordinate development 134
development demands 234
direct governmental 290
extraterritorial 286
gender-responsive 163
global 50, 112, 219, 286
liberty of 284
pragmatic 151
rational 98
remedial 177
representative 193
sustained 85, 219, 262
wrongful 75, 178, 189, 209, 211–212, 217, 295
actions of foreign stakeholders 84, 131, 143, 254, 282
actions of non-state actors 175, 179, 208
actions on human livelihood 186
activism 191
judicial 172
political 246
radical 234
activities of foreign stakeholders 138, 175
activities of non-state actors 177, 264
actors
competing donor 102
dominant 102
external 135, 151, 189, 215, 266, 280, 284–285, 305
global 180, 284, 286, 304
international 47, 50
key development cooperation 92
relevant 107
actual dimensions of development cooperation 9
actual freedoms and capabilities 98
adequate compensation 201, 206–207
payment of 206–207
adequate reparation 197, 205
adjudicate 88, 169, 186, 188, 345
admissibility criteria 187, 193, 275
advanced countries 117
advancement 32, 37, 41–42, 54, 56, 64, 70, 107–108, 114, 210, 287–288
collective 85, 307
industrial 6
infrastructural 76
jurisprudential 51
social 88
technological 303–304
Adventurist Politics 236, 319
AfCFTA (African Continental Free Trade Area) 80, 147–150, 303
Africa 1–20, 22–40, 42–45, 47–65, 67–68, 70–72, 74–87, 92–99, 101–106, 108–116, 118–120, 122–137, 139–158, 160–170, 173–185, 191–193, 195–196, 211–354, 356–359, 361–368
colonise 118
destabilise 87
entangle 121
exposed 175
peaceful 144
plunged 121
positioning 37
post-colonial 271
unified 272
Africa and foreign stakeholders 87
Africa and international trade 30, 287, 353
Africa arise summit 158
Africa Claim 119, 265, 320, 361
Africa command 148
Africa Growth Initiative 105, 352
African agenda 14–15, 79, 145, 147, 190, 269, 300, 357
African aspirations for development 103
African Charter 1–2, 6–7, 14, 43–44, 49–52, 54, 56–61, 125, 128, 147, 166–167, 194–198, 200–202, 215, 227, 240, 243–245, 248, 285–286, 303–305
African Charter and associated instruments 268
African Charter and freedom of expression in Africa 214, 344
African civilisation 25
African colonial states 25, 326
African colonies 29, 40, 46, 89, 122, 130, 150, 229, 277–278, 346
African Commission 51, 157, 178, 182–185, 187, 192–202, 206–207, 213–214, 220, 233, 241, 273, 275, 283–284, 287, 305, 334, 338, 345, 358
African common market 149
African common positions on issues of interest 128–129
African conception 12, 67, 86, 142, 151, 294, 305
African constitutionalism 11, 344
African constructivist imagination 132
African continent 15, 22–23, 25, 32, 43, 85, 132, 148, 151, 169, 215
African Continental Free Trade Agreement 80
African Continental Free Trade Area. See AfCFTA
African corporate sector 301–302
African countries 4–5, 46, 52, 80, 120–122, 125–131, 140–142, 153, 221–222, 224–225, 227–228, 235–237, 250, 256–257, 275–276, 278–279, 288–289, 306
African Court 166–167, 182–183, 185–187, 192–194, 202–207, 213, 220, 284, 305, 309, 353, 358
hybrid 187
African cultural patterns 29
African Cultural Renaissance 57
African decolonial theorists 11
African development agenda 52, 151, 275, 310
African Development Bank Group 121, 307, 345
African development landscape 122
African development space 105, 266
African diaspora 300
African economic development 22, 28, 354
African economies 23, 120–121, 128, 131, 174, 224, 353
African forms of reasoning 29
African francophonie countries 130
African governments 120–121, 127, 143, 145–146, 150, 157, 237, 259–260, 267–269, 271, 300
indebted 120
African historical tradition and values 197
African History 22, 24, 135, 315, 323, 330
African human rights architecture 146
African Human Rights Court 186, 193, 282
African human rights jurisprudence 198
African Human Rights System 49, 51–52, 59, 125–126, 131, 159, 167, 204, 211, 333–334, 339
African human rights treaties 133, 212
African identity and value systems 266
African imagination 38, 69
African jurisprudence 287
African Law 30, 36, 59, 194, 233, 303, 334, 337–338
African leaders 15, 34–35, 38, 141, 234
African legal framework 132
African liberation leaders 33–34
African market, single 147
African model 265–266, 298
envisaged 265
African Monetary Fund 301
African National Human Rights Institutions 190, 357
African nationalism 29
African nationalist 33, 262
African origins 1, 14, 18–19, 302
African patrimony 36, 69–70, 133, 265, 273, 279
African Peer Review Mechanism (aprm) 141–143, 300, 349, 358
African peoples 220, 225, 249, 256, 258, 260, 268–269, 279–280, 286, 288, 290–291, 293, 302–309
African perception 103
African political landscape 122
African political thought 25, 340
African Politics 257, 315, 320
African populations 22, 26, 32, 72, 149, 165, 223, 259, 304
African problems 259, 298, 338
African realities 54, 143
African regional human rights system 183, 340, 361
African Resistance 28, 334, 341
African resource-base 162
African ruling elites 35
Africans 24, 27, 32, 48, 290, 317
fellow 33
African slavery 24, 332
African societies 15, 45, 63, 163–164, 224
dysfunctional 34
ruined 34
African solutions 298, 338
African space 59
African stakeholders 144
African state government 190
African state parties 133, 183
African states 43
decolonised 42, 46
five 126
fragile independent 36
independent 35
new 36
African treaty instruments 52, 56, 96, 158–159, 212
African Treaty Provisions 159
African Union 13–14, 62, 64, 103, 127–131, 141–142, 160, 165–166, 176, 178, 224–227, 299, 336, 356–359, 362
African Union Agenda 62
African Union Commission 76, 81, 144, 215, 224, 265, 297, 359
African Union Constitutive Act 166
African Union Development Agency 144, 365–366
African value systems and traditions 48
Africa’s anti-colonial resistance 28, 338
Africa’s constant search for assistance 262
Africa’s debts 261
Africa’s dependence on development assistance 227
Africa’s development agenda 94, 237, 261, 291, 354
Africa’s development aspirations 5, 36
Africa’s development challenges 82, 84–85, 152, 260, 268, 293
Africa’s development efforts 142
Africa’s development history 256
Africa’s development initiatives 120
Africa’s development priorities 144
Africa’s Development Prospects 119
Africa’s Development Setbacks in Context 3–17
Africa’s development trajectory 10
Africa’s framework for development 269
Africa’s investment destinations of choice 250
Africa’s Persistent Search for New Frontiers of Assistance 260
Africa’s progress and sustenance 165
Africa’s support 115
Africa’s underdevelopment 20–21, 23, 366
Africa’s vision and aspirations 300
Africa’s youth agenda, defining 165, 362
Africa to direct attack by foreign stakeholders 119
Afrique 120, 231
agencies
foreign intelligence 122
human 134
moral 151
agency and leadership 164
agency and self-determination 134
agenda 14–15, 79, 81, 144–147, 248, 251, 256, 262, 265–266, 268–273, 296–302, 308, 310
continental 304
global 109, 147
missing 176, 336
agenda for development 6, 14, 145, 147, 159, 224, 257, 265, 268, 307
Agenda for Sustainable Development 190, 357
aggression 137, 213
aggressive imperialistic attitude 45
Agreement Establishing 147, 356
agricultural lands 26
agricultural policies, unfair 42
agriculture 42, 253, 333, 359
agriculture for economic growth 42
aid 91–92, 96, 98, 100–101, 104, 262, 269, 276, 334, 337, 345–346, 349, 353
military 123, 366
aid agencies 88
aid allocation 91–92, 329, 353
aid by developed countries 96
aid conditionality principle 102
aid dependency 5, 15, 102, 301, 345
aid-development-assistance 276, 367
aid donors on assistance 88
aid donors on assistance to less-developed countries 88
Aid Effectiveness 93–94, 104, 134, 350, 358
foreign 109, 332
aid flow 106
aid ineffectiveness 8, 104
aid recipient countries 104
aid to developing countries 286
allegations 184, 190, 200, 202
allocation of development assistance 78
alternative model 4, 10, 13, 45, 61, 109, 256, 291, 293, 308
alternative model to development cooperation 291
alternative remedies to Africa’s development setbacks 261
alternative sabotage strategies, employed 121
ambiguous concept of sustainable development 243
amendments 171, 187, 355–356, 358
amnesty 47, 207, 336
Amnesty International 62
amounts of foreign aid to Africa 106
amplification 95
anarchy 91, 328
ancestral bond 202
ancestral lands 198–199, 223–224, 264, 284, 364
ancestral spirituality 201
ancestral worship 199
ancestry 199
common 200
angle, legal 166
anti-colonialism 28
anti-colonial struggles 36
apartheid 28, 47, 254
apparatus, bureaucratic 116
approaches 2, 4, 9–10, 76, 85, 95, 101–102, 229–230, 298, 300, 305, 333, 336
adjudication 195
based 134, 341, 347, 351, 365–367
decolonial 11, 83, 327
minimum threshold 213, 332
misconceived 109
pragmatic 10, 60, 196, 275, 340
results-oriented 12
rights-based alternative 264
traditional livelihood 204, 330
universal 280
appropriate development model for Africa 218
appropriate jurisdictions 189, 212
aprm. See African Peer Review Mechanism
aprm country review 260, 346
aq 115, 144–145, 199, 323, 363–364, 367–368
Arab Charter 53, 336, 341, 344, 356
Arab Spring 135
arbitrariness 151
architect of independence 32
area
good governance priority 260
unproductive 199
water catchment 202
argumentation 2, 13, 253, 291
arguments
basic 97
central 4, 153
strong 254
armed forces 196
arms embargoes 281
article
common 209
transgressed 285
violated 201
aspirants to positions of political leadership in Africa 308
aspirations 37, 79–81, 141, 145–146, 149, 248, 251, 261, 264–265, 270, 272, 297, 300
equalise 79
frustrated 230
legitimate 31, 38, 220
shared 307
aspirations for structural transformation and sustainable development 297
assassinations 130
Assembly of Heads of States and Governments 160, 358
assertion of self-determination 15, 267, 294
assessment 124, 203, 277
country-by-country 227
preliminary 214, 340
theoretical 226
assimilation 29
forced 233
assistance 3, 9, 88, 90, 92–93, 97–99, 106, 110–111, 250, 255–256, 260, 274, 276–279
charitable 6, 253
charity-based 208, 252
donor 231
global poor 286, 341
assistance for development purposes 97
assistance to Africa 9
assistance to developing countries 99, 110, 255
associated human rights instruments 161
assurance 5, 17, 33, 161, 169, 181, 186, 192, 245–246, 291, 294
legal 146
assurances, practical 288
asymmetrical power structures 70
Atlantic Charter 21
attainment of self-determination for Africa 273
attention
appropriate 282
deflected 47
requisite 103
attention by victims of violation 184
attributes responsibility 212
au financial institutions 301, 362
austerity measures 120
fiscal 258
stringent 120
authoritarian regimes 191
authorities 185, 191, 214, 275
foreign stakeholders exercise 180
political 257
relevant national 215
autonomy 47, 87, 101, 140, 174, 191, 217, 234, 269, 274
cultural 41, 174, 274
economic 118
autonomy and self-determination 217
averred political influence 192
award remedies 169
background to development cooperation 87
backwardness 85
Bakweri Lands Claim 232
balance 234, 276, 300
equitable 99, 139, 176
global 41, 111
balanced development 89, 140, 167, 228
bargaining strategy, collective 275
basic features of development cooperation 91
basic human rights 9, 114, 210, 236, 289
behavioural patterns 271
behaviour of foreign stakeholders and non-state actors 182
beliefs 12, 34
spiritual 199
benchmarks 61, 300
universal 112
beneficiaries, primary 161
benefits 25, 27, 54–55, 70–71, 73–74, 77–79, 119, 122, 147–150, 162–164, 200–201, 221, 223, 228–229, 305–306
collective 162
economic 230
mutual 77, 93, 104, 107, 115, 162
socio-economic 149
benefit to foreign stakeholders 148
benevolence 3, 6, 151, 252, 293
better living standards 17, 55, 73, 78, 99, 131, 145, 244, 248, 308, 310
betterment 5, 64
biased barometer 6
biased globalisation practices 111
bill 21, 96, 172, 240, 242, 334, 357
comprehensive 171
international 19, 286–287
binding character 113, 214
binding effect 3, 159, 190
binding extraterritorial obligations 220
binding force 187, 214
binding instruments 3, 180
binding obligation for reliance on development assistance 99
binding obligation on foreign stakeholders to comply 53
binding obligations 50, 53, 59–61, 99, 110, 174, 212, 214, 275
black South Africans 47
disadvantaged 242
Blood minerals 169, 222, 335, 346
boom in international trade 23
boundaries 162, 367
strict 162, 367
Brazilian cooperation 106, 331
breadbasket of Africa 281, 366
British colonial expedition 29
British colonial rule 28, 32, 46
broad-based transformation and sustainable development 307
broaden 135, 304, 310
broker cooperation agreements for development 275
budgets 190, 261, 362
annual 261
Cameroon 48–49, 120–121, 123, 167–168, 225–234, 316–317, 323, 325, 328, 335, 345, 347, 352–353, 360–361, 364
Cameroonian people 229, 252
Cameroon military assistance 123, 368
campaign, ghost city 231
campaign for independence 40
capabilities
ancillary 148
collective 64
expanding 37, 118
legal 275
people’s 71
relevant 304
capabilities and choices 64
capabilities and skills-set 166
capabilities approach 13
capabilities for development 22, 266
capabilities model 13
capabilities theory 10–11, 13, 31, 174, 216, 260
capacity 64, 69, 101, 108, 134, 139, 144, 150, 196, 274, 296, 303, 310
negotiating 188
normative 69
productive 32, 81, 105, 135, 258
requisite 34, 271
resource 274, 278
technical 191
capacity of ordinary people 34
capacity to exercise 274
capital inflows, external 8
capitalism 71, 363
free market 120, 257
western-style 35
capitalist empires 24
categorisation 117–118
progressive cluster 118
categorisation ranks Africa, global 150
causal factor 91
central place in governance 280
challenges 1–3, 10–11, 14, 41–42, 83, 86, 135, 251–252, 272–273, 287–288, 330–331, 337–338, 340, 343, 353–354
bureaucratic 238
economic 288
new 290, 341
challenges of leadership and governance in Africa 262, 307, 327
channeling of development assistance 108
changes 13, 110, 118–119, 125, 221, 230–232, 262, 298, 308, 339, 342
chaos 122, 270
engineer 210
charitable provision of development assistance 99
charity approach 251–253
Charter for African Cultural Renaissance 57
Charter for Popular Participation in Development and Transformation 269, 356
Charter provisions 127, 184
child mortality 103
China 85, 119, 222, 249, 255, 262, 300
fuel 115
China-Africa South-South cooperation framework 250
China and Africa 106, 115, 352, 366
China for development financing 250
China model 115
China’s investment destinations of choice 261
China’s philosophy 106, 360
Chinese debts 250
Chinese fdi 222, 342
Chinese loans 257, 353
choice of countries for cooperation 114
choices 37, 64, 67, 69, 200–201, 250, 253, 261, 273, 276, 283–284
cultural 74
distributive 176
choices and capabilities of local communities 201
chronic stress 262, 342
circumstances
cultural 13
prevailing 4, 130, 193, 265, 290
citizens 144, 149, 167, 213, 240, 243, 247, 283
earnable-bodied 239
individual 239
loyal 239
citizenship, substantive 183, 341
civil disobedience, massive 231
civilisation 6, 11, 25, 29–30
civilisation mission, purported 32
civilisation theory 25
civil liberties and freedoms 34
civil society 230, 318, 325, 347
robust 146
claim
indigenous 224
legal 246
legitimate 5, 111–112, 191, 194, 211
neoliberal 259
claim entitlement 295
claims approach 253–256
claim to development assistance 96, 255
clarity, normative 304
class, favoured 29
cleavages 27, 41, 116, 335
ethnic 27
coercion, economic 70, 283
coercive labour 26
collaboration 85, 87, 302
mutual 85
north-south-south 102, 366
collective action 4–5, 73, 77, 80, 125, 128, 131, 136, 147, 151, 167
decisive 292
collectivism 63–64, 97, 129, 328–329
colonial absolutism 11, 13
colonial administration 27
transferred 37
colonial allegiance to France 230
colonialism 18, 20, 22, 25, 27–37, 43, 45–46, 48, 72, 77, 254, 329, 354
experienced 237
informed 101
neo 303
coloniality 12, 29, 218, 296, 336
global 1, 11, 41, 45, 81, 83, 160, 251, 296, 333, 338
logic of 11, 83, 337
colonial legacies 35
colonial machinery 29, 35
colonial masters 34, 50, 87, 89, 102, 274
colonial matrix 11
colonial pact 130, 363
colonial possessions 234
profitable 150
colonial practices 32, 37, 39
colonial rule 5, 25–28, 30–31, 33, 35, 229, 292
reject 32
colonial tax 122, 153, 228, 278, 364
colonisation 22, 25, 27–28, 69, 118, 122, 153, 228, 364
Colonisation Continuation Pact 122, 150, 278
colonisation theory 69
colonised territories 25, 40, 87
colonization of Africa 32
combat impunity by upholding justice and equity 269
Combating Corruption 272, 356
combined theories of decoloniality 13
Commission on Human rights 47–48, 177, 286, 360
commitments 72, 76, 94, 99, 145, 150–151, 155, 157–159, 216–217, 226, 255, 301, 305
international 219
legal 52, 73, 75, 155, 212, 215, 305
moral 50, 95, 112, 253
political 76, 156, 308
shared 108
state’s binding 188
sustainable 94
commodities, basic 231
commodity boycotts 281
Common Africa Positions on Post-2015 Development Agenda 129
common challenges 129
common development purpose 91
common heritage 70, 79, 147–148, 162, 203, 223, 263, 279
common heritage of mankind principle in international law 162, 335
common understanding 134, 359, 366
Communauté Financière d’Afrique 120, 231
communitarian 63
communities 23, 26, 43, 57, 63, 70, 162, 199–201, 204, 240, 243
disadvantaged 72
fractionalised 25
globalised 114
indigenous 205, 223, 284
self-governing 22
semi-nomadic 199
community empowerment 202, 330
comparative influence 240, 331
compensation 92, 199, 202, 205
competition 100
foreign 148
complaint 184, 188, 192–195, 198, 202, 209, 233, 247
admissibility of 184, 188
handling 190
complaint procedure 184
complement Africa’s efforts 114
complex dynamics 221
complexity 2, 37, 81, 262
compliance 127, 142, 174–175, 184, 204–205, 215–216, 229, 275, 281, 292
component elements 200, 244
components
core 143, 201
elementary 136
important 55, 273
comprehensive development 3, 76, 219, 253
compromise state sovereignty 237
conceptions 5, 57, 59, 118, 251
individualistic 64
western 236
conceptual analysis 1, 14, 350
conceptual clarity 19–20, 53, 305
conceptual formulation 91, 221, 266, 296
combined 291
conceptualising development 44, 65
concerted efforts 224, 299
concessional flows 96
Conditional development 258, 350
conditionalities 3, 98, 103, 105, 289
donor-dictated 101
label 104
unattainable 108
conditional lending 257
conditions
better 269, 280
enabling 149
human 60, 67, 75, 160, 283
international 126, 138
political 35
Conflict minerals 169, 198, 222, 346
conflicts 1, 12, 27, 99, 117, 123, 136, 154, 170, 245, 343
armed 122–123
endemic 136
ethnic 46
internal 36
spiralling 123
violent 169
conformity 137, 167, 245, 298
confrontational court battles 191
Congolese people 168, 197
massacred 197
connection 21, 77, 86, 111, 130, 151, 242
causal 87
direct 111
territorial 200
consciousness 22, 29, 31, 40, 310
critical 2
increased 36
consent 203
free 71
conservation 202
constituencies of peoples 74
Constitution 34–35, 48, 96–97, 167–172, 197, 226, 239–243, 245–246, 267, 271, 344, 349, 355–356
documented 35
domestic 167, 211, 245
transformative 242, 324
constitutional borrowings 241, 342
constitutional dispensation 240
transformative 241–242
constitutional entitlement 127, 168–169, 243, 245
domestic 272
constitutional guarantees 167–168, 229, 238
implicit 172
constitutionalism 267, 334
post-independence 270, 343
constitutional order 172, 241, 323, 339
domestic 240
Constitutive Act 14, 128–129, 131–133, 136, 160, 166–167, 178, 268–269, 271, 299–301, 303, 305
constraints 111, 133, 165, 208, 215, 219, 227, 238, 247–248, 270, 325
critical 52
internal 295
consultation 88, 118, 202, 284, 360
effective 203
global 299, 328
contemporary understanding of development cooperation 90
Contending Approaches 260, 276, 321, 326
contention 4, 99, 257
persistent 204
context
developmental 71
legal 153
prevailing 181, 261
continental agenda for development 304
continental free market 149
continental level 17, 157, 182–183, 273, 294, 305, 309
continued external influence 227
contradictions 14, 90
cultural 16
recurrent development 280
Contradictions of Good Governance 256
contraventions 52, 166, 168, 190, 195, 197, 212, 221, 230, 273, 279
contributions 12, 19, 29, 49, 106, 164–165, 170, 253, 304, 333–334, 336
mandatory 301
productive 166
control 27, 37–38, 50, 75, 79, 116, 119, 130, 301, 303, 306
colonial 27
economic 50
effective 180
excessive 280
foreign 120
sovereign 168
control of multinational corporations 207, 328
cooperation 32, 38, 40, 74–77, 85–92, 100, 103, 112–116, 118, 125, 128–129, 131, 133
co-operation, international 89, 343
cooperation accords 228–230
secretive 229
cooperation agreements 175–176
broker 275
cooperation approaches 251, 256
cooperation arrangements 89, 98–99, 233
cooperation framework 67, 86–87, 89, 173
international 4
coopération Franco-Africains 228, 332
cooperation mechanism 100
cooperation patterns 86, 102
prevailing development 92
rival 100
Commission’s jurisprudence 193
Corporate social responsibility 210, 349
corporations 183, 198
transnational 88, 282, 333, 345, 347
corruption 35, 79, 93, 105, 121, 130, 235, 248, 272, 340, 367
endemic 1, 248, 272
political 229
countries 28, 88, 91–92, 97, 100–101, 117–119, 121–124, 130, 166–168, 218–219, 223, 225–230, 232–235, 238–240, 242–245, 249–250, 252–253, 266–267, 281–282, 288
choice of 114, 226
conflict-ridden 123
decolonised 88
emerging 105
fragile African 149
francophone 150, 153
less-developed 88
middle income 117–118, 353, 362
recipient 92, 97–98, 104, 134
under-developed 88
country ownership 94, 133–134
effective 134
country’s development efforts 247
country’s state of human development 168
Courting Social Justice 260, 315
court of law 59
Court’s ruling 204
creating domestic laws 181
creating global poverty 114
creating real self-determination for Africa 221
crisis 123, 230, 269, 314
economic 230, 257, 269
global financial 255
social 269
the crisis of development 225, 324
critique 11, 66, 83, 141, 171, 208, 248, 325, 328, 332–333, 336
decolonial 1
preliminary 47, 336
cross-sectoral Youth Policies 165
crusade 216
trans-Atlantic 24, 344
cultural arrangements in society 161
cultural challenges 52
cultural circumstances in Africa 13
cultural development 54, 56–58, 60, 69, 78–79, 146–147, 155–156, 160–161, 173–174, 196–197, 203–204, 245–247, 263–264, 284, 290, 305–306, 308–310
cultural development exigencies 38, 266
cultural development realities 144
cultural homogeneity 200
Cultural Revolution 106
cultural rights 19, 56, 58–59, 73, 103, 157, 161, 171–172, 177–178, 208, 220, 222, 258, 263, 295, 330–331, 357–360
cultural self-determination 2, 16, 57, 83, 121, 125, 141, 153, 300–301, 304, 306
Cultural Self-Determination 169, 169, 173
cultural sovereignty and self-determination 150
culture 171, 201, 239, 262, 335
integrated 201
legal 240, 331
political 79
Culture and leadership in Africa 262, 335
currency 39–40, 265
common 150, 336
foreign 201
single 150, 363
currency devaluation 120, 231
undertaking 258
custodians 133, 227, 299
customary law, international 97
damages 92, 126, 130, 194, 196, 198, 201–202, 206–207, 209, 215, 254
irreparable 206
dangers 206, 262
dawn of independence in Africa 45
debt crisis 120, 343
debt-free economic balance sheet 238
debt relief 231, 257
debts 120, 248, 261–262, 337
external 121
foreign 121, 277, 353
shady 250
debt sustainability analysis 121, 360
debt to China 261
debt trap 101, 120–121, 257, 285, 353
decisions 118, 185, 189, 201–202, 207, 214–215, 228, 256, 273, 334, 338
joint 94
participation in 89, 284
political 97
Declaration 3, 39–40, 43, 49–50, 56–59, 73–80, 90–91, 99–100, 107, 112–114, 123, 125–126, 135–136, 138–140, 156–158, 173, 211–213, 218–219, 267–269, 356–358
nepad 142–143
Declaration, Paris 134, 358
Declaration of Independence 46, 367
decolonial 303
decolonial dialogues 11, 83, 329
decoloniality 11–13, 25, 83, 337–338
decoloniality and capabilities theories 13
Decoloniality of Thought in Development Programming 251
decolonial mindset 309
decolonial narratives 303
Decolonial Options 11, 83, 317, 337
decolonial reconstructions 11, 83, 322
decolonial reflections 12, 241, 343
decolonial revolution 12, 29
decolonial theory 10–11
decolonisation 6, 12, 30–34, 38, 40, 68, 87, 153, 173, 224, 229
facilitated 40
motivated 45
decolonisation project 31, 34
decolonised states succession plans 34
decolonization 30, 159, 331, 368
deep-rooted involvement 71
deferential treatment 76
deficiencies 257, 291, 296
deficits, large-scale 289
definition, new 89
definitional problem 89
degenerating 206
degree, limited 119
dehumanising practice 23
Deliberative participation 244, 330
demands of international trade 24
democracy 123, 157–158, 172, 174, 239, 241, 313, 315, 319, 323, 328–329, 331, 341–342
constitutional 47
representative 308
revolutionary 245
democracy and human rights in Cameroon 123, 229, 342
democracy in South Africa 270
democratic deficits 79, 293
Democratic Development 257, 315
Democratic Reform 143, 316, 322
democratisation 230–231, 252, 260, 263, 267, 332
democratisation process 37, 231, 338
democratisation programmes 103
democratise 104
denial, calculated 80
Department of International Development 101, 346
dependence 67, 96, 118, 239, 276
endemic 217, 293
increasing 250
inordinate 260, 291
irrational 102
perpetual 288
dependency 80, 84, 98, 100, 221–222, 252, 260–262, 269–270, 297, 300, 306
endemic 101, 217, 252, 348
futile 250
hopeless 276
dependency on development assistance 67, 80, 84, 222, 260
dependency on foreign stakeholders 5
dependency theory 221
deplorable degradation 207
deposits 222
mineral 222
natural resource 168
deprivation 25, 31, 67, 69, 81, 161, 197–198, 229, 280, 283, 289
chronic 67
cultural 74, 304
socio-economic 288
design 86, 132
political 67
destabilising 121, 136
destruction 33, 37, 137, 210, 332
destructive social consequences 258
deterioration 23, 26, 28, 168
determinants of development cooperation 158
detrimental impact 123
devaluation 120
developed countries 3, 42, 50, 73–75, 85–86, 95–96, 101–102, 110–111, 113–114, 117–118, 219–220, 255–256, 276–279, 306, 367–368
dominant 108
necessitating 110
patronage of 99, 293
developed countries for assistance 276, 278
developed countries for subsistence 101
developing countries 3, 41–45, 73, 76–77, 88, 92–93, 96–110, 113, 115–119, 134, 139, 176, 209–212, 219–220, 254–255, 276, 339, 346
aspirations of 41, 50
efforts of 136, 219, 262
five clusters of 118, 353
impoverished 102
developing countries accessing opportunities 108
developing economies 117
developing nations 248, 336
development 1–65, 69, 72–87, 89–114, 118–119, 121–178, 180–201, 203–206, 208–230, 232–260, 262–280, 282–311, 313–354, 356–362, 365–368
development accords 60
development activities 65, 102, 243, 303
development actors 104
international 100, 219, 337
development agency 141, 144, 300
development agenda 45, 164, 183, 271, 361
economic 276
global 147
development aid 50, 78, 88, 103, 113, 252, 320
developmental state 245
democratic 270, 342
development and human rights 54, 328
development approach 268, 270
development aspirations 265
frustrate Africa’s 122
outlined 15
development as planned poverty 288, 323
development assistance 2–3, 8, 67, 80–81, 83–86, 89, 93, 96–100, 102–105, 108–109, 111–113, 139, 252, 254–256, 260, 276–279, 293–294
allocating 97
charity-based 269
overseas 255
soliciting 213
story of official 87, 347
development assistance and development partnership 93
Development Assistance Committee 87–88, 347
development assistance programmes 100, 341
development assistance to Africa 89, 98
development benefits 293
development challenges 50, 53, 56, 95, 99–100, 105, 145, 152, 217, 221, 224–225
continent’s 265
cultural 140
defiant 144
insurmountable 106
redressing perennial 109
development choices 60, 67, 69, 74, 98, 111, 133, 204, 216, 253, 304
alternative 293
making alternative 291
self-reliant 83
shaping Africa’s 115
development claim 233
development contexts 54, 78, 227
development cooperation 1, 3–6, 8–10, 12–13, 15–18, 20, 50, 55, 75, 82–153, 164, 208, 211–212, 218–219, 252–253, 280, 291–295, 297, 348–349, 352
development cooperation
causal principle 91
dependency-based 15
economic 80
favoured 81
practising 106
south-south 100, 219, 337
development cooperation approaches 251, 296
development cooperation arrangements 306
development cooperation models 140, 291
development cooperation partner 230, 232
development cooperation prototypes 102
development discourse 248, 269, 341
international 81
development dispensation 154–155, 159, 167, 173–175, 213, 215–217, 219–220, 267, 269, 271–272, 274, 295–296
development dispensation guarantees 216
Development effectiveness in development cooperation 101, 346
development financing 96, 250, 261–262, 301
development framework in Africa 280
development governance 5–6, 11, 17, 217–219, 221–294, 296–300, 303, 306, 308–311, 338–339, 344
development guarantees 113, 155
Development Imperatives 293–311
development in developing countries 108, 219
development injustices 11, 13, 15, 20, 22, 33–34, 43–44, 47–48, 67, 69, 77, 132, 135
endemic 16
historical 81, 127
development injustices and endemic human rights violations 298
development landscape 151
development law 59, 131–132
international 41, 45, 76, 322, 335
development litigation 77, 195, 202
development model 17, 22, 34, 38, 112–113, 151–153, 267, 270, 272, 290–291, 298
alternative 66, 221, 271, 296, 306
functional 33, 121, 295
home-grown 291
human rights-based 33
integrated rights-based 266
development objectives 145–146, 293, 297, 300, 307
development obligations 60, 97, 139, 191
development of human productive capabilities 243
development outcomes 80, 251
optimal 140
people-centred 166
substantive 80
sustainable 164
development paradigm 14, 16–18, 20, 42, 45, 65, 68, 167–168, 215, 217–219, 291, 293–294, 296
innovative 273
development partner 106, 348
Development partnerships 93–94, 101, 103, 217, 219, 346
development path 42
development policies 98, 101, 107, 109, 132, 134, 140, 237, 244, 346, 348
appropriate 113, 259, 275
appropriate national 73, 140, 305
domestic 306
global 109
international 9, 74
national 74, 125, 163, 175, 215, 236, 264, 271, 283, 306, 310
people-centred 139
radical self-reliant 236
development policy formulation 130, 140, 225
development policy framework 260
Development Policy Management 101, 217, 219, 346
development politics 45
global 310
international 87
development practice 20, 65, 86, 95, 131–132, 154, 171, 299, 305
development practices
prevailing 308
unfair 22
development priorities 5, 13, 16–17, 70, 72, 108–109, 139–140, 153, 183, 273, 283
actual 103, 118
shaping Africa’s 295
development problems 250
deep-seated 115
development process 55, 64, 71, 78–80, 133–135, 163–165, 200, 232–233, 242, 244, 273, 284, 286, 289, 291
development programmes 94, 134, 204, 300, 304, 309
cultural 203
global 224
sustainable 286
development programming 108, 145, 167, 218, 227, 251, 268, 272
people-centred 297
rights-based 145
development projects 231
development setbacks 15
understanding Africa’s 16
development space 137, 294
development standards 135, 142, 189, 234, 236, 300, 308
Development Strategy 247, 338
development thinking 10, 18, 68, 251, 260–261, 266, 292, 296, 298, 309
dependency-based 81
development trajectory 101, 236
sustainable 261
dialectical 76
differentiation 251
dilemma 101, 217, 252, 344, 348
dimensions
capacity building 225, 351
developmental 274
functional 13
normative 51
direct attack by foreign stakeholders 119
direct investment 222, 330
foreign 8, 221–222, 224, 329, 335
directive principles 97, 170–171, 246
Directive principles of state policy and fundamental rights 246, 331
discourse on human rights and development in Africa 83
discourse on international development 96
discretion, political 252
discriminatory treatment 233
disparities 106, 223
economic 254
Dispensation 153–217, 308
neo-colonial 174
prevailing political 290
displacement, wrongful 199
dispossession 18, 22, 26, 30, 69, 133, 136, 289
collective 63
systematic 289
dispossession of wealth and resources 69
disruptions 11, 198
radical 12
dissemination, appropriate 184
distribution 240
equitable 73, 79, 189, 232, 265, 273
fair 58
distributional patterns 119
domestic arrangements 272
domesticate 52, 182, 215, 246
domestication 127, 166, 246–247
domestication Act 170
domestic challenges 37
domestic court of law 171
domestic courts 169, 171–172, 181–182, 187–189, 192, 309
jurisdiction of 187, 189, 309
Domestic Courts of First Instance 187
domestic development realities 140
domestic factors 20–21
domestic implementation 156, 226–227, 300, 305
effective 248
domestic law 9, 53, 169–170, 181, 187–189, 191–192, 195, 242–244, 250, 296, 305
appropriate 283
domestic legal recognition and protection 250
domestic level 14, 17, 127–128, 156–157, 171, 173, 177–178, 183–184, 188–189, 192, 211, 291, 294
domestic obligations 74
domestic policies 5, 154, 230, 237, 284
adopted 134
appropriate 230
radical 244
domestic politics and governance 79
domestic remedies 181, 188, 192
effective 188, 192
local 192
Domestic Responsibilities 177
Domestic Statutes 170, 355
domestic warfare 24
dominance 93, 98, 113, 122, 291
economic 42, 101
global 128
domination 30, 33, 39–40, 45, 87, 122, 124, 130, 133, 135–136, 283, 288, 293–294
colonial 30, 290
continuous external/foreign 182
imperial 20, 29, 47, 173, 175, 236, 274, 292
donor conditionalities 289
donor countries 3, 5, 90, 92, 96, 98, 103, 112–113, 252, 255
geopolitical interests of 4, 16
donor-oriented cooperation model 143
donor partners 115, 119, 134
donor-recipient 112
donors 1, 3, 55, 89, 92, 97, 100–104, 114, 117, 143, 302
foreign 151, 269, 301
imperialist 107
multilateral 96, 121
official bilateral 121
dr Congo 223, 349
dream 304
incomplete 12
drivers, primary 268
drive transformation 292
Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 254
duty
associated 109
collective 128
legislative 168, 348
overarching 186
primary 208
duty bearers 66, 126, 135, 268, 304–305
duty bearers, primary 247
duty on African governments 146
duty to set policy standards 227
eastern provinces 196
economic blocs, regional 129, 131, 225
economic challenges and human rights violations 288
Economic Community 150
coordinated African 131
economic control in Africa 50
Economic Cooperation 85, 230, 232, 270, 278, 318, 340, 347, 349–350, 353, 366
economic development 26, 28, 57, 89, 96, 101, 119, 252, 259, 267, 327–328
experienced 225
sustainable 259
economic development dilemma 120, 260, 329
economic distress 121
economic exploitation 24, 248
foreign 237
economic growth 53, 55, 65, 103–104, 115, 118, 120–121, 200–201, 224–225, 258, 303–304, 349, 352
equitable 258
recorded 119
economic growth in Africa 288, 340
economic growth models 5, 265
economic growth objectives 265, 297
economic integration project in Francophone Africa 230, 328
economic interests 88, 122
protecting French 231
economic policies 52, 257
economic recovery programme 257
economic sabotage 119, 122, 130
economic sanctions 122, 238, 277, 281–282, 348
authorised punitive 277
coercive 121
survived 277
economic strength 117
Economic Uncertainty 102, 320
economic weight on Africa 105
economies
advanced 101
ailing 120
capitalist 278
debt-free 285
emerging 85, 101, 105, 261
flourishing 106
global 215, 273
industrialised 279
market 303
warfare 288
ecowas 129, 150, 336
education 27, 29, 32, 42, 57–58, 73, 121, 171, 238–240, 260, 361
quality 263
universal primary 103
effective and desirable 106
effective collective measures 137
effective implementation 149, 184, 250, 295, 310
Effective leadership and sustainable development in Africa 307, 331
effectiveness 93, 97, 101, 281, 346
developmental 8, 349
effectiveness of development assistance 93
effective realisation 56, 139, 180, 264–265, 298
effective remedy 205, 207–208
effect transformation 185
egalitarian opportunities 249, 307
Elections and Good Governance 157
elements
cultural 56
defining 57
Eliminate Obstacles 135
emancipating process 201, 252, 273
emancipation 5
cultural 34, 216
economic 160
embezzlement 35
Emerging Africa 223, 351
emerging markets 117
Emerging Trend 242, 317, 324
empowerment 67, 141
women’s 164
enabling environment 9, 73–74, 108, 124, 137–139, 148, 216, 240, 245, 263–264, 295
global 89
requisite 245
enabling environment forms 138
enabling gender-equitable framework for development 164
encroachment 25
increasing 224
endemic dependence on development assistance 293
Endorois ancestral land 199–201
Endorois and Ogiek Community 264
Endorois community 193, 198–200
indigenous 198
Endorois peoples 199, 284
enduring austerity 255
enforcement 155, 167, 169–170, 187, 191, 204–206, 208–209, 246, 332, 342, 355
certifying 166
judicial 13, 51
legal 217, 292
Enforcement Act 246
enforcement measures 60
enforcement mechanisms 167, 184
domestic 192
regional 189, 209
regional human rights 209
Enforcement Procedure 209, 342
engagements, contemporary 251
enjoyment 56, 58, 60, 72–73, 75, 78, 133, 136, 138, 140, 143, 177–179, 279, 282–283, 285–286
enjoyment of basic human rights and freedoms 289
enlightened self-interest 92, 106
enquiry 4, 17, 20, 84, 192, 217
central 294
primary 293
robust 125
enslavement 59
enthusiasm 32
entities 41, 178–179, 187, 190
non-state 182, 195, 285
relevant 225
entitlement 16, 18–19, 45, 57, 59, 62, 64, 76, 166, 173, 211–212, 245–248, 251–252, 263–264, 283
absolute 263
claimable 5, 15, 49, 110, 167, 189, 215, 228, 255, 272, 293
collective 15, 41, 48, 52, 64, 70–71, 200, 221, 268, 299
composite 244–245
cultural 160, 263
exclusive 199
grants 134
justiciable 49, 51, 163, 176, 297
legitimate 153
non-negotiable 173
socio-economic 172
substantive 56, 59–60, 182
entitlement to self-determination 16, 83, 173, 211, 269, 283, 295
entitlement to sustainable development 163
Entrenched Provisions 167
environment 72, 126, 137, 156, 162, 194, 207, 259, 287, 289, 359–360
enabling domestic 121, 215
enabling international 52
equitable 138
natural 137
environmental degradation 194
environmental rights 194, 240
Epistemic disobedience 11, 83, 337
equal enjoyment 54, 146, 162, 165, 203, 269
guaranteed 73
equalising opportunities 54, 96
equality 38, 42, 58, 72–73, 77, 94, 100, 120, 148, 232, 242
Equatorial Guinea 187, 358
equitable basis 273, 289
equitable opportunities 76
equitable social construction 69
equity 5, 65, 68, 75–77, 79, 81, 154–155, 158, 161, 170, 173, 240, 242
global 43
intergenerational 243, 254, 328, 333
social 72
era 244, 326
contemporary 120, 260, 329
post-independence 39
erga omnes 183
estimation 6, 128
Ethiopia 127, 129, 169, 225–227, 241–246, 250, 261, 324, 326, 354, 356–358
elevated 261
EU-China-Africa trilateral relations 116, 327
European colonisers 27, 289
European conditionality 116, 327
European economic interests 23
European imperialism 46
European invaders 293
European perception of civilisation 25
European plantations 23
events 21–22, 31, 33, 37, 43, 166, 170, 205–206, 211, 231
historical 21, 81
evidence of good governance 3
evolution of official development assistance 91, 348
exacerbates 102
examination 16, 135, 248, 340
critical 86, 110
examination of human rights and foreign direct investment 221, 329
excessive influence 133, 179, 220, 251, 294
exchange
disparate 23
mutual 89
exclusion 157, 284
social 254
exclusive entitlement by right of ancestry 199
exercise and enjoyment 73, 136, 138, 140, 283
exercise control 35
exercise due diligence 195
exercise influence 286
exercise of good faith 111
exercise of legality 60
exhaust 188, 190, 192, 309
exigencies 11, 97, 252, 295, 310
existing rights and freedoms 285
expansion, economic 105, 119
expansive biodiversity 222
expatiate 201, 296
expectations 3, 31, 78, 80, 109, 119, 255, 262, 264, 307, 313
expenditures, public 26, 120, 257, 363
experience
the colonial 46, 362
shared 105
experience abuse 190
experienced sustained levels of economic growth 224
experience improvement 242
expertise 104, 107, 120
exploitation 10, 17, 21–22, 26, 30, 38–40, 42, 45, 175, 182, 198, 291, 293
capitalist 70
colonial 105, 235, 290
illegal 197–198, 358
neo-colonial 36
resource 302
wanton 258
exploitation by foreign stakeholders 17, 53
exploitative behaviour of foreign stakeholders 36, 74
exploitative grip 174
exploitative relationships 70
exploitative wage rates 26
exploration 21
exposure 32
expanded 249
expropriation 232
forceful 200
massive 26
External actions 135
external domination 90, 216
continuous 13, 38
external interferences 76, 283, 294
continued 262
external pressures 181
unwarranted 270
external state and non-state actors 8
extraction 22–23, 26, 28
massive 25
extractive industry 198
Extra-national obligations 63, 208, 229, 352
extraterritorial activities of foreign stakeholders 180
Extraterritoriality 208–209, 352
Extraterritorial Obligations 177, 208–209, 220, 295, 309, 331, 358
extreme levels of poverty and social inequality 106
extreme poverty ranking 249, 362
facilities 253
loan 121
public 26
Facing Complexities 132, 176, 316, 324
Failed development vision 248, 332
failure 35, 109, 119, 121, 124, 126, 136, 250, 256–257, 259, 284
critical 203
government’s 230
overall economic 258
Failure of foreign aid in developing countries 109, 339
failure of politics 34, 324
Fair Trial and Legal Assistance in Africa 205, 358
faith, good 72, 111, 210, 215
Fanon’s Warning 143, 314
fatigue, increasing 113
favoured destinations 8
fdi 222, 224, 329
finance development 262
financial-flows-crippling-the-continent 272, 363
financial institutions 88, 301–302
continental 301
financial prohibitions 281
financing for development 94, 99, 255, 300
findings, clear 204
first instance, jurisdictions of 187, 309
fiscal revenues 121
flora 222, 278
focus
central 296, 310
dedicated 147
institutional 166, 268
primary 7
focus Africa’s history of development injustices 20
focus on capabilities 31
focus on good governance 259
Following Sen’s definition 98
food 58, 73, 171, 195, 246, 260, 263, 297
food security 42, 346
food shortages 281
force 49–50, 126, 133, 159, 185, 187, 200, 204, 237, 243, 247, 299, 301
dynamic 144
indomitable 47
legal 97
military 124
normative 61, 155, 169–170
force and repression on Libya 237
forced labour 26
foreign aid 92, 97–98, 101, 106, 109, 252–253, 260, 276, 326–327, 335, 337, 339, 364–365
volume of 97–98
Foreign aid to Africa 276, 335
foreign assistance 3–4, 101–102, 109, 217, 276–278, 297, 300, 306, 345
foreign conglomerates 120
foreign direct investment in Africa 116, 222, 328, 334–335
foreign direct investment operations 304
foreign domination 5, 112, 136, 159, 162, 213, 216, 218, 238, 248, 291–294
foreign domination in Libya 238
foreign economic cooperation 222, 342
foreign exploitation 236
continuous 227
foreign extractive multinationals 169
foreign influence 239
foreign interference 213
foreign investors 221, 329
foreign multinationals 302
foreign policy 105, 135, 208, 237, 319, 321, 323, 338, 352
foreign policy agendas 115–116
foreign stakeholders 5, 8–10, 52–53, 87–88, 119, 133, 142–143, 150–151, 153–154, 175–176, 178–182, 188–189, 209, 212, 215–217, 220, 284–287, 294–296, 305–306, 308–309
foreign stakeholders and non-state actors 178–179, 182
foreign stakeholders influence 151, 248
forest 202, 204, 330
forest habitat 202
forge negotiations 275
formal recognition 20, 43
formative stages 179
formulation, convoluted 171
Fostering Development 170, 314
foundation 35, 38, 44–45, 116, 138, 167, 270, 367
historical 20
legal 7
foundation for post-colonial development in Africa 38
founding model, appropriate 36
founding principles 39
fragile states 37, 350
least developed countries 117
framework
appropriate 36
global 41, 67, 118
multilateral 108
operational 145, 297
pan-African 306
regulatory 222, 352
rights-based 66
framework convention 3, 9, 55, 84, 208, 331
framework mechanism 141, 149
framework model 11, 38, 110, 143, 217, 344
framework of development cooperation 5, 9, 84, 87, 111, 115, 119, 131, 135, 137–138, 140, 151, 155
framing of development cooperation 114
Françafrique 130, 229, 231, 278
Franco-African relations 228, 340
Francophone Africa 122, 130, 153, 228–230, 317, 328
freedom 31, 37–38, 45, 69–70, 72–73, 98, 133–134, 161, 174, 216, 236, 279–280, 283–286, 288–289, 318–319
actual 98
basic 67, 279
collective 279
cultural 279–281, 296
fundamental 30, 62, 66, 78, 84, 107, 229, 287
political 34, 36, 39, 118, 173
real human 161
substantive 118
freedom and identity 54, 57, 69, 133, 146, 165, 269
freedom and moral agency 151
freedom to exercise 189
free trade area 148, 150
inclusive 149
inclusive continental 148, 345
free trade zone, largest 148
French colonial tax 278, 368
French-imposed colonial pact 130
French monetary hegemony 150
function
core 190
normative 114
political 132
regulatory 154
functional alternatives 72
functional disconnect 4
functionalist understanding 76
functional model 218, 271, 293, 298–299
home-grown 292
Functional Requirements 271
fundamental factor 284
fundamental features 151
fundamental flaw 145
fundamental rights 246, 331, 342
funding 134, 300–301
external 301
futile efforts 37
futures
creating African 11, 29, 41, 83, 251, 296, 338
creating sustainable 12
genuinely African 296
Gabon 234
game reserve 200
gauging development 132
gdp 99, 224, 255–256
gdp growth 121, 353
gdp quota 99, 256
gender equality 59, 103, 157, 164, 348
gender-equitable framework, enabling 164
gender perspectives 163
generations 2, 37, 70, 72, 126, 156, 161–163, 239, 243, 254, 308
first 161
generations of rights 161
generic concept 267
geopolitical groupings 306
geopolitical motives 151
deep-seated 114
geopolitics of international development cooperation 100, 337
German social state principle 267, 334
Ghana 27–28, 32–34, 120, 196, 258, 275, 322, 335, 350
Ghana’s independence leader 46
Gidden’s theory 135
global arrangement 42–43, 87, 112, 276, 287
lop-sided 85
global development 2, 10, 77, 223, 265, 297
global development imbalances 108
Global Dynamics 83–151
global governance 4, 114, 116, 290, 321, 327, 341
global imbalances 39, 42, 85, 118
endemic 80
global inequalities 9, 11, 83, 164, 265, 327
established 100
Globalisation 42, 167, 225, 260, 276, 316, 318, 321, 324, 326–327, 335–336
corporate 199, 253, 326
encroaching 37
globalization 244, 248, 326, 335, 337
uneven neoliberal 105
Global Justice 214, 319
global order 43
more just 42
global partnership for poverty eradication and sustainable development 94, 360
global partnership mechanism 107
global partnership model 109
global partnerships 50, 95, 102–103, 108–110, 112, 219
global player 79
influential 262
global policies 41, 108, 331
global system 41–43, 99, 139, 176, 208, 286
equitable 6, 43
goal 66, 75, 80–81, 95, 103, 108, 116, 126, 276, 279, 286
aspirational 170
common 94
fundamental 81
ultimate 61, 145, 283, 290
Good faith in international law 210, 341
good governance 3, 103–104, 157–158, 166, 256–257, 259–260, 267–268, 348–350
good governance concept 257
good governance ideology 257
good governance in Africa 257
goods 147–148, 178, 210
imported capital 119
governance 33, 35, 78–79, 147, 262–263, 266–267, 290, 307, 310, 314, 317, 320, 326–327, 349, 351
democratic 145, 257
effective 161
people-centred 256
political 143, 268
poor 121
governance and development model 270
Governance and illicit financial flows 272, 345
governance constraints 248
governance in Africa 290
governance malpractices 1, 34, 79
deep-rooted 268
internal 293
governance mechanism in Africa 304
governance model 305
good 259–260
governance model for development 305
governance paradigm 191
governance system 247
organised 26
government actions 171, 248
government capacities 61
government policy 222, 328
governments 59–60, 146–149, 157–158, 160, 167–168, 170, 172, 191, 204, 228, 231–233, 242, 244–246, 272, 355–356
guide 184
home 34
grinding poverty 106
struggle in 65
ground, high moral 229, 344
group rights 161
groups, marginalised 172
groups of people 168
growth 55, 85, 88, 104, 239, 266, 334, 349–350, 363, 367
accelerated 65
domestic 115
long-term 24, 339
self-sustaining 88
sustainable 141, 224
Growth and poverty in developing countries 119, 327
growth rates 101, 225
annual 230
average per capita 223
impressive economic 85, 250
growth statistics 224
guarantees 39–40, 58–59, 69–70, 72, 78, 133–134, 136, 139, 153–154, 163–164, 166, 183, 204–205, 211, 215–216, 240, 264–266
domestic 272
entitlements 56
income 57
legal 52, 95
theoretical 288
treaty 227
guarantees entitlement 57, 243
guarantees justice in development 132
guarantees mutuality 108
guarantees state sovereignty 264
guide, interpretative 227, 267, 272, 297, 305
guide development processes 226
guide implementation 273
Guidelines 180, 205, 207, 214, 316, 324, 358
moral 95
guilt, collective 118
habit 276, 279
habitation 199, 284
habit of hand-stretching for assistance 279
hand
free 174
helping 252
hand-stretching for assistance 279
happy planet index criterion 118
hardship 269
inflicted acute socio-economic 281
Harlow’s conception 254
harm 180, 205–206, 208, 213
avert 213
irreparable 203, 205–206
harmonising efforts 15
haves 149, 256
hdi country profile 277, 364
health 27, 32, 95, 172, 208, 317, 336–337, 340, 355
maternal 103
mental 253, 360
health care 57, 73, 171, 238–239
healthcare facilities 80
health establishments 239
hegemony 100, 102, 277, 306
Heretical reflections 27, 173, 340
Hidden resource 272, 349
higher levels of economic growth 304
high-handedness 193
Highly Indebted Poor Countries (hipic) 288, 332
hijacked opportunities 288
hinder development 137, 243
hinder progress 153, 272
hindrances 135, 192, 301
historical disadvantage 76, 203
historical evidence 158
history 11, 19, 30, 73, 87, 112, 190, 278, 288, 320, 330
complex development 19
compromised 293
distressful 81
entangled 22
focus Africa’s 20
legal 240, 331
history of humankind and hijacked opportunities for advancement 288
holders 126, 135, 200, 268
potential 274
holistic concept 55
home-grown alternative model for development 6, 15
home-grown model for Africa 267
home-grown substitute to development cooperation 291
horizons, new 29
hostile factors 308
housing 58, 72–73, 171, 238
adequate 263
human activity 303
human beings 23, 62, 134
free 73
human capabilities 56, 69, 76, 266, 272, 280, 284
activating 253
human development 27–29, 34, 118, 164, 168, 244, 252, 259, 268–269, 343, 351–352
human development index 80, 232, 240, 244, 277
human development ranking 236
global 223
human development targets 225
human input, requisite 24
Humanitarian aid and development assistance 97, 363
humanitarian emergencies 188, 281, 339
humanitarian interventions 210, 282, 347
supposed 238
humanity 10, 18, 77, 214, 273, 319, 333
human person 2, 59, 61, 78, 213, 225, 248, 280, 288
human rights 2–4, 7–8, 18–19, 38–41, 47–51, 53–59, 61–62, 64–65, 71–75, 134–139, 156–161, 180–183, 185–191, 208–211, 257–259, 280–282, 284–289, 313–326, 328–354, 356–361
collective 64
human rights abuses 25, 106, 123–124, 229, 342, 366
massive 33
human rights accountability 289, 351
human rights and development in Africa 7, 16, 83, 295, 321, 323, 338, 344
human rights and foreign direct investment 221, 329
Human Rights and Structural Adjustment 258, 313
Human Rights-Based Approach to Development Cooperation 134
human rights concept 5, 16, 20, 53, 75, 77, 154, 274, 293–294
human rights entitlements 145, 220
human rights framework 68
human rights impute obligations to non-state actors 189
human rights instruments 73, 180, 215
international 245
human rights law 49, 132, 178–179, 182, 186–187, 317
human rights obligations 74, 146, 149, 186–187, 276, 282, 284, 319, 342, 354
Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Actors 282, 314
human rights offences 40, 45, 209, 287
human rights policy, positive 281, 327
human rights revolution 146, 282, 329
human rights standards 65, 123, 179–180, 282, 286, 289
universal 8, 59–60, 145, 180, 309
human rights theory 186
human rights treaties 209
regional 53, 286
human rights violations 178, 181, 186, 190, 207–208, 280, 282–283, 286–288, 346–347, 351, 356
endemic 298
massive 123, 206
human well-being in Africa 131, 297
hybrid African Court of Justice and human rights 187
idealism 125, 289, 354
ideals, noble 303
idea of capabilities 13
idea of country ownership of development programmes 134
idea of development 19, 39, 44, 54, 59, 142
idea of entitlement 42
idea of equality 42
idea of partnership 93
idea of poverty 67
idea of sovereignty 162
identity 54, 146, 165, 199, 203, 223, 269, 279, 316, 326, 330
collective 70
common 167
communal 57
contested 203
shared 105
ideological affinities 200
ideologies 30, 34–35, 101, 132, 236, 298
conceived 35
controversial 245
imperial 29
neoliberal 143
patriarchal 70
political 116, 237, 298
western capitalist 87
Illicit financial flows 222, 272, 345, 349, 352, 363
imbalances 43, 176
structural 4, 50, 109, 114
imf Policy Paper 117
immiserization 26
impact 22–24, 83–84, 121, 123, 162–164, 190–191, 257, 259, 281, 317, 319, 324, 342, 349–350, 353–354
impediment 39–40, 136, 166, 188
greatest 35
structural 108
systemic 119
imperial influence of foreign stakeholders 271
imperialism 24, 28, 124, 238–239, 277, 302, 313, 367
British 27, 334
yoke of 235
imperialistic practices 117, 175, 213, 256
forestall 33
imperialistic tendencies 218
implementation
actual 216
practical 152, 176
implementation model 269
implementation of people-centred development policies 139
implementation of structural adjustment 258
implication 173, 175, 220–222, 227, 241, 243, 248, 282, 307–308, 325, 327, 329, 332
important instrument of development cooperation 97
imposition 105, 122, 135, 186, 277
external power 93
impoverished peoples of Africa 80
impoverishment 18, 269, 280
Impressive economic performance 119
improved living standards 65, 147, 169, 226, 236, 243–245, 261, 275
improved living standards and sustainable development 244
improvement
achieved 98
constant 140, 175, 212, 244, 253, 283–284, 286, 292
sustained 200
Improving aid effectiveness 104, 352
impunity 47, 77, 154, 175–176, 178, 196, 209, 265, 270, 285, 296–297
combat 269
condone 198, 215
freely and with 195
reject 178
impunity for non-state actors 196
inclusive growth 85, 224, 304, 359
inclusive growth and sustainable development 224
inclusive participation 71
income 58, 73
national 98, 255
income barometer 280
income per capita 80
increased 27
incompatibilities, global 61
incongruous power imbalance 101
inconsistencies 14, 195, 248
increasing dependence on China for development financing 250
indebted poor countries 117, 288, 367
Indebted Poor Countries Initiative 288, 340
independence 25, 30–37, 39–41, 45–47, 50, 173–174, 216, 221, 228–230, 235, 270, 274, 367
achieved 46
nominal 122
sustain 34
independence constitutions 34, 37
independence leaders 46
independence of nations 174, 216
independence project 33, 35
independence source of financing for development 300
independence to Africa 274
independent development policy making 112
in-depth analysis 128
in-depth understanding 305
indeterminate motives of development cooperation 86
indigenous peoples 74, 136, 157, 161, 203–204, 223, 339, 341, 359
fundamental freedoms of 224, 361
indigenous property rights 26
indigenous rights 185, 228, 338, 351
indigenous territories 273
industrialised countries 6, 21–22, 42, 74, 99, 101, 117–118, 137, 153, 176, 302
western 211, 222
ineffective implementation 221, 248–249, 325
inequalities 27, 76, 164, 271, 286
structural 25, 79, 108, 145
Inevitable conflict 349
influence of foreign stakeholders and endemic corruption 248
influx, massive 281
infrastructures, public 80
injustices 44–46, 54, 59, 76, 79–80, 153, 173, 175, 265, 270, 274
colonial 28, 47
endemic 158
gross 31
historical 18, 22, 48, 182, 254
social 70
systemic 25
innovation system and quality of governance 266
innovation system and quality of governance for Africa 266
inordinate dependence on development cooperation 291
insecurity 136, 254
instability 1, 34, 46, 122, 254
political 27, 36, 121, 222, 328
institutional development 24, 339
institutional frameworks 87
domestic 184
mandated 291
institutional mechanisms 37, 210
creating new 290
robust 242
institutional performance 259–260
institutions 55, 91, 118, 120–121, 147, 222, 239, 248, 328, 334, 340
accountable 147
indigenous 203
strong 309
weak judicial 25
institutions of governance 147
instruments 56, 59–60, 95–96, 142, 145, 151–152, 180–181, 211, 241–242, 275, 281, 296, 299
ancillary 71, 99, 103, 142, 160, 167, 175, 212
authoritative normative 160
constitutive 167
continental policy 305
domestic development policy 241
first hard law 49
foundational 187
international 2, 48, 52, 95, 349
legal 5, 84, 153–155, 178, 216, 228
nepad founding 142
non-binding 180
pioneer treaty 159–160
primary 95
regional 229
regulatory 299
soft law 47, 95, 156
statutory 36
insufficiencies, democratic 1
integration 14, 128, 131, 142, 151, 186, 217, 343, 350
economic 131, 147
effective 131
socio-economic 129, 131
integration of nepad 142
interdependence 136, 161, 341
interdict 206–207
interests 5, 50, 88, 91, 96, 98, 106, 128–129, 184, 230, 235–236
colonial 28
commercial 92
common 200
dominant self-seeking 9
foreign 27, 130, 237
geopolitical 116
ideological 115
imperialist 162
legitimate 302
mutual 105, 128
nationalistic 150
politicised 204
rent-seeking 151
strategic 115
vested 8
interests of foreign stakeholders 295
international agreements 243
international arena 144
International Arrangements 302, 320
international community 51, 59, 127, 136, 139, 141, 157, 255, 277–278, 282, 299–300
international cooperation 8–9, 15, 75, 84, 89–91, 107, 114, 208, 213, 219, 351–352
effective 253
international customary practice 95
international decision processes 116
International Development 88, 94, 96, 100–101, 113–114, 118, 314–315, 322–324, 333–334, 346, 351, 357
international development agencies 89, 144
international development cooperation 88, 96, 100, 313, 337
international disputes 137
International economic governance 289, 351
international human rights law 19, 49, 110, 216, 237, 285, 321, 344, 367–368
international law 7, 32, 39–43, 76–77, 84, 95, 100–101, 109–114, 124, 137–138, 172–174, 180–181, 208–212, 275–276, 295–296, 313–317, 319–322, 324–333, 335–337, 339–341
international law principle 41, 90, 94, 111, 246, 264
international law requirement for development cooperation 157
international law standards 53
international level 43, 47–48, 51, 74, 125, 130–131, 138, 157, 188
international market 23
International Monetary Fund 117–118, 121, 231, 348, 350, 360
international reproach 281
international strategy 116
international trade 23–24, 30, 281, 287, 327, 353
international transactions 92
interpretative ambiguities 228, 338
intervention in Libya 123
interventions 1, 123, 142, 178, 193, 282
military 281
interventions by foreign stakeholders 142
invasion 22, 24, 59, 234
colonial-style 202, 273
foreign 235
investment 85, 361
securing Chinese 116, 334
investment capital 302
requisite 302
investment opportunities 92
investment space 224
isolation 47, 297, 306
diplomatic 277, 281
jeopardise enjoyment 142
judgments, contradictory 188
Judicial enforcement of socio-economic rights in South Africa 138, 263, 339
judicial processes 159, 175, 190, 200, 273, 296, 309
judicial remedies 163, 181, 211, 319
judicial review 246
judiciary 56, 192
juridification 172, 344
jurisdiction 53, 169, 181, 185–189, 209, 211, 286
criminal 187
domestic 179, 192
higher 187, 189
jurisdictional 209
jurisprudence 95, 194–195, 204–205, 210–211, 219, 233, 246, 331, 334, 341, 344–345
emerging 211, 346
established 214
nascent 185
jurisprudential interpretation 253
jus cogens 108, 183
justice 5–6, 30–31, 75–77, 81, 132–133, 154–155, 160–161, 166–167, 187, 192–193, 204–205, 215, 239–240, 294, 339–340, 358
dispense 182
equitable 109
preventive 78
redistributive 43, 86, 192
remedial 48
reparative 254
restorative 78, 254
upholding 269
justice and freedom 6
justice demands offenders 205
justiciability 186, 195–196, 275, 335, 345
justification 5–6, 15, 19, 22, 110–111, 221, 225, 227, 250–251, 262, 266, 291, 294
fundamental legal 94
legitimate moral 31
Kenyan government in contravention 273
Kenyan government in violation of provisions 186
Kenyan government’s decision 200
Kenyan government’s failure 200
Kigali Declaration and Plan of Action 190, 357
knowledge
generating 311
working 308
knowledge systems 29
labour, cheap 24, 32
labour camp, massive 26
land 32, 37, 123, 199–200, 202, 223, 239, 242, 273, 325, 329–330
famished 281, 366
land and resources 223, 328
land dispossession 206
land expropriation 26
landmark judgment 202
land ownership 199
land reform policies, controversial 281
landscape 100, 341
new development cooperation 85, 333
largest number of people 249
largest provider of development assistance 278
law
apartheid 26
applicable 188
binding 126
enforcing 25
fundamental statute 46
hard 47
national 188, 246
positive 159
soft 3, 51
supreme 242
law and legal reasoning 251
law and order 27
lawful recovery 206
law guarantees 174
law obligates 177
Law on Human Rights and Development in Africa 131
law perspective 26, 338
law to remedy development injustices 87
Lawyers’ Committee 259, 317
leaders 270, 308
emerging 308
progressive 130
transformative 33, 262
unprepared 37
leadership 33, 147, 164, 261–263, 306–308, 313–314, 327, 335, 345
committed 262
contemporary 261
corrupt 289
effective 134
insensible 1
irresponsible 35
repressive 236, 238
transactional 262
transformational 307
unfocused 262
visionary 260
Leadership and Performance 262, 313
leadership and stakeholder structures 147
Leadership Effectiveness 262, 314
leadership for the disillusioned 262, 343
leadership in Africa 307
leadership theories 262
transactional 262, 340
least developed 288
left Africa’s precious resources and people 290
legacy 18, 22–23, 25, 54, 81, 261, 271
communal 162
legal action 53, 163, 181, 192, 198, 205, 285
joint 181
legal argument 172
legal arrangements 176
Legal Assistance 205, 358
legal barriers 135, 340
legal basis 87, 208
legal capacity to access 275
Legal culture and transformative constitutionalism 270, 335
legal duty, primary 175
legal duty of states governments 307
legal entitlements 4, 44, 56, 59, 146, 154, 271, 294
absolute 50
claimable 18
legal experts 48
legal framework 46, 49, 75–76, 81, 90, 95, 151, 246, 266, 271
domestic 242
legal framework for development cooperation 95
legality 26, 60, 94, 242, 269, 272
legal norms 94
international 281
legal obligations 69, 75, 88–89, 95, 99, 126–127, 139, 146, 182, 186, 209, 214, 220
relevant 114
legal obligations stemming 86
legal processes 56, 159, 192, 217
legal protection 36, 181, 270
guaranteed 51–52
legal question 158
legal reasoning 251
legal recognition 19, 43, 49, 51, 110, 223
domestic 250
legal relationships 274
legal remedy 274
legal representatives 184
legal requirement for development cooperation 95
legal responsibility 47, 176–177, 179, 198, 207, 215, 220
direct 135, 198
double 177
legal status 20, 53, 110, 125, 211, 347
legal strategy 76
legal theory 99, 211
legislation 184, 309
appropriate 294
comprehensive 245
domestic 96, 132, 170, 175, 179, 275, 305–306
enacted 186
legislative framework, appropriate 263
legitimacy 18–19, 32, 60, 102, 140, 166, 239, 242, 275
legitimacy in development cooperation 140
legitimate expectations 111, 248
level of penetration by foreign stakeholders 150
levels of economic growth 304
leverage, global economic 306
lex ferenda 179
lex lata 186, 212
liabilities 178–179, 189, 212, 216, 285
corporate 187
liabilities to foreign stakeholders 216
Liability for Foreign Stakeholders and Non-state Actors 179
liability of foreign stakeholders on violations 285
liberation 30, 33, 35–36, 40, 76, 78
political 34
total 235
liberation leaders 32–34
liberation struggles 30
liberty 45, 52, 55, 69–70, 96, 98, 161, 165, 173–174, 266, 271, 273, 275
civil 34, 36
political 160, 280
Libya 123–124, 134–135, 226–227, 234–240, 245, 277, 282, 285, 315, 347, 349–350, 358, 363–364
constrained 278
destabilised 135
Libyan people 235–236, 238–239, 277, 282
Libyan sanctions experience 277, 350
Libya’s autonomy 235
life expectancy 27, 238, 285
lifestyle 238
cultural 199
modern 57
lifestyle characteristics 57
life-support of development assistance 103
limitations 100, 196
structural 14
litigating 192–193, 297
litigation
private law 189
public interest 172, 193, 352
livelihood 33, 58, 64, 194, 202, 245, 303
decent 136
human 186
improved 75, 126, 133, 140, 232
sustainable 160
sustained 236, 283
livelihood circumstances 225, 263, 307
livelihood exigencies 308
livelihood security 103–104, 249
livelihood sustainability challenges 248
livelihood sustainability issues 287
livelihood value 260
living conditions 78, 100, 104, 231, 258, 264, 306
better 281
living standards 1, 5, 26, 164, 168, 171, 225, 228, 242, 244, 248–249, 303–304, 308
improving 248
raised 124
securing better 2
living standards and sustainable development 244
loans 121, 259
foreign 121
local development 244, 330
local economic initiatives 148
local productivity 148
local realities 29, 135, 273
local remedies 187–188, 190, 233, 309
exhausted 187
logistical difficulties 193
long-term effects 22, 339
looting 26, 28, 198, 235
low income countries 117, 329
low standards 1, 310
sustaining 213
Maastricht Guidelines on Violations 178, 286, 357
Maastricht Principles on Extraterritorial Obligations of States 177, 208, 220, 295, 331, 358
macro-economic policies 258
well-intentioned 120
mainstreaming 145, 165–166, 299
committed 300
Major Impediments 256
Management 121, 233, 262, 307, 319, 336, 340
sustainable 260, 266
Mandated Entities 226
manifestation 292
poignant 101
mankind 54, 146, 162, 165, 203, 269, 339, 343–344, 367
mankind principle 162, 335
Mapping donor strategies 176, 346
marginalisation 254
continuous 233
marginalisation of the poor 259
marginalised status 163
marginalising treatment, alleged 233
marketable commodities 302
market alternatives 176
market opportunities 92, 115
market size 222, 328
mass, sustained 26
masses 238
impoverished 236
massive acquisition of independence 7
material benefits 60
material possessions 243
material resources 22, 252, 290
raw 303
matter of governance 310
Mau forest 202–204, 206, 330, 352
Maximising benefits 221
means and facilities, appropriate 219
measurement 118, 120, 258, 267, 316, 323
measures
adequate 113
appropriate 60, 126, 138, 163, 204–205, 207, 263, 308
concrete 4, 164, 292
counter 300
effective 267
legislative 128, 168, 183, 242
practical 158, 184, 282, 305
precautionary 162, 184
pre-emptive 280
preliminary 174, 309
redistributive 249
regulatory 178, 265
remedial 207
mechanism 2, 5, 9–10, 18–19, 22, 50, 86, 89, 95–96, 112, 114, 181–182, 218–219
active enforcement 213
alternative remedy 190
clear enforcement 227
development funding 300
domestic governance 166
framework policy 141
functional 109, 150, 187, 242, 308
functional framework 147
independent 143
inevitable 147
judicial remedy 192
non-adversarial 190
peer review 143
protective 148
regional 290
regulatory 221, 225
safeguard 211
mechanism of development assistance 96
mechanism of development cooperation 1, 8, 16, 75, 82, 87, 100, 110, 295
member states 88, 127, 129, 133–134, 149–150, 156–157, 159, 165, 227, 290, 305
individual 227
merit 120
middle income 117
militarised operational commands 231
military disruptions 122
Military Disruptions Post-independence Africa 122
military expedition 124
military expedition in Libya 124
military operations 130, 207
military support 123
unremitting 123
Millennium Development Goals 50, 61, 95, 103, 108, 219, 276, 286, 350, 360–361, 363
mineral exploitation arrangements 222, 352
Minerals flow 222, 334
minimal extent 204
minimum wage 235
minority groups 185
Minority Rights Development 51, 183, 185, 193, 198, 253, 351, 355
Minority Rights Group International 51, 183, 193, 198, 202, 204, 253, 353, 355, 362
mobilisation 144, 276, 300–301
modalities
device 302
functional 253, 296
operational 90, 92–94, 99, 104, 142
practical 15
recommended 86
modalities for integrated governance 297
modality of development cooperation 253
model
applicable 2, 265, 298
capability 253
conceptual 262, 335
holistic 268
home-grown 4, 6, 266–267, 297, 299, 306
home-growth 17
imported 38, 260
indigenous 28, 327
innovative 265
paternalistic 1, 18, 308
post-independence 228
pragmatic 34
pre-existing 218, 292
prevailing 273
rights-based 297
standardised 306
unique 236
model for governance 191
Modern African 230
modernisation 76
modernity 11, 83, 337
modo-colonialism 130
modus operandi 85, 111, 143
monist theories 127, 346
monitoring and evaluation of Agenda 147
monitoring mechanism 184, 209
universal 210
Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Development 99
Monterrey International Conference on Financing for Development 94
moral character 50
moral conscience 136
moral obligations, positive 76
moral undertaking 156
motivation 95–96, 114, 129, 303
primary 28, 118
motives 91–92, 105, 113, 124, 295, 353
humanitarian 92
mercantile 92
primary 91, 120
movement 147
radical opposition 231
movements, positive 224
multidimensional processes 78
multilateral forums 115
multilateralism 107, 153, 228, 353
Multilateralism and Global Partnership 107
multinational corporations 88, 186–187, 196, 198, 207, 328
foreign 301
mutual accountability and responsibility and policy space 298
Mutual Reinforcement 131, 313
narratives 170
parochial Eurocentric 12
reinvented universal 11
standard theoretical 11
national constitutions 52, 127, 146, 172, 183, 189, 191, 355
national development 169, 171, 199, 243, 245, 253, 261, 268, 326
national development planning 163, 226, 245
national development policy framework 245
National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy 247
national economy 239
productive 239
national gross domestic product 99
national human rights institutions 73, 190–191, 320, 348–349, 357
National Implementation 139, 319
nationalisation 235
national issues 237
national levels 74, 182, 190, 309
nations 21, 44, 105, 108, 169, 174, 216, 231, 243–244, 306, 363
civilised 210
individual 88
native lands 26
nato assault on Libya 282
nato intervention 124, 135, 238, 285, 363
humanitarian 285
natural resource endowments 102, 222
natural resources 76, 79, 167–168, 174, 195, 197–198, 200, 202, 222–224, 228, 230, 302
natural socialism 135
natural wealth 153, 222, 278
domestic 237
natural wealth and resources 40, 69, 79, 81, 119, 148, 162, 171, 250
nature
abstract 197
asymmetrical 112
authoritative 239
binding 163, 189
collective 63, 70, 132, 172
composite 161
conceptual 15, 20, 54, 271, 291
cultural 84, 90, 103, 280
dual 63
environmental 8
humanitarian 58, 107
intangible 206
legal 59, 61, 194
mutual 93
patronising 260
pragmatic 20, 298
theoretical 20
nature of development cooperation 275
nature of remedies 194, 205, 305
negative balance sheet 120
negative obligation 10, 77, 206, 213, 306
neocolonialism 33, 43, 332
neoliberal 149, 300
neo-liberal understanding 71
nepad and human rights 176, 336
nepad mechanism 149
nepad programme 141–142
nepad’s transformation 144, 365
new definition of development cooperation 89
New Directions 162, 319
new frontiers 260
new frontiers of assistance 260
New momentum 208, 328
New Partnership for Africa’s Development/African Union 141
New Partnership for Africa’s Development Declaration 141
New players 87
new system of governance 35
nhrc 247
nhri 146–147, 190–191
projects 147
nieo campaign 41–42
Niger Delta 194
Nigerian government in complicity 195
Nigerian government in Ogoniland 194
Nigerians, impoverished 250
Nigeria’s ratification 246
Nigeria’s underdevelopment 248, 332
Non-Aligned Movement 88
non-binding rulings 204
non-governmental organisations 192
accredited 193
based 202
non-regression 283
non-state actors 175, 177–178, 180–182, 187, 189, 194–196, 208–210, 212, 282, 286–287, 294–295, 309, 314
foreign 53
territorial 282, 342
non-state actors and foreign stakeholders 189, 209, 212, 294
non-state actors and states in international law 282, 295, 331
non-violation 212
normative framework 9, 354
normative impact 167
normativity 51
norms 41, 76, 133, 140, 154
derivative 11
established 41
global 12, 251, 261, 289
universal 53
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 123, 238
North-South aid conditionality strategy 103
north-south cooperation principles 104, 353
North-South cooperation structure 103
North-South development cooperation 102
North-South donors 105
North-South pattern 105, 107
dominant 104
number
good 194
growing 224
largest 25, 249
requisite 187
total 23, 122
unprecedented 88
oau Charter 15, 31, 37–38, 81
objectives
implementable 145
intended 258
national 170–171, 246
primary 129, 220
obligation of African states 177
obligation on state parties 165, 175, 263
obligations 60, 72–73, 96–97, 113, 125–126, 133–134, 137–138, 140, 145–146, 175, 177–183, 185–186, 208–209, 211–212, 242, 263–264, 274–276, 280, 304–305, 307–308
absolute 95, 112, 183
collective 114, 129
concrete 304
constitutional 168, 183, 261
core 182
corporate 183, 361
duty-bearer 147
explicit 112
extra-territorial 208, 340
governmental 196
international 170, 282
justiciable 171
mutual 75
positive 77, 301
primary 215
reciprocal 94
state’s 126, 183
universal 209, 352
obligation to take other measures 138, 263
observations 149, 209, 290, 294
odas 89, 96, 199, 231, 278, 340, 364
net 232
oda target 255
oecd 8, 85, 87–88, 90–91, 134, 163, 221, 230, 232, 255, 366
oecd Convention 180
oecd-dac, 96, 118, 350
oecd-dac doctrine 107
oecd-dac rules 104
official development assistance 87–88, 91, 96, 231, 278, 340, 347–348
Official Development Assistance Target 96, 357
often-uncontainable actions of foreign stakeholders 215
often-unresponsive 146
Ogiek Community 183, 186, 192, 202–207, 264, 283–284, 355
indigenous 264
Ogiek judgment 205
Ogiek peoples 202–203, 205
Ogiek Peoples’ Development Programme 202–203
Ogoni crisis 210, 349
Ogoniland 194
the destruction of the 195
Ogoni people 194–195, 207
oic member countries 98
oil 198, 235, 366
crude 194, 249
oil economy 235
oil spills, massive 194
oil wealth 236, 278
people’s 195
on-the-ground realities, practical 292
Operational Considerations 279
operational difficulties 81
operational modalities for development cooperation 93
operational model 2, 15, 33, 36, 227, 235, 256, 293
solid 46
operational principle, established 299
operational processes 205
operational strategy 141, 144
operations of foreign stakeholders 309
opportunities for economic growth 121
opposition 11
anti-French 231
direct 297
political 123
radical 231
optimistic interpretation 27
order
judicial 214
new global economic 43
new international economic 8, 39, 42–43, 176, 329
Order for Provisional Measures 203
Organisation of African Unity Cairo Egypt 160
orientation 89
developmental 36
people-centred 149
origins
actual 20
historical 23, 366
remote 21
origins of development cooperation 86–87
orthodox understanding 54, 63
outcomes
alternative 251
anticipated 154, 174, 216
direct 249
expected 99
outlined measurable 305
practical 99, 118
substantive 78–80
overarching status 170
overbearing influence of foreign stakeholders 265
over-dependence on development cooperation 267
overseas territories 102
ownership 55, 69, 149, 171, 197, 202, 296
communal 162
domestic 108, 112
effective 79
private 239
public 239
ownership rights, first 223
pace 108, 144
slow 248
pace for development in developing countries 108
pacta sunt servanda 111, 210
pan-African Congresses 33
pan-African Development Fund 302
pan-Africanism 298
paradigms 10–11, 15, 83–84, 218, 221, 226, 234, 265, 291, 333
aid effectiveness 42, 96, 352
colonial 11, 256, 344
dominant 76
established 296
new 10, 68, 141, 265, 273, 297, 343
a new global economic 273
new global economic 68
operational 45, 267
political-economy 12, 41, 333
standard-setting 175
western capitalist 215
paradigm shift 18, 292, 294, 296, 298
parliamentary processes 127
participant, active 78
participation 52, 55, 89, 94, 165, 169, 232, 236, 243–245, 249, 259, 261
active 71, 79, 163, 288, 310
civic 26
youth 165
participation and freedom 42
participatory and accountable institutions of governance 147
participatory processes 71
particularities, regional 53
parties 9, 126, 133, 183, 189, 203, 212, 220, 274–275, 285–286
defaulting 281
non-state 185, 209, 215
partners 61, 79, 91, 94
partnership 93–94, 105, 115, 135, 230, 252, 287, 300, 328, 332, 347
developed countries conceptualise 93
equal horizontal 107
equitable 88
international 143
supposed South-South 115
part of foreign stakeholders 143
party dictatorship, single 46
paternalism 100–101, 290
paternalistic 16, 100, 112
paternalistic colonial models 10
paternalistic nature of development cooperation 4, 83
patriarchal cultures 164
patriarchal forms 118
patrimonialism 29, 229
patronage 83, 100, 211, 301
patronise recipient countries 96
patronising nature of development cooperation 99, 280, 291, 295
patterns of development cooperation 93, 102, 142
payment 202, 273
compulsory 301
payments, requisite 302
peace 103, 132, 136–137, 158, 270, 349
international 136–137
post-war 21
peace and good governance 158
peer review processes 142
penetration 150
penetration by foreign stakeholders 150
people-centred development 104
peoples
all 204, 223
decolonised 274
empowered 268
local 210
marginalised 289
ordinary 34
subjugated 234, 270
young 149, 165
Peoples’ capability 287
peoples in developing countries 62
peoples in recipient countries 104
peoples of Africa 1–2, 4–5, 29–32, 67–70, 78–80, 111–113, 133–134, 144–149, 153–154, 173–175, 182–185, 215–218, 253–254, 263–265, 271, 279–280, 292, 294–296, 302–304, 306–311
peoples of Africa entitlement to actual self-determination 216
peoples of Africa in confrontational court battles 191
peoples of Africa in subordination to foreign domination 292
peoples of Africa to claim entitlement to development 295
peoples of Africa to global patterns of coloniality 296
Peoples’ Rights 1, 48, 167, 184, 241, 246, 287, 305
per capita incomes, highest 285
perception of global partnership 109
perceptions 4, 85, 95, 100, 109, 122, 124, 218–219, 276, 278, 281
functionalist 76
generic 291
mainstream 223
opposed 29
shallow 29
subjective 210
performance 30, 154, 168, 262, 300, 313, 348
performance of African governments 300
period
colonial 25–26, 202
extended five-year 247
record 148
perpetrating military assaults 123
perpetrator, actual 208
Perpetuating Poverty 278, 318, 321
persistent sabotage 86
persistent search 260
persistent search for new frontiers of assistance 260
personality cult 229
persons, young 165
perspective
conceptual 100, 334
development agency 132, 347
divergent 4, 210
global 26, 331
historical 22
regional 44, 132, 158, 233, 325
rights-based 61, 101, 346
theoretical 288, 332
women’s rights 42, 96, 352
youth 165
phenomenal flow of development assistance to Africa 98
philanthropic organisations 301
planned liberalism 228
platform 84, 102, 108, 182, 191, 297, 300
institutional 226
legitimate 216
political 40
unified 130
platform of self-determination 40
plunging depression 120
policies 109, 111, 140, 176–177, 233–234, 236–237, 243, 246–247, 263–264, 292–294, 305–306, 318–319, 325–326, 339–341, 347
appropriate 268, 291
common 128
continental 297, 302
controversial 121
decisive 298
fiscal 153
government’s 236
independent 297
national 188
progressive 228
resolute 308
revolutionary 236
robust 302
tailored 129, 298, 310
policies on development assistance 109
policy agenda 55, 273
policy alternatives 140, 285, 295, 348
policy choices 67, 248, 287, 290
relevant 296
policy decisions 129
policy dimensions 158, 225
policy direction 191, 226
policy formulation 89, 140
domestic 234, 240
independent 218, 237
orients 297
policy framework 141, 247, 256, 265, 273, 300
common 303
domestic 245
effective national development 140
enabling people-centred pro-poor 245
politicised 245
policy imperatives 294
relevant 292
policy implementation 248, 336
policy instruments 271
policy measures 17, 74, 264, 273, 292, 301
domestic 80
regulatory 215
policy mechanism 265
policy recommendations 6
eca 149
policy reforms 154, 158, 168, 217, 228, 234
policy space 129, 298, 310
policy statement 231
policy structure 265
policy tool 175, 258, 265, 267, 291
political action 246, 299, 309, 354
political ambitions 308
political choices 274
making 308
political conduct 144
political conscience 33
political development 35, 50, 53, 57–58, 78, 108, 135, 149, 160–161, 327, 333
political economy 101, 346
political elites 37
political function of development policy making 132
political independence 25, 34, 41, 47, 160, 216, 303
craved 34
nominal 35, 47, 174, 290
political issues 58, 103
political kingdom 34, 46
Political leaders 263, 353
political leadership 76, 78, 144, 149, 248, 261–263, 281, 307–308, 332
naive 260
strategic 307
political leadership and governance 78
political leadership in Africa 144, 307–308
political nature and indeterminate motives of development cooperation 86
Political Perspectives 97, 334
political pluralism 239
political processes 192
political rights 39, 56, 58–59, 103, 136, 143, 155, 161, 173, 183, 191
political rights guarantees 171
political solution 205
political status 140, 174, 264
Political theories 176
Political theories of development cooperation 84, 208, 352
political turmoil 231
politicised account 76
politics 33–34, 37, 81–82, 95, 210–211, 219–221, 257, 262, 316–318, 320, 323–324, 329, 331–336
domestic 79
global 5, 12, 79, 288
international 238, 320
mainstream 205
multiparty 168, 230, 349
multi-party 120, 228, 328
Politics in Francophone Africa 122, 130, 153, 228, 317
politics of development assistance 81
polities 27
functional 23
poor countries 76, 102, 115, 244, 276
heavily indebted 288
Poor domestic political organisation 238
poorest, ranked 235
popular participation 64, 71, 266, 269–270, 356
population groupings 223
populations
adult 28
country’s 223, 249
indigenous 157
large European settler 32
largest 249
local 26, 28
population size 202, 250
posit 189, 254
dependency theorists 233
positions
common 129
common policy 299
economic 43
privileged 113
recipient 117
structured 117
subordinate 74
positions of political leadership in Africa 308
post-2015 development agenda 129–130, 346, 350
Post-apartheid South Africa 225–227, 240, 270
Postcolonial constitutions 35, 323
post-colonial development 38, 336
post-colonial forces 42
post-colonial inequality 105
Post-continental interventions 11, 83, 336
post-independence difficulties 36, 235
post-independence model for development 228
post-independence strategy 37
poverty 25–26, 66, 76, 98, 106, 221–222, 225, 248–250, 270–271, 276, 286–288, 310, 313, 318, 321, 326–327, 345–346, 360–361
eradicating 67, 353
excruciating 130, 169, 250
extreme 50, 103, 249–250
global 50, 354, 365
perpetual 115
poverty and social inequality 106
poverty bracket 249
extreme 250
poverty-clock 249
poverty eradication 9, 68, 94, 109, 249, 288, 310, 339, 345, 349, 360
ancillary 247
poverty in developing countries 119, 327
poverty levels 244, 263
poverty reduction 89, 105, 321, 348
poverty reduction initiatives 176
poverty reduction programs 248, 337
poverty reduction strategy 248, 269, 341, 351
poverty situation 230
power 11, 37, 41, 52, 122–123, 220, 222, 231, 234–235, 238, 274
colonial 148, 229
economic 90
foreign 237
imperial 121
making 223
rising 100, 219, 337
western 92, 235
power dynamics 232
global 306
power imbalances 67, 101, 347
power matrix 4
power relations 94
asymmetrical 12
practical assurances of freedom 288
practical dimensions of development cooperation 86
practice examples, good 226
practices 23–24, 70, 72, 106–107, 110, 112, 125, 127, 137, 172–173, 175–176, 243–244, 313–316, 321–322, 324–326
administrative 190
conservative 51
corrupt 248, 332
cultural 199
customary 57
discriminatory 136, 164, 233
globalisation 284
imperialist 87
institutional 129
legal 77
oecd-dac 104
paternalistic 221
pragmatic concept 68, 111, 218
pragmatic option 282
pragmatism 12, 99, 154–155
complacent 12, 99, 154, 343
the pragmatist and the feminist 12, 99, 154, 341
pre-condition 190, 259
important 136
precondition for resource exploitation by foreign stakeholders 302
pre-eminence 112
premise 114
central 259
prerequisites 154, 167
prerogatives 104, 204
pressure 123
international 277
pretext 210, 282
Pretoria Declaration 59, 157, 358
prevailing patterns of development cooperation 5, 128
preventive measures 126
necessitating 280
price, heavy 223, 349
prices 119, 154
commodity 257
increasing 231
principle of self-determination 32, 112, 134
principles 39–40, 53, 58, 72–73, 76–77, 90–91, 95, 100–101, 107–108, 132–133, 136–138, 155–156, 162–164, 178–180, 187–188, 205–207, 210, 214, 319–320, 357–358
abstract 267, 273
applicable 184
characteristic 94
defining 94
democratic 268
established 126
foundational 286
standard 220
principles of political pluralism and statehood 239
principles of sovereign equality and self-determination of states 93, 175
priorities
alternative 109, 296
developmental 252
development governance model accords 297
dominant 92
first 224
international 139
low 116
people-centred 113
strategic 303
prioritise 6, 48, 58, 65–66, 85, 109, 130, 216, 219, 232, 292
priority development projects 144
priority measures 294, 299
priority recommendations 148, 345
privatisation 257–258, 330
privatised public enterprises 258
privilege 27, 103, 206, 234
privileged persons 106
pro-activeness 130
problem Africa, actual 213
problems
addressing contemporary 293
cultural 91
developmental 76
global 87, 107
historical 63
international 58, 95
legal 18–19, 251
perennial 12
recurrent 260
resolving 108
unsolvable 114
problem solving, global 100
Procedural Considerations 192
procedural measures, generous 192
procedure
formal 127
individual complaints 214, 340
processes, integrated 54, 75
processes of development cooperation 164
proclamations 33, 43–45, 47, 309, 357
production, commercial 24, 235
production function 304
productive capabilities 13, 79, 98, 148, 223, 265, 289, 302, 304
collective 307
human 243
local 302
profit maximisation 87
program development process 165
programme, appropriate 124
Programme of Activities 254, 358
programmes
strategic 247
youth 165–166
programmes implementation 97
progress 88, 93, 98, 109–111, 213, 215, 291, 297, 313, 316, 322
progress in developing countries 93
project
conservation 199
de-colonisation 290
economic integration 230, 328
infrastructural 27, 304
pragmatic 12
unfinished 12
virtuous 106
wildlife 201
proliferation 122, 146
weapons 124
Promises 199
promises of development assistance 111
Promoting Development 65
Promoting Progress 278, 318, 321
Promoting real reform in Africa 143, 322
promotion and protection of human rights 97, 171, 252, 354
property 12, 99, 154, 330, 343
economic 24
property ownership 57, 235
proponents of independence 46
proposition, normative 52
proprietary rights 223
prosperity 89, 98, 236, 239
prosperity and freedom 98
protecting human rights 73, 131, 179
protection 16, 18–19, 47, 49, 62, 124, 146–147, 160, 166–167, 181–185, 211, 216–217, 247, 282, 323
adequate 77, 185, 192, 195, 197
effective 184, 186, 209
guaranteed constitutional 241
international 19, 170, 334
missing 208
requisite 182
social 145
protection to developing countries 124
Protocol
additional 182, 185, 301, 304–305
special 304
provider, largest 278
Province 172, 355
provisional measures 203, 205–206
provision for development assistance 86, 139
provision for development cooperation 95
provision of aid by developed countries 96
provision of assistance 93
provision of development assistance 8, 85, 96, 103–104, 208, 212, 252, 256, 262, 277
provisions 53–54, 69–70, 74, 78, 95–97, 138–139, 160, 165–167, 169–171, 177–178, 181–182, 189, 192–193, 195–196, 200–203, 211–212, 226, 240, 244–246, 286–287
abstract 211
binding 38
complement 304
continuous 113
contravened 198
rights-proclaiming 170
statutory 154
treaty 127, 164, 289
provisions stipulate 177
psychological comfort 117
psychology of global inequality 11, 83, 327
public pronouncement, first 43
purpose
ancillary 112
common 90, 128
defined 149
developmental 96
economic 224
imperialistic 118
intended 87
purposive 16, 172, 240
pursuit of development cooperation 309
Qaddafi’s policies 236
Qaddafi’s reign 234
quality 143, 168, 236, 247, 316, 322, 348
quality of governance 266
quasi-judicial body 206
question, important 4, 98, 129, 188, 192
quota 256
races 26, 48
black 26
Racial Discrimination 51, 156, 254, 357
Racism 51, 156, 254, 357
racist articulations 70
raid, slave 24
ratification 127, 148, 150, 166–167, 169, 187–188, 247, 301, 355
achieved record 80
historic 148
subsequent 141
Ratification of African Union 127, 336
raw materials 92, 119, 154, 222
realisation, collective 301
realisation demands 74
Realisation of social and economic rights 213, 332
realism 125, 289, 354
reality
actual 86
global 215–216
recipient country performance 143
recipients, passive 75, 269
recipients of development assistance 89
reciprocal effect 107
reciprocity 93
recognition 8–9, 13, 18–19, 30, 32, 47–48, 55, 57, 59–60, 62, 64, 146, 149
additional doctrinaire 183
collective 271
constitutional 229, 244
implicit 171
mutual 21
subsequent 146
Recognition and Representation in Cameroon 229, 316
recommendations 15, 184, 214, 233, 249, 298–299, 334, 353
making 191
recommendations to governments 184
Reconstruction, socio-cultural 34
recourse to development cooperation 4, 13, 18, 50, 52, 219, 293
recovery strategy 120
rectification 286, 341
Redesigning cooperation 228, 340
redistribution 224
equitable 55, 140, 149, 236, 250, 263, 267, 279, 307
favoured fair 237
necessitated socialist 236
redress 39, 43, 76–77, 152–153, 155, 158, 160, 192–193, 196, 207–208, 250, 254, 298
appropriate 184, 190
necessitating 45
redressing 14, 16, 50, 108, 188, 217, 224, 260
redressing underdevelopment 20
redress violations 206
reduction 93, 235, 257, 316
re-examination, critical 33, 332
refocus development 308
reforms 184, 213, 318, 333, 340, 359
agricultural 258
constitutional 185
cultural 235
domestic legal 185
far-reaching 170, 342
institutional 144
political 146, 260
public sector 267
refusal 25, 213, 231
regard to cases 189
regime 183, 208, 217, 281, 366
free trade 42
legal 9
regime change 282
regime change in Libya 282
Regional Economic Communities 150, 325
regional integration 85, 131, 149–150, 359
Regional systems 186, 364
regression 59–60, 206, 239, 283, 285
regulating development practice 131
regulatory framework for mineral exploitation arrangements in Cameroon 222, 352
rehabilitation 205
reinforcing 109, 214, 272, 338
reinforcing disarmament efforts 123
rejecting dependency on development assistance 279
relations 53–54, 128, 132–133, 136, 216, 219, 226–227, 230, 234, 243, 291–292, 295–296, 300–301
colonial 12
friendly 32, 58, 77, 95, 173, 357
global economic 77
imperial 229
jeopardise 234
lopsided 233
relationship 98, 115, 189, 229, 261, 346
asymmetrical 101, 261
causal 111
complex 68
dependency-based 252
horizontal 105
lopsided donor/recipient 102
post-colonial 87
special 232, 365
relevance of good governance 259
reliance 15, 99, 141, 167, 276
reliance on development assistance 99
remedies to Africa’s development setbacks 10
remedy development injustices 87
remedy violations 178, 212
remodelling development 228
rent-seeking interests of foreign stakeholders 151
re-orientating 146
reparations 25, 198, 204–206, 254, 342
reparations nexus 254, 322
representation 118, 229, 274, 316
legal 193
repression on Libya 237
reputation 127, 147
requirement
conditionality 3
guidelines 271
legal 95
normative 131, 133, 294
resource availability 222
requirement of development cooperation 1, 4, 20
research 184, 260, 263, 298, 300
policy-oriented 299
sustained evidence-based 310
resentment 22, 238
ignited 28
reservation 286
expressed 50
reserves 153
mineral 278
national 153
resilience 45, 204, 222, 249, 316, 330
resilient imperial/colonial reason 70
resistance 11, 30, 157, 176, 220, 334
obdurate 260
resistance movements 28
resolute combination 307
Resolving Claims 133, 314
resonance 260, 273
resource ownership 223–224
natural 204
Resource Potential 276
resources 26–27, 67, 69, 79–81, 148, 154, 162, 168–169, 171, 219, 221–224, 232, 276–279, 289, 301
aquatic 222
basic 58, 73
communal 273
continent’s 256, 279, 302
country’s 24, 237, 258
fauna 278
human 38
left Africa’s precious 290
oil-rich 116
requisite 144, 276, 303
resources for development 223
respondent state 71, 233
responsibility 70, 73, 75, 112–114, 124, 180, 190, 208–209, 220, 282, 296, 298, 308, 338, 340
actual 112, 286
associated legal 155, 176
central 73
differentiated 42, 101, 174, 176, 219, 298, 310, 339, 347
direct 125
individual 125
interpretative 56
moral 75, 102, 307
primary 73, 126, 139, 177
right-bearer 147
shared 94, 128, 147, 151
state’s 126
responsibility convey, differentiated 310
responsibility of foreign stakeholders 180
The responsibility to protect and protection of civilians 124, 282, 351
responsiveness 53, 272
restitution 199, 201–202, 205–206, 273
restrained action 213
necessitating 60
restraints 10, 173, 212, 239
result of assistance 117
retarded development 218
retarded progress 15
retrenchments 257
massive 120
revolution 134–135, 146, 236, 238–239, 315
revolutionary form 11
Rhodesia 277, 319, 337, 348, 359
right balance 122
right direction 36
right holders 18, 111, 126, 134, 138, 190
individual 172
right judgment 269
right of participation and ownership 55
right of victims 207
rights 7–8, 18, 20–21, 42–45, 49, 51–52, 55–57, 59–60, 72–74, 137, 154–157, 159–163, 171–172, 186, 194–196, 213–214, 239–243, 297–298, 341–345, 365–367
substantive 57
Rights and economic growth 65, 349
rights and freedoms 45, 242
rights-based approaches 5, 65–66, 137, 141, 145–146, 286, 289, 330, 333, 349, 354
human 134, 190, 244, 326, 348, 359
rights-based approach to development cooperation 286
rights-based approach to economic growth 200
rights-based development 44, 257, 336
rights-based process 81, 305
rights of indigenous peoples 74, 136, 161, 203, 341, 359
rights of peoples 7, 89, 171, 314, 326, 344
Rights of Women in Africa 51, 57, 71, 96, 110, 132, 160, 163, 241–242, 358
rights protection 160
human 14, 167, 192, 340
rights provisions 194, 241
human 171, 209, 241, 342
socio-economic 172
rights to improved living standards 243, 245
rights to self-determination and freedom 283
right to development 3, 174, 321, 323, 351
the human 52, 94, 201, 255, 342
respect for 119, 368
the right to development and development cooperation 91
The right to development and gender 164, 361
Right to development and global governance 290, 341
the right to development and implementation 97, 334
The right to development and practical strategies 286, 360
The right to development and reparations nexus 254, 322
The right to development and state responsibility 70, 125, 283, 289, 353–354
right to development assistance 98, 113
the right to development for Africa 45
the right to development for women and girls 157
right to development governance for Africa 218–291, 339
right to development governance model accords priority 297
Right to Development Imperatives for Africa 295–311
right to development in Africa 1–2, 4–5, 9–10, 15–16, 52–55, 61–64, 80–87, 92–94, 96–98, 113–114, 128, 130–131, 150–152, 154–155, 174–176, 178–180, 212–213, 227, 283–284, 294–296
right to development in developing countries 3, 73, 212
the right to development in international law 3, 208, 314, 322, 328, 365
right to development paradigm for developing countries 42, 101, 174, 219, 310, 339
right to development policy framework 260
the Right to development to eliminate obstacles 113
right to economic growth 53, 55, 79
Right to Fair Trial 205, 207
right to participation 243
right to political development 78
right to self-determination 39–41, 68, 111, 136, 142, 173–174, 181, 216, 218, 233–234, 237
right to self-determination in Africa 216
right to sustainable development 74, 163–164, 243, 245, 327, 339
right to well-being and improved living standards 236
Rio Declaration 156, 359
Rising Africa 225, 313
risks 203, 257, 301
roadmap 265
ambitious 298
consolidated 15, 256
role
active 191
actual 147
central 73
complementary 97
government’s 247
institutional 227, 248
instrumental 143, 259, 279
multifunctional 133
primary 75, 209
standard-setting 299
strategic 191
subjugated 163
supportive 116
role of development assistance 97, 171, 252, 354
role of development cooperation 82, 112
role of nhri 190
ruin by foreign stakeholders 240
rule of law and good governance 166, 268
the rule of law as development 132, 324
Rule of Law for Development 245, 344
rules
global 307
military 247
procedural 163
rupture 74, 150, 261
Rural Development 233, 248, 319, 332
ruthless crackdown 123
sabotaged development efforts 154
sabotage theory 119
safeguard 155, 163, 177, 182, 214, 265, 270, 272, 287
safeguard measures 16, 181
sanctions 90, 121, 160, 278, 281, 337, 340, 364
sanctions on education and healthcare of Zimbabweans 121, 281, 340
sanctions removal 277, 350
sap 120–121, 257–259, 285
scepticism 68, 77, 149
schema, systematic 81
scholars 55, 66, 95, 97, 108, 120, 170, 212, 214, 253, 257
proponent 7
school enrolment 27
schools 28
missionary 32
scope 14, 128, 227, 251, 305, 310
continental 14
expanded 164
scrutiny, democratic 229
sector 224
corporate 301
security 8, 67, 90, 103, 132, 136–137
job 57
national 91
social 171, 240
segments, large 259
selection 137, 345
natural 290
partner country 115, 347
self-consciousness, critical 303
self-determination 15–16, 32–33, 39–41, 67–68, 70, 93–94, 111–112, 133–134, 153–154, 173–175, 216–218, 233–234, 256, 283, 292–296
actual 112, 173, 216, 240, 290–291, 295, 306
creating real 221
economic 34, 308
self-determination of peoples 39
self-government 34, 47
exercised 36
self-identification 200
self-identity 29
self-interests 106–107, 115, 219, 347
national 117
self-realisation 227
self-reliance 141, 228, 256
collective 105, 158
self-reliant efforts 15, 270
self-sufficiency 81, 301
self-sustainability 222
self-sustained development 278
Sengupta’s logic 201
sentimental attachment 202
sentiments 107, 234
anti-imperialist 235
growing populist anti-trade 149
separation 138, 263, 339
service functionaries, public 257
services 61, 147, 178, 210, 231
basic 120
cloak-and-dagger secret 130
public 80
setbacks 91, 221, 225, 256, 269, 287
forestall 280
internal 289
settlement 137
amicable 203, 205
Settler colonialism in Africa 32, 324
settler colonists 46
Settler Economies 32, 317, 324
shared strategic framework 144
Sharing responsibility 282, 295, 331
shift
decisive collective 306
progressive 14
radical 5, 65, 67, 141, 266, 290
revolutionary 10
shift development thinking 15
shipment of development assistance 256
shortcomings 104, 144, 208, 215
practical 113
shortcomings of nepad 144
Singer’s conception 99
Singer’s theorisation 155
situation 76, 93, 96, 98, 136–137, 203, 206, 221, 223, 229, 231, 251, 254
destabilised 33
prevailing 30
socio-economic 120
sizeable amount of assistance 106
skills 235, 302–303
much ignorance and few 28
technical 105
slaveholding, motivated 24
slave raiding 24
slave routes 23
slavery 18, 22–26, 32, 34, 43, 48, 72, 77, 118, 122, 254, 339, 363–364
slaves 23–25
slave trade 23–24, 33, 344, 353, 365
trans-Atlantic 24, 323
social and cultural rights in Africa 59, 157, 177, 295, 330, 358
Social and Economic Rights Action Centre 72, 177, 194, 220–221, 295, 297, 330, 355
Social and Political Development 135, 236, 315
social development 57, 140, 259, 264, 333, 342
social inequality 106
socialist 89
social justice 21, 71, 120, 158, 167, 193, 243, 349, 354
social justice in South Africa 193, 354
social life 203
Social Policy 180
social progress 40, 173, 267, 304, 349, 357
social rights 177, 191, 194, 208, 229, 242, 324, 330, 334, 348, 352
Social Rights Jurisprudence 242, 317, 324
social state principle 267
social structures 259
societies, advanced 274, 286
society 25, 134, 151, 161, 164, 180, 239, 289, 315–316, 323, 351
global 43
human 22
unequal post-apartheid 172
socio-cultural issues 103
socio-cultural life 174
socio-economic amenities 238, 285
socio-economic demands, increased 238
socio-economic development 120–121, 136, 142, 172, 320
socio-economic issues 103
Socio-economic problems 260, 346
socio-economic realities 296
socio-economic rights 62, 136, 138, 170–171, 258, 263, 322, 330, 339
socio-economic rights in South Africa 62, 138, 263, 316, 322, 339
Socio-economic rights litigation 193, 354
socio-economic rights obligations 242
socio-economic rights regime 246
socio-economic structures 136
socio-legal analysis 49, 137, 159, 295, 325
soft law nature 211
Soft Law Provisions 156
solicitation 4, 83, 125, 293–294, 310
solicitation for development assistance 83, 125, 293–294
solicitation of development assistance 310
solidarity 49, 63, 104, 108, 110, 114, 131, 161, 254
compulsory 130
sound 89, 93, 120, 257
sound development practice 147
sound logic 96
source 95, 115, 169, 202, 301, 303
agential 70
domestic 260
primary 24, 222
supplementary 3
South African Constitution 62, 172, 189, 192, 240–242, 270, 319, 322–323, 342
South African Human Rights Commission 172, 241, 319, 323
South Africa’s transition 47
south cooperation 100, 331–332
Southern Africa 11, 26, 41, 83, 124, 170, 251, 296, 330, 338, 343
Southern African Development Community 150
South-South actors 105
south-south cooperation 8, 90, 100, 104–107, 115
new era of 115, 366
South-South cooperation framework 115–116
South-South cooperation patterns 104, 111
South-South partnership for development 107
South-South relations 101, 217, 219, 346
South-South strategy 104
sovereign equality 39, 41, 58, 90–91, 93–94, 100, 105, 108, 111, 269, 275
sovereign equality and self-determination of states 93, 175
sovereign equality of African states to self-determination 111
sovereign obligation 74
sovereign ownership 40, 69, 79, 154, 216, 237
sovereign participants, new 43
sovereignty 70, 74, 108–109, 119, 124, 148, 153, 162, 167, 215, 221, 228
absolute 174
country’s 261
cultural 150, 251
judicial 36
national 213
permanent 40, 174, 350
space 100, 117, 138
special protection 203
granted 165
guaranteed 74
species, rare 222
specificity 164
spheres, theoretical 237
spiritual sites 201
sporadic access 199
sprawling tropical equatorial rainforest 222
stability
economic 288, 340
political 139
stagnation 120
economic 46
stakeholders 107–108, 204
primary 144
stakeholder structures 147
stalled progress 22, 262
standards
additional 286
better 57, 67, 264
competitive 307
double 42, 318
global 260
improved 154, 222, 310
legal 184
minimum 36
normative 61, 131
rights-based 137, 280
universal 154
standards for political conduct 144
standards for sustainable development 163
starting point for reshaping Africa’s development 141
starvation wages 27
state action, individual 291, 299
state and domestic law 181
state and foreign stakeholders 181
state apparatus 190
state body 214
state defaults 177
state duty 183, 361
state economy 201, 273
state efforts, individual 14
statehood 36, 130, 239
sovereign 233
statement
political 229
public 234
state organs 191
state-owned enterprises 120, 257
state parties 52–53, 73–74, 126, 135–137, 162–163, 165, 177–179, 182, 187–188, 193, 209, 215, 263, 275, 282–283
effect obligates 85
enjoin 212
monitors 184
obligates 14, 73, 143
state policy 170–171, 246, 331
national objectives and directive principles of 97, 170, 246
state power 272
state resources 263
state responsibility 75, 88, 125, 196, 283, 289, 330, 345, 353–354
states
autonomous 14
decolonised 35
donor 93, 114
emerging 36
external 8
failed 124, 238, 363
fragile developing 41
independent 33, 36
partner 75
recipient 93
respective 88, 158
sovereign 39, 221, 232, 275
states and non-state actors 212
states governments 142, 146, 181, 227, 264, 302, 305–308, 310
states obligations 183
state sovereignty 58
individual 224
limiting 210
states ruling 234
statutory recognition 228
official 48
story, economic success 230
Strategic aid 106, 346
strategies
good 276
joint 301
potential 193, 354
short-term 92
stratification 116
strengthen 109, 144, 189
no strings attached 261, 363
structural adjustment policies 52, 143, 258, 285, 364
structural adjustment programmes 120, 141, 257–259, 333–334, 342, 349–350
effects of 285, 345
structural adjustment strategies 120
structural transformation 17, 147, 224, 265, 295, 297, 304
accelerated 158
structure and human agency 134
struggles for self-determination 21
stubborn loyalty 235
subjective concept 54
subject of development cooperation 4
subjects 4, 9, 14, 39, 41, 47, 63–64, 168, 175, 180, 262, 264
central 78, 288
subjugation 30, 59, 74, 81, 133, 136, 232–234, 292–293
alien 39–40
colonial 31
socio-economic 44
subjugation accord 150
subjugation laws 26
subordinates 278
perpetual 101
subordination 153, 216, 292
Sub-Saharan Africa 98, 130, 229–230, 338, 350, 352
subservience 98
continuous 118
subservient 122
subsistence 101, 208, 319
substance 109, 310
substantiation 82, 200
substitute 271
home-grown 291
substitute model 310
substitute to development cooperation 271
success of international trade 24
superior purpose 303
definitive 303
supply workforce 23
support 92, 96, 103, 105, 128, 142, 157, 219, 231–232, 359
financial 104
foreign 141
indirect 116
pledging unflinching 231
spontaneous popular 235
supportive inclusiveness 64
support mechanism 112
supremacy, global 117
survival 11, 45, 202, 234, 249
political 121, 231, 350
sustainability 113, 118, 254, 333
environmental 103
sustainable development 14–15, 17, 72, 74, 128, 131, 156, 158, 163–165, 243–245, 304, 307, 318, 357, 359–361
people-centred 268
sustainable development and participation in national development 245
Sustainable Development Goals 51, 76, 95, 103, 108, 112, 190–191, 219, 286, 348, 351
sustainable development in Africa 15, 307, 331, 248, 332
sustain impoverishment 248
sustain independence and development 34
sustain support 88
swept 146
liberation struggles 28
systematic transfer of aid to developing countries 286
systemic attack 29
systemic barriers 79
systems 35, 41, 44, 54, 66–67, 79, 83, 130, 266, 272, 298
alternative 32
apartheid 271
belief 57
colonial 27, 30
established functional indigenous 199
export 27
financial 176
functional 144
innovation 266
integrated 265
international 100, 116
legal 132, 170, 185
monist 188
parliamentary 35
political 176, 309
regional human rights 54, 186
unproductive global 72
systems problem 298, 339
take other measures 138, 339
taming 248, 332
target, primary 281
taxes 27, 231
technical assistance 92
specialised 8
technology transfer 302
teleological reasoning 303
tenure, customary 199
terms
actual 100, 204
business 237
concrete 33, 201, 303
legal 44–45, 65
neo-liberal 55
territorial limitation 209
territorial possessions 229
theorisation 279
theory 3, 11–13, 83–84, 115, 117, 154, 159, 314–315, 326–327, 342–343, 346, 351–352, 354
prevailing 297
The liberation struggles 30
thinking 11–12, 68, 83, 146, 290, 306, 308, 336
critical 75
decolonial 4, 11, 13, 47, 83, 261, 333
political 308
third-party effect 195
Third World 44, 88, 113, 117–118, 219, 225, 314, 316, 323–324
Third World Aspirations 41
thought leadership 307, 333
threats 52, 133, 137, 192, 206, 211, 213, 249, 264, 278, 284
perceived 60
potential 182
real 121, 231
time immemorial 198–199, 278
tool, ineffective 211
tourism industry 199
trade 24, 42, 72, 92, 149, 222, 277, 318, 320, 329, 361
export 119
informal cross-border 149
intra-African 148
trade agreements 80, 176
trade boom 120
trade liberalisation 149, 257–258
trade negotiations 149
trade rules, free 42
Traditional forms of development cooperation 128
tragedy 162, 343
creating 290
Transactional and transformative leadership 262, 339
trans-Atlantic routes 23
transfer 302–303, 320
systematic 286
transformation 135, 144, 227, 265, 269–270, 273, 292, 298–299, 304, 308, 356
broad-based 307
cultural 234, 305
economic 119
engineering 225
facilitated 242
fundamental 290
radical 12, 241, 256, 268, 339, 343
social 268
transformation agenda 256
transformation and sustainable development 292
transformation of development cooperation 100, 334
transformative constitutionalism 12, 46, 241, 270, 335, 341–343
transformative leadership in Africa 261–262, 336, 354
transformative model 17, 298
alternative 296
Transgression 188, 212, 281, 339
transition 268, 270
post-apartheid 240
transition to sustainable development 268
Transmodernity 11, 83, 333, 336–337
treaties 122, 127, 133, 148–150, 154, 175, 181, 209, 212, 322, 327, 356, 359
ancillary 52
continental 147
international 209, 329
regional 53, 189, 191
relevant 53, 133
treaty enforcement mechanisms 212
treaty instruments 51, 61, 132–133, 211, 220, 227, 305
ancillary 110, 257
regional 51
treaty obligations 60, 142, 183, 188, 197, 233, 240, 328
treaty ratification 127, 246
Tribal Peoples 57
tribunal 188, 214
international 188
Trilateral development cooperation 106, 352
turnaround, radical 18
ultimate realisation 91
ultimate test 185
un-African savour 308
uncontrollable behaviour 133
uncoupling, radical 251
underdevelopment 6, 22–23, 56, 115, 130, 137, 239, 254, 315
underdevelopment
everlasting 118
socio-economic 47
underpinnings, theoretical 13, 16
understanding of decoloniality 12
undp 102, 223, 232, 236, 244, 277, 348, 361, 367
uneca 148, 361
unforgettable historical processes 22
unified strategy 107
uniform declaration of independence 47
unique model for development 236
United Nations Development Programme 223, 236, 279, 320, 352, 361, 367
United Nations Millennium Declaration Resolution A/55/L, 276, 359
United States. See US
unity 131, 306
linguistic 200
Universal Declaration 19, 21, 32, 79, 145, 180, 187, 288, 295, 359
universality 11, 59, 136, 156, 344–345
universal standards of performance and regulatory functions 154
unjustified basis 25
unorthodox reflections 174, 321
unregulated development 224
unsustainable levels 262
unsustainable relationships 67
upliftment, sustained 141
uprisings, popular 230–231
US (United States) 6, 88, 113, 118–119, 121, 123, 156, 277, 281, 323–324, 366, 368
values of solidarity and community 63
value systems, cultural 304
Very Poor 67, 286, 318
victims 181, 184, 189, 193, 198, 205, 207–208, 215, 283, 338
violated 205
Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 3, 95, 156, 359
viewpoint, neo-liberalistic 303
violation 60–61, 77, 177–178, 180–184, 186, 188–190, 192–198, 203–210, 212, 232–233, 246–247, 271–273, 282–286, 292, 297
actual 182, 206, 211, 264
alleged 193–194, 198
flagrant 139
gross 22
massive 196, 202
redressing 186, 286
victims of 181, 190, 192
vision 233, 241, 298
common 141
noble 145
pan-African 144
transformative 145, 307
vision of sustainable development 164, 361
vulnerability 105, 203
continent’s 102
vulnerable segments 149
wanton 162, 302
war 213
civil 124
under-reported first world 169, 222, 346
wave of independence 46
weaknesses 34, 46, 107, 278
political 235
wealth 69, 106, 148, 195, 197–198, 236, 239, 268, 278, 358, 363
continent’s 26
country’s 135, 168, 232, 236
immeasurable 76
national 154, 240
redistribute Africa’s 162
resource 249
welfare 96, 104, 168, 201, 254, 273, 303
equality of 72
global 76
social 27
wellbeing 56, 64, 207, 275, 283
collective 31
improved 161, 248, 264
measuring children’s 353
western capitalist societies 24
withdrawal of development assistance 281
women 23, 51–52, 56–57, 59, 74, 157, 160, 163–164, 168, 171, 238, 241–242, 358, 361
Women and sustainable development 163, 365
women in Africa 163, 366
women’s rights 42, 96, 164, 285, 352
World Bank 4, 87–88, 118–121, 186, 257–261, 285, 288, 313–317, 319–320, 347–349, 351, 361–362, 367
World Bank invention 257
world economy on developing countries 118, 324
world order 289
new 25
structured 288
world politics 91, 328
world poverty and human rights 289
World Trade Organisation 42
wrongs, historical 254
Xenophobia 51, 357
youth empowerment 165
youth organisations 165–166
youths 51, 165–166
youths of Africa 51, 165–166
Zambia 26, 33, 35, 141, 358
Zimbabwe 25–26, 121–122, 170–171, 281, 317–318, 320, 324, 334, 336, 338, 346, 348, 350, 364
Zimbabwe sanctions 122, 281, 330
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Series:  Studies in Critical Social Sciences, Volume: 201/11 and  New Scholarship in Political Economy, Volume: 201/11
Cover The Right to Development in Africa
E-Book ISBN:
9789004467903
Publisher:
Brill
Print Publication Date:
12 Oct 2021

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