Author:
Mariam Rosser-Owen
Search for other papers by Mariam Rosser-Owen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Open Access

Index

ʿAbbādids 87, 304–305, 384–385, 394, 397
Abbasids 23, 28, 34, 37, 40–41, 54, 58, 61–62, 81, 83–84, 86, 91–92, 103–104, 141, 156, 184, 193–194, 199, 229, 247–249, 275, 299, 301, 321, 352, 363, 366, 368, 373
banners 366, 368, 373
Abbot Desiderius (Pope Victor III) 225
ʿAbda, wife of al-Manṣūr 16, 37, 65–67, 71
ʿAbd Allāh, Andalusi amir (r. 888–912) 8, 17, 22, 66, 198, 304
ʿAbd Allāh al-Marwānī, grandson of al-Ḥakam I, Andalusi amir 22
ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Manṣūr 22, 69
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III 21
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ‘Sanchuelo’ 55, 313, 317, 385
ʿAbd al-Malik, Umayyad caliph 199, 202
ʿAbd al-Malik ibn al-Manṣūr, al-Muẓaffar 12, 31, 37, 39–40, 47, 51–55, 67–68, 70–71, 77–79, 86, 89, 100, 104–105, 113, 120, 134, 136, 191, 209, 219, 221–222, 236, 244, 248, 259, 267, 274–276, 280, 282, 284–285, 288–289, 293–294, 296–297, 299–302, 304, 306–309, 313, 317–318, 321, 323, 327, 329–331, 338, 342–346, 353, 358, 361, 372, 379–380, 384–385, 387
ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Mundhir 194
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān I, Andalusi amir (r. 756–88) 8, 17, 142, 146, 152, 160, 166, 302, 352, 369
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān II, Andalusi amir (r. 822–52) 8, 125, 143, 146, 161, 166–167, 210, 227
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III, ‘al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh’, Andalusi caliph (r. 912–961) 3–4, 8–9, 11–12, 14, 16–19, 21–22, 24, 26–31, 33–34, 36–38, 40–42, 54–56, 58–62, 64–69, 78, 88, 90, 97, 99, 101, 103–104, 111, 115, 117–118, 121, 132, 136, 141, 143–144, 147, 153, 156, 160, 194–195, 198, 202–204, 210–213, 215, 217–218, 224, 229–230, 232–233, 238–243, 249–250, 270, 272, 280, 302–304, 308, 329, 349, 351–352, 355, 357–358, 363, 369–371, 376, 378–379, 395
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam II 17, 48, 206, 208, 371
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Manṣūr, ‘Sanchuelo’ 51, 54–55, 65–66, 71, 255, 309, 384
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿUbayd Allāh 34
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Tujībi 22
Abū’l-ʿAbbās al-Baghdādī 246
Abū ʿAbd Allāh, son of Muḥammad III, Nasrid sultan 330
Abū ʿAlī al-Qālī al-Baghdādī 91
Abū ʿĀmir Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik al-Muẓaffar 86, 99, 385
Abū’l-Bahār ibn Zīrī ibn Manād al-Ṣanhājī 45, 73–74, 77, 82
Abū Bakr ibn Ḥabbūs 77
Abū’l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī 214, 376
Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥijārī 48, 381
Abū Nūwās 89
Abū al-Qāsim ibn ʿAbbād 305, 384
Abū al-Qāsim Khalaf ibn Yaḥyā ibn Khaṭṭāb al-Zāhid 107
Abū al-Qāsim al-Zahrāwī (Abulcasis) 92, 243
Abū Tammām 81
Abū Thābit 235–236
Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf, Almohad caliph 111
Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf, Marinid sultan 235–237, 335
Abū Yazīd 120
adʿiya (blessings) 200, 217, 245, 253, 262–264, 267–268, 273, 288, 312, 342, 359, 377–378, 380
Aghlabids 28, 105, 240, 275
Aḥmad ibn Faris 92
Aḥmad ibn Ḥazm 7, 46, 83, 98
Aḥmad ibn Yūnis 243
ʿAʾisha bint Aḥmad 90
Ajdābiya 275, 393
alabaster 127, 233, 319–320, 393
Alamiriya see al-Madīnat al-Zāhira
Alcáçer do Sal 39, 50, 118
Alfonso V of León 67, 70, 77–78
Alfonso VI of Castile 388
Alfonso VIII of Castile 366
Alfonso X of Castile 119
Alfonso XI of Castile 144
Algeciras 14, 117, 384
Algeria 74, 235, 241, 393
Alhambra 104, 122–123, 157, 224, 276, 294–296, 329–333, 336, 338, 340
Alhándega (al-Khandaq), Battle of 12, 14, 38, 351–352
ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 369
ʿAlī ibn Ḥammūd 56, 365
ʿAlī ibn Mujāhid, Taifa ruler of Denia 394
ʿAlī ibn Yūsuf ibn Tashfīn, Almoravid ruler 274, 306
Aljafería (Zaragoza) 85, 87, 136, 138, 388–389, 393
Almadén de la Plata (prov. Seville) 233
Almanzor see al-Manṣūr
Almería 28, 86, 117, 219, 304–306, 384
Almohads 50, 107, 111, 144, 156–157, 273, 275–276, 304, 335, 366
Almoravids 27, 42, 274, 276, 304, 306–309, 327, 335, 393
Alodia, Christian martyr 79, 282 Pamplona casket
aloeswood see wood: types
Amador de los Ríos, Rodrigo 197, 199–200, 333
ambergris 103, 214, 238, 243, 247, 266
Ambrosio de Morales 233
ʿĀmirids
court (shūra) 2, 7, 11–12, 41, 55, 57–93, 131, 265, 348, 354, 382, 386, 394–395
cultural patronage 2, 4–5, 7, 9–13, 25, 32, 34, 38, 50, 57, 75, 77, 79–81, 85, 91, 107, 118, 121, 123, 125, 134, 136, 138, 157, 160, 206, 209–210, 217–218, 220, 222–223, 230, 239, 245, 249–250, 262–263, 265, 270–348, 353–354, 362, 377, 381, 383, 386, 394–395
dynastic emblem 125, 138, 250, 262, 280, 282, 288, 293, 302, 334, 344, 355, 358, 361, 372–373, 377, 380–381, 383, 387
as mujāhidūn 10, 52, 54, 88, 113, 121, 265, 351, 355, 361–363, 372, 377, 381, 383
self-expression 7, 88, 113, 125, 191, 209–210, 222, 262, 271, 285, 342, 346–383
individual rulers
Andalusiyyīn minbar 40, 43, 149–150, 204, 273–275, 284, 306–308
animal combat (motif) 69, 125, 136, 252, 276, 285, 288, 294, 296, 315, 317, 323, 328, 334–335, 344, 348–349, 358, 362–363, 376, 381, 387
anonymous objects (with unnamed patrons) 12, 241, 262–265, 296, 317–329
antelope (motif) 300, 344, 354
Antioch 208
apostasy 35, 190, 199
aqueducts 156–157, 349, 356–357
archaeology 17, 39, 94–97, 105, 111–112, 115, 122, 139, 156–157, 160–161, 226, 240, 247, 259, 388, 394
arches 87, 102–103, 123, 131–132, 136, 141–144, 146, 154, 156, 159–163, 166–167, 170–171, 173, 184, 186, 193, 203, 218, 237–238, 251, 256, 260, 275, 282, 289, 296, 330, 357, 360, 389–391
horseshoe 103, 142, 144, 156, 160, 163, 166, 169, 170–171, 173, 184, 200, 282, 296, 311, 390
lobed 144, 159–161, 163, 166–167, 169–171, 173, 182, 184, 186–188, 205, 215, 219, 256, 260, 275, 280–282, 296, 333, 360, 393
pointed 156, 161–162, 184, 186, 205
three arch motif 131, 169, 237, 251, 280–282, 389
voussoirs 162, 171, 187, 192, 256, 260, 280–281
ʿArīb ibn Saʿd (Recemundo) 59, 232
Armilāṭ (Guadamellato), Mozarabic monastery 113
arms and armour 40, 62, 65, 71–73, 77, 88, 104, 109–110, 112, 213, 246, 250, 267–269
arrows 213, 246, 250
bronze discs 109, 246
bows 75, 103, 213, 232, 246
chainmail tunic (ghilāla) 109
Dār al-ʿUdda 213–214
al-ḥarrāniyya 110
hauberk (badan) 109–110
Khizānat al-Silāḥ 109–110, 213, 246
kūfī 110
parade armour 110, 366
al-ṣaqlabiyya 110
shields 71, 75, 88, 213, 221, 246, 297, 299, 312, 316
swords 37, 40, 62, 249–250, 269, 299, 353
‘Sayf al-Dawla (title)’ tents
army 12, 23, 25–26, 29–30, 36, 38–39, 42–43, 50, 63, 72, 77, 110, 113–114, 116–117, 139, 150, 191, 210, 213, 232, 268, 270, 280, 282, 304, 348, 351–352, 354–355, 364–366, 368–369, 372, 383, 395
ʿĀmirid reforms 38–39, 115–116
military processions (burūz) 58, 60, 70, 72, 110, 113, 246, 364–366, 368–371, 373,
mustering see Faḥṣ al-Surādiq
‘Ashmolean’ pyxis and lid 241, 244, 272, 299, 309–313, 315, 318, 328, 343–344, 377, 379–381
Asilah minbar 43
al-Aṣīlī, ʿAbd Allāh 35
al-ʿĀṣimī 84
Asmāʾ, wife of al-Manṣūr 37, 54, 65, 99, 116
ʿAṣqalāja, ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd Allāh 43, 109, 274
astrology 34, 92
Atlantic 43, 74, 241
Aulus Caecina Tacitus, governor of Baetica 235–236, 335
al-ʿAzīz, Fatimid caliph 121
Bāb al-Mardūm Mosque, Toledo 154, 222
Badajoz 349, 384
Bādīs ibn Ḥabbūs al-Ṣanhājī 104, 273, 276, 293–294, 296, 329–333, 338, 342, 344–345
Bādīs ibn Manṣūr 52
Badr (craftsman of Girona casket) 149, 224, 230–231
Badr ibn Aḥmad 8, 40
Baetica 236, 335
Baeza 219, 385
Baghdad 23, 51, 84, 86, 105, 238
Balaguer, Castell Formós 385, 392–393
Balearic Islands 24, 248, 384–386, 394
banners 29, 36, 70, 113, 121, 191, 238, 249–250, 280, 347–348, 358, 364–373, 377, 380
al-ʿAlam 191, 365
ceremony of knotting the banners 36, 121, 191, 365, 372
figurative decoration 70, 249–250, 280, 351, 358, 364–365, 369–373
in diplomatic gifts 29, 249–250, 370–372
Pendón de las Navas de Tolosa 366
al-Shaṭranj 191, 365–366
al-ʿUqāb 368–369
al-ʿUqda 191, 365
windsocks 366, 369, 371
eagles
Banū ʿAbd al-Raʿuf 16
Banū Abī ʿAbda 16
Banū Bartal 14, 65
Banū Birzāl 365
Banū Dhū’l-Nūn 241, 272, 355, 378, 386–387, 393 al-Maʾmūn ibn Dhū’l-Nūn
Banū Futays 16
Banū Gómez 70
Banū Ḥayyān 108
Banū Hammūd 92
Banū Ḥazm 83, 99, 108
Banū Hūd 384, 389, 393
Banū Ḥudayr see Ibn Ḥudayr
Banū Khazar 42
Banū Maʿāfir 14, 38, 353
Banū Midrār, also Midrārids 28, 240
Banū Qaḥṭān 14, 55
Banū Qasī 66
Banū Quraysh 16, 21, 23, 35, 47, 55, 352, 369
Banū Shuhayd 16, 83, 99, 108
Barcelona 2, 82–83, 118, 246
Bargello, ivory casket 241, 244, 264, 322–323, 343
bāṭinism 33, 195–196 Ismailism
bayʿa 17, 19, 23, 49–50, 190 Hishām II
bells 50–51, 141, 247
Berber 9–10, 16, 22, 24–25, 27–30, 38–39, 45–46, 52, 55–58, 62–64, 70, 72–74, 77, 83, 92, 112, 139, 150, 219, 238–240, 242, 246, 249–250, 270, 274, 313, 349, 351, 370, 372, 385, 395
Bermudo II of León 50, 67–68
Bilād al-Shām 142, 226
Bilād al-Sudān 42
birds (motif) 77, 89–90, 127, 129, 132, 146, 223, 228, 259, 267–268, 272, 280, 282, 288–289, 293–294, 296, 300–301, 305–306, 315, 321, 323, 327–328, 333, 335–336, 340–341, 345, 348, 354, 362–364, 371, 373, 387, 389, 391–392 eagles, falcons
Bobastro 17, 198, 370 Ibn Ḥafṣūn, ʿUmar
Book of Gifts and Rarities 206, 368
books 3–4, 11, 32–35, 81, 83, 90–92, 101, 195, 204, 210, 214, 248, 317, 329, 360–361, 375–376
burning 3–4, 33–35, 195
libraries 3–7, 16, 32–36, 84, 91, 139, 197, 202, 204, 214, 248, 265, 376, 386
manuscripts 18, 32, 75, 92, 134, 194, 214, 248, 316, 329, 366, 375–376
production 9, 32, 44, 210, 248
al-Ḥakam’s library
booty 27, 38, 41, 50–51, 92, 117, 267, 270, 383, 388
Borrell II, Count of Barcelona 82
Braga pyxis 67, 70, 77–78, 87, 102, 217, 219, 222, 224, 240–242, 244, 265, 289, 296, 311, 343, 345, 360, 380, 385, 387
brass 210, 245, 318
brick 162–163, 169, 171, 173
bridge construction 117–119, 139, 149, 222–223, 273
bronze 51, 64, 103, 109, 209, 225, 230–231, 233, 244–246, 333
Buixcarró rosa (raw material) 313, 317, 393
Buluqqīn ibn Zīrī 42–44, 52, 273
Burgos 79, 224, 242, 269, 302, 320
burūz see army
Buyids 3, 41, 54, 344, 349
Byzantium, also Byzantine Empire 10–12, 27, 51, 57–58, 60, 64–65, 67–68, 88, 99, 105, 142, 146–147, 161–162, 208–209, 213–214, 220, 236, 242, 249, 260, 267, 300–301, 349, 357, 363–364, 369, 372
embassies to Cordoba 10, 11, 27, 57–58, 60, 64–65, 67–68, 88, 105, 142, 146, 209, 213–214, 249, 349, 363
Cáceres cistern 156
Cairo, also Fusṭāṭ 29, 120–121, 186, 190, 204, 275, 366, 371, 392
Calatrava 219, 384–385
Calendar of Cordoba 211, 232
camels 48, 74, 104
camels (motif) 326, 336
camphor 103, 243
Cantigas de Santa María 366
carpets 25, 59, 104, 267, 363
Carrión de los Condes 70
Carthage 127, 232
Castile 22, 26, 54, 57, 66–70, 78–79, 82–83, 144, 152, 267–268, 270, 293, 304, 317, 352, 355, 366
Cataluña 78
cavalry 8, 28, 39, 50, 112, 217, 355, 364, 368
ṣāḥib al-khayl 213, 217–218, 253, 256, 260
horses
ceramics 211, 219, 230–231, 245, 247, 259, 303, 318, 394
China 247
green-and-brown ware 231, 245, 247, 303, 318
lustre (ʿAbbādid) 394
lustre (Abbasid) 247, 366
lustre (Fatimid) 247, 280, 312, 316, 371
potters 211, 231, 247, 394
potters’ quarter, Cordoba 211–212, 230, 247
tiles 103, 212, 247
tin-glaze 247, 318
Cercadilla 109–110, 246, 259
Ceuta 28, 30, 45, 118, 240, 365, 384
Charlemagne 229
cheetahs (motif) 299–300, 312, 344, 348
chess 241, 366
China 243, 247, 392
Christians 1, 4, 7, 10–12, 14, 16, 22, 26–27, 29–30, 32, 36, 38–39, 46, 50–51, 57–59, 61, 64–72, 77, 79, 82, 101–102, 132, 134, 139, 141–142, 148, 150, 152, 158, 161, 163, 186–187, 191, 193–194, 199–200, 202, 209, 241–242, 244, 249, 265–266, 268–270, 282, 293, 301, 303–304, 312, 328–329, 345, 351, 354–355, 364, 373, 379, 381, 388, 393–395
church treasuries 19, 143, 208, 244–245, 269, 289, 297
cisterns 97, 152, 154, 156–157, 192, 357, 383
Clunia (León) 54, 70, 82, 293, 297, 304
cochinille 232
cockerels (motif) 312, 344, 392
cock-fighting (motif) 316
coinage (sikka) 6, 9, 27–32, 42, 50, 52, 62, 67, 77, 97, 105, 108, 202, 207, 213, 222, 240, 245, 267, 269, 303, 349, 384–385
aṣḥāb al-sikka 9, 15, 29–31, 52, 108, 207, 270
dinars 28, 30, 67, 77, 105, 202, 214, 227, 239–240, 245, 303, 376
struck by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III 28, 202, 213, 239–240, 303
struck by Fatimids 28, 240
Jaʿfarī dinars 9
dirhams 28, 31, 52, 77, 105, 202, 246
hoards 96, 108, 245–246, 269
gold; mint
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus 60, 64
Constantinople 64–65, 99, 146, 209
Cordoba 4–6, 9–10, 14, 16–17, 22, 24, 26–27, 30–32, 34–39, 41–46, 48–53, 55–56, 58–64, 66–75, 77, 79–80, 84, 86, 92, 94–100, 102–111, 113–116, 120, 125, 127, 129–130, 132, 144, 147, 150, 167, 187, 190, 192, 198, 205, 207–214, 217, 226, 230, 232–233, 237, 241–244, 246–249, 251–253, 255–255, 258–260, 263, 265–267, 270, 274–275, 281–282, 304–305, 307–309, 329–330, 333–334, 338, 345, 349, 355–360, 363–366, 370, 373, 382, 385–388, 393
Bāb al-ʿAdl 198
Bāb al-ʿAṭṭārīn 210–211, 214
Bāb Ishbīliya 120, 210, 214
Bāb al-Masjid (Gate of the Mosque)
Bāb al-Qanṭara 120
Bāb al-Shikāl 114
Bāb al-Ṣināʿa 210
Bāb al-Sudda 120, 198
Bāb al-Ṣūra 120
Bāb al-Yahūd 211, 259
Barīd 213, 256
Dār al-Ṣadaqa 198
Dār al-Zawāmil 213
Great Mosque see Mosque of Cordoba
madina 38, 212–214, 230, 243, 259
Souk 210
Plan Parcial Huerta de Santa Isabel Oeste 112
Plan Parcial de RENFE 259
Rabaḍ al-ʿAṭṭārīn (perfumiers’ quarter) 243
al-Ruṣāfa 38, 112, 116, 222, 255
Sharqiyya suburb 98, 114, 211
Umayyad palace (qaṣr) 18, 22, 34–35, 47–48, 59, 102, 108, 111, 114–115, 120, 143, 153, 157, 191, 198, 209–210, 214, 237–238, 280, 282, 388
Cordoban elite 8, 11, 16, 55, 57, 69, 81–82, 86, 89, 93, 214, 219, 262–264, 316–317, 343, 348, 377, 381, 383
Corduba 236
cosmetics see perfumes
cosmetics box, Burgos 224, 242, 320
court ceremonial 6–7, 11, 17–18, 27, 38, 48, 57–62, 69, 72–73, 81, 83, 85–86, 89, 91, 101–102, 113, 121, 138, 141, 143, 147, 182, 191–192, 199, 204–205, 270, 299, 354, 366, 368, 395 diplomacy
courtliness 90, 362
craftsmen 77, 108, 123, 125, 132, 134, 138, 152, 209, 212, 217, 220–227, 229–231, 238, 240–243, 246, 263, 265, 271, 273–274, 278, 280, 288–289, 296–297, 305, 308–309, 321, 328–329, 331, 333, 341–345, 386–388 Dār al-Ṣināʿa
Crete 60
Cuenca 223, 241, 293, 345, 386–387
cyma (impost block) 132, 162, 251–253, 255–256, 259–260, 262, 280, 300, 322
al-Ḍabbī 100
al-Ḍalfāʾ see Asmāʾ
Damascus 43, 142, 146, 193, 197, 211, 238
Dār al-Ṣināʿa 12, 64, 77, 108, 123, 132, 138, 152, 206–271, 273, 282, 288–289, 296, 308–309, 318, 321–322, 333, 342, 347, 380, 386–388
Dār al-Ṭirāz 77, 108, 115, 210–213, 215, 219, 232, 242, 247, 267, 305 ṭirāz
David Collection ivory pyxis 241, 311, 349, 386
deer 125, 221, 223, 232–233, 243, 278, 288, 315, 331, 333–335, 349, 351, 354 gazelles
Denia 83, 136, 384–385, 394
dikka 188, 190
diplomacy 11–12, 16, 22, 27, 30, 41, 46, 56–79, 81, 242, 265, 267, 282, 289, 304, 363, 369–370, 395
diplomatic gifts 62–67, 70, 74, 77–79, 104–105, 210, 238–242, 249, 265, 289, 328, 370, 388 khilʿa
Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica 32, 92, 214
Dīwān al-Inshāʾ (Chancery) 8, 84, 86, 108, 224, 232, 263
Doha casket 223, 241, 244, 260, 263–264, 272, 297, 300, 312, 318–323, 343, 345, 380, 387
Dome of the Rock 146–147, 193, 197, 199
domes 103, 136, 141, 143–144, 146–147, 159, 182, 184, 187–188, 194, 196, 198, 208, 246, 274, 281, 289, 296
dragons (motif) 64, 351, 365, 373
ducks (motif) 88, 123, 125, 268, 276, 278, 296, 330, 333, 335–336, 338, 340, 343–344, 373, 375–377
Durrī al-Saghīr 62, 132, 214, 218–219, 259, 262 Munyat al-Rummāniyya
dyes 232, 297, 346
eagles (motif) 64, 70, 88, 127, 220, 224, 238, 250, 252, 259, 276, 278, 280, 288, 293, 299, 306, 317, 327, 331, 333–335, 344, 347–348, 351, 354, 362–365, 368–373, 377, 380–381, 383
in poetic imagery 354, 364–365, 369
on textiles 220, 344, 363
Roman Imperial symbol 238, 363–364
Umayyad banners 70, 238, 250, 280, 348, 351, 365, 369–371, 373, 377, 380
Egypt 28–29, 42, 92, 161, 188, 213, 226, 228, 247, 275, 301, 312–313, 316, 318, 344, 356, 379, 392, 394
elephants 64, 75, 127, 228–229, 240–242, 284, 316, 321 ivory
Elvira (Madīnat Ilbira) 24, 59, 232, 303, 330
Elvira of León 22
embroidery 62, 78–79, 101, 213, 215, 249, 297, 299–306, 328, 368, 370–371, 384, 392 textiles; silk
epigraphy 2, 6, 8, 10–12, 19, 31, 34, 40–41, 43, 77, 88, 97, 104, 109–110, 112, 118–121, 134, 147–150, 153, 158, 160, 163, 171, 173, 186–205, 208–209, 213–215, 217–222, 224–225, 228, 232–233, 235–236, 243, 245, 250–251, 253, 255–256, 259, 260, 262–268, 271–276, 280, 282, 284–285, 288–289, 293–294, 296–297, 299–301, 304–309, 311–313, 317–318, 320–323, 327, 329–331, 333, 335, 342–343, 346–348, 360, 366, 368, 370–371, 377–380–381, 383, 385–388, 395
Estremoz (Portugal) 233
Eucharist 77, 208, 244
Eustathios 208
Faḥṣ al-Surādiq 111–113, 372
Fāʾiq al-Nizāmī 22, 149, 217, 219, 251
falconry 22, 218
falcons (motif) 64, 220, 297, 301, 306, 321, 347, 354, 362, 364, 369, 376, 391
famine 110, 356–357, 394
Faraj (craftsman) 134, 152, 219–222, 224, 231, 288, 345, 393
Fatimids 3, 10, 15, 18, 27–30, 33–34, 36, 40, 42–46, 51, 58, 60–62, 70, 73–74, 83, 103, 117, 120–121, 139, 141, 143, 147, 150, 153, 186, 191, 193–195, 204, 206, 212–213, 242–243, 247, 250, 273–275, 280, 299–301, 308–309, 312–313, 315–317, 342, 344, 351, 365–366, 368–371, 373, 379, 381, 393–395 Cairo; ceramics; ivory
Felipe II, king of Spain (r. 1556–1598) 118
Fermo chasuble 270, 300, 302, 304–306, 312, 315, 384
Fernando I of León 388
Fernando IV of Castile (d. 1312) 144
Fernán González, count of Castile 70, 268–270
Poema de Fernán González 268–269, 271
Fez 28, 42–44, 51, 74, 143, 211, 247–248, 273–274, 306, 308, 309, 366, 393
Madīnat Fās mint 31, 52
fish (motif) 88, 123, 276, 278, 293, 296, 330, 333, 335–336, 338, 340, 343–344, 373
Fitero casket 215, 223–224
Fitna 5, 52, 54, 56, 67, 96, 99, 108, 114, 136, 144, 195, 212, 227, 239, 241, 246, 248–249, 276, 305, 333, 345, 348, 384, 386, 389, 393
fityān 19, 22, 35, 62, 134, 149, 210, 212, 215, 217–219, 221–223, 248, 250, 253, 263–265, 275, 281, 288–289, 294, 317, 347, 360, 385–386
fleet (Andalusi) 28, 39, 60, 117–118
flowers (in nature) 87, 101, 361–362
flowers (motif) 136, 228, 260, 281, 285, 293–294, 296, 327, 334, 358, 360, 361, 372, 383 nawriyya
fountain heads 64, 88, 103, 105, 129, 233, 246, 249, 256, 260, 278, 293, 315, 330–331, 335, 349, 356, 358
fountains 87, 118, 154, 278, 356
Franco, Francisco (r. 1936–1975) 2–4
Franks 139, 144, 249, 301
Fraxinetum 59
French Revolution 297
Fuensanta (stream) 100, 211
Fuentes de Andalucía inscription 118
fuqahāʾ see religious elite
Fusṭāṭ see Cairo
Galicia 70, 77, 139, 289
García Fernández, Count of Castile 22, 38, 67–69, 71, 267, 270, 304, 352–353, 355
García Gómez (Count Ibn Gómez), son of Gómez Díaz d.995 68, 70, 72, 364
García Sánchez of Navarra 22, 70
gardens 11, 41, 87, 89, 92, 99–102, 104–105, 111–112, 115, 120, 123, 131, 136, 138, 146, 202, 236, 246, 259, 276, 281, 285, 289, 315–317, 327, 330, 341, 343–344, 349, 357–362, 373, 376, 380, 383, 390
Gayangos, Pascual de 74–75
gazelles 64, 104, 125, 132, 136, 245, 252, 276, 280, 293, 296, 312, 315, 317, 321, 323, 331, 333–335, 338, 344, 348–349, 351, 354–355, 358, 361, 372–373, 377, 381, 383, 387
geometric designs 159, 163, 275, 308
Ghālib 8, 30, 36–41, 63, 65, 82, 116, 191, 270, 352, 365–366
ghāliya 238, 243
Gibraleón 384
gift-giving see khilʿa
giraffe 75, 104
Girona 19, 66, 125, 127, 245 Hishām II: casket in Girona Cathedral
glass 225, 228, 238, 243–244, 328, 391–392
goats (motif) 315, 376
gold 22, 27–30, 42, 61–62, 64, 67, 71, 77–78, 84, 89, 99, 101–102, 105, 108, 146, 202, 204, 214, 218, 225, 228, 230, 239–241, 243–244, 246–247, 249, 268–269, 271, 297, 299–304, 306, 345–346, 348–349, 357, 366, 368–371, 376, 384, 390, 392
gold supply 27–30, 42, 239–241, 303
coinage: dinars
gold leaf 301
gold thread 62, 297, 300, 302–304, 306, 366
Gómez-Moreno, Manuel 4–5, 95, 125, 140, 156, 294, 296, 309, 313, 316, 330, 334, 336, 338, 341
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (Gran Capitán) 125
Casa del Gran Capitán 125, 127, 252
Gonzalo Sánchez of Navarra 68–69
Gormaz 267
Granada 88, 104, 246, 273, 294, 296, 303, 327, 330–331, 333–335, 338, 343, 345, 373, 384, 389 Alhambra
griffins (motif) 125, 127, 136, 238, 245, 252, 259–260, 262, 278, 280, 293, 300, 306, 312–313, 322, 327, 331, 344, 363, 365, 372–373, 385, 394
Pisa Griffin 245, 385, 394
Guadalquivir (river) 96, 98, 100–101, 105, 110–111, 113, 116, 118, 211
Ḥabība, wife of ʿAbd al-Malik al-Muẓaffar 100, 105
hadith 34, 190, 197
ḥājib, also ḥijāba, ḥujjāb 2, 3, 7–13, 16, 19, 22–26, 28, 30, 32, 34–40, 42–43, 46–47, 49–58, 60–61, 64, 66–69, 77–78, 80, 82–83, 85, 89, 90–92, 94, 98, 101, 108, 110–114, 116, 118, 120–121, 125, 132, 134, 150, 190–191, 205, 207, 213, 218, 221–222, 233, 247–253, 255–256, 258–260, 262–263, 268–269, 271–274, 280, 282, 284–285, 293, 300, 304–305, 307, 313, 318, 344, 347–349, 352–354, 362, 368, 372, 377–378, 380–381, 384–387, 394–395
al-Ḥakam I, Andalusi amir (r. 796–818) 22, 142
al-Ḥakam II, ‘al-Mustanṣir’, Andalusi caliph (r. 961–976) 3–9, 14–19, 21–25, 29–35, 38, 40, 44, 47–48, 52, 58, 60–63, 67–70, 73, 77, 81, 83–84, 90–92, 98–99, 101, 108, 110, 121, 125, 131–132, 136, 139–141, 143–144, 146–147, 150, 153–154, 156–159, 161, 163, 166–171, 173, 182, 184, 186–188, 190–193, 195–199, 201–207, 210, 212–214, 217–218, 224, 226–227, 230, 232–233, 238, 240–241, 243–244, 246, 248, 250–252, 255, 260, 266, 270, 272–274, 280–281, 296, 307, 309, 328–329, 331, 342, 352, 354–359, 365–366, 371–373, 376, 378–379, 381, 395
court 6, 10, 14–16, 22, 24–25, 35, 40, 58, 60–63, 70, 81, 83, 90–92, 101, 132, 146, 207, 218, 250, 255, 260, 270, 274
death 7, 17–19, 24–26, 47–49, 52, 67–68, 132, 217–218, 255
extension to Cordoba Mosque 5, 40, 44, 125, 136, 139–141, 143–144, 146–147, 150, 153–154, 156–159, 161, 163, 166–171, 173, 182, 184, 186–193, 195–199, 201–205, 218, 224, 226–227, 230, 233, 251, 274, 281, 296, 307, 309, 328, 395
ivory pyxis 218, 238, 241, 244, 262, 272, 280, 329, 371, 372
library 3–5, 7, 16, 32–36, 84, 91, 139, 197, 202–204, 214, 248, 376
marble basin 218, 273, 331, 378
military campaigns 26, 29–30, 38, 44, 63, 73, 352, 354–355, 365–366, 373
al-Hākim, Fatimid caliph 51, 204, 370
al-Hamdānī, ʿAbbās ibn al-Aṣbagh ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz 248
hares 245, 297, 299, 333–334
harpy (motif) 245, 300, 391–393
Hārūn al-Rashīd, Abbasid caliph 156, 229, 368
Ḥasan ibn Qānūn 43–44, 62, 73, 77, 214, 243, 352, 354, 365
Hasdai ibn Shaprut 68
Hebrew 248, 376
Hernán Ruiz 161
heterodoxy, also heresy 11, 16, 33–34, 36, 43, 115, 121, 139, 147, 191, 194–196, 198–199, 202–205, 274, 356, 381, 395
persecution of heretics 4, 33, 36, 194–195, 354
Hishām I, Andalusi amir 156, 161
Hishām II, ‘al-Muʾayyad bi-llah’, Andalusi caliph (r. 976-c. 1010) 1–2, 4, 6, 10, 16–19, 21, 23–26, 28–30, 33–37, 40–41, 43, 47–50, 53–55, 61, 67, 83–84, 90, 92–93, 99, 108, 113–116, 118–120, 132, 134, 139, 148–150, 152, 190, 192, 194, 203, 206, 208, 213, 217–219, 228, 240, 243, 246, 255, 260, 265–268, 271, 273–274, 282, 284–285, 293, 297, 299, 305, 307–308, 313, 342, 353, 359, 372, 378–379, 381–382
bayʿa 19, 23, 49, 190
casket in Girona Cathedral 19, 22, 149, 208, 217–218, 224, 226, 228, 230, 240, 273, 282, 284
deposition plot of 979 22, 34, 194, 218
health and incapacity 10, 17–18, 23–24, 36, 47–49, 55, 149, 192, 228, 381, 382
minority and succession crisis 1–2, 6, 16–25, 33–35, 47, 49, 266
al-Mughīra plot 17, 21–22, 25–26, 49, 219, 266
Ṭirāz of Hishām II
Hishām II, counterfeit caliph see Khalaf al-Ḥuṣrī
Hishām al-Muṣḥafī 38
Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār 55, 114
Hispania 233, 236, 363
Hispanic Society pyxis 223, 242–243 Khalaf (ivory carver)
horses, also horsemen (motif) 39, 102–103, 215, 220, 222, 250, 267, 297, 299–302, 306, 311–312, 316, 321, 323, 327, 347–348, 370–371, 380, 388, 391
horses, also cavalry 8, 28, 39, 49–50, 62–63, 70–74, 77, 79, 104, 110, 112, 192, 217, 222, 232, 246, 321, 355, 364, 368–369
horse apparel 213, 246
Hroswitha, abbess of Saxony 60
Hūdids see Banū Hūd
human figures (motif) 87, 129–132, 134, 228, 237, 260, 268, 271, 285, 289, 299, 302, 306, 311–313, 315–316, 321, 323, 327–328, 331, 344, 347–348, 360, 362, 378 horsemen
hunting 104–105, 240–241, 312–313, 355
hunting (motif) 219, 300, 306, 312, 323, 348, 391
Ibn ʿAbd Rabbihī, court poet 90, 376
Ibn Abī ʿĀmir, Muḥammad see al-Manṣūr
Ibn Abī Zamanīn 92
Ibn Abī Zayd al-Qayrawānī 92
Ibn al-ʿArīf 83, 84
Ibn al-ʿAṭṭār 106, 109
Ibn Bartal, Muḥammad ibn Yaḥya ibn Zakariyya 35 Banū Bartal
Ibn Batri, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Saʿīd 150
Ibn Burd, Aḥmad 55, 86
Ibn Burd, Abū Hafṣ 83, 86–87
Ibn Darrāj al-Qasṭallī 7, 51, 57–58, 68–72, 79–84, 87, 102, 191, 304, 351–354, 356, 358–361, 364, 373, 383, 386
Ibn Dhakwān, Aḥmad 35, 55, 83, 107, 109
Ibn Firnās 210
Ibn Fuṭays 16, 248
Ibn Gómez see Banū Gómez; García Gómez
Ibn Ḥafṣūn, Aḥmad ibn Ḥakam 255
Ibn Ḥafṣūn, ʿUmar 198, 370
Ibn Ḥayyān, Andalusi historian 5–6, 10, 17, 21, 25, 47, 51, 80, 83, 91, 94, 98, 101, 109, 111, 113, 115, 227, 349, 351, 355, 361, 369–371
Ibn Ḥazm 7, 19, 46, 66, 80, 82–83, 86, 95, 97–99, 105, 194, 384–385
Ibn Ḥudayr, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad 15, 30–31, 207, 270
Ibn Ḥudayr, Mūsa ibn Muḥammad (d. 933) 8
Ibn ʿIdhārī 6, 25, 30, 34, 41, 54–56, 66, 82, 99–100, 103, 108, 111, 113–114, 116, 118, 121, 143–144, 153, 207, 227, 255, 265, 372
Ibn Jabīr 88, 103, 330, 390, 392
Ibn Juljul 92, 255
Ibn Khafāja 364
Ibn Khaldūn 6, 35, 67, 73, 75, 250
Ibn al-Khaṭīb 6, 39, 57, 65, 70–72, 82–83, 107, 109, 246
Ibn Khazar, Muḥammad 212–213, 249
Ibn al-Makwī 35, 46
Ibn Maʿmar al-Lughawī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad (al-Manṣūr’s librarian) 248, 386
Ibn Masarra, also Masarris, Masarrism 8, 33–34, 191, 194–196, 203–204, 381
Ibn al-Mashshāt see al-Ruʿayni
Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ 375
Ibn Saʿīd 6, 101
Ibn al-Salīm, qāḍī of Cordoba 14, 24, 35
Ibn Shuhayd, Abū ʿĀmir, Taifa poet 80, 86, 89–90, 99–100, 105
Ibn Shuhayd, Abū Marwān, ʿĀmirid nadīm 83, 89–90
Ibn Shuhayd, Aḥmad, nadīm of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III 37, 62
Ibn Shukhayṣ, Muḥammad, court poet 17, 81, 157
Ibn Simāk 360
Ibn al-Ṭuwayr 368
Ibn Zarb 35, 46–47, 106–107, 195
Idrīs al-Ḥasanī, lord of Rashgūn 370
Idrīsids 28, 30, 43–44, 62, 73, 77, 308
al-Iflīlī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad 212
Ifrīqiya 28–29, 45, 56, 73–74, 110, 232, 275, 357, 370, 393
Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ 195
India 75, 227, 243, 246, 375
indigo 297, 346
inscriptions see epigraphy
Instituto de Valencia de Don Juan, Madrid 149, 215, 246, 273, 327, 345, 389
ʿIqd al-Farīd 376
Iran 208, 238, 250, 301, 344, 349, 351
Iraq 104, 110, 214, 238, 247, 249, 301, 376
ʿĪsā ibn Saʿīd al-Yaḥṣubī 37, 54, 83, 86–87, 108–109, 114
al-Iṣfahānī, Abū’l-Faraj 214, 376
Ismāʿīl ibn ʿAbbād 384
Ismailism 33, 42, 194–196
iṣtināʿ see khilʿa
ivory 2, 48, 65, 75, 77, 79, 127, 130, 134, 209, 215, 219, 221, 223–231, 238–244, 260, 262–263, 268–269, 272, 280, 284–285, 288–289, 304, 307, 309, 311–313, 315–316, 318–319, 321, 323, 327–329, 336, 343, 345–346, 348, 360, 371, 376, 378–380, 386–389, 392
Byzantine 65, 209
Carolingian 229
Fatimid 70, 228, 312, 315–316
Gothic 225–226, 311
ivory-carving industry 134, 209, 215, 219, 221, 223–224, 226, 228–231, 240–241, 327
ʿĀmirid patronage 75, 77, 79, 221, 241, 263, 269, 282–289, 309–313, 318–327
establishment by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III 65, 229, 238–240
production techniques 228–230, 242, 284, 321
Taifa patronage 12, 241, 321, 345, 386–387, 389; Cuenca
León 241, 260, 388; San Millán de la Cogolla
mounts 211, 228, 240, 242, 244, 311–312, 318, 323, 328, 371
raw material and supply 27, 75, 77, 127, 226–229, 238–242, 284, 311, 321, 327, 346, 386, 387–388
Southern Italian 209, 225, 241, 315
textile linings 68, 242, 306
use in furniture 227–228, 307, 328, 348
Dār al-Ṣināʿa and under individual objects
Jaén 219, 379, 384–385
Jaʿfar ibn ʿAlī al-Andalusī 15, 60, 73, 365
Jahwarids 305
Jawdhar 22, 149, 217–218
al-Jayyānī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad 360
al-Jazīrī, Abū Marwān, court poet 82–83, 87–89, 103, 109, 278, 330, 335, 356, 372–373
Jerusalem 51, 146, 190, 199, 333
jewels, jewellery 30, 62, 64, 77, 79, 103–104, 110, 246, 249, 259, 270, 357, 361
Jews 68, 194
jihad 10, 27, 36, 40, 42, 51, 92, 121, 139, 191–192, 199, 204, 288, 354, 379, 382
John of Gorze 58, 59, 61, 72, 363
John Tzimisces, Byzantine Emperor 58
Jones, Owen 330
Kaʿba 51
Kairouan see Qayrawān
Kalīla wa Dimna 32, 92, 214, 266, 317, 335, 348, 373–377, 382
Khalaf al-Ḥuṣrī, fictive Hishām II 305, 384
Khalaf ibn Ḥayyān 5, 47, 355
Khalaf ibn Muḥammad al-ʿĀmirī 119, 152, 222–223, 275, 360
Khalaf (ivory carver) 223–224 Hispanic Society pyxis
Khallūf ibn Abī Bakr 45
khamriyya 87
Khayāl, wife of ʿAbd al-Malik al-Muẓaffar 86
Khayrah see Khalaf ibn Muḥammad al-ʿĀmirī
Khazrūn ibn Fulfūl 42, 52
khilʿa 12, 27, 30, 45, 62–63, 73–74, 206, 210, 213, 246, 250, 265, 267–268, 270, 272, 280, 297, 301, 346
Khirbat al-Mafjar 351, 354, 362
Khizānah (treasury) 30, 213–214, 239, 265, 268, 270, 287
Khizānat al-Silāḥ 109–110, 213, 246
khuṭba 43, 51, 190, 197, 274, 384
kilgas 356
Kitāb al-Aghānī 32, 214, 376
Kitāb al-Badīʿ fī Waṣf al-Rabīʿ 87
Kitāb al-Fuṣūṣ fī al-Lughāt wa al-Akhbār 91, 107, 361
Kitāb al-Hadāʾiq 360
Kitāb al-Mafākhir al-Barbar 1, 6, 72–75, 77, 214, 243
Kitāb al-Muwashshāʾ 86, 207
Kitāb Qudwat al-Ghāzī 92
Kufic script 118, 163, 188, 245, 275, 294, 303, 320, 333, 342, 371
Kutāma 42
lamt 75, 104
lapis lazuli 99, 102, 390, 393
laqab, pl. alqāb 39–41, 54, 66, 70, 116, 120–121, 149, 215, 218, 264, 267, 293, 297, 299, 342, 353, 379, 381
Las Quemadas, Cortijo de see al-Madīnat al-Zāhira
Late Antique period 125, 127, 147, 168, 233, 238, 336, 363
Latin 59–60, 77, 118, 152, 236, 282, 376
lead 162, 256, 322
legitimacy 3, 9–12, 16, 22–24, 27, 32, 35–36, 40–41, 46, 48, 50–51, 53, 56–58, 93–94, 121, 125, 141, 143, 147–148, 193, 196, 199, 209, 228, 266, 271, 273, 299, 331, 355, 360, 369, 371, 383–385, 388, 395
Leo VI, Byzantine Emperor 64, 363
León 22, 50–51, 54, 67–70, 77–78, 82, 112, 125, 219, 244, 260, 270, 276, 284, 289, 293, 306, 312, 317, 322, 328–329, 331, 333, 335, 345, 352, 388
leopards (motif) 348, 365, 373
Lérida 385, 393
Lévi-Provençal, Évariste 3, 35, 58–59, 69–70, 100, 113, 150, 190, 193, 199, 255, 294, 330
Leyre (Leire) 79, 282 Pamplona casket
libraries see books
limestone 97, 122–123, 134, 156, 162, 167, 228–230, 233, 313, 338, 345–346
lion-bull combat (motif) 349, 351, 355, 376
lion-gazelle combat (motif) 125, 136, 276, 278, 288, 293, 296, 315, 317, 321, 331, 333–334, 344, 348–358, 361–362, 373, 377, 381, 383, 387
lion (motif) 64, 88–89, 103, 125, 127, 129, 132, 221, 223, 245, 250, 252, 280, 285, 296, 300, 312, 317, 321, 329, 333–334, 342–343, 345, 347–349, 358, 364–365, 368–373, 375, 381, 387, 391
association with water 87–89, 103, 105, 129, 333, 347, 355–357
lion imagery in poetry 82, 87, 105, 348, 351–355, 364, 386
lions 18, 104–105, 349, 355
Lisbon 40, 50, 118, 120, 149, 235, 274, 345
al-Lughawī see Ṣāʿid al-Baghdādī
lustre see ceramics
luxury arts industry see Dār al-Ṣināʿa
madder 232
Madīna 146
al-Madīnat al-Zāhira 2, 5–7, 11, 16, 31, 35, 37, 41, 47, 49, 52, 54–56, 71, 89, 94–138, 187, 192, 204, 215, 217–218, 221, 231, 238, 243, 246, 248, 262, 265, 270–271, 275, 330, 333, 338, 344–345, 349, 357, 372, 379, 388, 393
attempts to locate 94–97
Alamiriya 95
Munyat al-Rummāniyya
Las Quemadas, Cortijo de 96, 108, 113, 122
Bāb al-Fatḥ 106, 109–110, 114, 120–121, 204, 379
decoration / luxury materials used 6, 98–99, 101–102, 104, 121–138, 221, 231, 238, 345, 388, 393
foundation / construction 97–98, 100, 111, 115–116, 132, 215
gardens 99–100, 102, 104–105, 111–112, 123, 131, 136, 138, 344
granaries 110, 357
Khizānat al-Silāḥ (arsenal) / weapons stores 109, 112, 213, 246
lakes, pools 99–103, 105
boating 98, 100, 105, 117
looting and destruction 56, 98–99, 103–104, 108, 136
markets 110–111
menagerie 104–105, 349
mills 110, 357
mosque 35, 46, 91, 106–107, 109, 115, 248
palaces 87, 94, 96–106, 108, 115–116, 121, 123, 132, 136, 138, 265, 330
Dhāt al-Wādiyayn 99, 102
Munyat al-ʿĀmiriyya 95, 100, 105, 112, 255
Munyat al-Surūr 100, 102, 105, 136
Munyat / Qubbat al-Luʾluʾa 100
Munyat al-Urṭāniyya 100
Qaṣr al-Ḥājibiyya 99, 255
prison 109
stables 104–105
transfer of caliphal treasury 47, 108, 115
walls / defensibility 107, 111–114, 136
Madīnat al-Zahrāʾ 5, 9, 11–12, 17–19, 25, 29, 33, 38, 40–41, 58–61, 64, 94–95, 97, 99, 101–107, 109–112, 114–116, 120–122, 129, 131–132, 136, 141, 144, 146, 150, 153, 156, 182, 187, 195, 211–215, 217–219, 222, 224, 229–230, 232–233, 237, 243–244, 246–247, 250–251, 253, 256, 262, 265, 272–273, 282, 288, 307, 318, 330, 344, 352, 357–358, 366, 389
aviary 104
Bāb al-Jinān 120
Bāb al-Sudda 101, 120
Bāb al-Ṣūra 120
barracks 215
basin of mercury 61, 64
Central Pavilion 18–19
construction (materials) 33, 41, 97, 99, 122, 129, 131–132, 141, 146, 187, 224, 229, 232–233, 251, 256, 272, 288, 307, 344
Dār al-Jund 18
Dār al-Mulk 17–18
al-ḥāʾir 104
Hall of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III 18, 101, 103, 115, 136, 144, 213, 218, 224, 230, 233
House of Jaʿfar 9, 222, 250–251, 253, 262
House of the Pool (Vivienda de la Alberca) 233, 256
majālis al-Umarāʾ 18
majlis al-sharqī 18, 101
majlis al-gharbī 18, 101
mosque 33, 97, 106–107, 115
pharmacy 243
workshops 64, 211, 213–215, 217, 219, 243, 246, 265
al-Mahdī, Muḥammad ibn Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār, Andalusi caliph 36, 55–56, 98–99, 103, 107–108, 113, 385
al-Mahdī, Fatimid caliph 120
Mahdīya 18, 120
Maghrāwa 45, 73
Maghrib 1, 6, 10–12, 27–32, 39, 42–43, 45–46, 52, 58, 60–64, 68, 72–77, 108, 110, 139, 150, 238, 240, 242–243, 247, 250, 270, 274, 349, 357, 393–394
Maghribi script 92, 248
Málaga 12, 92, 384, 389, 393
Malikism 3–5, 11, 23, 33–35, 41, 46, 84, 92, 107, 139, 147, 190, 194–197, 202, 204, 205, 395
Mallorca (Mayurqa) 384, 394
al-Maʾmūn, Abbasid caliph 54, 199, 368
al-Maʾmūn ibn Dhū’l-Nūn 89, 103, 272, 345, 387–390, 392–393
al-Manṣūr
architectural construction 1–2, 4–5, 9, 11, 32, 34, 94–138, 139–205, 221, 233, 245, 281, 307, 309, 357, 360–362, 372, 383, 393–395
bridge building 117, 139, 149
Genil at Écija 118, 149
Puente Alcántara, Toledo 118–119
Cordoba Mosque extension see Mosque of Cordoba
restoration of walls of Lisbon 118, 120, 149
roads 113, 117, 139
walls 111, 114, 118
al-Madīnat al-Zāhira
court 6, 57–80
ceremonial 41, 58–61, 70–72, 79, 101
daughters 32, 86, 139, 271
death 1, 50, 53
dhū’l-wizāratayn 37, 274
dīwān of court poets 80–85, 271, 351–353, 358, 382
dynastic marriages 11, 16, 37, 65–67, 71, 116, 304
jihad, military campaigns 2, 4, 7, 10, 16, 26–27, 30, 32, 36, 38–39, 41, 47, 50–52, 57, 61, 69, 77, 82, 85, 87, 100, 113–114, 116–117, 139, 150, 191–192, 199, 213, 246, 266–270, 329, 351–355, 363–364, 372–373, 381, 395
Barcelona campaign 2, 82–83, 118, 246
Santiago campaign see Santiago de Compostela
luxury arts patronage 2, 4, 9, 12, 43, 79–80, 206–271, 272–282, 347–383, 395
semantics of inscriptions 120–121, 313, 342, 377–380
strategic gift-giving 12, 30, 62–65, 74–75, 77, 206–209, 249–250, 265–271, 363
individual objects
Maghrib relations 6, 10, 16, 27–30, 42–47, 52, 63–64, 72–75, 77, 127, 240–241, 270, 273–275, 308, 311, 393
personal piety 32–36, 139
autograph Qurʾān 32, 139, 248, 270–271
al-Ḥakam II: library
poetic gatherings 7, 11, 36, 81, 85–93, 98, 105, 132, 359, 361
promotion to ḥājib 3, 8–10, 34–35 – ḥājib (main entry)
public works 110, 118, 157–158, 357–358, 360
qāḍī al-quḍāt (Maghrib) 27, 30, 61, 63, 270, 274
rise to power 6, 10, 14–17, 19, 22–26, 36–39, 207, 215, 270
ṣāḥib al-sikka 9, 15, 30–31, 50, 52, 207–208
embezzling the mint 15, 207
titles 39–41, 116, 120, 121, 307, 313, 317, 342
waḥsha (rupture with Ṣubḥ) 3, 46–47, 49–52, 108, 115–116, 192
Manṣūr ibn Buluqqīn 45, 74
Maqāmāt 366
al-Maqqarī 6, 37, 72, 74–75, 83, 107, 118, 152, 213–214, 218, 241, 259
marble 2, 97, 99 102–104, 112, 118, 121–123, 125, 127, 129, 131–132, 141, 146–147, 159–160, 162–163, 166–167, 173, 193, 196, 215, 219–220, 224–225, 228–238, 251, 258, 260, 262, 265, 272, 275, 280, 282, 307, 329, 331, 335, 344–346, 356–357, 363, 385, 389
marble basins 87–89, 101, 103, 105, 121, 123, 125, 160, 218, 220, 223, 230, 232–233, 235–237, 237–238, 246, 256, 268, 273, 288, 307–308, 312, 315, 317, 321, 329, 333–335, 343, 345–349, 351, 356–358, 363–365, 375, 377–378, 380, 383, 388, 390
ʿĀmirid small basin group (4.2.3) 88, 123, 129, 278, 296, 331, 335–341, 343, 373–377
fragments found at the Alhambra (2.3.3) 224, 277, 294–296, 327, 331, 343, 345, 373, 389
in Priego de Córdoba 333
made for al-Manṣūr (1.2) 12, 77, 87–88, 102, 104, 108, 119, 125, 136, 215, 217, 222, 230, 237, 256, 259–260, 262–263, 265, 275–282, 289, 293–294, 296, 312–313, 317, 329–331, 333, 338, 342–343, 349, 351, 354, 358, 360–362, 370, 372, 379–381
made for ʿAbd al-Malik (2.3.1) 12, 88, 104, 125, 136, 236, 259, 280, 282, 285, 288–294, 300, 307, 312–313, 321, 327, 329–331, 342–345, 358, 361–362, 372, 379–381, 387
made for ʿAbd al-Malik, found in Toledo (2.3.2) 294
owned by Bādīs ibn Ḥabbūs (4.2.1) 88, 104, 125, 277, 282, 293–294, 296, 329–333, 342, 344–345, 362
gift from Byzantine Emperor 64, 88, 249, 357
pipes, pipe covers 88, 213, 251, 256, 258, 260, 278, 293, 315, 331, 333, 356
Munyat al-Rummāniyya
Marinids 6, 50, 235–237, 306–307, 335, 366, 368, 373
Abū Thābit (r. 1307–8) 235–236
Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf (d. 1307) 235–237, 335
banners 366, 368, 373
al-Saʿīd II (r.1358) 6
Marrakesh 222, 227, 236, 275–276, 289, 293, 307, 330, 333, 338
maṣalla (Cordoba) 111, 356
Mashriq (Islamic East) 8, 12, 84, 91, 156, 161, 194–195, 244, 246, 349, 394
Maslama al-Qurṭubī 195, 309
Mecca 43
Medinaceli (Madīnat Salīm) 36, 53, 268
Mediterranean 27, 29, 60, 117, 209, 232, 394
Melilla 28
Menendo González of Galicia 67, 70, 77–78, 289 Braga pyxis
Mérida 123, 125, 143, 168, 238, 363
metalwork 207–208, 211, 219, 230, 240, 244, 246–247, 318, 394
Fatimid (Denia hoard) 394
Ilkhanid 318
Mamluk 318
metal inlay in sculpture 259–260, 321–322
mounts see ivory
mīḍaʾa see Mosque of Cordoba: ablutions pavilions
Miknāsa 29
minbars 6, 39–40, 43–44, 55, 74, 82, 107, 149–150, 159, 190–191, 204, 227–228, 263, 273–275, 284, 306–309, 328
Asilah 43
Kutubiyya Mosque 227, 275, 307, 309
Mosque of Cordoba 44, 159, 190–191, 227–228, 274, 307, 309, 328
al-Qarawiyyīn Mosque 263, 274, 306–309
Qayrawān Mosque 275
Andalusiyyīn minbar
mint (Dār al-Sikka) 15, 30–31, 42, 52, 108, 115, 206–208, 210–211, 213, 243
mirrors for princes 266, 373, 376, 382
Mohs scale 228, 230
Monastery of San Jerónimo 233
Montecassino 225
Morocco see Maghrib
mosaics, mosaicist 99, 142, 146–147, 193, 196–197, 199, 202, 214, 247, 251, 351, 354, 362
Mosque of Cordoba 1, 2, 5, 11–12, 32–34, 36, 40, 44, 94, 97, 99, 106–107, 115, 121, 123, 134, 136, 139–205, 214, 218, 220, 222, 224–227, 230, 233, 238, 245–248, 251, 263, 265, 274–275, 281–282, 296, 307–309, 328, 342, 345, 353, 357, 360, 372, 381, 393, 395
ablutions pavilions (mīḍaʾa) 154, 156–158, 161, 192, 221, 307–308, 357, 383
built by Hishām I 156, 161
built by al-Manṣūr 156–158
ʿĀmirid extension (Cordoba IV) 139, 148–192, 197–205, 217, 220–222, 383
cistern 152, 154, 156–157, 192, 357, 383
double-capitals 103, 122, 125, 134, 136, 166, 187–188, 192, 219, 221, 224, 231, 345, 393
interventions in al-Ḥakam’s prayer hall 107, 136, 146, 154, 158, 162, 166, 182–192, 203, 205
masons’ marks and signatures 125, 134, 150, 152, 184, 187, 217, 221–222
modillions (roll corbels) 162–163, 186, 281
arches
architects 144, 146, 153, 156, 161–163, 166, 184, 187, 205, 395
Bāb Bayt al-Māl 136, 184, 186–187, 199
Bāb al-Sābāṭ 136, 144, 169, 184, 186–187, 191, 196, 198–199
Bāb al-Wuzarāʾ (Puerta de San Esteban) 169, 198
Capilla Real 136, 144, 146, 166, 186–188
Capilla de Villaviciosa 144, 159, 166, 186, 218
cathedral 141, 143–144, 154, 161, 163, 166, 188
courtyard 33, 152–154, 156–157, 159–160, 162, 166, 168, 186, 188, 195, 197, 203
drainage channels 166, 184
foundation inscription (Puerta de las Palmas) 153, 160
lack of ʿĀmirid inscription 11, 119, 148, 150, 192, 274
gates
eastern façade
al-Ḥakam’s 154, 158, 166, 169–171, 173, 182, 197–199, 202
ʿĀmirid 154, 156, 159, 163, 169–170, 173, 192–193, 197, 199–203, 245–246, 360, 395
proclamations 191, 195, 198, 202
western façade 163, 169, 184, 186, 192, 198, 203
al-Ḥakam’s extension 5, 40, 136, 140–141, 144–148, 150, 159, 163, 167–168, 182, 186–187, 193, 195–197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 218, 227, 233
illumination 144, 154, 159, 205, 246–247
lamps 50, 246, 247
windows 141, 144, 146, 159, 188
window grilles 159–160, 163, 173, 184, 199, 235, 275
maqṣūra 107, 136, 141, 144, 146–147, 153–154, 158–159, 161–162, 166, 170, 182, 184, 186–188, 190–193, 195–199, 202–204, 214, 224, 226, 230, 246, 275, 281, 393
wooden screen 144, 186, 188
mihrab 125, 136, 141, 143–144, 146–147, 153, 159, 167, 182, 184, 187–188, 190, 193–194, 196–197, 202–203, 218, 224, 227, 247, 251, 296, 308, 360, 393
built by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān II 125, 143, 167
scallop shell dome 147, 194, 296, 393
minaret 141, 143, 153, 308
painted decoration 160, 162–163, 186–188, 192, 197, 203
qibla 140–141, 143–144, 146, 153, 158–159, 161, 163, 182, 184, 188, 190, 193, 197, 199, 202–203, 205, 308
Qurʾānic inscriptions 11, 86, 147, 158, 160, 171, 173, 186, 192–205, 342, 378
Puerta del Chocolate 154, 158, 162, 167, 169–171, 173, 197, 202
restorations 144, 154, 170, 173, 188, 192
treasury 143, 154, 167, 170, 173, 191
wooden ceiling 224, 226–227, 230
minbars
Mozarabs 113, 132, 211, 328
Mshatta 161, 349
Muʿāwiya, founder of Umayyad dynasty 8, 188, 302
Muʿāwiya ibn Yazid, Umayyad caliph 19
al-Muʾayyad bi-llāh see Hishām II
Mufarraj al-ʿĀmirī 31
al-Mughīra ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III 17, 21–22, 25–26, 49, 130, 215, 217, 219, 266, 311, 315–316, 349, 376
ivory pyxis 130, 215, 266, 311, 315–316, 349, 376
plot to succeed al-Ḥakam 17, 21–22, 25–26, 49, 219, 266
Muḥammad, Prophet 23, 32, 43, 146, 195, 200, 366, 368–370
Muḥammad I, Andalusi amir 8, 169, 210
Muḥammad III, Nasrid sultan 330
Muḥammad al-Nāṣir, Almohad caliph 273
Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan al-Ṭubnī, court poet 356
Muḥammad ibn al-Istījī, court poet 359
Muḥammad ibn al-Walīd, kātib al-ṭirāz 212
Muḥammad ibn Zayyān 387
al-Muhannad, court poet 81, 352
al-Muhtadī, Abbasid caliph 104
al-Muʿizz, Fatimid caliph 28, 70, 379
al-Muʿizz ibn Zīrī ibn ʿAṭiyya 31, 52, 370
Mujāhid al-ʿĀmirī, Taifa ruler of Denia 83, 248, 385–386, 394
Mukhtaṣar Abī Muṣʿab 248
al-Mundhir, Andalusi amir (r. 886–8) 17
Mundhir ibn Saʿīd 33, 141, 194, 197
munyas 9, 37–38, 58–59, 73, 87, 95, 99–106, 112, 116, 121, 131–132, 136, 138, 212, 218, 223, 252–253, 255–256, 259–260, 276, 285, 328, 330, 344, 359
Munyat (also Dār) al-Nāʿūrah 349, 355, 357, 336, 340
Munyat al-Rummāniyya 62, 95, 97, 105, 127, 132, 218, 223, 252, 259, 278, 322, 329, Durrī al-Saghīr
al-Muqtadir, Abbasid caliph 19, 23, 301
al-Muqtadir, Taifa ruler 389, 393
Mūsā ibn Abī’l-ʿAfiyya 29, 62, 65, 238, 240, 243–244, 249, 280, 363, 370
Museé des Arts Décoratifs, Paris 263–264, 378
Musée du Louvre, Paris 130, 333
Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid 70, 125, 127, 238, 260, 275, 333, 336, 340, 363, 379
al-Muṣḥafī, Jaʿfar ibn ʿUthmān, ḥājib 9, 14, 16, 19, 22, 24–26, 36–38, 40, 49, 82–83, 90, 112, 116, 132, 213, 219, 250, 253, 255–256, 259–260, 262–263, 344, 354
confusion with Jaʿfar al-Ṣiqlābī 9, 132, 250–262
mosque foundation 255–256
Munyat al-Muṣḥafiyya 9, 38, 112, 116, 132, 255–256, 259–260, 262
al-Muṣḥafī, ʿUthmān ibn Jaʿfar, son of ḥājib 37
al-Muṣḥafī, Muḥammad Abū Bakr ibn Aḥmad ibn Jaʿfar, grandson of ḥājib 255
Mushtaq, mother of al-Mughīra 217
music 86–87, 105, 129–131, 134, 260, 285, 315, 323, 327, 362
musk 74, 103–104, 238, 243
al-Mustāʿīn, Sulaymān, Andalusi caliph 56, 79–80, 361, 365, 382, 386
al-Muṣtanṣir bi-llāh see al-Ḥakam II
Mutanabbī, Abbasid poet 84, 86
al-Muʿtadid ibn ʿAbbād 87, 394
Muʿtazilism 194, 203
al-Muẓaffar see ʿAbd al-Malik ibn al-Manṣūr
al-Muẓaffar, others with this laqab 299, 317, 385, 393
Narbonne pyxis 311, 386–388
al-Nāṣir see ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III
Naṣr II ibn Aḥmad, Samanid sultan 375
Nasrids 6, 273, 329–331
Navarra 16, 22, 37, 54, 57, 65–68, 70–72, 79, 304, 329
nawriyya 89, 285, 294, 347, 358–362, 377
Neoplatonism see Ibn Masarra
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 130, 228, 327
Niebla 384
niello see silver
nine-bay plan 154, 156
Normans 209, 214, 315
North Africa see Maghrib
nudamāʾ 80, 85, 87, 89–90, 93, 108, 285, 289, 318, 341, 361–362, 375–377, 381
Nunila, Christian martyr 79, 282 Pamplona casket
Ocaña Jiménez, Manuel 8, 95, 152, 199, 218, 251, 342
Oña embroidery 78–79, 215, 300–304, 306, 328, 371–372, 392
Oñega, daughter of García Fernández of Castile 67, 70, 304
Oñega/Onneca (Durr), wife of ʿAbd Allāh, Andalusi amir 66
Ordoño IV of León 69, 72
Otto I, Ottonians 58–60, 242, 329
painted decoration 70, 160, 162–163, 186–188, 192, 197, 203, 226–227, 231, 308
painting (manuscript) 316, 375
palaces 1–2, 5, 11, 15, 17–18, 34–35, 41, 47–48, 53, 59, 64, 73, 87, 89, 91, 94–108, 112, 114–116, 120–121, 123, 136, 138–139, 143, 146, 150, 153, 156–157, 161, 170, 198, 209–211, 213–215, 217, 219, 224, 228, 233, 243, 245–246, 262, 264–265, 275–276, 317, 328, 330, 333, 345, 349, 357, 361–362, 371–373, 376, 383–384, 388–390, 392–393, 395
Palencia casket 263, 321, 345, 386–389
Pallás i Puig, Francisco, ivory forger 309
Pamplona 22, 27, 66, 68, 70–71, 79, 282
Pamplona casket 5, 12, 79, 87, 127, 130, 134, 136, 209, 217, 219, 221–222, 224–225, 229, 240–242, 262, 268, 278, 280, 282–289, 297, 299–300, 311–312, 315–316, 318, 321, 323, 327, 331, 342–345, 348, 358, 362, 377, 379–381, 385, 387, 391
panegyric 7, 18, 51, 58, 61, 68–69, 80–83, 89–90, 158, 304, 344, 351–355, 358, 361, 372, 382–383
Paradise 1, 100, 146, 193, 196, 203, 359, 361, 383
parchment 210, 249, 376
Paris 226, 263–264
pavilions 1, 18–19, 61, 64, 87, 99, 101–102, 111, 113, 123, 131, 138, 143, 269, 281, 289, 305, 343–344, 360, 384, 389
peacocks (motif) 64, 245, 282, 301, 312, 315, 317, 327–328, 344, 347, 391
Pedroche (stream) 95
Pelayo, Bishop of Oviedo 67
perfumes 32, 103–104, 210–211, 238, 240, 242–244, 247, 249, 266, 347, 352, 363
philosophy, philosophers 4, 7, 33–35, 91, 194–196, 203, 237
Picatrix (Ghāyat al-Ḥakīm) 309
pious works 4, 11, 15–16, 32–33, 36, 58, 84, 94, 110, 118, 139, 150, 157–158, 190, 195, 205, 248, 251, 262, 288, 308, 356, 360, 379, 382–383, 395
Pisa Griffin see griffins
plaster 107, 162, 186–187, 224–225, 227, 275–276, 308, 389–393
poetry 2, 7, 10–12, 19, 32, 34, 41–42, 51, 57–58, 61, 81–83, 85–87, 89–90, 92–94, 101–103, 105, 131, 136, 158, 209, 243, 255, 266, 270–271, 285, 289, 294, 304, 327, 341, 344, 347–348, 351–354, 356–362, 364–365, 369, 372–373, 376–380, 382–383, 395 nawriyya; panegyric; qaṣīda
poets 7–8, 12, 17, 25, 32, 35–36, 58, 69, 79–86, 89–92, 101–103, 109, 255, 271, 348, 352, 360–361, 369, 375, 382, 386
precious metals 64, 207–208, 211, 215, 231, 242–246, 271, 280 gold; silver
precious stones 64, 249
pre-Islamic prophets 48, 228
prisoners of war 26, 50, 118, 152
pseudo-Aristotle 194
al-Qāhira see Cairo
al-Qāʾim, Fatimid caliph 18
Qalʿa of the Banū Ḥammād 105
al-Qarawiyyīn mosque, Fez 51–52, 143, 247–248, 263, 274, 306–309, 393
qaṣīda 58, 80–81, 83, 87, 89, 157, 355
al-Qāsim ibn Ḥammūd 86
al-Qasṭallī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf 17, 83
Qayrawān 28, 74, 144, 195, 275
Qurʾān 9, 11, 25, 48, 121, 147, 158, 160, 171, 173, 186, 188, 190–205, 247, 274, 308, 342, 361, 366, 379
autograph copy of al-Manṣūr 32, 139, 248, 270–271
inscribed passages see Mosque of Cordoba
personal copy of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III 270
Qurʾān of ʿUthmān 191, 247
Rabanales (stream) 95, 99, 113,
Rabat 235–236, 307, 335
radiocarbon dating 318, 366
al-Rāḍī bi-llāh, Abbasid caliph 363
rain 89, 111, 156, 166, 356–359
Rāʾiq, brother of Ṣubḥ 47
al-Ramādī, Yūsuf ibn Hārūn, court poet 82–83, 90
Ramiro II of León (d. 951) 270
Ramiro III of León 22, 244
Raqqāda 105
al-Rāzī, ʿĪsā ibn Aḥmad 6, 10, 27, 29, 48, 58, 61, 81, 91, 111, 191, 212, 218, 250, 270, 352, 366, 371
Recemundo, Bishop of Elvira see ʿArīb ibn Saʿd
regents see ḥājib
relics, reliquaries 22, 48, 70, 79, 191, 208, 228, 244, 268, 282, 297, 301, 306
religious elite 3, 11, 16, 23–24, 33–36, 46–47, 55, 69, 84, 91, 106–107, 139, 141, 190–192, 197, 199, 205, 214, 395
robes of honour see khilʿa
Roda de Isábena (prov. Huesca) 301
Romanos Lecapenos, Byzantine Emperor 363
Rome, Rūm 51, 57, 71, 101, 233, 267, 363
Romans 27, 118, 123, 125, 147, 157, 168, 211, 232–233, 235–236, 238, 259, 275, 281–282, 315, 318–319, 335–336, 357, 363–364
rosewater 238, 243
al-Ruʿayni, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd Allāh (also known as Ibn Mashshāt) 251
Ṣabra-Manṣūriyya 120, 393
saffron 103
ṣāḥib al-madīna 24, 31, 37, 109, 113, 262 Ziyād ibn Aflaḥ
ṣāḥib al-shurṭa 109, 150, 262 Ziyād ibn Aflaḥ
Ṣāʿid al-Baghdādī al-Lughawī 69, 84–84, 87–88, 91, 103, 107, 271, 355–356, 361
Saint Albuin (Brixen/Bressanone), chasuble 363
Saint Anastasios the Persian 208
Saint Cuthbert (Durham cathedral) 301
Saint Germain (Auxerre), shroud 363
Salón Rico see Madīnat al-Zahrāʾ: Hall of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III
Samarra 61, 104, 153, 161, 275, 375
Sancho Garcès I of Navarra 66
Sancho Garcès II, king of Navarra (Sancho Abarca) 37, 54, 57, 64–66, 68–70, 73, 101–102, 282, 364
Sancho García of Castile (r. 995–1017) 67–70, 78, 219, 284, 293, 304
Sancho I of León (‘Sancho the Fat’) 22, 68
Sanchuelo see ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Manṣūr
sandstone 96, 122–123, 296, 338, 345
Ṣanhāja 29, 83
San Esteban de Gormaz 82, 268
San Isidoro de León 244, 276, 306, 317, 331, 333, 335, 345, 388
San Millán de la Cogolla, ivories associated with 68, 242, 304, 328–329, 388
San Pedro de Arlanza (prov. Burgos) 269
San Pedro de la Nave, capitals 134, 345
San Pelayo, relics 22, 244, 328
San Salvador de Oña, monastery 78, 302, 304
San Simón, Covarrubias 267
San Valero, mitre 301
San Vicente, Valencia 245
San Zoilo, Cordoba 70, 211
Santiago de Compostela 36, 38–39, 50–52, 64, 82, 118, 247, 266–268, 353, 356, 363, 388
bells and doors brought back to Cordoba 50–51, 247
Santo Domingo de Silos 269 Silos casket; cosmetics box, Burgos
Ṣaqāliba 8, 16, 21–22, 25, 38, 47, 56–57, 71, 83, 101, 209, 217, 219
sāqī 87
sarcophagi 125, 233, 235, 237–238, 256, 275, 282, 315, 363
‘Sayf al-Dawla’ (title) 40, 43, 54–55, 118, 120, 218–219, 274, 284, 289, 293, 299, 307, 311, 379, 381
sciences 32, 34–35, 91, 95, 210, 248
sculpture 64, 87, 101, 208–209, 245, 260, 271, 308–309, 331, 333, 375
sea-wool 266
Serra del Buixcarró, Xàtiva 313
Sedrata 393
Seville 15, 87–88, 120, 123, 134, 157, 168, 210–211, 221–222, 233, 246, 275–276, 305–306, 336, 338, 373, 376, 384–385, 388, 394
Shāla 236–237, 307, 335
Shanjul see ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Manṣūr
al-Sharīf al-Ṭalīq, Umayyad prince and poet 83
Shiʿism 3, 10, 27, 33, 43, 92, 194, 274, 365
Sicily 28
Sierra de Cabra see Sierras Subbéticas
Sierra Morena 116, 157, 211
Sierras Subbéticas 167, 233
Sijilmasa 28, 42–43, 52
silk 25, 62, 77–78, 101, 213, 232, 238, 249, 260, 266–269, 282, 297, 300–304, 306, 344, 346, 363, 366, 368–372, 384, 392 Suaire de Saint Lazare; textiles; ṭirāz
Silos casket 269, 280, 321, 345, 355, 387–388
silver 15, 19, 22, 39, 42, 77, 89, 101, 105, 108, 110, 202, 206–209, 211, 218, 225, 228, 230, 238, 240, 243–244, 246–247, 249, 260, 263, 265–266, 268–269, 280, 282, 284, 289, 322–323, 363, 370
and niello 19, 110, 208, 244, 246, 284
silver-gilt 19, 110, 208, 240, 244, 246–247, 249, 282
silver palace 15, 206–209, 211, 243, 263, 265–266
Silves 384–385
Simancas see Alhándega
al-Ṣiqlābī, Jaʿfar ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān 8–9, 16, 19, 22, 40, 132, 217–219, 250–251, 253, 255–256, 260, 262–263, 273–274, 344, 386
slaves 8, 19, 27, 49–50, 72, 77, 103, 132, 217–220, 222, 239, 264, 342, 355 Ṣaqāliba
snake (motif) 84, 123, 238, 268, 296, 309, 364–365, 373
Solomon 103, 348–349
southern Italy 209, 225, 241, 315, 376
Spanish Civil War 3–4
sphinx (motif) 299–300, 344, 391–392
spolia, also reuse 64, 115, 123, 125, 134, 143, 147, 153, 166–168, 173, 182, 187, 190, 221, 226, 232–233, 235–236, 238, 244, 252, 260, 274, 280, 293, 306, 315, 317, 335, 379
steel 75, 246
stone see marble
Suaire de Saint Lazare 215, 219, 267, 297–306, 312, 343–344, 346, 362, 385, 391–393
Ṣubḥ 2–3, 10, 15–17, 21, 26, 37, 47, 49, 52, 84, 108, 118, 192, 206–209, 218, 243, 262–263, 265–266, 268, 371
Sufism 107, 94
al-Sulamī, Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Wadūd 44–45, 73–74, 270
Sunnism 3, 10, 16, 27, 33, 43, 147, 200–201, 203–204, 274, 308, 395
Sūrat al-Fatḥ 121, 191
Sūrat al-Nūr 204
Surt 275, 393
swords see arms and armour
Tahart 74
Taifa states 4–5, 7, 12, 41, 56–57, 80, 83, 85–88, 90, 93, 104, 136, 210, 219, 239, 245, 248, 276, 293, 299, 303, 305–306, 311, 317, 321, 330–331, 345, 348–349, 378, 384–389, 393–395
Ṭalḥa (Slav manufacturer of weapons) 246
Tālid al-Khaṣī, al-Ḥakam’s librarian 32
talismans 197, 271, 308–309, 351
Tangier 28, 30, 52
Ṭarīf (craftsman) 149, 224, 230–231, 282
tents 68, 111, 113, 213, 267–271, 300–301, 304–305, 371, 384
Teresa Bermúdez of León 67
textiles 59, 61–64, 71, 73, 77–79, 113, 130–131, 192, 206, 210–213, 215, 219–221, 230, 232, 242, 244, 249, 260, 265–268, 270, 272, 282, 297, 299–306, 316, 327–328, 343–346, 363, 365–366, 371–372, 384, 391–393 banners; embroidery; Fermo chasuble; khilʿa; Oña embroidery; silk; Suaire de Saint Lazare
Throne of God 146, 196
Tibet 243
tigers 74, 104, 349
tigers (motif) 365, 373
ṭirāz 6, 22, 62, 77, 108, 115, 210–215, 217–219, 232, 242, 247, 249–251, 253, 256, 260, 266–268, 272–273, 301, 305–306, 366, 368, 378 Dār al-Ṭirāz; textiles; silk
Ṭirāz of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III, Cleveland Museum 213, 249, 272
Ṭirāz of Hishām II 213, 267–268, 273, 299, 378
Tlemcen 45
Toda, queen of Navarra 22, 66, 68, 304, 329
Toda, wife of Menendo González of Galicia 77
Toledo 12, 22, 67, 88, 103, 111, 113, 118–120, 136, 143, 149, 154, 222–223, 239, 294, 345 378, 384, 386, 388–390
tombstones 118, 235–236, 364, 307, 335
Torres Balbás, Leopoldo 4–5, 95–96, 140, 161, 163, 296
trans-Saharan trade 27, 29, 42–43, 127, 239–242, 274, 311, 386
treasury 16, 37, 47, 54, 97, 103, 108–109, 115, 167, 170, 173, 191, 197, 206, 213–214, 219, 264–265, 270
tribute 50, 62, 212, 240–241, 305
trinitarianism 193, 199
Tujībids 22, 80, 85, 386
Tunis 28
Tunisia see Ifrīqiya
turbans 45, 49, 55, 62, 70, 74, 249, 268, 300, 302, 312–313, 328, 344
Turruñuelos 39, 111–112
turtles (motif) 87–88, 103, 123, 278, 293, 330, 333, 335–336, 338, 344, 347, 373
tusks see ivory, raw material
ʿUbayd Allāh al-Mahdī, Fatimid caliph 18, 28, 40, 42, 120,
ʿulamāʾ see religious elite
ʿUmar II, Umayyad caliph 146
Umayyads (in al-Andalus) 1–3, 5–8, 10–11, 14, 16–19, 21–22, 24, 27–30, 32–35, 37–52, 54–57, 60–67, 70, 73–74, 77, 79, 83, 91–92, 94, 98, 107, 110–111, 113–115, 117–118, 120–121, 125, 127, 131, 138–144, 146–148, 150, 153, 157, 163, 166, 184, 191–192, 194–196, 198, 202–205, 209–210, 232, 236–237, 239–243, 246–247, 250–253, 262, 270, 272–275, 280–282, 302, 304, 308–309, 315, 330, 335–336, 340, 344–345, 348, 351, 353–354, 358, 364, 365–366, 369–373, 376–377, 379–380, 383, 385–386, 395
Umayyads (in Syria) 19, 142, 146–147, 193, 199, 202, 226, 302, 330
usurpation 3–5, 10, 15, 47, 49, 79, 94, 115, 141, 204
Utica 232
Valdepuentes, aqueduct 357
Valencia 9, 24, 41, 245, 253, 259, 309, 313, 317, 384–385, 393
Velázquez Bosco, Ricardo 95, 97, 154, 157, 169–170, 173
Venus Victrix, altar 238, 363
Via Augusta 113
Victoria and Albert Museum, London (V&A) 65, 246, 373
ivory caskets 224, 241, 244, 272, 280, 296, 299, 315, 322–328, 335–336, 343, 344
decoration from Madīnat al-Zahrāʾ 229, 232
Visigoths 66, 134, 232, 336, 340, 345
vizier (also wizāra) 5, 8–9, 14, 16–18, 24–26, 30, 37, 41, 46–47, 54–56, 62, 73–74, 90–91, 98, 108, 113, 132, 274, 353, 368, 380
dhū’l-wizāratayn 30, 37, 62, 274
Wāḍiḥ 35, 52
Wallāda, al-Ḥakam II’s sister 213, 215, 327
al-Walīd I, Umayyad caliph 142, 146
al-Walīd II, Umayyad caliph 351
Wānūdīn 42, 52
waqf 110, 251
water imagery 84, 87–88, 98, 103, 105, 129, 158, 296, 336, 341, 343–344, 347, 356–359, 373–377
water infrastructure 64, 87–89, 98–103, 105, 123, 154, 156–158, 166, 184, 192, 210–211, 233, 256, 259, 276, 278, 293, 296, 307, 330–331, 333, 335–336, 338, 356–358, 383 Mosque of Cordoba: ablutions pavilions
West Africa 27–28, 42, 74, 227, 229, 242
wine 54, 86–87, 89–90, 99, 105, 327, 359, 362
wood 19, 92, 104, 144, 186, 188, 211, 221, 224–231, 240–242, 271, 273, 275, 307, 318, 321, 327–328, 386
core for ivory caskets 221, 241–242, 327, 386
types:
African blackwood 227
aloeswood 88, 103, 227, 271, 278, 347
box 227
cedar 275
ebony 227, 307, 318
jujube 307
sandalwood 227
Andalusiyyīn minbar; minbars
women 15–17, 32, 37, 47–48, 65–67, 71, 77, 86, 90, 99, 103, 116, 130, 139, 156, 206–207, 215, 218, 224, 271, 273, 300, 304, 314, 316, 328, 385, 392
breastfeeding (motif) 316
caliphal harem 15–17, 47–48, 65, 67, 103, 206–207, 218, 304
worms (motif) 123, 125, 238, 268, 296, 335, 338, 343–345, 373, 389
Xàtiva basin 129, 134, 312–318, 327, 335, 343–344, 388, 393
Yaḥyā ibn ʿAlī al-Andalusī 60, 73, 365
Yaḥyā ibn Ḥammūd 389
Yemen 110, 301
Yuhanna ibn Māsawayh 103
Yūsuf al-Muẓaffar, Taifa ruler of Balaguer 393
Yūsuf ibn Sulaymān ibn Hūd 385
Zab mountains 45, 74
Zanāta 29, 38, 42, 74, 212, 249, 308–309, 365
Zaragoza 80, 85, 305, 319, 384–386, 388–389, 393
alabaster casket 319–320
Aljafería
Zāwī ibn Zīrī ibn Manād 330
Zīrī ibn ʿAṭiyya 31, 45–47, 50, 52, 64, 72–75, 77, 82, 104, 127, 241, 308–309, 311, 349, 352
Zīrī ibn Manād al-Ṣanhājī 29, 73–74
Zīrids 29, 42, 44–46, 56, 274, 308, 330, 370–371, 393
Ziryāb 86
Ziyād ibn Aflaḥ 58, 75, 215, 241, 262–263, 299, 311–312
zoomorphic imagery individual motifs
Zoroastrianism 349, 356
al-Zubaydī, Abū Bakr 35, 84
Zuhayr ibn Muḥammad al-ʿĀmirī 217, 219, 221–222, 288–289, 385
  • Collapse
  • Expand