Index
ʿAbbad b. Sulaiman
61
ʿAbbās Mahmud al-ʾAqqād
84 n. 45
Abbasids
108
period
71, 75, 283, 285 n. 42, 329 n. 11, 336 n. 40, 389 n. 26, 406 n. 17, 417
renaissance
335
ʿAbd Allah b. al-Fadl, Archbishop of Antioch
296
ʿAbd al-Malik, Caliph (685–705)
271 n. 73, 278, 295, 312, 338, 362 nn. 19, 21, 363 n. 23, 364–5, 364 n. 33
ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Baghdādi
22
ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā
400
ʿAbdallah Ibn ʿAbd al-Hakam (727–829)
281 n. 27
ʿAbdu l-Raḥmān b. Auf
172
abid
75
abjuration, formula of
321, 420, 434
Abraham
91, 106, 143, 180, 192, 195, 267, 360, 371, 432, 449, 513
Abū Bakr (632–634)
34, 89, 103 n. 19, 266, 361 n. 11, 392 n. 45, 415 n. 40
Abū Hanīfa (699–767)
60, 390, 434 n. 7
Abū Lahab
400
Abū Qurra, Theodore, bishop of Harān (ca. 750–ca. 825)
7, 23–4, 27, 76–8, 197 n. 98, 280, 285–6, 328, 331, 343–4, 348–50, 389, 436–7, 467 n. 21, 471 n. 35
on Muhammad
314
use of name “Saracen”
78, 192 n. 59, 193, 385
Abū ʿUbayda Ibn al-Jarrāḥ
19, 143–4, 158, 160–1, 172 n. 19, 223–4
Abū ʿUthmān al-Jāhiz (781–869)
123
Achaemenids
4, 169, 200, 479 n. 15
Agapius of Manbij
150
akht-name
152, 163, 165–173
ahl al-Kitāb
63, 152, 167 n. 60, 514 n. 64
Aḥmad
30, 492 n. 66
Paraclete
Ahmad b. Hanbal (d. 855)
30, 126, 492 n. 66
Akhis
483, 498 n. 13
see Chiones and al-akhiyan
Akhtāl, poet (n. ca. 640)
20, 295, 305, 312, 313 n. 27, 362
al-akhiyān
483
See also Chiones
al-Ashʿarī, Abū ’l-Hasan ʿAli (ca. 873–935)
22–23, 319, 324, 371 n. 58, 377
al-Maqālāt al-Islāmīyyīn
300, 324
Ashʿarite theology
56, 100
al-Azhar
129
al-Baladhūri
17, 160 n. 30, 166, 260, 274, 364 n. 32
al-Balaqā
209
al-Bukhāri
167 n. 60
al-djāmi
438 n. 19
al-Farama (Pelousion)
252
al-Ghazzali
68
al-Hallāj
393, 417
al-iqlās
27
al-Jābiya (Gabithā)
145 nn. 19 and 20, 161 n. 36, 162 n. 37, 164, 166
al-Kharrāz
89
al-Kurūm
405
al-Māʾidah
14, 398
al-Mahdi, Caliph 107
al-Mamūn, Caliph (813–833)
280 n. 22, 332, 337
al-Mansūr, Caliph (754–775)
120
al-manzila bayna ’l-manzilatayn
377
al-masājid al-ʿUmariyya
149, 164, 268 n. 56
al-Masʿūdī, ʿAlī ibn al-Husain (896–956)
118, 123
al-Muktadir, Caliph (908–932)
3, 196
al-Mundir
188, 189 n. 36, 222 n. 20
al-Mutawakkil, Caliph (847–861)
387
al-Shāfiʿī (767–820)
390
al-Shahrastāni
377
al-tawhīd
21
see Surah CXII
al-Wākidī (797–874)
81 n. 28
al-Zuhair
88
Aleppo
260
Alexander, Patriarch of Theoupolis
211, 211 n. 43
Alexander the Great
479 n. 15, 492, 500 n. 22, 516
Alexandria
capitulation (646)
157, 160 n. 33, 224, 253, 274
Alexios I Comnenus, Emperor (1081–1118)
36, 441
Allahu akbar
284 n. 39, 320, 369 n. 50, 399
amān
116 n. 2
amīr al-mu’minīn
19, 124, 147, 149, 162 n. 42, 406 n. 17, 417
Ἀμερουμνής
ʿAmr b. ʿUbayd (d. 762)
325, 375
ʿAmr b. al-ʿAs
17, 144, 254
ʿAmr b. Bahr Jāhiz (776?–869?)
75
anā al-haqq
110, 393
Anastasius I, Patriarch of Antioch
176, 230 n. 63
Anastasius of Sinai [Sinaites] (c. 640–c. 700)
5, 8 n. 29, 9, 75 n. 12, 87, 93, 174–81, 204 n. 4, 205 n. 8, 263–4 n. 30, 267, 269 n. 59, 327
Anatolia
Muslim conquests
233 n. 74, 476, 477 n. 6, 480 n. 16, 481 n. 19, 486, 487, 494, 496, 497 n. 12, 503 n. 29, 519
Andreas of Crete (ca. 660–740)
276, 276 n. 1, 283, 286, 327, 330, 333, 334, 338, 341, 367
Andronicos II (1282–1328)
451
Andronicos III Palaiologos (d. 1341)
476, 495
Andronicos Doukas
471–2
Ann of Savoy
476, 495
Anthimos from Aghialos
168
anthropomorphism
56, 57, 104, 321 n. 55, 338 n. 46, 375
antidoron
409
Antonius, Abbot of St. Simeon’s monastery, Antioch
296
apocalypticism
6, 53, 121 n. 22, 165, 259, 262, 267 n. 55, 268, 272–4, 179 n. 20, 365, 463
apodeipnon
96
apotaxis
433, 434
arab
4
Arab
conquests
9, 75 n. 12, 85, 99, 123, 142, 165 n. 57, 223, 236, 265, 270, 328
invasions
10, 97, 121, 143, 147, 159, 260, 322
ruler
368
Arabism
112
Arabs
4, 5, 203, 358
as Achaemenids
169, 200
as Amalekites
9, 185
as barbarians
149, 206, 207
as Hagarenes
7, 186, 193, 206 n. 13, 266
as Ishmaelites
103, 186, 206, 312
as Manichaeans
283
as Muslims
275, 278, 396
as Muslems and Ishmaelites
6
as pagan
5, 9, 127 n. 61
as Persians
4
as Saracens or Sarracens
3, 4 n. 5, 6, 89, 103, 169, 182, 184, 185, 186, 266, 406 n. 16
as scenitae (tent dwellers)
184, 185
capitulation of Christian Cities to
160 n. 33, 224, 269, 274, 308, 359
Arethas, name
Arabic Arith
29
Arethas of Caesarea (ca 850–932)
78, 99, 104, 108, 368, 401, 406 n. 17, 462ff.
Arianism
297, 298, 319, 364, 372
Asad b. Mūsa (d. 749)
377
ascetics and asceticism
4, 85–6, 90, 147, 148, 152, 163, 176, 205, 210, 221, 246, 249, 295, 301, 321, 325, 363, 369 n. 50, 374, 377, 384, 386, 388, 393, 394, 397, 400, 405, 412 n. 30, 419, 452–3,
asr
95, 148 n. 31, 149, 162 n. 41
Athanasios, bishop of Methone
455 n. 22, 461 n. 49
Athanasius of Hierapolis
158 n. 25, 230, 238 n. 15, 262
Babylon (Babyliyun)
186, 245, 252 n. 78, 253, 253 n. 80
Bahira
93, 94, 212, 386 n. 15, 395, 396
Apocalypse of Bahira
38
Balaban (Palapanes)
484 n. 35, 505 n. 38
Bālis
260
banu (tribe)
Hashim
79
Kalb
360, 361, 371 n. 61
Bar Hebraeus (1225–1286)
156 n. 14, 283
Bartholomeus of Edessa (9th c.)
6, 81, 193, 194, 280, 383ff., 394, 400, 437, 441, 467
on Muhammad
81–2, 196, 198 n. 98, 390–2, 395, 397, 399, 437
Basir
190
Bayt al-Hikma
332, 337, 399
Benjamin, Patriarch of Alexandria
274
Bertha of Sulzbach, princess
448
bidʿah
128
bilā kayfa
100
bismillah
397, 438 n. 23
Bogomils
441
Books
“The Four Books” [Torah, Psalms, Gospel, Qur’an]
513 n. 64
Brusa
505 n. 38
Bu Zīd il-Hilāli
407 n. 18
Byzantine Caesar
368
amir al-mu’minīn
monasticism
85, 344
State
124
Byzantine-Arab relations, and in passim
119
Byzantines and Muslims
diplomacy and dialogue
107
canon
codification
52, 55, 94, 95, 128, 153, 214, 397, 426, 429, 430
hymn
341, 342
Cappadocia
215 n. 64, 226, 407 n. 20
Cappadocian Fathers
61, 349, 356
Cephalonia
458
chartophylax
485 n. 40
Chiones
477–9, 482–5, 487, 490–1, 494, 497–8, 505–7, 509–11
Chios, conquest
271
Christianity, Orthodox
100
Christians
as “Associators”
50, 51, 192, 297, 299, 320, 368 n. 48, 372
Christological controversies
5, 55, 58, 59, 61, 100, 105, 131, 180, 227, 252, 262, 275, 298, 350, 370, 390, 430 n. 46, 437 n. 13
Chrysopolis
237
Church of St. Sophia
106, 404, 422, 443 n. 45, 449
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
163 n. 43, 168, 170 n. 13
Jerusalem, Kakames
Church (Ekklesia)
body of Christ
125
Cilicia
233, 271
circumcision
195, 282 n. 32, 299, 317, 369 n. 48, 374, 407 n. 18, 491, 510
Constans II, Emperor (641–668)
9, 244, 247 n. 58, 251, 264 n. 31, 265, 271
Constans Kalamaris
485 n. 40, 512
Constantia of Cyprus
conquest (649)
271
Constantine I, Emperor (324–337)
146, 163 n. 43, 411, 411 n. 29, 501
Constantine V, Emperor (741–775)
120, 281, 293, 322 n. 58, 354, 366 n. 39, 369 n. 52, 418
Peūseis (Inquiries)
418
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
34, 107, 196
Constantine Acropolites (1217–1282)
10, 189 n. 37, 323 n. 63, 333 n. 29, 451–461
Constantinople
103, 119, 129 n. 73, 151 n. 43, 154, 159, 219, 234, 239, 249, 265 n. 40, 274, 342, 351, 351 n. 107, 365, 404, 453, 460, 478, 486 n. 44, 500 n. 21
assault against (670)
271
fall of (1453)
106
siege (674–679)
271, 364
siege (717–718)
119, 278, 338
occupation (Latin 1204–61)
459
Cos
271
Cosmas of Maiumā (ca. 674–ca. 751)
276, 276 n. 1, 278 n. 14, 282, 309, 311 n. 23, 328, 330, 331 n. 19, 333, 334, 341, 342, 361, 363 n. 25, 367, 367 n. 42
Cosmas the Sicilian (ca. 664)
282, 294, 310 n. 15, 333, 335 n. 35, 338, 344, 362
Councils
Constantinople (381)
218 n. 5
Constantinople (553)
218 n. 5
Constantinople (754), Iconoclastic
418
Constantinople (1110–1111)
441
Chalcedon (451)
60, 100, 218 n. 5, 262, 299, 386 n. 14
Ephesus (431)
218 n. 5, 386 n. 14
Hiereia, Iconoclastic
362, 296
Lateran IV (1215)
38
Nicea I (325)
218 n. 5
Nicea (787)
430
Crete
236, 270, 271, 278, 279 n. 19, 282, 310, 322 n. 57, 338, 411 n. 29, 426, 455
Crusades and crusaders
119, 121 n. 20, 221, 227, 258, 323
I
34
II
35
IV
35, 37, 119, 287, 433
crypto-Christians
416 n. 40
Cyclades
455, 458
Cyrus of Alexandria
143, 241, 262
Damascus
4, 89, 131, 143, 143 n. 11, 144, 145 n. 20, 155, 157, 160 n. 33, 179, 195, 224, 226, 233 n. 74, 260, 266, 274, 286, 287, 295 n. 25, 329, 330, 339, 352, 355, 359, 360, 364 n. 32, 399, 406 n. 17
dār al-harb
425
dār al-islām
124, 308, 425
Demetrios Cydones (ca. 1324–ca. 1400)
99, 200, 478
Demetrius Chomatianos, Archbishop of Ochrid (1217–1235)
38
dhikr
66, 86 n. 4, 129, 324, 392 n. 45, 394, 400, 412 n. 32
dhimmis
101–102, 342, 418
dīn
13, 122
al-fitrah
13
Ibrahīm
14, 432, 450
Illāhi
13
Dionysius of Tell Maḥre
150
Docetism
377
Dome on the Rock
268 n. 57
Dragamestos
457
Dyrrachion
458
economia (divine dispensation)
259, 313
ecstasy
408 n. 21
Edessa
76, 102 n. 17, 187, 226 n. 41, 229, 274, 386, 394
eirmos, hymn
342
Elias bar Shināya, Bishop of Nisibis
145 n. 19, 161 n. 36
Ephesus
270
epidosis
480 n. 18, 503 n. 29
Epiphanius of Salamis
302 nn. 62 64, 303, 318 n. 43, 332
Eucharist
68, 111, 216, 282 n. 32, 409, 409 n. 25, 418, 419
Eustathios Argyros
471
Euthymios (907–912)
465
Euthymios monachos
198
Euthymios Zygabenos (1050–1120)
36, 99
Eutychius Saʿīd Ibn Baṭrīq see Saʿīd Ibn Baṭrīq
Fakhr al-dīn al-Rāzī (1149–1209)
22
fāliha
400
falsafah
285
fanāʾ
110, 417
Fatimids
85, 129, 346
Fileremos
90
filioque
35, 449, 450
fitr
14, 91, 126, 378
Forakids
387, 393
Four books, The [Torah, Psalms, Gospel, Qur’ān]
513 n. 64
freedom of will
,
see αὐτεξούσιον
Gabitha
263
Gabriel, angel
62, 64, 79, 81
Gennadius Scholarius II, Patriarch (1454–56, 1463, 1464–65)
46, 169 n. 7
George Cedrenos
198, 278 n. 13,
George, eparch of Africa
244–245, 255
George Hamartolos (9th c.)
45, 99, 195, 198 n. 98
George of Reshʿaina
236
George of Tanūkh, bishop (724)
337
George Sphrantzes (1401–1478)
45
Germanus I of Constantinople (715–730)
276 n. 1
geron
205, 205 n. 7
Ghassānids
154, 222, 257
gnofos
110
Gnostics
428
God’s 99 most beautiful
324
gospels and the Hadith
49 n. 3
Gregory Asbestas, Archbishop of Syracuse (d.880)
429
Gregory Decapolites (780/790–842)
9, 109, 111, 194, 198 n. 98, 459
Sermon
98
Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 329–c. 390)
63, 341, 342, 349
Gregory Palamas (1296–1360)
4, 4 n. 9, 10, 11, 106, 108, 109, 150 n. 38, 169 n. 10, 395, 453, 460, 471 n. 36, 476–494, 495–519
Habīb b. Hidma Abū Rāʾita
349
Hadīth
49 n. 3, 53, 63, 71, 78, 83, 96, 120, 131 n. 80, 167 n. 60, 205, 354 n. 115, 358 n. 1, 363 n. 26, 388, 392, 398
Hagia Sophia Patriarchal School
404
hajj
121, 129, 284–285, 369, 369 n. 50, 400
Hanafites
61
haraj
171
Hārūn al-Rashīd, Caliph (786–809)
266, 283
Hasan al-Basrī (d. 728)
301, 325, 374, 412 n. 30
haul
129
Heliopolis
253
Hellenism
348, 356
Heraclius, Emperor (610–641)
9, 102 n. 17, 121, 142, 143, 152, 154, 157–9, 167, 190, 218–235, 237, 238–40, 244, 250–4, 258–60, 265, 339, 356 n. 122, 386 n. 14, 479 n. 15
hesychasm
109, 109 n. 42, 395, 454
hijrah
15, 63
hikma
123
Himerios
471
Hishām, Caliph (724–43)
330, 368, 419
holosphyros, (ὁλόσφυρος )
433 n. 1, 434
horos
128
Hours, monastic five daily prayers
95 n. 40, 96, 342
apodeipnon, mesonycticon, orthros, vespers
Iba of Edessa (435–49, 451–57)
386 n. 14
Ibn al-Kalbi, Hisham (d. 821/2)
296, 371
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa
486
Ibn Hanbal (d. 855)
387
Ibn Hazm
377
Ibn Ishāq’s Sīra
71 n. 4
Ibn Khaldūn
486
Ibn Kullab
61
Ibn Kuttāb (d.240/854)
59
Ibn Saʿd (764–845)
78, 93
Ibn Sīrin (d.110/728)
412 n. 30
Ibn Taymiyya (d.1328)
60
Iconoclasm
100, 276, 277, 279, 285, 287, 293, 313, 314, 316, 321, 321 n. 55, 323, 337, 344, 352, 359, 365, 366, 370, 405, 419, 429
ijma
128
Ikhwān as-Safāʾ
85, 127, 346
imām
400
Imr al-Qais
86
Ioseph Bryennios (ca. 1340–1430)
459
Irenopolis of Dekapolis
404
ʿIsā b. Sabīh al-Murdār
349
ishāʾ
148
Ishāq b. al-Husayn
119
islām
13, 126–127
Islam
and Arianism
372
and Nestorianism
372
as “heresy”
6
as Christian heresy
105
as paganism
5
as the “anti-Christ”
106
as theosēveia
109
God’s unity
373
monastic character
85
the forerunner of the Antichrist
308, 365
the religion of the Ishmaelites
5
Shiʿa
Islamic
Christology
373
circumcision
374
polygamy
373
prohibitions
374
jabr
22
Jabrite-Qadarite-Muʿtazilite debate
374
Jabrites
301
Jabriyah
22
Jacobites
171, 227, 231, 262, 342, 349, 363, 449
Jahiliyya
127, 371
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Rūmī (1207–73/4)
37
James the Neobaptist
272
jamiʿ
129
Jerusalem
capitulation (638)
141, 144–146, 152, 154, 162, 167–169, 224, 274, 169 n. 8, 178 n. 34, 205 n. 6
Kakames (Church of the Resurrection)
170
Persian conquest
155
Jesus and Islam
9, 59, 60, 63, 64, 66, 71, 72, 74, 76, 78, 82–4, 92–3, 104, 127, 131, 170, 171 n. 13, 263 n. 28, 268, 282, 314, 319, 370, 373 n. 72, 391, 393, 399, 403, 410, 412 n. 32, 415, 450, 468–70, 471, 484, 487, 489, 490 n. 55, 491–4, 515, 516
Jihad
44, 109, 116, 121
John Cantacuzenos (1341–1355)
431, 441
John Doucas (ca. 1400–62/70)
45
John Mercouropoulos, Patriarch of Jerusalem (1156–66)
330, 337 n. 44, 343
John Moschus (c. 550–619)
5, 90, 148 n. 32, 153–4, 262, 316 n. 36
Leimon
90 n. 16, 92, 174–5, 89, 203 n. 1, 203 n. 2, 222, 266
John of Damascus (ca. 650–ca. 749)
109, 243, 276 , 291
accusations by the Iconoclasts
325
“conspirator against the Empire”
293
“Saracen-minded”
292
Disputatio Saraceni et Christiani
319
Education
363
Fount of Knowledge
300, 332
in the Umayyad court
364
mamzer (bastard)
293
on Islam
296, 368
on Islamic Christology
103
Syrian Arab
359
works, critical edition
358
John of Nikiou, bishop of Upper Egypt (7th c.)
6, 252–3, 264, 267, 360 n. 6
John of the Ladder [Klimakos] (d.ca. 649)
93, 412, 412 n. 32
John the Baptist
106, 341
John the Chamberlain
242, 247, 248
John V Palaeologus, Emperor (1341–1391)
476, 495
John VI Cantacouzenos, Emperor (1347–1354)
39, 199, 441
John VI, Patriarch of Jerusalem (838–842)
429
John Xiphilinos (d. after 1081)
129 n. 73
Joseph Vryennius (ca. 1350–ca. 1431/38)
44
jumʿa
128, 129
Justinian (527–565)
178 n. 31, 185 n. 15, 191, 261, 333, 345 n. 83, 364 n. 33, 411 n. 29
Kaʿba
62, 284, 299
Χαβαθά
320
Kafar
171
Kailiya
60
kalām
24, 59–60, 128, 285, 300, 350, 355, 371, 389 n. 26
kalima
49, 56, 128, 431
kalima ̉ l illāhi
24
shahādah
Kallinicos, “Greek fire”
271
Kallipolis (Gallipoli)
476, 479, 495, 495 n. 3, 500 n. 21
Kallistos I, Patriarch of Constantinople (1350–54, 1355–63)
453
karamāt
130
kasb and iktisab
22, 319
kawl
60
Khadījah
25, 397
Khagan of the Avars
227
Khālid b. al-Walīd
17, 144, 158, 172 n.19, 223, 252, 274, 293, 364
Khalifa
15
Khan el Amar
208 n. 21
Kharāj
402
Kharijites
58, 293
Kitāb
22, 65, 66, 204 n. 3
ahl al-Kitāb
63, 152, 167 n. 60, 514 n. 64
Kontakion
341
lafz
56, 57
lailat al-qadr
14
Lakhmids
154, 222
Lampsakos
480, 481 n. 21, 501, 503 n. 29
Leo III, Emperor, the “Isaurian” (717–741)
277, 364, 420
Leo VI the Wise (886–912)
10, 108, 191, 462, 464
tetragamy
465
Vasilika or Exavivlos
128
Lizikians
429
Logos theology
51–2, 55–58, 61, 65, 218, 324, 384, 449 n. 73
Qur’an as the Logos
logothetes
295, 305, 451, 451 n. 2
Lychnicon, the lamp-lighting Hour
342
Lycia
271
maghrib
148 n. 31, 149
Maligna
270
Mālik b. Anas (710–795)
390
Manichaeism
314, 318, 318 n. 43, 319, 319 n. 47, 394, 421, 422, 429, 430, 435 n. 9
Mansūr ibn Sargūn
20, 160 n. 33, 224, 292, 293, 338, 360, 364 n. 32
Manuel I Comnenus, Emperor (1143–1180)
35, 421, 433 n. 1,435
Manuel II Paleologus, Emperor (1391–1425)
43, 99, 442
Manuel-Maximus Planoudes (ca. 1255–ca. 1305)
39
Manzikert, battle of (1071)
448 n. 67
Markellos Sketiotes
211
Maronites
171
martyrdom
413 n. 35
The sixty martyrs of Gaza
144
Marwān I (684–685)
312
Mary
375 n. 78, 404, 410, 416, 469 n. 27, 504
and Islam
49 n. 3, 64, 65, 83, 92, 373 n. 72, 391, 393, 489
and Muhammad
49 n. 3
the Theotokos
489
masjid
119, 129
Maslamah, Yazīd II’s brother
119, 278, 338
Massalians
22
Maurice, Emperor
228
mawalis
128
Maximus the Confessor (580–662)
9, 230 n. 63, 236–55, 262, 264, 265, 266, 327, 348 n. 94
mazif
177
mesonycticon
96
Methodius Patriarch (843–7)
425
metochia (monastic dependencies)
411 n. 29
Michael II Traulos, Emperor (820–829)
452
Michael III Patriarch (1170–1177)
449
Michael Psellos (1018–after 1081)
129 n. 73
Michael, Archbishop of Athens (1182–1204)
433 n. 1
Michael the Syrian, Patriarch of Antioch (1166–1199)
103 n. 17, 283
mimbar
400
Miriam, Muhammad’s “Egyptian” wife
399
melismos (lit., dismemberment)
409 n. 23
Modestus Patriarch of Jerusalem (632–634)
154, 227
Monasteries and lavras
St. Catherine’s
129 n. 75, 296, 345, 411 n. 29
St. Chariton’s
236
St. Euthymios
208 n. 21
St. Gerasimos
208
St. Hyacinth
511
St. Sabbas (Mar Sabba)
109, 322, 323, 325 n. 69, 331, 332, 334, 342, 343, 345, 345 n. 80 n. 82, 346, 353, 355
St. Theodosius
148 n. 32
Studios monastery
404
Theoctistos monastery
210
Monasticism, Pachomian cenobiticism
388
Monoenergetism
154, 240–241, 262
Monophysitism
143, 219, 227, 231, 240, 244, 245, 252, 263, 286, 448
Monothelitism
9, 143, 154, 158, 219, 221, 225, 229n. 57, 230 n. 63, 231–234, 233 n. 71, 237, 241, 247, 262, 263 n. 29, 264
Moses
71, 72 nn. 6, 7, 75, 76, 106, 177, 178 n. 31, 272, 370, 373 n. 72, 483 n. 31, 491, 492 n. 63, 505, 507, 510–1, 513, 513 n. 64, 514–5
mosques
116 n. 2, 119, 149, 164, 268, 268 nn. 56, 56
Mt. Athos
453, 503 n. 32
Muʿawiyah
20, 34, 120, 271, 294, 312
muezzin
146
muhalil
470 n. 32
Muhammad
5, 6, 30, 59, 65, 71 n. 4
and monasticism
411 n. 29
and monks’ miracles
93 n. 28
as the “forerunner of the anti-Christ”
106
ascension to heaven (miʿrāj)
81, 394
foretold in the Gospel
492
genealogy
393
heresiarch
6
miracles
70, 78, 93 n. 28
illiteracy
64
Night of Power and Excellence
62, 64, 155, 399
Sirat (Vita)
93
splitting of his breast
80
Muhammad b. al-Said al-Kalbi (d. 763)
297, 360, 371
muʾjizat
130
Mujir ad-Din
166
mukhannathūn
215
Murjiʿites
293, 301, 374
mushrikūn
297, 299, 372
muslim
14, 91, 124
Muslims
“ὁ ἐρημικός Ἀμαλήκ ”
9
“Associators”
50
“atheists”
262, 268
Arians
262
calendar
63
conquests
106
Coptae (mutilators)
297, 299
Nestorians
262
mutakallimūn
24, 346, 349, 371
Muʿtazilites
22, 24, 52, 56, 59, 61, 100, 104, 118, 286, 293, 297 n. 34, 300, 325, 349, 355 n. 119, 372 n. 63, 374, 375, 377, 390, 398
myron
460
myrovlete saint
452
nabi
71, 397
rasul
Nectarios, Patriarch of Jerusalem
151, 163, 164 n. 45, 452
Negus of Ethiopia
122, 213, 368
Nemesius of Emesa (4th c.)
318
neomartyrs
144, 160 n. 33, 224
neselamin, (muslims)
200
muslim
Nestorianism
99 n. 10, 103, 131 n. 80, 229 n. 57, 279 n. 20, 297–8, 320, 363, 364, 372, 386, 387, 393, 396, 428, 469 n. 27
New Testament
52–4, 84, 120, 126, 128, 131 n. 79, 180, 297, 372, 468
Nicene Creed
53, 298, 298 n. 44, 372, 434 n. 7, 469 n. 27
Nicephorus Gregoras (ca. 1290/ 1–1358/61)
40, 452, 486, 486 n45
Nicephorus II Focas (963–969)
121
Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople (806–815)
151, 404
Nicetas Choniates (ca. 1155–ca. 1215/6)
7, 99, 199–200, 321, 421, 432–433, 433, 448 n. 67
Nicetas of Byzantium (ca. 842–912)
99, 105, 194, 196 n. 85, 197 n. 98, 203 n. 1, 321, 386, 421, 438–439, 441
Nicholas Mysticos, Patriarch (901–907, 912–925)
3, 104, 107, 108, 111, 119, 196, 462, 465, 466
Nikopolis of Epirus
453, 456, 458
Nitrian oasis (Wadi Natrūn)
211
Oasis of Pharan
178
Orkhan, emir
477, 478, 481, 481 n. 20, 482, 482 n. 23 n. 24, 484, 486 n. 45, 489, 490, 498, 503 n. 31
Orthros (Matins)
96, 342
Hours
Palladius, Lausaic History
94, 174, 205 n. 8
Panoplia Dogmatica
198, 199, 441
Paraclete
126, 492 n. 6
Ahmad
Passover
510
Pegai
480, 481 n. 21, 502, 503 n. 29
Pentarchy
143, 154, 231, 338
Pergamos
270
Peter of Maiumā (d. 743)
279, 283, 328, 365 n. 38
Peter, strategos of Numidia
238, 240, 251
Philo of Alexandria (30 BC–ca. AD45)
56–7
Philotheos Kokkinos, Patriarch of Constantinople (1354–55, 1364–76)
452, 477 n. 4, 477 n.n. 5, 482 n. 24, 486, 487 n. 49, 495 n. 1, 496
Phocas, Emperor (602–610)
220 n. 14, 221, 226, 226 n. 40, 229, 258, 259 n. 9
Phoenix
264 n. 33, 271
Photius, Patriarch (858–867, 877–886)
7, 108, 191, 196, 318 n. 43, 422, 430 n. 50, 435 n. 9, 462
Pope Benedict VI
43
Pope Calixtus II (1168–1178)
449
Pope Eugene II (824–827)
455
Pope Honorius I (625–638)
143, 154, 230, 230 n. 63, 262
Pope Innocent III (1198–1216)
38
Procopios of Nazianzus
168, 170 n. 13, 171 n. 13, 172 n. 22, 182 n. 3, 189, 189 n. 37, 222, 222 n. 21, 229, 457 n. 32
Prusa (Bursa)
481, 481 n. 21, 485 n. 40, 503, 512
Pseudo-Methodius of Patara
6, 273, 279 n. 20, 365 n. 36
Pythion
482 n. 23
qadar
22, 23, 59, 319, 375, 378
αὐτεξούσιον
Qadariyah and Qadarites
22, 300, 301, 319, 325, 355 n. 119, 374, 375, 398
qalam
64
Qāsirīn
260
qibla
143, 157
Qur’ān (al-Qur’ān = the Recital)
63, 66, 67
and anthropomorphism
375
as Furqan
29, 58
as qeryana
68
as the Logos
59, 64, 65, 376, 384, 519
Christ and the Qurʾān
49 n. 3
created or uncreated
100
Islamic doctrine
375
miracles in
71
Muhammad’s “sign”
73
names of
65
references to monks
428
the “Word of God”
62
the Last Testament
126
the miraculous character of
73 n. 9
the sign of God’s power
65
Quraish
72, 79, 366 n. 41, 393
Qusayr Amrah
368
Rabīʿ al-awwal
130, 172, 253
Rajab
253
Ramadan
62
Rashidūn
89, 216
rasūl
71, 397
nabi
razzia
4
religion
3–12, 58, 69, 77 n. 18, 94, 103 n. 19, 108, 122, 200, 217, 312, 365 n. 37
Rhodes
270, 271
Ricardo de Monte Cruce
200
ridda
415 n. 40
Roderick Visigothic King of Spain
368
Romanos I Lekapenos, Emperor (920–944)
406 n. 17, 464, 466, 467, 472, 475
Romanos the Melodist (d. after 555)
276 n. 1 n. 2, 328 n. 7, 340, 341 n. 63
Rūm [the Byzantines]
18, 95, 118, 120, 123, 127, 183 n. 5, 257 n. 7, 259, 272 n. 75, 278, 364 n. 32, 480 n. 15
Saʿīd b. al-Batrīq, Patriarch of Alexandria (933–940/1)
18, 25, 145, 145 n. 22, 162, 162 n. 38, 166
Sabbath
271 n. 72, 299, 341 n. 61, 369 n. 48, 374, 407 n. 18, 510
salāt
55, 68, 95
Salih, prophet and warner of Thamud
299, 369 n. 49
sāmad
27, 385 n. 9, 421, 436, 437, 438, 438 n. 23, 440, 441
ὁλόσφυρος
Samarqandī
22
Samauʾal al-Maghribī (c. 1130–1175)
427 n. 30
Samonas, Archbishop of Gaza
197
Sargūn b. Mansūr
17, 274, 360, 362 n. 19
Sergius I Patriarch (610–638)
143, 154, 158, 218, 219, 225 n. 37, 226 n. 40, 228, 229, 230–4, 262, 269 n. 59
shahādah
424 n. 12, 431
kalima
Sharīʿa
128, 387, 388, 390
sharqiyyūn
4, 182
shaṭḥiyyāt (ecstatic utterances)
408 n. 21
Shehinah
55
Shiʿa
86, 284 n. 36, 364, 369 n. 50
Sicily
261 n. 24, 264 n. 31, 279 n. 19, 455, 455 n. 19 n. 22, 457, 458
Sīrat rasūl Allāh
14, 62 n. 41, 93, 94, 96, 121, 122, 128 n. 65, 392
Smyrna
271
Sophronius, Patriarch of Jerusalem (634–638)
chs. VIII and IX, 98, 122, 142, 144, 146–50, 147 n. 25, 152–4, 156, 158, 164, 189, 218, 219, 231–2, 237 n. 3, 241, 283, 327, 333, 338, 341, 343
Sozomenos
186, 187 n. 23, 192, 192 n. 58, 206 n. 13
St. Anthony of Egypt
89, 395
St. Barbaros
189 n. 37, 451, 452 n. 10, 453–5, 459, 460 n. 46, 461
St. Demetrianus of Cyprus
107, 196
St. Demetrios of Thessalonike
460
St. George
Muslim veneration of
407 n. 18
St. Luke the Younger Stiriotes
461 n. 49
St. Martha abbess of Monembasia
461 n. 49
St. Nicon “ho Metanoeite”, (ca. 930–ca. 1000)
322, 426, 461 n. 49
St. Pelagia the Harlot
4, 187, 188 n. 28
St. Peter of Argos (ca. 850–ca. 920)
452 n. 10, 455 n. 22, 456 n. 23, 461, 461 n. 49
St. Stephen the protomartyr
144, 160 n. 33, 224, 226 n. 40
St. Symeon the Stylite
7, 91, 186 n. 19, 206 n. 12, 208 n. 26, 214
Stephen of Alexandria
210 n. 36, 273
strategos
405, 420
ṣubh
148, 148 n. 31, 162 n. 41
Sufism
86, 89, 109, 127, 130, 301, 325 n. 69, 369 n. 50, 388, 408 n. 21, 417
Surah
68, 172 n. 21, 399
I al-Fātihah (“The Opening”)
68, 172 n. 21, 399
II al-Baqarah (“The Cow”)
5 n. 12, 21, 299
IV al-Nisā (“Women”)
263 n. 28
V al Mā’idah (“The Table Spread”)
5 n. 10, 299, 398
VIII al-Anfāl (“The Spoils of War”)
438 n. 23
IX al-Taubah (“Repentance”)
92 n. 27
XVI al-Nahl (“The Bee”)
263 n. 28
XXIV al-Nūr (“Light”)
87
XXX al-Rūm (“The Romans” i.e. Byzantines)
18, 95, 118, 272 n. 75
XCVI al-‘Alaq (“The Clot”)
21
CXII al-Tawhīd (“The Unity”)
21, 27, 52, 57, 61, 180, 263 n. 28, 298, 373, 375, 421, 436–8
Symeon Metaphrastes
7, 188 n. 35, 451
Symeon of Thessalonike (d. 1429)
442
Symeon Logothetes
451
synagogue
94, 96, 268
synaxarion
129
syntaxis
433, 435
tafsīr
67, 399
Tāhā Husayn
84 n. 45
tahlil
470 n. 32
tahrīf
50, 126, 127 n. 59, 180, 315, 397, 492, 514 n. 65
Takin, emir at Damascus (915–919)
467
tanzil ’l-Kitāb
66
Tarasios, Patriarch of Constantinople (784–806)
404
Taronites
478, 482, 484, 485, 490, 491, 497, 498, 505
tasimanes
484, 486, 512, 513, 531, 514
tasmiyah
129
Tenedos
476, 479, 495, 499, 500
thema (pl. themata)
295, 405 n. 14, 453, 456, 458
Theodore, Heraclius’ brother
157
Theodosios, Grammaticos (8th c.)
276
Theodore, Mantzoukis
446
Theophanes, the Confessor (ca. 755–ca. 817)
6, 130 n. 78, 150, 155, 158, 163, 190, 198, 222, 230, 233, 266, 283, 366 n. 39, 419
Theodore, Valsamon (d. 1199)
430
theophany
63
Theophilos, Emperor (829–842)
405
Theophilos of Edessa
150
Theophylactos, Patriarch (931–956)
462
Theophylactos Simocates
229
theoseveia
519
theosis
110, 321, 519
and fanāʾ
110
Theotokos
278, 323, 326, 341, 386, 489, 504
Thomas Aquinas
378 n. 87
Thomas of Claudiopolis
284
Timothy, Patriarch of Baghdad
107
Trinity
Trinitarian controversies
61
Trinitarian theology
60
troparion hymn
341
Trypho, Patriarch of Constantinople (928–931)
462
Theology
as experience
378
Turks
chs. XXVIII, XXIX
“Achaemenids” or Persians
201, 479 n. 15
Osmanli
476, 478
ʿUmar I Ibn al-Khattāb, Caliph (634–644)
chs. VIII, IX, X, 15, 89, 205 n.6
ʿUmar II, Caliph (717–720)
365
ʿUmarian
268 n. 56
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
278, 327
ummah islamiyya
14, 88, 124
ʿUthmān, Caliph (644–656)
58, 89
Vespers
96, 129, 342
Wahb. b. Kaisan
62
Walid I, Caliph (705–715)
295, 312
Walid II, Caliph (743–744)
283
Waraqah
93
Wāsil b. ʿAtāʾ (d. 749)
325, 375, 377
Wasiya (Testament)
60
wazir
467
wudūʾ
396
Yarmuk
263, 270
battle of (637)
17, 144, 158, 172 n.19, 223, 252, 274, 293, 364
Yazīd I, Caliph (680–683)
20, 295, 305, 362 n.19, 364, 435
Yazīd II, Caliph (720–724)
130 n.78, 277, 278, 312, 338, 359, 419
Yūhannā b. Māsawayh (d. 857)
337
Zachariah, Patriarch of Jerusalem (609–632)
155, 157, 226, 227, 23
zāhid (abstinence)
394
Zaid, Muhammad’s cousin
470 n. 31
zakāt
92, 489
zindig
75
Zoroastrian/ism
236, 264, 500
zuhd
394
ẓuhūr
149
Kλίσμα (Suez)
210