Figures | ||
1.1 | Research design of the comparative study (Ben-Zvi et al., 1976; Hofstein, 1975). | 9 |
3.1 | First iteration (10th grade) ‘learning units’ (translated from Hebrew). | 57 |
3.2 | Teacher’s view: ‘Chemistry Online’ meta-course (translated from Hebrew). | 57 |
3.3 | Student’s view: 3-year ‘Chemistry Online’ (translated from Hebrew). | 57 |
4.1 | Display of molecular models in Jmol for students answering the following question that appears in the IPNS task: “Before you are three different display options of the same protein. Which of these options displays the protein structure as it is in reality?”. | 83 |
5.1 | The first stage of the ESE Group’s evolution. | 94 |
5.2 | The milestones of the ESE Group’s evolution during the 1990s. | 97 |
5.3 | The milestones of the ESE Group’s evolution during the first decade of the 21st century. | 99 |
5.4 | The systems thinking hierarchy (STH) model. | 100 |
5.5 | The emergence of the emotional axis. | 101 |
5.6 | The development of the emotional–social well-being axis. | 103 |
5.7 | The intersection of the research directions of the ESE Group to construct the learning instinct theory. | 104 |
6.1 | Components of science education. | 117 |
6.2 | LSS skill areas and examples of activities. | 119 |
6.3 | LSS CPD program for teachers: three-level model. | 122 |
6.4 | Complex performance task “Update Report”. | 124 |
8.1 | Illustrative representations of an open phrase (a) and an open sentence (b) in the Rehovot Program’s grade 7 beginning algebra book. | 166 |
8.2 | Example of a Links worksheet (Decimals). | 168 |
8.3 | The Grilled Fish activity. | 170 |
8.4 | The Placing Dice activity – “sensing” the concept of a straight line. | 171 |
8.5 | The Breaking a Stick game – “sensing” the triangle inequality. | 171 |
8.6 | The Road Sign activity – promoting a “mathematical gaze” at the world. | 172 |
8.7 | The Savings activity. | 175 |
8.8 | The Improving Grades activity. | 176 |
8.9 | A sequence of 3U tasks – Part One. | 180 |
8.10 | Possible positions of three lines on a plane. | 180 |
8.11 | A sequence of 3U tasks – Part Two. | 181 |
8.12 | Example of a number sequence problem. | 181 |
8.13 | A student’s solution of a number sequence problem. | 182 |
8.14 | Create a Quiz – an integrative task. | 184 |
8.15 | Fruit Salad – a multiple solution task. | 185 |
8.16 | Two Solutions – an error-detection task. | 185 |
9.1 | Equation of the straight line through points A and O. | 194 |
9.2 | A student’s innovative solution. | 198 |
9.3 | Example of a MesiMatica assessment task. | 207 |
9.4 | Example of a MesiMatica assessment chart. | 208 |
9.5 | Excerpt from a MesiMatica follow-up teaching activity. | 209 |
11.1 | Teachers’ views of strategies and habits of mind related to the practice of experimental design by physicists in research laboratories and students in the instructional laboratory. Frequency distribution. | 242 |
11.2 | The “Fan Model” used in the PLCs program. | 243 |
11.3 | Experimental setups used in a sample RIL. | 244 |
12.1 | The various stages of action research. | 271 |
12.2 | PLC cascade model (from Mamlok-Naaman et al., 2018). | 282 |
13.1 | The initial hierarchical model of the S&T PLC program. | 293 |
13.2 | Graphical representation of the Escape Box story. | 297 |
13.3 | The ice-water glass. | 298 |
13.4 | Student A’s drawings: the microscopic structure of substances inside the ice-water glass. | 299 |
13.5 | Graphic representation tracing the knowledge transmission path in the Ice-Water Glass story. | 299 |
13.6 | The Network Model: paths of knowledge transmission among S&T PLCs. | 300 |
13.7 | S&T PLCs’ knowledge-transmission model: from Initial Model (see Figure 13.1) to a Network Model (see Figure 13.6). | 301 |
14.1 | The development of VIDEO-LM over time. | 308 |
14.2 | Description of the six-lens framework (SLF). | 310 |
14.3 | The meta-lenses framework (MLF). | 316 |
14.4 | The six-lens framework (SLF) and the meta-lenses framework (MLF): a double-level framework (Karsenty et al., in press). | 322 |
15.1 | Sample problem used in RBMC project, 2020. | 353 |
16.1 | Graduate-perceived contribution of the program (N = 72). | 373 |
16.2 | Positions held by program graduates in their school and in the educational system (n = 120). | 375 |
Tables | ||
1.1 | Inquiry-type chemistry laboratories (Hofstein et al., 2004). | 14 |
1.2 | Scales and description of SLEI (from Fraser et al., 1993, reprinted with permission). | 15 |
1.3 | Levels (ranked 1–4 with 4 being highest) of arguments in the inquiry chemistry laboratory (based on Erduran et al., 2004). | 19 |
1.4 | Criteria for sorting complex/simple experiments (Katchevitch et al., 2013). | 19 |
3.1 | Design principles for development of the virtual environment. | 53 |
3.2 | The initial course features. | 54 |
3.3 | Categorization of students’ feedback indicating a need for design changes. | 60 |
3.4 | Design changes made in the course. | 61 |
4.1 | The various knowledge elements and the theoretical frameworks used for the analyses of learning and teaching using authentic bioinformatics databases and tools in two different learning environments. | 77 |
4.2 | Combing two theoretical frameworks to represent the knowledge required to learn using Jmol. | 81 |
5.1 | Comparison between traditional science teaching and earth systems teaching. | 105 |
6.1 | LSS instructional model. | 118 |
6.2 | Student performance on the complex performance task “Update Report”. | 125 |
8.1 | Areas of concern in curriculum design and corresponding example projects. | 163 |
11.1 | A comparison between the two PD programs. | 238 |
11.2 | RP-PD design example: supporting teachers in presenting research project topics. | 251 |
11.3 | Student teams and research topics mentored by the selected participants. | 252 |
12.1 | Teachers’ attitudes regarding how the action research workshop contributed to their work (n = 10). | 272 |
13.1 | Characteristics of teachers’ PLCs. | 292 |
13.2 | Learning communities for middle-school S&T teachers. | 294 |
13.3 | PLC meeting: Recurring structure. | 295 |
13.4 | The 4-levels Collaboration Model. | 296 |
16.1 | Multilevel boundary-crossing framework (from Akkerman & Bruining, 2016). | 371 |