Index
Heads of state and church have the dates of their reigns in parenthesis. Historical figures are followed by their death date. Modern authors do not have any additional information. Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
Aba (fl. 7th cent.)
687
Aba I (r. 540-552)
130
Abālish (heretic)
773-775
Abān al-Lāḥiqī (d. ca. 815)
429, 431
Abaqa (r. 1265-1282)
11, 293, 301
Abate, E.
743n56
Abba Arikha (d. 247)
745
Abba ben Joseph bar Ḥama (Rava) (d. 352)
128-129
al-ʿAbbās (son of al-Maʾmūn) (d. 838)
160
ʿAbbāsid caliphs
ʿAbbāsid dynasty/caliphate; ʿAbbāsid caliphs
in general
26-28
Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī on
826-827
burial places of
8, 76, 173
court of. see ʿAbbāsid court
duration of reigns of
184-185, 185
(not) dying in Baghdād
47, 59, 98
harems of
414
influence on society of
411
Medinan scholars and
522-529
military activities of see military activities
al-Miṣrī on
411
pilgrimages of
524-526
poetry and
428-429
privacy of
412
sharing rule with son(s)
in general
181
Hārūn al-Rashīd
155-156
al-Mahdī
153
al-Manṣūr
151-152
al-Muʿtaḍid
174
al-Muʿtaṣim
161-162
al-Mutawakkil
165
al-Muwaffaq
170-171
sponsoring by
82, 251, 412, 524, 525, 526, 538, 564, 574
as supreme commanders
146, 150
Ṭughril Beg and
231, 232-233
ʿAbbāsid court
ʿAbbāsid dynasty/caliphate
in general
26-28, 829
Baghdād’s prosperity and
317
boon companions at see boon companions
caliphs at see ʿAbbāsid caliphs
courtiers at
418-423
literary salons at
491-493
physicians at
713, 715, 718
poetry and
428-429
rivalry between bureaucrats and soldiers at
416-418
scholars/litterateurs at
440-441, 442
women at
413-415
ʿAbbāsid dynasty/caliphate
administration of
233-234
ʿAbbāsid officials/bureaucrats
ʿAlids and
147, 158, 179n149, 267, 617-618
astronomy/astrology and
98-100, 466, 491, 539n14, 564, 580, 715
Ayyūbid dynasty and
268
Barmakid dynasty and
154, 416
Būyid dynasty and
202-203
Byzantine Empire and
in general
365
ʿAbbāsid campaigns against
154, 164, 176, 187, 342, 345-349
diplomatic exchanges between
352-353, 352, 356, 360-361, 409
intellectual competition between
350-351, 352-354, 356
mobility between
359
at Taurus frontier
345-349, 358
caliphs of see ʿAbbāsid caliphs
Carolingian dynasty and
in general
371, 384
diplomatic missions between
372-378, 392-393
sources on
371-372
Christianity and
341-344, 355-356, 536
construction activities of see construction activities
court of. see ʿAbbāsid court
end of
267, 418, 423
founding of
143
golden age of
467-468
Ḥamdānid dynasty and
178
Ilkhanid dynasty and
267, 276-277, 278, 279, 289, 290
Khwārazm dynasty and
266-267, 288-289
legitimizing policies of
186
Mamluk dynasty and
292
military power of
of caliphs see military activities
deprived of
232, 235-236
military personnel of see military personnel/troops/armies
regaining of
236
palatial cities/complexes of see palatial cities/complexes
regnal names in see regnal names
religious policies of
see religious policies
revival of rule and authority of
173-174, 194, 228, 233-237, 265, 266, 280, 288
Saljūq dynasty and
227, 232-237
sources on
150-151, 265-266
succession in see succession
Ṣūfī school of Baghdād and
636
Ṭāhirid dynasty and
167-168, 172, 176
Tang dynasty and
399-400
Turkish commanders and
162, 164-165, 167-169, 180, 237
ʿAbbāsid officials/bureaucrats
mobility of
259
payment of
419
poetry and
433-444
rise of
444
sponsoring by
251-252, 538
“ʿAbbāsid Palace”
90-91, 91
ʿAbbāsiyya Unit
154
Abbott, Nabia
523
ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Kātib (d. 750)
443
ʿAbd al-Jabbār (d. 1025)
722
ʿAbd al-Malik (r. 685-705)
342
ʿAbd al-Masīḥ b. Buqayla (in Kūfa’s foundation story)
58
ʿAbd al-Muʾmin b. ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq al-Baghdādī (d. 1339)
813-814
ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (d. 1165/1166)
252, 253, 678
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlī b. al-Jawzī (d.1201) see Ibn al-Jawzī
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Mahdī (d. 814)
601
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III (r. 912-961)
188
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Ṣanʿānī (d. 827)
601, 611
ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Mālikī (d. 1031)
31
ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Zayd (d. 793)
641
ʿAbdallāh (envoy)
375
ʿAbdallāh b. Aḥmad (d. 903)
611
ʿAbdallāh b. al-Ḥusayn al-Khāṣibī (d. 957)
37
ʿAbdallāh b. Ibāḍ (fl. mid-8th cent.)
619
ʿAbdallāh b. al-Muʿtazz (d. 908)
175
ʿAbdallāh al-Mahdī (r. 909-934)
188
ʿAbdīshūʿ I (r. 963-986)
691, 707
ʿAbdīshūʿ II (r. 1074-1090)
699-700
ʿAbdīshūʿ III (r. 1138-1148)
700, 706
abnāʾ al-dawla (Sons of the Revolution)
28, 143, 153, 154, 156-157, 163
Abraham II (837-850)
695
Abraham III (906-937)
704
Abraham of Kashkar (d. 588)
684
Abū l-ʿAbbās see al-Saffāḥ (r. 749-754)
Abū l-ʿAbbās b. Surayj (d. 917)
217
Abū l-ʿAbbās (elephant)
375, 376, 393
Abū ʿAbdallāh b. Jarada (d. 1084)
251
Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Faḍlān (fl. 13th cent.)
747
Abū Aʿlā ʿUbayd Allāh (fl. 10th cent.)
693
Abū ʿAlī b. al-Bannāʾ al-Ḥanbalī (d. 1079)
229, 733, 746-747
Abū ʿAlī b. al-Rashīd (n.d.)
710
Abū ʿAlī Rajʾ b. Yazdānbakht (fl. 9th cent.)
775
Abū ʿAlī l-Rūdhabārī (d. 979)
670-671
Abū ʿAlī Saʿīd (fl. 8th cent.)
777
Abū l-ʿAtāhiya (d. 825)
432-433, 434-435, 442
Abū l-Bakhtarī Wahb b. Wahb (d. 815)
526-527
Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. Thābit see al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī
Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq (r. 632-634)
600
Abū l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī (d. 1164)
584, 757
Abū Bishr Mattā b. Yūnus (d. 940)
Baghdād School of Philosophers and
542n17, 547
influence on Arabic philosophy
537
inter-religious collaboration of
576
move to Baghdād of
536
pupils of
576, 719
al-Sīrāfī and
572, 577
Abū Faḍl al-Bayhaq (d. 1077)
204
Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī (d. ca. 971)
on ʿAbbāsid caliphs
826-827
on Baghdād
827-828
as boon companion
512
life of
511, 826
sponsoring of
512, 826
works of, Kitāb al-aghānī
201, 455, 511, 512, 826
Abū l-Farraj b. al-Ṭayyib (d. 1043)
714-715
Abū l-Fidāʾ Ismāʿīl b. Ayyūb al-Ḥamawī (d. 1331)
814-815
Abū Firās (d. 968)
361-362, 364
Abū Ḥāmid al-Marwarrūdhī (d. 973)
213
Abū Ḥanīfa (d. 767)
in general
32, 37, 601
shrine of
in general
8, 153, 251, 800-801, 800
school at
251, 255, 478, 800
Abū Ḥanīfa Madrasa (Baghdād)
251, 255, 478, 800
Abū l-Ḥasan Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Qaṭṭān (d. 970)
217
Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Hārūn b. ʿAlī b. Yaḥyā (d. 963/964)
420
Abū l-Ḥasan al-Qattān al-Shāfiʿī (d. 982)
218
Abū l-Ḥasan ʿUbayd Allāh b. Khāqān (d. 877)
450
Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī (d. 1023)
449
Abū l-Hudhayl (d. 841/842)
619, 629-630, 721
Abū l-ʿIbar (d. ca. 866)
433
Abū ʿĪsā Yaḥyā b. al-Munajjim (d. 912)
717
Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Aḥmad al-Marwazī (d. 951)
217
Abū Kālījār (r. 1044-1048)
230
Abū Maʿshār al-Sindī (d. 787 or 792)
526, 572-573
Abū Mikhnaf (d. 776)
443
Abū Muḥammad al-Muhallabī (d. 963)
201
Abū Mukhaffaf ʿĀdhir b. Shākir (d. after 833)
437
Abū Muslim (d. 755)
143, 147
Abū Naṣr Sābūr b. Ardashīr (d. 1025)
490
Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī (d. 1038)
657, 677
Abū Nūḥ (d. ca. 800)
724
Abū Nuwās (d. 815)
441, 442
Abū l-Qāsim al-Kaʿbī (d. 931)
658
Abū l-Qāsim Yūsuf b. Aḥmad b. Kajj (d. 1014)
218
Abū Qurra, Theodorus (d. ca. 825)
576-577, 717, 718, 724
Abū Rāʾiṭa (d. ca. 830)
724
Abū Saʿd al-Mukharramī (d. 1119)
252
Abū Saʿīd (r. 1316-1335)
296
Abū Shujāʿ b. Barhām (d. 1126)
252
Abū Tammām (d. 845/846)
160, 347-348, 364, 436, 452
Abū Thawr (d. 854)
610
Abū ʿUbayd al-Buṣrī (d. 852/853 or later)
649
Abū ʿUbayda (d. 824) (philologist)
441
Abū l-Wafāʾ al-Muhandis al-Būzajānī (d. 998)
215, 220
Abū Yazīd al-Bisṭāmī (d. 874/875 or 877/878)
659, 660
Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb al-Kūfī (d.798)
37-38, 604, 691-692, 694
Abū Zakariyyāʾ Denḥā (d. 940)
717
Abū Zayd al-Anṣārī (d. 813)
441
abuse see persecution/abuse/discrimination
Academy of Jundishapur
537, 562, 566
Achaemenid dynasty
111n2, 114-115, 116
action (ʿamal)
497
adab (cultural ideal)
in general
444, 497, 571
ʿilm and ʿamal and
497
literature
449, 450, 497-498, 826-832
Ādābʿāliml-mutaʿallim (The Rules of Conduct for Teachers and Students)
495-496
Ādāb al-dunya wa-l-dīn (The Ethics of this World and of Religion) (al-Māwardī)
498
al-Adab al-kabīr (The Great Code of Conduct) (Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ)
443
adab al-mulūk (Mirror of Princes)
497-498
Adam, creation of
609-610
Adams, Robert
132-133, 320-326, 327-329, 330
Ademar of Chabannes (fl. 11th cent.)
379
ʿAdhaym River
132
adībs (men of letters), concept of
444
scholars/litterateurs
administration of Baghdād
urban development of Baghdād
Ilkhanid
factional strife and
300
governors of
292, 293, 295, 296, 297-298, 299
judicial system
299
religious bureaucracy
298-299
structure of
292, 297-300
Ado of Vienne (fl. 9th cent.)
376
ʿAḍud al-Dawla (r. 949-983)
construction activities of
10, 219
Ibn Yumn and
717
inviting doctors to Baghdād
220, 567
physician of
713
religious policies of
694
sponsoring by
213
mention of
201, 484n40
ʿAḍudī Hospital (Baghdād)
7, 219-220, 252, 715, 820
African slaves (Zanj)
171, 329, 428
afterlife
551-552
Agent Intellect
551
Aghlabid dynasty
347, 358
agriculture
in Asoristan
132-133
in Baghdād’s hinterland
in general
1, 132-133, 302-303, 316
during ʿAbbāsid rule
329-330
climate change and
330-334
crops cultivated in
328
decline in
326, 329-330, 334
Islam and
327-328
pastoralism and
334-335
in Samarran period
322-323
in Sasanian period
324-327, 329, 334
al-Aḥkām al-sulṭāniyya (The Ordinances of Government) (al-Māwardī)
498
ahl al-ithbāt (The People of Affirmation)
624
ahl al-kitāb (The People of the Book)
692
Aḥmad b. Būya see Muʿizz al-Dawla
Aḥmad b. ʿĪsā (d. ca. 854)
36-37
Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā (fl. 10th cent.)
420
Aḥmad Tegüder (r. 1282-1284)
295
Aḥsan al-taqāsīm (The Best of Divisions) (al-Maqdisī)
818
aides-mémoire
476
ʿĀʾisha bt. Abī Bakr (d. 678)
611
ʿAjāʾib al-makhlūqāt (The Marvels of Creation) (Qazwīnī)
307
al-ʿAkawwak (d. 828)
434
akhbār (short narratives)
428
AkhbārBaghdād (The Reports about Baghdād) (Nathan the Babylonian)
734
Akhbārṭārikat kursī l-mashriq (The History of the Oriental Patriarchs) (ʿAmr b. Mattā)
229
Akhbārṭārikat ī l-mashriq (The History of the Oriental Patriarchs) (Mārī b. Sulaymān)
229
Akhbār Ṣīn wa-l-Hind (The Accounts of China and India) (Sulaymān)
401
Akhlāq al-wazīrayn (The Morals of the Two Viziers) (al-Tawḥīdī)
201
Akhlāṭiyya Hospice (Baghdād)
272
Akpınar, Mehmetcan
xxxvii, 521-529
alchemists/alchemy
345n22, 583
Alexander the Great (Dhū l-Qarnayn)
53, 61, 63
Alexandria
61, 62, 63, 544
Alflayla (One Thousand and One Nights)
371-372, 512
al-Ali, Nawar
102
al-Ali, Saba
102
ʿAlī b. al-ʿAbbās al-Majūsī (d. 994)
220, 567
ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (d. 661)
270, 485, 598, 600-602, 612
ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan b. Hibat Allāh (fl. 13th cent.)
81
ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā l-Asṭurlābī (fl. 9th cent.)
564
ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā b. al-Jarrāḥ (d. 946)
415, 419, 636, 719, 754
ʿAlī b. ʿῙsā l-Rummānī (d. 994)
213
ʿAlī b. al-Jahm (d. 863)
432, 434
ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 893)
171
ʿAlī b. Riḍwān (d. ca. 1061)
572
ʿAlī b. Yaqtīn (d. 798/799)
618
ʿAlī l-Riḍā (d. 818)
158, 179n149, 617, 618
ʿAlids
in general
244
ʿAbbāsid dynasty and
147, 158, 179n149, 267, 617-618
shrines of
76
al-ʿAllāma l-Ḥillī (d. 1325)
305
Allard, Michel
706, 707-708
Allen, Terry
76
Almagest (Ptolemy)
561, 562, 563
Alshaar, Nuha
xxxvii, 194-222
Amājūr family
563
al-Aʿmash (d. 765)
601
ʿAmīd al-ʿIrāq (d. 1058)
251
al-Muntaṣir bi-llāh (r. 861-862)
accession to rule of
156
administrative/military education of
156
military activities of
157, 183
mother of
43, 413-415
poetry and
429
religious policies of
618
succession of
9, 26, 156-157, 416
amīr al-umarāʾ (chief emirs)
196
Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali
603
ʿAmmār al-Baṣrī (fl. ca. 850)
724
Amorion
160, 347-348, 348
ʿAmr b. Mattā (fl. 14th cent.)
229, 687
ʿAnan Ben David (d. ca. 795)
739
ʿAnanites
739
Anatolia, Muslim campaigns into
160, 342, 345-349, 358, 363
anatomical dissections
567
Anbār
145
Anbārī Mosque Quarter (Baghdād)
8-9
Andragoras (Narsinka)
115
Angilram (d. 791)
374
animals, water-carrying
72
Anklesaria, Behramgore
327
Annales Stadenses (Annals of Stade)
380
annihilation with God (fanāʾ)
651, 659, 660-661, 675
Ansāb al-ashrāf (The Genealogies of the Nobles) (al-Balādhurī)
453
anthologies
451-452
anthropomorphism (tashbīh)
609-610, 612, 613
anti-Christian measures see Christians
anti-Christian riots
710-711
Antioch
111-112n2, 131-132
Vēh Antioch Khosrow/al-Rūmiyya
apocalyptic traditions
341
apodictic proof (burhān)
582
apologetical treatises
anti-Christian
720-723, 726
pro-Christian
723-725, 726, 779-781
pro-Jewish
726, 754
Arabian Nights
371-372, 512
Arabic, use of term
532, 534n6
Arabic language
geographical studies in
389-392
grammar of
452, 501, 503
study of
216
vocabulary of
440, 541
Arabic script
769
Arabo-Islamic culture
439-440, 450, 467
Arameans
137
arcades (ṭāqāt)
70
archaeological field survey
320-322
architecture
in Baghdād
22, 66, 93-94, 815
constructions
in Cairo
93-94
Ardashīr I (r. 224-239/240)
63, 67, 115, 127, 128
Ardashīr-Khurra (Fīrūzābād)
128
Ardavan IV (r. ca. 213-224)
115
Arethas of Caesarea (d. ca. 939)
360
Arghun (r. 1284-1291)
295, 301
ʿArīb al-Maʾmūniyya (d. ca. 880)
34
ʿArīb al-Qurṭubī (d. ca. 980)
151, 791
Aristotelian philosophy see Aristotle, theories of
Aristotle (d. 322 BCE)
theories of
on aether
555, 584
criticism on
573, 584-585
erroneously attributed to
585-586
on eternity of material world
585
on happiness
552-553
on logic
581
on matter and form
584-585
works of
Metaphysics
543, 547, 549, 550
Nicomachean Ethics
551
Organon
543, 548, 716, 719
Physics
542
Posterior Analytics
543, 582
On the Soul
551
Topoi
691
Arjawān (d. 1118)
253
armies see military personnel/troops/armies
Arsaces (Ashk) I (r. ca. 247-ca. 211 BCE)
115
Arsacid dynasty
115
The Art of Organ Building (Audsley)
372
art production
in Baghdād
in general
93-94
books see book production/trade
calligraphy
76-80, 77, 204
manuscripts see illustrated manuscripts from Baghdād; Qurʾān production in Baghdād
textiles
87-88, 302, 319
in Cairo
94
arwāḥ (human spirits)
651, 661
human souls
Asad, Talal
474n4
Aṣbagh al-ʿIbādī Church (Baghdād)
705
al-Ashʿarī, Abū l-Ḥasan (d. 936)
39, 507, 629, 672
Ashʿarism/Ashʿarites
Ashʿarism/Ashʿarites
al-Ashʿarī, Abū l-Ḥasan
Ḥanbalism/Ḥanbalīs and
240
Muʿtazilism/Muʿtazilīs and
216, 574n49
policies favoring
258
resurgence of
480
Saljūq dynasty and
243, 244, 258, 480
technical kalām of
629
Ashinās, Abū Jaʿfar (d. 844)
159
ʿĀshiq Palace (Sāmarrāʾ)
170, 170
Ashmūnī Monastery (Qaṭrabbul)
708, 710
ʿAskar al-Mahdī (al-Mahdī’s Camp) see al-Ruṣāfa
al-Aṣmaʿī (d. 828)
441
Asoristan
agriculture in
132-133
inhabitants of
137
irrigation in
132-134
map of
133
Aspānbūr (quarter of Ctesiphon)
124-127, 137
astrolabes
60, 564
astrology
astronomers/astrologers
astronomy and
560
cessation of practice of
101
in city planning
59, 62, 98-101, 466
ikhtiyārāt (choices) branch of
100
Indian influence on
3n12, 100, 101, 561
status of
351, 549, 559n36
translations of works on
539
validity of
563-564
works used in
561
astronomers/astrologers
astrology; astronomy; observatories; astronomers/astrologers
in general
558-559
Christian
715
education of
561-562
Jewish
753
observations by see astronomy
philosophy and
557, 559, 563
scientific polymathy of
571-572
status of
559-560
astronomical tables (zījāt/zīj)
99-100, 562, 564, 580
astronomy
observations in
562-563, 564, 580, 582-583
physical principles in
563
practical implications of
560
Ptolemaic
387-388, 559
religion and
560
works used in
561
al-Āthār al-bāqiya ʿan al-qurūn al-khāliya (al-Bīrūnī)
767
Āthār al-bilād wa-akhbār al-ʿibād (The Monuments of the Regions and Traditions about Human Beings) (al-Qazwīnī)
812
al-Atharī l-Baghdādī, Muḥammad Bahjat
830
al-ʿAtīq Monastery (Baghdād)
705
al-ʿAttābiyya (neighborhood of Baghdād)
87
attacks
on Baghdād
in general
231, 236, 278-279, 290-292
restoration after
292
construction activities, Ilkhanid
on Constantinople
342, 344
on Irbil
268, 276
ʿAṭṭār, Farīd al-Dīn (d. 1221)
656, 657
ʿAwārifmaʿārif (The Knowledge of the Spiritually Learned) (al-Suhrawardī)
507
ʿAwf b. al-Muḥallim (d. 835)
432
ʿayyārūn (young men’s gangs)
208-210, 241-242
futuwwa groups; gangs
Ayyūbid dynasty
268
Ayyuhā l-walad (O Disciple) (al-Ghazālī)
506
Azhar Mosque (Cairo)
486
al-ʿAzīz (r. 975-996)
486, 687
Bāb al-Azaj (neighborhood of Baghdād)
239
Bāb al-Baṣra (neighborhood of Baghdād)
in general
7
Ḥanbalīs in
239
Sunnī community in
8, 39, 240
tensions between al-Karkh and
208-209, 240, 710-711
Bāb al-Dhahab (Golden Gate Palace) (Baghdād)
3, 71, 73-74
Bāb al-Ḥadīd (neighborhood of Baghdād)
707
Bāb al-Ḥarb Cemetery (Baghdād)
239
Bāb al-Ḥarb (neighborhood of Baghdād)
6, 28, 146
Bāb al-Marātib (neighborhood of Baghdād)
239
Bāb al-Muḥawwal Church (Baghdād)
708
Bāb al-Muḥawwal (neighborhood of Baghdād)
6 735, 11, 293, 812
Bāb al-Ṭāq (neighborhood of Baghdād)
246-247
Babai the Great (d. 628)
684, 687
Babylon
113, 118, 381, 382
Babylonia
as center of Manichaeism
776-777
Jewish community in
731-733
Badīʿ al-Zamān al-Hamadhānī (d. 1007)
456
Badr al-Dīn Luʾluʾ (d. 1259)
268-269
Bagaʾdāta’s estates
1-2
Baghdād
ʿAbbāsid dynasty and see ʿAbbāsid dynasty
administration of see administration of Baghdād
agriculture around see agriculture
architecture in see architecture
art in see art production
attacks on/sieges of see attacks
Būyid dynasty and see Būyid dynasty
as center
of ʿAbbāsid Empire
24, 172
of Būyid dynasty
198-199
of Islamicate World
633
of the universe
387-388
of world Shīʿī traditionalism
614-616
as circular shaped
102
climate of
331-334
diplomatic missions to see diplomatic missions
emergence of
1-2
employment in
31-34
occupations and industries
faiths in see specific faiths
famines in
207, 330-333
gates of see gates
geographical location of
54
hinterland of see hinterland of Baghdād
human experience of
786-787
idealization of
20, 371, 466-468
as imagined city
785
inhabitants of see inhabitants
intellectual life in see knowledge production in Baghdād
judicial function of
24
in Latin texts
378-381
literary activities in see literary activities in Baghdād
maps of see maps
markets in see markets in Baghdād
Mongol conquest of see Mongol conquest
mosques in see mosques
municipal authority
21-22
name of
1-2, 4-5, 48n3
natural disasters in see natural disasters
navy construction in
295, 301
neighborhoods of see neighborhoods/quarters of Baghdād
pictorial representations of
382
precursors of
111-112, 113
Ctesiphon
production in see production in Baghdād
religious communities in see specific religious communities
restoration after sack see construction activities, Ilkhanid
as rival of Rayy
214
sack of see attacks on Baghdād
Saljūq dynasty and see Saljūq dynasty
segregation in
8-9, 25, 239
social/religious unrest in see social/religious unrest
sources on see sources
status of
4-5, 14, 19-20, 94, 297, 310
Tigris River and
1, 20, 238, 245
trade in see trade in Baghdād
travel writing/writers on see travel writing/writers
urban development of see urban development of Baghdād
urbanity of see urbanity of Baghdād
walls of see walls
Baghdād School of Philosophers
542, 547, 557, 719
Baghdād. Sīrat Madīna (Wali)
785
Bahāʾ al-Dawla (r. 988-1012)
79, 204, 748
al-Bāhilī (d. 915)
721
Baḥīrā legend
52
Bahrām Chūbīn (r. 590- 591)
132
Bahrūz Ribāṭ (Baghdād)
251, 257
Baidu (fl. 13th cent.)
295-296
Bajkam al-Mākānī, Abū l-Ḥusayn (d. 941)
178, 196
Bakhtīshūʿ family
220, 565, 566, 713
al-bakkāʾūn (The Weepers)
648
al-Bakrī, Abū ʿUbayd (d. 1094)
808
al-Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā (d. 892)
on Baghdād
50, 789
as boon companion
165, 789
life of
789
works of
50, 453, 789
Balʿamī (d. 997)
144
baldachinus/baldakinus
380
Balkuwārā Palace (Sāmarrāʾ)
164
Banafshā (d. 1201)
34, 253
banking sector
320, 747
Banū Jahīr
234-235
Banū Khafāja
236
Banū Munajjim
420
Banū Mūsā brothers (fl. 9th cent.)
563
baqāʾ (subsistence in God)
651, 660-661, 675
al-Bāqillānī (d. 1013)
216, 722
Bar Hebraeus (d. 1286)
266, 287, 688, 703
Barāthā Mosque (Baghdād)
12, 178
al-Barbahārī (d. 941)
623
Bardas Skleros (d. 991)
362
Barīdī family
195, 196-197
barley
328, 333
Barmakid family
154, 416
al-Barqānī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Khwārizmī (d. 1034)
494
al-Barqī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 887)
613-614, 616, 624
Barsauma (d. 491)
684
Barthélemy, A.
774
al-Basāsīrī, Abū l-Ḥārith Arslān (d. 1059/1060)
37, 231
Bāshahrā Monastery (hinterland of Baghdād)
708
Basharin, Pavel
xxxvii, 239, 629, 633-678
Bashshār b. Burd (d. 784)
429, 440-441, 501
Basil I (r. 867 to 886)
354
Basil II (r. 975-1025)
362
al-Baṣīr, Yūsuf (fl. 11th cent.)
757
Baṣra
birth of Arabo-Islamic culture in
439-440
Brethren of Purity in
218
as center of Shīʿī traditionalism
614-615
as center of trade
401
foundation legends of
52
grammar school of
452, 501
Ibāḍī education centers in
487
Mirbad of
440
Baṣra Gate (neighborhood of Baghdād) see Bāb al-Baṣra
al-Baṣrī, Abū ʿAbdallāh (d. 980/981)
218
al-Baṣrī, Abū l-Ḥusayn (d. 1044)
722
The Bathers (al-mughtasila)
767
bathhouses (ḥammāms)
17, 829
al-Battānī (fl. 9th cent.)
563
Baybars (r. 1260-1277)
292
al-Bayhaqī (d. 1066)
401, 718
Bayt al-Ḥikma (The House of Wisdom) (Baghdād)
447-448, 488-490, 577-578
al-Bazzāz, Abū Ḥamza (d. 883 or 902)
653, 663-664
beauty, God as manifestation of
668
Beckwith, Christopher
103
Bedouins
303, 431, 440
belts, zunnār
694-695
Benjamin of Tudela (d. 1173)
on Baghdād
247, 380
on Jewish community in Baghdād
in general
820
exilarch
740
security of
752
size of
736
synagogues
736
travels of
734, 818-819
works of, Sefer ha-massaʿot
819
mention of
230
Bennett, David
xxxvii, 629-632
Bernardus Monachus (fl. 865)
379
Bertha, daughter of Lothair II (d. 925)
385-386
Bet Rabbenu shebbe-Bavel (The House of Our Master in Babylonia)
745-746
Bibliotheca (The Library) (Photios)
351-352
Bickerman, E.
111-112n2
al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya (The Beginning and the End) (Ibn Kathīr)
229, 266, 803
al-Bilālī, Masʿūd (d. after 1155)
236, 243
biographical dictionaries
in general
229-230
of Ibn al-Fuwaṭī
286
of al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī
35, 50-51, 199, 229, 500, 513, 735, 796
Biran, Michal
xxxviii, 285-310, 458
al-Bīrūnī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 1048)
as astronomer
220, 221
on astronomy
563
on horoscope for Madīnat al-Salām
98-100, 99, 100
Ibn Sīnā and
573
on Indian astrological sources
101
on Manichaeans
776
works of
767, 776
Bishr b. Ghiyāth al-Marīsī (d. 833/834)
489
Bishr b. Marwān (d. ca. 694)
689
Bishr b. al-Muʿtamir (d. 825)
720-721
Bishr al-Ḥāfī (d. 840-842)
636, 638, 644-645, 649
Bishriyya Madrasa (Baghdād)
90-91, 91
Bisṭāmī Ribāṭ (Baghdād)
257, 258
Bivar, A.
123
Bladel, Kevin van
3, 3n12
The Blamers (al-malāmatiyya)
634, 671
Blois, François de
767
boat-bridges
238, 238, 245, 253
Bonner, Michael
154, 174
The Book of Pure Good (al-Kindī)
541, 550, 585-586
book production/trade
31, 33, 78, 302, 445, 484, 538-539
Qurʾān production in Baghdād
booksellers (warrāqūn/warrāq)
78, 218, 221, 493
Bookseller’s Market (Sūq al-Warrāqīn) (Baghdād)
31, 217-218, 445, 446, 446, 451
bookshops
31, 445, 493
boon companions (nadīms)
165, 420-422, 421, 422, 451, 512, 687, 719, 789, 792
Borgia Map
383
Borrut, Antoine
143n3
Bosworth, C. Edmund
154
Böwering, Gerhard
653
Brethren of Purity (Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ)
218, 547, 552
bridges
in Baghdād
boat-bridges
238, 238, 245, 253
Katah Bridge
819
Maude Bridge
433
poetry performances at
432-433
in Sasanian Ctesiphon
124
Brüll, N.
736n20
Būghā l-Kabīr al-Turkī (d. 862)
164
al-Buḥturī (d. 897)
452
al-Bukhalāʾ (The Book of Misers) (al-Jāḥiẓ)
28, 229
al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl (d. 870)
500-501, 606, 612
Bulgars
343, 346, 357, 359
Bulliet, Richard W.
xxxviii, 316-335
Bulughan Khātūn (d. 1286)
293, 296
al-Bundārī (d. 1245)
229
Būrān (wife of al-Maʾmūn) (d. 884)
159, 173
bureaucrats see ʿAbbāsid officials/bureaucrats; Saljūq officials/bureaucrats
al-Burjumī (fl. 11th cent.)
22
al-Bursuqī, Āqsunqur (d. 1126)
236
Busse, Heribert
214
Būyid dynasty
ʿAbbāsid caliphate and
202-203
Baghdād as centre of
198-199
construction activities of see construction activities
court of
829
Daylamites and
205
establishment of
197, 202, 203
inhabitants of Baghdād and
202
knowledge production during see knowledge production
legitimizing policies of
202-203, 204, 213
military personnel of see military personnel/troops/armies
palatial cities/complexes
10-11, 219, 810
religious policies of
36, 198, 202, 623, 649
revival of Persian culture by
203-205, 454
social framework of
205
social/religious unrest during reign of
206-210, 221-222, 230-231, 454
sources on
199-200
sponsoring by see sponsoring
tensions within
214-215
Byzantine Empire
specific Emperors
in general
339
ʿAbbāsid dynasty and
in general
365
ʿAbbāsid campaigns against
154, 164, 176, 187, 342, 345-349
diplomatic exchanges between
352-353, 352, 356, 360-361, 409
intellectual competition between
350-351, 352-354, 356
mobility between
359
at Taurus frontier
345-349, 358
ancient knowledge, transmitting of
350-351
Chalcedonian Christians and
684
epic poems of
363-364
Ḥamdānid dynasty and
362
Islam and
340-341, 355-356, 357
loss of territory of
342, 349, 363
map of
343
religious controversy within
349, 354-355
Saljūq dynasty and
363
Sasanian dynasty and
116-117
sponsoring in
353-354
Umayyad dynasty and
341-345
western occupation of
363
Cairo
architecture of
93-94
art production in
94
genizah documents from
733, 749, 750
mosques in
486
Caliphal Mosque (Jāmiʿ al-Qaṣr) (Baghdād)
10, 174, 239, 251, 293, 294, 308, 476
calligraphers
78-80
calligraphy
76-77, 77, 80, 204
canals/waterways
in Baghdād
794, 807
in Baghdād’s hinterland
122, 132-134, 302-303
repair of
219, 220
canon law
685, 698-699
Cardini, Franco
387
carnal souls
639-640
Carolingian dynasty
ʿAbbāsid caliphate and
in general
371, 384
diplomatic exchanges between
372-378, 392-393
sources on
371-372
interest in the East of
377-378
Jerusalem and
377
protectorate of Palestine and
372-373
cathedrals
340, 351, 360
catholicos, East Syrian
East Syrian Church; under specific catholicos
authority of
739
investiture diplomas of
689, 699-701
as leader of other Christian churches
700, 702
relations with caliphs of
691, 692-693
residence/see of
in Baghdād
39, 138, 690-691, 709
in Sāmarrāʾ
695
in Vēh Ardashīr
129-130, 685
succession of
government intervention in
686-687, 689-690
vacancies in
689, 695
Cefu yuangui (The Magic Mirror for Document Storage)
399
celestial realm
555-557
cemeteries in Baghdād
Bāb al-Ḥarb Cemetery
239
Khayzurān Cemetery
8, 152-153, 239
Quraysh Cemetery
6, 36
Shūnīziyya Cemetery
306
sources on
797, 827
Zoroastrian
2
centrality, topos of
50
ceramics
401-402, 421
Chacha, H.F.
774
Chalcedon, Ecumenical Council of
683
Chalcedonian Christians
684, 689
chamberlains (ḥājibs)
243
Charlemagne (r. 768-814)
Hārūn al-Rashīd and
in general
371, 378, 384
first mission
374-375
second mission
375-377
sources on
374
interest in the East of
377-378
legend about voyage to Jerusalem
379
chief emirs (amīr al-umarāʾ)
196
chief financial administrator (ṣāḥib al-dīwān)
292, 293, 297, 298, 299
chief judges see judges
chief judges (qāḍī l-quḍāt)
24, 255, 292, 505, 765
China
401-403, 691
Chinggis Khan (r. 1206-1227)
288n13, 289
Chrétiens syriaques sous les Abbasides surtout à Bagdad (749-1258) (Fiey)
688
Christian communities
in Baghdād see Christian communities in Baghdād
in Seleucia-Ctesiphon
129-130, 683
in Vēh Ardashīr
129-130, 685, 709
Christian communities in Baghdād
Christianity; Christians
in general
306-307
catholicate in
39, 138, 690-691, 709
catholicos, East Syrian
churches see churches
monasteries see monasteries
in qaṭīʿat al-Naṣārā (neighborhood)
706, 707, 710
religious festivals of
24, 709-710
in al-Shammāsiyya (neighborhood)
8, 39-40, 705
size of
711
sources on
687-688
Christianity
Christian communities in Baghdād; Christians; Iconoclasm
ʿAbbāsid dynasty/caliphate and
341-344, 355-356, 536
conversion to, of Muslims
712-713
dyophysitism vs. miaphysitism within
683-685, 686
East Syrian Church see East Syrian Church
Islamic attacks on
720-723, 725-726
philosophy and
554-555
rise of
339
Sasanian dynasty and
683, 685-686
split within
357
trinity in
554-555, 723-724
Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History (eds. Thomas et al.)
688
Christians
Christian communities in Baghdād; Christianity; under specific Christians
in general
726-727
banned from administration
695, 696
conversion to Islam of
696, 711-712, 723
dress codes for
693, 694-696, 698
Jewish openness towards
756-757
knowledge production by see knowledge production in Baghdād
list of self-imposed obligations
697
military service of
693
occupations of
in general
713
astronomers/astrologers
539n14, 715
court physicians
713-715, 718
philosophers
719-720
restrictions concerning
713
translators
718-719
persecution/abuse of
307, 693-696
as prisoners of war
8, 705, 706-707
riots against
710-711
as slaves
693, 695
status of
691-692, 693
taxation of
303, 692, 693, 697, 701
Christopherus (r. 959- 967)
704
Chronicle of Fredegar
373
Chronicle of Seʿert
686, 698
Chronicon (Bar Hebraeus)
266, 688
The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque (Griffith)
688
Church of the East see East Syrian Church
churches (buildings)
in Baghdād
building of
694
destruction of
689, 710-711
of East Syrian Church
705, 706
in al-Karkh
708
of Melkite Christians
705, 706
periods of use of
708-709
in Sasanian Ctesiphon
124-125
in Vēh Ardashīr
130
circularity of cities
of Ardashīr-Khurra (Fīrūzābād)
128
of Baghdād
102
as literary constructions
104-105
of Madīnat al-Salām
53-54, 67, 102-105, 803-804, 826, 832
of al-Manṣūriyya
188
of Sasanian Ctesiphon
67
of Vēh Ardashīr
63, 128, 138
Citadel (or Fortress) of Garondagan
131
cities
astrology in planning of
59, 62, 98-101, 466
gates to see gates
grid of
53-54, 61-62
shapes of
circular see circularity of cities
horseshoe form
103, 147
as literary constructions
104-105
octogonal
155
oval
104, 105, 106, 118, 128n90
citrus trees
331, 333
City of Peace see Madīnat al-Salām
Civil War, ʿAbbāsid (813)
9, 26, 48n5, 156-157, 416
Civil War, First (680-692)
689
clepsidras (water clocks)
372
climate
in Baghdād
331-334
change of
330-331
cloak of the Prophet
412
Cobb, Paul
164
cognition (maʿrifa)
646, 654, 656, 657, 661, 669-670
knowledge
Cohen, Mark
697
coin minters
746-747
coins
171, 232, 233, 341, 468, 621
minting of
166, 249, 300, 319, 746
Colpe, Carsten
767
commentaries
542-543, 547, 586-587
commerce see trade
commercial tax (tamgha)
299, 303
Companions (ṣaḥāba)
612-613
concubines
253
Conrad, Lawrence
701
Constantine I (r. 306-337)
339
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (r. 913-959)
361
Constantine/Cyril (d. 869)
356-357
Constantinople
in general
339-340
attacks on
342, 344
cathedrals at
340, 351, 358
destruction of
363
inhabitants of
359
mosques in
344, 355
construction activities
of ʿAbbāsid dynasty
in general
4, 149, 251
correlation between military activities and
153, 155, 161, 165, 168, 173, 176-177, 181-187
duration of reigns and
184-185, 185
financing of
184
Hārūn al-Rashīd
154-155, 182
al-Mahdī
12, 74, 152, 789, 802
al-Maʾmūn
10, 159, 185
al-Manṣūr see al-Manṣūr
al-Muktafī
10, 174, 183, 194
al-Muqtadī
11, 251
al-Muqtadir
176-177
al-Mustaḍīʾ
251
al-Mustaʿīn
14, 168, 169, 182
al-Mustanjid
251
al-Mustanṣir see al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh
al-Mustarshid
269
al-Mustaẓhir
14-15, 251, 269
al-Muʿtaḍid
10, 173, 182, 491
al-Muʿtamid
170
al-Muʿtaṣim
121, 161, 182
al-Mutawakkil
164-165, 182
al-Muʿtazz
14, 168
al-Muwaffaq
171, 182
al-Nāṣir see al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh
al-Qāʾim bi-Amr Allāh
251
al-Saffāḥ
145, 183, 184
al-Wāthiq bi-llāh
162
of Būyid dynasty
ʿAḍud al-Dawla
10, 219
Fakhr al-Dawla
221
Muʿizz al-Dawla
10, 219, 706
palatial cities/complexes
10-11
craftsmen for
32
during Ilkhanid rule
in general
292, 293, 300, 310
Ghazan
301, 303
Juwaynī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn
37, 301, 302-303
of military commanders
188, 243
of Saljūq dynasty
11, 245-249
of Sasanian dynasty
124, 125, 125, 126, 127, 128
sources on
789, 795, 800-801, 802-803, 804, 810
Contra legem Sarracenorum (Against the Law of the Saracens) (Riccoldo da Montecroce)
306
conversions
to Christianity, of Muslims
712-713
to Islam
of Christians
696, 711-712, 723
of Jews
757
of Zoroatrians
773-775
cooking
33
Cooperson, Michael
48n5, 50, 217, 467, 468
Corpus Hermeticum (Hermes Trismegistus)
539
cotton textiles
87, 319
courtiers, at ʿAbbāsid court
418-423
courts
of ʿAbbāsid dynasty see ʿAbbāsid court
of Ilkhanid dynasty
11, 293, 297
of Sasanian dynasty
135-136
covenant, primordial (mīthāq)
641, 651, 661
craftsmen/artisans
32, 78-80
illustrated manuscripts from Baghdād
Crassus (d. 53 BCE)
116
createdness/uncreatedness, of Qurʾān
488-489, 503-504, 507, 535n7, 606, 619, 631
Creswell, Keppel A.C.
67, 69, 70, 102, 118
Crusades
268, 363
Ctesiphon urban complex
in general
137
Christian communities in
129-130, 683
cities/villages in
Darzindan
123n62
Mabrakta
134
Parthian Ctesiphon see Parthian Ctesiphon
Sasanian Ctesiphon see Sasanian Ctesiphon
Seleucia see Seleucia
Valāsh-Ābād
123, 137
Vēh Antioch Khosrow
131-132, 137
Vēh Ardashīr see Vēh Ardashīr
decline of
138
Manichaeans at
766, 777
map of
120
neglect by royal family of
136
parallels with Baghdād
138
region surrounding
132-134, 137
social landscape of
134-136
currency reforms
277-278
Cyprus
343, 358
Cyriacus (fl. 7th cent.)
688
Cyril/Constantine
356-357
Cyrillic alphabet
357n74
Daeva Inscription
114
Dāha tribal confederation
114-115
dalāʾil al-nubuwwa (proofs of the prophethood) genre
721-722, 723
Damaghānī family
255
Damianos (d. 924)
359, 364
Daniel b. Eleazar (fl. 13th cent.)
744-745
Dār al-ʿIlm (The House of Knowledge) (Baghdād)
490
Dār al-Imāra (The Abode of the Emirate) (Baghdād)
11, 219
Dār al-Khilāfa (palatial city)
construction activities in
10, 173, 174, 176, 183
description of
797
founding of
10, 173
gates of
10
longevity of
184
nucleus of
155
as residence for ʿAbbāsid dynasty
9
walls of
269
mention of
27
Dār al-Mamlaka (The Abode of the Empire) (Baghdād)
11, 248, 249, 797
Dār al-Rūm/Dār al-Rūmiyyīn (The Abode of the Greek) (quarter of Baghdād)
705
Dār al-Sulṭān (The Abode of the Sultan) (Baghdād)
11, 249
Darabgerd (Dārābjird)
67
Darb al-ʿAwn (quarter of Baghdād)
708
Darb Dīnār Church (Baghdād)
706
Darb al-Qarāṭīs Church (Baghdād)
708
Darmālis Monastery (Baghdād)
706
date palms
331, 333
David of Dara (r. 762-774)
701
Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī (d. between 777-782)
642
Daylamites
196, 197, 205, 206
Dayr Sābūr (monastery, hinterland of Baghdād)
828
Dayr Samālū (monastery, Baghdād)
828
De haeresibus (On Heresies) (John of Damascus)
344
De Materia Medica (Dioscorides)
502, 567, 579, 714
De virtutibus animae (About the Virtues of the Soul) (pseudo-Aristotle)
718
debates (munāẓarāt)
scholarly sessions
inner-Christian
717
inner-Islamic
488-489
inter-religious
576-577, 716-717, 720-721, 753-755, 756-757, 773-775
in private homes
218, 475
public
217-218, 475, 488-489
rejection of
607-608
decorations, of madrasas
90-91, 91
demonstrative proof
582
designation (naṣṣ)
598, 600
Dezong (r. 779-805)
400
Dhaʿfariyya (or Wasṭānī) Gate (Baghdād)
15, 16
al-Dhahabī (d. 1348)
229, 266, 485, 674, 739, 830
Dhayl tajārib al-umam (The Sequel to [Miskawayh’s] Experiences of the Communities) (al-Rūdhrāwarī)
199, 795
Dhayl Taʾrīkh Baghdād (The Sequel to [al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī’s] History of Baghdād) (Ibn al-Najjār al-Baghdādī)
801
dhikr (reciting God’s name)
605, 641
dhimmīs see Christians; Jews
dhows
403
Dhū l-Nūn al-Miṣrī (d. 860)
641
Dhū l-Qarnayn (Alexander the Great)
53, 61, 63
Dialogues (Plato)
551
Diʿbil (d. 860)
428, 431, 432
dietetic traditions
569
Diez Album
279, 309
Digenis Akritas (epic poem)
363-364
al-Dīnawarī (d. 896)
145
Dīnāwariyya sect
776-777
Dionysius I of Tell Maḥrē (r. 818-845)
699, 701-702, 738
Dionysius Moses (r. 1112-1134)
703
Dioscorides (fl. 1st cent.)
82, 502, 567, 568, 579, 714
diplomatic missions
between ʿAbbāsid and Byzantine courts
352-353, 352, 356, 360-361, 407-409, 409, 410
between ʿAbbāsid and Carolingian dynasty
372-378, 392-393
of Carolingian dynasty to Jerusalem
377
death of envoys during
374, 375
gift-giving and
375
between Italian and Byzantine courts
409-410
pomp and circumstance during
407-410
disciples see students/disciples
discrimination see persecution/abuse/discrimination
discriminatory rules see dress codes, for non-Muslims; poll tax
disputation (munāẓaras) see debates
dissections, anatomical
567
districts see neighborhoods/quarters of Baghdād
divine grace (khwarrah)
135
divine revelations, cycles of
598
Le Divisament dou Monde (The Partition of the World) (Polo)
382, 824
Diyāla Plains
320-322
Diyāla River
132
Dmitriev, Kirill
xxxviii, 371-393
doctors see physicians
domes
73-74, 91, 92
double peregrinations
674
doubts (shukūk) literature
584
Doukas, Andronikos (d. ca. 910)
359
Doukas, Constantine (d. 913)
359
dragons, on gates
92-93
dress codes, for non-Muslims
693, 694-695, 698, 739, 751
droughts
296
Du Huan (prisoner of war/writer)
400
Du You (d. 812)
400
dualistic religions
770
Dubays II (r. 1108-1135)
187, 236
Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond
xxxviii, 765-782
Durtā Monastery (Baghdād)
707
dyophysitism
683-685, 686
Early Modern Persian (Farsī)
769
earth vs. heaven
555-556
earthquakes
21, 239
East Syrian Church
catholicos and bishops
in general
306, 688
ʿAbbāsid dynasty and
689-690
canon law of
685, 698-699
catholicos of see catholicos, East Syrian
churches of
705, 706
councils of
in Chalcedon
683
in Jundishapur
684
in Seleucia-Ctesiphon
683
education of students in
709
founding of
683
hierarchy within
685
influences on
684-685
missionary activities of
691
monasteries of
707, 709
monastic vs. lay control of
686-687
patriarchal see of
in Baghdād
39, 138, 690-691
in Sāmarrāʾ
695
in Vēh Ardashīr
129-130, 683
Saljūq dynasty and
699-701
Sasanian dynasty and
685-687
schools established by
685
theological discord within
683-684
translation activities and
536-537, 565
Umayyad dynasty and
689
Eastern Roman Empire see Byzantine Empire
Ebstorf Map
382
Ecbatana (Hamadān)
115, 136
economic situation of Baghdād
during ʿAbbāsid rule
317-320
during Ilkhanid rule
295-296
ecstasy (ghalaba)
649, 656, 659-660, 667, 668, 669-670, 674-675
ecstatic utterances (shaṭḥiyyāt)
654-655, 665, 668, 669-670, 673
Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon
683
education
scholarly sessions; students/disciples; study circles; tutors/teachers
in general
512-513
of astronomers/astrologers
561-562
of Christian students
709
in East Syrian Church
685
elementary
494-495
higher see higher education
humanistic concerns of
497-498
at Jewish academies
743-744, 744
master-disciple relationship in
558, 574-575
of philosophers
548-549
of physicians
220, 567
at private homes
709
al-Yaʿqūbī on
495
Eilers, Wilhelm
1-2
Einhard (d. 840)
374, 375, 377, 378
Eisagoge (Porphyry)
543, 548
El Cheikh, Nadia Maria
364
El Omari, Rachel
489n63
Elchazites
771-772
The Elect (khāṣṣ)
635
elementary education
494-495
Elements of Theology (Proclus)
541, 550
elephants
375, 376, 393
Elias II b. al-Muqlī (r. 1111-1132)
725
Elias III (1176-1190)
725
elites see ʿAbbāsid officials/bureaucrats; Saljūq officials/bureaucrats
embassies see diplomatic missions
employment in Baghdād
31-34
occupations and industries
engineers
136
Enneads (Plotinus)
541, 547
Enosh (r. 877-884)
725
epic poems
363-364
epistles (risālas)
558
Ernest, Carl
653
Ess, Josef van
489, 619, 624
essays (maqālas)
558
eternity, of material world
585
ethics
509, 552-553
eunuchs
414
Euphrates River
113, 122, 123, 133, 302-303
Europe and Islam. A History of Misunderstanding (Cardini)
387
Eutychios (r. 933-940)
695, 704
executions
127
exilarchate/exilarchs
authority of
731-732, 739-741
in Baghdād
738-741
conflicts over
738-739
geonim and
732, 740
rabbis and
731-732
residences of
39, 129, 247, 735
in Vēh Ardashīr
129, 138
experience (tajriba)
582-584
experimentation (iʿtibār)
583-584
express designation (naṣṣ)
598, 600
al-Fāḍil (The Exquisite) (al-Mubarrad)
451-452
al-Faḍl b. al-Furāt (d. 938)
577
al-Faḍl b. Ghānim (d. 850)
618
al-Faḍl b. al-Rabīʿ (d. 823/824)
154
al-Faḍl b. Sahl (d. 818)
416
al-Faḍl b. Yaḥyā l-Barmakī (d. 808)
76
faith, indivisibility of
609
Fakhr al-Dawla (r. 976-997)
214, 221
al-Fakhrī (The Glorious [History]) (Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā)
459
falāsifa/faylasūf see philosophers
falsafa see philosophy
famines
207, 330-333
fanāʾ (annihilation with God)
651, 659, 660-661, 675
al-Fārābī, Abū Naṣr (d. 950)
astrology and
549
Baghdād School of Philosophers and
542n17, 547
collaboration with Christians of
576
on experience and observation
583
as expert on Aristotelian thought
546, 587
on hylomorphism
585
immortality of the human soul and
552
originality of
587
philosophical vocabulary and
541
on philosophy and religion
533, 534n5, 554
scientific polymathy of
571
on theory of aether
584
works of
554, 558
al-Faraj baʿd al-shidda (The Deliverance Follows Adversity) (al-Tanūkhī)
200-201, 455
al-Farghānī (fl. early 9th cent.)
561, 563
al-Farrāʾ, Abū Zakariyyāʾ (d. 822)
503
al-Faṣīḥī l-Astarābādhī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Abī Zayd (d. 1116 or 1122)
482
Fāṭima bt. al-Rāzī (d. 1127)
254
Fāṭimid imām-caliphs
598
Fattal, Antoine
694
al-Fazārī, ʿAbdallāh b. Yazīd (fl. 8th cent.)
487
female slaves (jāriyas)
34-35
festivals, Christian
24, 709-710
Fez
58
Fiey, Jean Maurice
119, 123n62, 128n90, 688, 703-704
fig trees
331, 333
al-Fihrist (The Catalogue) (Ibn al-Nadīm)
78, 419, 420, 493, 691, 736, 767, 777
al-Fihrist (The Catalogue) (al-Ṭūsī)
614
Firdaws al-ḥikma (The Paradise of Wisdom) (Rabban al-Ṭabarī)
567, 569
Firdawsī (d. ca. 1020)
204
fires
20-21, 238-239
The First Cause (al-sabab al-awwal)
551, 556
Fīrūzābād (Ardashīr-Khurra)
128
fitan/fitna (riots) see social/religious unrest
floods
20, 237-238, 239, 289, 296, 300
Forstner, Martin
169, 173
The Forty-Two Martyrs of Amorion (Euodios)
347
foundation inscriptions
90
foundation legends
in general
47-49
of Alexandria
62, 63
in ancient Greece
61
of Baṣra
52
of Fez
58
historicity of
48-49
horoscopes in
59
of Kūfa
52, 58
of Madīnat al-Salām/Baghdād
in general
48-49, 62-64
astrology in
98-100, 101, 466, 753
Baghdād’s geographical location in
54
five iron gates in
60-61
as glorified image
104
historicity of
63
horoscopes in
59
Ibn al-Athīr on
56
influences on
61-62, 63
al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī on
53
al-Manṣūr in
52-53, 71
Miqlāṣ story in
55-56
monks in
56
prophecies in
55-56, 57, 98
protective talismans in
53, 60-61
reasons for founding in
52
region’s climate in
54-55
sources for
49-51
al-Ṭabarī on
51-53, 54-56, 103-104
al-Yaʿqūbī on
53, 54, 57, 102, 103-104
Yāqūt al-Hamawī al-Rūmī on
56-57
monks in
57-58
prophecies in
55-58, 62
of al-Rāfiqa
56
of Sāmarrāʾ
58
search for locations in
52
of Wāsiṭ
57-58
Frankish Annals (Annales Regni Francorum)
374, 376
Friday mosques in Bagdhād
11-13
Friday mosques
Fück, Johann W.
479n20
Fuḍayl b. ʿIyāḍ (d. 803)
645
Fūlād Sutūn (r. 1053-1062)
231
funerals
308, 525
Fusṭāṭ/Old Cairo
188
Futūḥ al-buldān (The Conquests of the Regions) (al-Balādhurī)
50, 453, 789
futuwwa groups
gangs
in general
29, 30, 208
reform of
269-270, 280
Gabriel (Jibrīl)
611
Gabriel b. Bakhtīshūʿ (d. 828)
713
Galen (d. ca. 216)
567, 569, 571, 718-719
gangs
208-210, 240, 241-242, 245
utuwwa groups
Gaozong (r. 649-683)
399
gardens in Baghdād
17
gates
of Baghdād
Muʿaẓẓam Gate
820
sources on
822
Talismān Gate
14, 15, 92, 93, 273, 273, 274
Wasṭānī Gate
15, 16
of Dār al-Khilāfa
10
dragons on
92-93
of Madīnat al-Salām
60-61, 69, 74
reuse of
60-61, 74
of Wāsiṭ
60, 74
Geikhatu (r. 1291-1295)
293
genizah documents
733, 743n56, 749, 750
Genoa
295, 301
geography
386, 388-392
Geography (Ptolemy)
389
geonim/gaon
duties of
744-745
exilarchs and
732, 740
outside influences on
741
George (abbot, envoy)
375
Georgius I (r. 758-790)
701
Ghadīr Khumm celebrations
36, 202
ghalaba (ecstasy)
649, 656, 659-660, 667, 669-670, 674-675
Ghanīma, Y.R.
737n32
ghazal (love lyrics)
429
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid (d. 1111)
ideas of
506-507
professor of Niẓāmiyya Madrasa
481, 506
systematizing Ṣūfī thought by
677-678
works of
497, 506
Ghazan (r. 1295-1304)
296, 301, 303-304
Ghiyāthiyya Madrasa (Baghdād)
251
Ghulām Khalīl (d. 888)
505-506, 636, 653, 656, 658, 663, 675
ghulāmiyyāt (page girls)
414
Gil, M.
746-747
Gīlān, people from see Daylamites
Gilli-Elewy, Hend
xxxvix, 265-281
Ginzā Rbā (The Great Treasure)
767
Gizistag Abālish (The Accursed Abālish) (anon.)
767, 773-775, 781
Gnosticism/Gnostics
40, 766-767
Mandaeism/Mandaeans
God
annihilation with
651, 659, 660-661, 675
celestial realm and
555, 557
existence of
550
as First Cause
551, 556-557
imitation of
551
incomparability of
672
joining with
655
knowledge of
654, 656, 657
love as gift from
644, 676
love for
648, 654, 657, 675
as manifestation of beauty
668
Muḥammad’s sighting of
610-612, 616-617
oneness of see oneness of God
reciting the name of
605, 641
subsistence in
651, 660-661, 675
trust in
656-657, 662
Golden Gate Palace (Bāb al-Dhahab) (Baghdād)
3, 71, 73-74
gold-leaf production
746
goldsmiths
746
Gondeshapur see Academy of Jundishapur
Gordon, Matthew
159
governors (shiḥna)
Mongol
292, 293, 295, 296, 297-298, 299
Saljūq
242-243
Grabar, Oleg
70n17, 84
grammarians
216, 452, 501, 503, 510
graves see shrines/mausolea/tombs
Great Hall (of Khosrow II)
125-126, 815n140, 816
great halls see īwāns
Greater Zab River
132
Greek Fire
344, 345
Greek Orthodox Church
684
Greek-Arabic translation movement see translation activities
Gregory of Pherat (r. 605-609)
687
Griffith, Sidney
684, 688, 712, 716, 717, 720
Gruendler, Beatrice
xxxvix, 426-437
Guangzhou
401-402
Günther, Sebastian
xxxvix, 473-513
Gūr
67
Gutas, Dimitri
350
Güyük (r. 1246-1248)
290
Ḥabash al-Ḥāsib (d. after 869)
561, 563
al-Hādī (r. 785-786)
26, 153, 411, 713
al-Hādī, ʿAlī (d. 868)
619, 621
Ḥadīth Bayāḍ wa-Riyāḍ (The Story of Bayāḍ and Riyāḍ)
442
ḥadīths
in general
500-501
collections of
of Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal
610, 611-612
of al-Bukhārī
612
vs. kalām
602-603
Maʿrūf al-Karkhī’s knowledge of
643
predicting Baghdād
796
scholars in
497, 499, 500
Sharīʿa law and
604, 606
subordination of reason and
607-608
Hagia Sophia (Constantinople)
340, 351, 360
ḥājibs (chamberlains)
243
ḥajj (pilgrimage)
276, 289
al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf (d. 714)
57-58, 74, 689, 766
al-Ḥākim (r. 1262-1302)
292
ḥalaqāt/ḥalqa see study circles
Ḥalba (or Talismān) Gate
14, 15, 92, 93, 273, 273, 274
al-Ḥallāj (d. 922)
in general
664-665
death of
665, 666, 667, 675
doctrines of
665, 667, 674-675
Ibn ʿAṭāʾ and
667
Naṣr al-Qushūrī and
636
persecution of
665
reputation of
664
al-Shiblī and
669
teachers of
664
works of
665
Halm, Heinz
480
Hamadān (Ecbatana)
115, 136
al-Hamadānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Malik (d. 1127)
200
al-Ḥamāsa (The Valor) (al-Buḥturī)
452
Ḥamd Allāh al-Mustawfī Qazwīnī (d. 1349)
287, 815-816
al-Hamdānī, Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan (d. 945)
746
Ḥamdānid dynasty
178, 362
Ḥāmid b. ʿAbbās (d. 923)
210, 667
ḥammāms (bathhouses)
17, 829
Ḥanafism/Ḥanafīs
in Bāb al-Baṣra
239
on jurisprudence
37-38, 217, 255
madrasas of
255
Saljūq religious policies and
255
Ḥanbalism/Ḥanbalīs
ʿAbbāsid religious policies and
230, 271
activism of
240-241
on jurisprudence
38, 217, 256
madrasas of
251, 255-256, 478
persecution of
623
sponsoring by
252
hand bombs
241
happiness
551
Ḥarbiyya Mosque (Baghdād)
12-13
harems, caliphal
414
Ḥarīm al-Ṭāhirī Hospice (Baghdād)
272
al-Ḥarīrī see Maqāmāt (al-Ḥarīrī) manuscripts
al-Ḥarīzī, Judah (d. 1225)
734, 745
Ḥarrān (Carrhae)
544, 564
Hārūn b. Yaḥyā (prisoner of war/writer)
391
Hārūn al-Rashīd (r. 786-809)
accession to rule of
153-154
administrative/military education of
153
Barmakid influence on
154
Byzantine emperors and
346
Charlemagne and
in general
371, 378, 384
first mission
374-375
second mission
375-377
sources on
374
Christian prisoners of war of
8, 705, 706-707
construction activities of
154-155, 182
death of
156
geographical studies and
389
al-Kisāʾī and
501, 503
military activities of
154, 346
al-Miṣrī on
411-412
modern myth of
371-372, 467
physician of
713
religious policies of
618, 694
residences of
9, 26, 103, 154-155
sharing rule with son(s)
155-156
succession of
101, 155-156, 416
Sufism and
636
Tang dynasty and
399
translation movement and
496
wife of
43, 413-415
Hārūnī Palace (Sāmarrāʾ)
162
al-Hārūniyya
155
al-Ḥasan al-ʿAskarī (d. 874)
616-617
al-Ḥasan b. Sahl (d. 850/851)
158
al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī (d. 728)
605
Ḥasan-i Buzurg Jalāyirī (r. 1336-1356)
297
Ḥasanī Palace (Baghdād)
159, 173
Hāshimites
244
al-Hāshimiyya
145, 184, 522-523, 524
al-Ḥawādith al-jāmiʿa li-l-miʾa l-sābiʿa (The Collected Events of the Seventh [i.e. 13th] Century) (anon.)
265-266, 286
Hayek, Michael
724
Ḥayya (son of Sherira ben Hananiah)
749, 750, 752
Ḥayya ben David (fl. end of 9th cent.)
733, 741
head police officer (ṣāḥibshurṭa)
243
heaven vs. earth
555-556
Hecatompylos (Simnān)
115
Heern, Z.M.
484n40
Heilo, Olof
xxxvix, 339-365
Heimgartner, Martin
690
Heinrichs, W.
474n4
Ḥenanīshōʿ I (r. 686-693)
689
Ḥenanīshōʿ II (r. 773-780)
690
Heraclius (r. 610-641)
126, 340, 341n7, 341
herbal medicine
579, 579
pharmacology
heresy (zandaqa)
505-506, 568, 636, 653, 656, 663, 675
heretics (zanādiqa/zindīq)
767-768, 770-771, 773, 778
Herodotus (d. ca. 425 BCE)
114
Herzfeld, Ernst
15, 69, 70, 102, 104-105
Hibat Allāh b. al-Athradī (d. ca. 1080)
725
Hibat Allāh b. al-Tilmīdh (d. ca. 1165)
715
higher education
scholars/litterateurs; students/disciples; tutors/teachers
in general
474-475, 477
in Baghdād
in general
18-19, 473-475, 484
bookshops and
493
hospitals as sites for
490-491
at Ismāʿīlī centers
486-487
libraries and
488-490, 494
literary salons and
491-493
in madrasas see madrasas in Baghdād
mosques as sites for
476
observatories as sites for
491
Shīʿī
485
shrines as sites for
478, 485
centers of
in general
475n6
Ibāḍī
487
Ismāʿīlī
486
forms of
475
materials used in
475-476
of women
476-477
al-Ḥilla
335
al-Ḥillī, al-ʿAllāma (d. 1325)
485
al-Ḥillī, Ṣafī l-Dīn (d. 1349)
427, 459
Ḥilyatawliyāʾ (The Decoration of the Saints) (Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī)
677
hinterland of Baghdād (sawād)
agriculture in see agriculture
canals/waterways/irrigation in
122, 132-134, 302-303
Islam and
327-328
monasteries in
708, 828
natural disasters in see natural disasters
population decline in
330, 334
Qazwīnī on
303
settlement patterns in
320-327
sources on
827-828
Hippodamus (fl. 5th cent. BCE)
118
Hishām b. al-Ḥakam (d. ca. 795)
619
Hishām b. ʿUrwa (d. 763/764)
524, 529
historians
499, 500
historical legends see foundation legends
Hodgson, Marshall
532n2, 599, 602, 603
honorific names/titles
171, 176, 179, 203, 655
horoscopes
59, 98-100, 99, 100
horseshoe form
103, 147
hospices (ribāṭs) see Ṣūfī lodges in Baghdād
hospitals in Baghdād
in general
566, 578
ʿAḍudī Hospital
7, 219-220, 252, 715, 820
for the mentally ill
569n47, 820
sponsoring of
578
teaching and research at
490-491, 578-579
The Hostiles (al-nāṣiba)
600-601
hotels with storage-rooms (khāns)
16
The House of Our Master in Babylonia (Bet Rabbenu shebbe-Bavel)
745-746
House of Wisdom see Bayt al-Ḥikma
Ḥudhayfa b. al-Yaman (d. 656)
127
al-Hujwīrī, ʿAlī (d. 1071 or 1077)
674, 675, 677
Hülegü (d. 1265)
278, 285, 290, 292, 293
human beings
agency of
630-631
knowledge and
506
place in cosmos
569, 586
souls of see human souls
spirits of
651, 661
human souls (nafs)
human spirits
carnal
639-640
immortality of
551-552
primordial covenant and
641
human spirits (arwāḥ)
651, 661
human souls
Ḥumayd al-Ṭūsī (d. 825)
434
al-Ḥumaydī, Muḥammad (d. 1095)
717
humoral theory
569
Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (d. 873)
540, 558, 565, 569, 571, 709, 718
Ḥusām al-Dīn (d. 1259)
290
al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (d. 680)
598, 619, 620
hylomorphism
584-585
Ibāḍism/Ibāḍīs
487
Iblīs (Satan)
665, 667
Ibn ʿAbbād, Ismāʿīl (d. 995)
200, 204, 215, 218
Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih (d. 940)
447n35
Ibn Abī l-ʿAzāqir (d. 934)
37
Ibn Abī Dhiʾb (d. 776)
528
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā (d. 894/895)
722
Ibn Abī Ṭāhir Ṭayfūr (d. 893)
on debate between al-Kinānī and Bishr al-Marīsī
489n63
life of
450-451, 788
on literary salons
492
works of
Kitāb Baghdād
2n5, 50-51, 451, 489n63, 492, 788-789
Kitāb al-manthūr wa-l-manẓūm
451
sources used for
829
used as source
805, 808, 809
Ibn Abī Yaʿlā (d. 1131)
229, 606-607
Ibn Abī l-Zinād (d. 790)
526, 529
Ibn ʿAdī (d. 974) see Yaḥyā b. ʿAdī
Ibn al-ʿAlqamī (d. 1258)
290, 482
Ibn al-ʿAmīd (d. 970)
214, 215
Ibn ʿAqīl (d. 1119)
on Baghdād
246-247, 831-832
life of
831
pro-Muʿtazilī sympathies of
240
works of, used as source
830, 831-832
Ibn ʿAsākir (d. 1176)
697
Ibn ʿAṭāʾ al-Ādamī (d. 921 or 923/924)
667-668
Ibn al-Athīr (d. 1233)
on Baghdād
802-803
on foundation of Madīnat al-Salām
56
life of
801
on Muʿizz al-Dawla
219
on al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh
273
on riots in Baghdād
208
works of
al-Kāmil fī l-taʾrīkh
200, 229, 266, 801
al-Lubāb
814
sources used for
801-802
used as source
814
Ibn Bābak (d. 1019)
218
Ibn Bābawayh al-Ṣadūq (d. 991)
617
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa (d. 1368 0r 1377)
on Baghdād
in general
94, 287
madrasas in
458, 482-483
travels of
824-825
works of
al-Riḥla
287, 482-483
sources used for
288
used as source
825
Ibn al-Bawwāb (d. 1032)
76, 77, 78-80
Ibn Buṭlān (d. 1066)
572, 715
Ibn Dāb, ʿĪsā b. Yazīd (d. 787)
528
Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī (d. 1349)
388n71
Ibn Faḍlān, Aḥmad (fl. 10th cent.)
176
Ibn al-Faqīh (fl. 9th cent.)
98, 103, 804-805
Ibn al-Farghānī see al-Wāsiṭī, Abū Bakr
Ibn Fūrak, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan (d. 1015)
746-747
Ibn al-Furāt (d. 924)
407-409
Ibn al-Fuwaṭī (d. 1323)
on Baghdād
in general
296, 830-831
reconstruction of
293, 300
life of
286-287, 830
works of
286, 829-830
Ibn Ḥamdūn (d. 1166)
700
Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad (d. 855)
Ḥanbalism/Ḥanbalīs
ʿAbbāsid caliphs and
619, 621
on ʿAlī as the fourth caliph
600-601
Bishr al-Ḥāfī and
646
female students of
476
life of
503-505
Maʿrūf al-Karkhī and
643-644
al-Muḥāsibī and
640
shrine of
6
six creeds attributed to
606-607
trial of
504
works of, Musnad
610, 611-612
Ibn Ḥawqal (d. after 988)
214, 808, 817-818
Ibn al-Haytham (d. ca. 1040)
563, 572, 583-584
Ibn Ḥazm al-Andalusī (d. 1064)
741
Ibn Hubayra (d. 1165)
252
Ibn al-Ikhshīd (d. 938)
721
Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad (d. 767/768)
in ʿAbbāsid service
523-524, 617
grave of
153
relocation to Baghdād
523, 529
works of, Kitāb al-maghāzī
523
mention of
441
Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 1201)
on Baghdād
in general
229, 799, 800-801
Christians in
687
climate of
331-333
Manichaeans in
781
natural disasters in
239
Sunnī and Shīʿī conflicts in
750-751
on dress codes for non-Muslims
695, 696, 722, 751
life of
798
on Madīnat al-Salām
799-800
reputation of
508
as teacher
256
works of
falsely ascribed to
830
al-Muntaẓam fī taʾrīkh al-mulūk wa-l-umam
200, 229, 265-266, 331-332, 509, 798
sources used for
798-799
Talbīs Iblīs
722
Talqīḥ fuhūm ahlāthār
509
used as source
801-802, 830
variety of
457
Zād al-masīr fīʿilmtafsīr
508-509
Ibn Jazla (d. 1100)
723
Ibn Jubayr (d. 1217)
in general
230
on Baghdād
in general
94, 246, 247, 466, 821-822
inhabitants of
509
scholarship in
214, 288, 473
on Ibn al-Jawzī
457
on al-Qazwīnī
481
travels of
821
works of, al-Riḥla
246, 821, 825
Ibn Jurayj (d. 768)
443
Ibn Juzayy, Muḥammad (d. between 1355-1357)
825
Ibn Kammūna (d. 1285)
306, 726, 757
Ibn Kathīr (d. 1373)
229, 266, 803
Ibn Khaldūn (d. 1406)
76-77, 448, 698
Ibn Khallikān (d. 1282)
78-79, 200, 803
Ibn Khammār (d. 1012)
215
Ibn al-Khammār/Ibn Suwār (d. 1017)
720
Ibn Khurdādhbih (d. 912)
389-391
Ibn Khuzayma (d. 924)
622
Ibn Killis (d. 991)
486
Ibn Kullāb (d. 854/855)
608
Ibn al-Labbād (d. 1232)
726
Ibn al-Layth (d. ca. 819)
721
Ibn al-Mājishūn, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (d. 788)
524, 529
Ibn Mandawayh, Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
220
Ibn Maʿrūf (judge)
209
Ibn al-Muʾammal (d. 1194-1195)
715
Ibn al-Mubārak (d. 797)
633, 645
Ibn al-Mubārak Mosque (Baghdād)
476
Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ (d. 756)
443
Ibn Muqla (d. 940)
78-80, 79, 195
Ibn al-Muslima (d. 1058)
231
Ibn al-Nadīm (d. ca. 995/998)
on books
493
on boon companions
420
on diplomatic missions
385-386
on Ibn Muqla
78
on Manichaeans
767-768, 776-778
on religious tolerance of al-Maʾmūn
775
on subdivion of disciplines
419
on synagogues
736
on translation movement
362
works of, al-Fihrist
77, 78, 419, 420, 493, 691, 736, 767, 777
mention of
454, 713
Ibn Nāʿima l-Ḥimsī (fl. early 9th cent.)
576
Ibn al-Najjār al-Baghdādī (d. 1245)
801
Ibn Nubāta (d. 984)
455-456
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 1350)
697
Ibn Qutayba l-Dīnawarī (d. 889)
450, 509, 722
Ibn Rāʾiq, Abū Bakr Muḥammad (d. 942)
177, 196-197, 418
Ibn Rajab (d. 1392)
229
Ibn al-Rāwandī (fl. 9th cent.)
613
Ibn al-Rūmī (d. 897)
426, 428
Ibn Rusta (d. after 913)
131, 805-806, 808
Ibn Saʿd (d. 845)
453
Ibn Saʿdān (d. 984/985)
201, 214-215, 216, 455
Ibn al-Samḥ (d. 1035)
542n17
Ibn Sarābiyūn see Suhrāb
Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq (fl. 10th cent.)
23n73
Ibn Serapion see Suhrāb
Ibn Sīnā (d. 1037)
astrology and
549
al-Bīrūnī and
573
Nūḥ b. Manṣūr and
221
originality of
587
scientific polymathy of
570
works of, al-Qānūn fī l-ṭibb
220, 567, 570
Ibn Sukkara (d. after 1068)
240
Ibn Suwār/Ibn al-Khammār (d. 1017)
554, 720
Ibn Tāwūs (d. 1266)
305
Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328)
305
Ibn al-Ṭayyib, Abū l-Faraj (d. 1043)
714-715
Ibn al-Tilmīdh (d. ca. 1165)
715
Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā (d. ca. 1309)
305, 459
Ibn Ṭūlūn, Aḥmad (r. 868-884)
172, 188
Ibn Ṭūlūn Mosque (Fusṭāṭ/Old Cairo)
188
Ibn Waḥb
401
Ibn al-Washshāʾ (d. 937)
452, 510-511
Ibn al-Wāsiṭī (n.d.)
715, 725
Ibn Yumn al-Baghdādī, Abū ʿAlī Naẓīf (d. after 983)
713, 717
Ibn Yūsuf, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (fl. 10th cent.)
200
Ibn Zabr (d. 940)
697
Ibn Zurʿa (d. 1008)
720
Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbdallāh (d. 763)
147, 617
Ibrāhīm b. ʿAdī (fl. 10th cent.)
542n17, 576
Ibrāhīm b. Aḥmad al-Māristānī (d. 921/922)
667
Ibrāhīm b. Isḥāq al-Ḥarbī (d. 898)
722
Ibrāhīm b. al-Mahdī l-Mubārak (r. 817-819)
158, 431
Ibrāhīm b. Saʿd (d. 799)
526-527
Ibrāhīm b. Yaʿqūb (fl. 10th cent.)
392
Ibrāhīm I (r. 800-812)
374, 378
Ibrāhīm II (r. 875- 902)
358n85
Ibrāhīm al-Khawwāṣ (d. 897/898)
652, 661-662
Ibrāhīm al-Mawṣilī (d. 804)
441
Iconoclasm
349, 354
Idrīs b. ʿAbdallāh (d. 791)
58
al-Idrīsī (d. 1165)
388n71
Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn (The Revitalization of the Study of Religion) (al-Ghazālī)
506
ikhtiyārāt (choices), branch of astrology
100
Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ (Brethren of Purity)
218, 547, 552
Ilkhanid dynasty
ʿAbbāsid dynasty/caliphate and
267, 276-277, 278, 279, 289, 290
administration of Baghdād by see administration of Baghdād
conquest by see Mongol conquest
construction activities of see construction activities
conversion to Islam
281
court of
11, 293, 297
economic situation during
295-296
end of
295
inhabitants of Baghdād and
29
Islamization of
296
Khwārazm dynasty and
289
Mamluk dynasty and
292, 295, 296
religious policies of
308, 726
residences of
11, 293, 307
restoration of Baghdād see construction activities
Shīʿīs and
37
sources on
286-287
illuminators
80
illustrated manuscripts from Baghdād
Chinese influence on
307
Dioscorides manuscripts
82
illustration without text in
84
Kitāb al-bayṭara
81, 83
Kitāb naʿt al-ḥayawān
82
Maqāmāt manuscripts
in Bibliothèque National in Paris (1236)
33, 81-82, 83-84, 85, 86
in Saint Petersburg
82, 85, 86
in Süleymaniye Library in Istanbul
82, 84-86
Marzubān-nāma
82
Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ
82
two-page illustrations in
83-84, 86-87
ʿImād al-Dawla (r. 934-949)
197, 203
Imāmī Shīʿism/Imāmī Shīʿīs (later Twelver Shīʿīs)
in Baghdād
35-36, 37, 598
Būyid dynasty and
198
doctrines of
598-599, 600-601, 602
imāms, legitimacy of
597-602
immitation of God (tashabbuh bi-llāh)
551
immortality, of human soul
551-552
Imperial Byzantine Church (al-Rūm)
685, 703-704
infrastructural projects
2, 4
inhabitants
of Antioch
131-132
of Asoristan
137
of Baghdād
in general
324, 815, 823, 828, 829
Būyid dynasty and
202
Ilkhanid dynasty and
29
lack of etiquette of
509
poetry and
434
segregation and
8-9, 25, 239
social groups see social groups in Baghdād
of Constantinople
359
in Ctesiphon urban complex
135-136
of Madīnat al-Salām
28, 71, 146
Inquisition (miḥna)
535n7, 606, 619, 629, 631
Inṣāf fī mā yajibu iʿtiqādahū wa-lā yajūzu l-jahl bi-hī (The Judgment about What Should be Believed and Should not be Ignored) (al-Bāqillānī)
216
inshāʾ (prose style)
447, 449, 456
inspector of the endowments (nāẓir al-awqāf)
298-299
intellectual life see knowledge production in Baghdād
intellectuals see scholars/litterateurs
international trade
34
inter-religious debates
576-577, 716-717, 720-721, 753-755, 756-757, 773-775
intoxication (sukr)
644, 660, 670, 675
investiture diplomas
699-702
al-ʿIqd al-farīd (The Unique Necklace) (Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih)
447n35
al-Īrānshahrī (fl. 9th cent.)
587
Irbil
268, 276
irrigation
132-134, 302-303, 794
ʿĪsā b. ʿAlī (d. 1001)
419, 454
Isaac (d. 410/411) (bishop)
683
Isaac (Jewish envoy)
374, 375, 391, 690
Isaac Ben Ezra (fl. 10th cent.)
757
al-Isfarāyīnī, Abū Ḥāmid (d. 1016)
476
al-Isfarāyīnī, Nūr al-Dīn (d. 1317)
306
Isḥāq b. Ḥunayn (d. 910)
565, 718, 719
Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm al-Ṭāhirī (d. 849/850)
710
Īshōʿbokht I (d. 780)
699
Īshōʿyahb bar Malkon (d. 1246)
726
Īshōʿyahb I (r. 582-595)
686
Īshōʿyahb II (628-645)
687, 688, 691
Īshōʿyahb III (649-659)
689
Isidore of Charax (fl. 1st cent.)
122
Islam
Muslims; schools and branches
apocalyptic traditions in
341
Byzantine Empire and
341-344, 355-356, 357
conversions to
of Christians
696, 711, 723
of Zoroastrians
773-775
disinterest in the non-Muslim other
387
Niketas’s polemic against
357
religious festivals of
23-24
theology see theology
Islamic/Islamicate, use of terms
532
Ismāʿīl b. ʿUlayya (d. 808/809)
618
Ismāʿīlī Shīʿism/Ismāʿīlī Shīʿīs
36, 290, 485, 486, 598, 602
ʿIṣmat Khātūn (d. 1141)
253
ʿIṣmatiyya Madrasa (Baghdād)
293
Israel of Kashkar (d. 877)
724-725
al-Iṣṭakhrī l-Fārisī, Ibrāhīm (d. 961)
388n71, 808, 817
Ītākh al-Khazarī (d. 849)
159, 163
iʿtibār (experimentation)
583-584
Itinerarium (The Itinerary) (Riccoldo da Montecroce)
771, 823
īwāns (great halls)
in general
10
of Bishriyya Madrasa
90, 91
of Khosrow II
125-126, 815n140, 816
of Mirjāniyya Madrasa
459
of Mustanṣiriyya Madrasa
89, 482-483, 811
of Niẓāmiyya Madrasa (Khargird)
250
in Sasanian Ctesiphon
125-126, 125
ʿIzz al-Dawla (r. 967-978)
206-207, 208, 213
Jacob, Rabbi (fl. 13th cent.)
820n159
Jacob bar Shakkō (d. 1241)
726
Jacob Baradaeus (d. 578)
685
Jacobites see West Syrian Church
Jadhwat al-muqtabis (The Firebrand for the Seeker of Illumination) (al-Ḥumaydī)
717
Jaʿfar b. al-Manṣūr (the Elder, d. 767)
151
Jaʿfar b. Yaḥyā l-Barmakī (d. 803)
10, 155, 158
Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (d. 765)
598, 616, 667
al-Jaʿfariyya/al-Mutawakkiliyya (palatial city)
164-165, 184
al-Jāḥiẓ, ʿAmr b. Baḥr (d. 868/869)
on Baghdād
66
life of
448
on Muʿtazilism
629
style of
449-450
works of
advice for teachers
496
al-Bukhalāʾ
28
Kitāb al-bayān wa-tabyīn
449
Kitāb al-ḥayawān
448-450
al-Radd ʿalā l-Naṣārā
721
used as source
805
Jahm b. Ṣafwān (d. 746)
609-612, 616-617
Jalāl al-Dawla (r. 1027-1044)
230
Jalāl al-Dīn Mingbirnī (r. 1220-1231)
288n13, 289
Jalāyirid dynasty
297, 458
jamʿ (joining with God)
655
Jamāl al-Dīn Dastgirdānī (d. 1297)
300
jami
353
Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿanʾwīl āy Qurʾān (The Comprehensive Collection of Expositions of the Interpretation of the Verses of the Qurʾān) (al-Ṭabarī)
498-499
Jāmiʿ al-Mahdī (Baghdād)
476
Jāmiʿ al-Manṣūr (Baghdād)
476
Jāmiʿ al-Qaṣr (Caliphal Palace Friday Mosque) (Baghdād)
174, 239, 251, 293, 294, 308, 476
Jāmiʿ al-Sulṭān (Sultan’s Friday Mosque) (Baghdād)
11, 12, 249
Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh (The Compendium of Chronicles) (Rashīd al-Dīn)
285, 287, 384n50
Janos, Damien
xl, 531-588, 718
Jarīriyya (Ṣūfī order)
38
jāriyas (female slaves)
34-35
al-Jarmī (prisoner of war/writer)
391
Jāthilīq Monastery (Baghdād)
705, 707, 709
al-Jawād, Muḥammad (d. 835)
619
Jawad, Muṣṭafā
102
al-Jawharī, al‐ʿAbbās b. Saʿīd (fl. 9th cent.)
563
Jazīra
697-698
Jerusalem
340, 377
Jesus, Prophet
683
Jewish academies
in Babylonia
731, 732
in Baghdād see Pumbedita Yeshiva; Sura Yeshiva
Jewish communities
Jews; Judaism
in Babylonia
731-733
in Baghdād
academies of see Pumbedita Yeshiva; Sura Yeshiva
in Bāb al-Muḥawwal
735
during Būyid rule
748
in Darb al-ʿAwn quarter
736
demography of
735-737
economic life of
733, 746
exilarchate/exilarchs see exilarchate/exilarchs
during Ilkhanid rule
306
in al-Karkh
39, 735
Mongol administration and
295, 297
prosperity of
247
during Saljūq rule
750-751
security of
752-753
size of
736-737
sources on
733-734
synagogues of
736, 745-746
in Vēh Ardashīr
128-129, 138
Jews
Jewish communities; Judaism; Jews
conversion to Islam of
757
dress codes for
751
knowledge production by see knowledge production in Baghdād
occupations of
746-748
openness towards Christians
756-757
persecution/abuse of
295, 307, 732, 748-752
taxation of
303, 748
Jia Dan (d. 805)
400
Jibrīl (Gabriel)
611
Jibrīl b. Bakhtīshūʿ (d. 829)
713, 718
jihād (religiously sanctioned war)
276
jizya (poll tax)
303, 692, 693, 697, 701
Job of Edessa (d. after 832)
718
Johannes-Ovadiah (fl. 12th cent.)
751
John IV Ṣalība (r. 1075-1106)
703
John of Damascus (d. 749)
344
John the Grammarian (fl. 510-520)
351, 352-353, 352
joining with God (jamʿ)
655
Joseph (r. 790-792)
701-702
al-Jubbāʾī (d. 915)
721
Judaism
Jewish communities; Jews
ʿAbbāsid dynasty and
738
Christian refutation of
725, 726
Constantine’s refutation of
357
Islamic refutations of
725-726
Sasanian dynasty and
731-732
Judeo-Arabic language
755
judges (qāḍīs)
29, 298, 299, 527
chief judges
judiciary in Baghdād
24
law
Julian (r. 360-363)
124
al-Jumaḥī (d. 845)
451
al-Junayd (d. 910)
in general
658
disciples of
668, 671, 673
division of pious by
634
doctrines of
659-660, 674
Ibn ʿAṭāʾ and
667
on al-Nassāj
652
on al-Nūrī
654, 655
on Ruwaym
656-657
Ṣūfī terminology of
659, 661n158, 676
teachers of
647, 658
on al-Wāsiṭī
673
Jundishapur
Academy of Jundishapur
synod at
684
al-Jurayrī (d. 924)
663, 667
Jurjūth Monastery (Qaṭrabbul)
708
Justinian I (r. 527-565)
340
Juwaynī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn (d. 1283)
as Baghdād’s governor
293, 295, 300
construction activities of
37, 301, 302-303
life of
293
works of, Taʾrīkh-i Jahān Gushā
266
Juwaynī, Hārūn b. Shams al-Dīn (d. 1286)
295
Juwaynī family
295
al-Kāfī (The Sufficient [Work]) (al-Kulaynī)
36
al-Kalābādhī, Abū Bakr (d. between 990-995)
657, 677
al-Kalbī, Abū Thawr (d. 854)
658
Kalīlīshūʿ Monastery (Baghdād)
705, 707, 709
Kallfelz, Wolfgang
695
Kallinikos of Heliopolis (fl. 650)
344
al-Kāmil fī l-adab (The Perfection of Cultivated Behavior and Learning) (al-Mubarrad)
451-452
al-Kāmil fī l-taʾrīkh (The Complete [Work] on History) (Ibn al-Athīr)
200, 229, 266, 801
Kanz mulūk fī kayfiyyat al-sulūk (The Treasure of Princes or the Fashion of Behavior) (Sibṭ b. al-Jawzī)
498
karāma (mystical charisma)
649
Karkar
490
al-Karkh (city)
2
al-Karkh (neighborhood of Baghdād)
book trade in
31
building of
796
churches in
708
as commercial center
6-7
Jewish community in
39, 735
library in
490
markets in
15
monasteries in
707, 709
Saljūq building activities in
249
Shīʿī community in
8, 36, 239, 240
sources on
811-812
tensions between Baṣra Gate and
208-209
wall around
16
Kashfmaḥjūb (The Unveiling of the Veiled) (al-Hujwīrī)
675, 677
Katah Bridge (Baghdād)
819
al-Kātib al-Iṣfahānī (d. 1201)
229
Kaysāniyya (sect)
599
Kāẓimayn Shrines (Baghdād)
615
construction of
6, 36
reconstruction of
37, 293
as Shīʿī center
305
Kennedy, Hugh
125, 136, 146, 150, 169, 173, 386
khabar (prose style)
443, 453
Khadīja bt. Muḥammad (fl. 11th cent.)
35
Khālid b. ʿAbd al-Malik al-Marwarrūdhī (fl. 830s)
564
Khālid b. Barmak (d. 782)
71
Khālid b. Yazīd (d. 704/709)
345n22
Khālid al-Qaṣrī (d. 743/744)
766
al-Khallāl, Abū Bakr (d. 923)
217, 610-611, 698
Khan al-Mirjān (Baghdād)
16, 17
khānqāhs see Ṣūfī lodges in Baghdād
khāns (hotels with storage-rooms)
16, 17
kharāj (land tax)
303, 317
Khargird
249n49, 250
Khārijite Muslims
602
al-Kharrāz, Abū Saʿīd (d. 899)
649-651
Khāṣikī Mosque (Baghdād)
75-76, 75
khāṣṣ (The Elect)
635
al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī (d. 1071)
on Baghdād
in general
50-51, 796, 797-798
on Anbārī Mosque Quarter
8-9
caliphs not dying in
47, 59
as center of world
513
on Jewish quarter
735
on al-Bukhārī
500-501
on Byzantine-ʿAbbāsid contacts
362
on ḥadīth
497
on al-Junayd
659
on Khadīja bt. Muḥammad
35
life of
499-500, 796
on Madīnat al-Salām
in general
69, 796
foundation of
53
security arrangements for
72
on Wakīʿ
102, 103
works of
sources used for
796-797
Taqyīdʿilm
497, 500
Taʾrīkh Baghdād
35, 50-51, 199, 229, 500, 513, 735, 796
used as source
799, 831
al-khaṭṭ al-mansūb script
78, 79
al-Khayzurān bt. ʿAṭāʾ al-Jurashiyya (d. 789)
34, 414-415, 416
Khayzurān Cemetery
152-153, 239
Khayzurān Cemetery (Baghdād)
8
Khiḍr (wise figure)
661-662
Khizānat al-Kutub (The Treasury of Books) (Karkar)
490
Khosrow I (r. 531-579)
2, 117, 131-132, 686
Khosrow II (r. 590-628)
arrest of
126
construction activities of
124, 125, 125, 126
Lakhmid dynasty and
123
military activities of
117
refuge of, in Vēh Ardashīr
131
religious policies of
686-687, 703
al-Khujandī (d. 1000)
221
Khuld Palace (Baghdād)
26, 74, 154-155, 158n72
al-Khuldī, Jaʿfar (d. 959)
673-674
Khurāsān
152, 154, 156, 671, 677
Khurāsānians
26, 28, 258, 634
khuṭba (oratory) style
443, 449
Khuṭbat al-manām (The Sermon on Dreams) (Ibn Nubāta)
456
Khwārazmian dynasty
266-267, 288-289
al-Khwārizmī, Muḥammad b. Mūsā (d. 840/845)
389, 559, 572
khwarrah (divine grace)
135
Kibāb Monastery (Baghdād)
707
al-Kinānī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (d. 854)
488-489
al-Kindī (d. ca. 873)
astrology and
549
on celestial realm
555, 557
collaboration with Christians of
576
on debt to previous thinkers
546
experience and observation and
583
on hylomorphism
585
immortality of the human soul and
552
on philosophy and religion
547-548, 554
scientific polymathy of
571
self-perception of
587
supervising translations from Greek
541, 547
on theory of aether
584
works of
The Book of Pure Good
541, 550, 585-586
al-Radd ʿalā l-Naṣārā
721
The Theology of Aristotle
541, 547, 550, 585-586
King Gotarzes I (r. 91-ca. 80 BCE)
118
King of Kings (shāhānshāh)
204
King’s Canal
118, 122, 123, 124
kiosks (kushks)
251
al-Kirmānī, Ḥamīd al-Dīn (d. ca. 1020)
486
al-Kisāʾī, Abū l-Ḥasan (d. 805)
501, 503
kitab
10
al-Kitāb (The Book) (Sībawayh)
452
Kitāb al-aghānī (The Book of Songs) (Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī)
201, 455, 511, 512, 826
Kitāb ʿajāʾib al-aqālīm al-sabʿa (The Book about the Marvels of the Seven Climes) (Suhrāb)
807
Kitāb al-aʿlāq al-nafīsa (The Book of Precious Things) (Ibn Rusta)
806
Kitāb al-āthār al-bāqiya ʿan al-qurūn al-khāliya (The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries) (al-Bīrūnī)
98-100, 99, 100
Kitāb al-awrāq (The Book of the Leaves) (al-Ṣūlī)
151, 420, 451, 792-793
Kitāb al-badʾ wa-l-taʾrīkh (The Book of the Origin [of the World] and the History) (al-Maqdisī)
793
Kitāb Baghdād (The Book of Baghdād) (Ibn Abī Ṭāhir Ṭayfūr)
2n5, 50-51, 451, 489n63, 492, 788-789
Kitāb al-bayān wa-tabyīn (The Book of Clarity and Clarification) (al-Jāḥiẓ)
449
Kitāb al-bayṭara (The Book of Animal Treatment)
81, 83
Kitāb al-buldān (The Book of Regions) (Ibn al-Faqīh)
98, 804-805
Kitāb al-buldān (The Book of Regions) (al-Yaʿqūbī)
50-51, 102, 805-806
Kitāb al-dīn wa-l-dawla (The Book of the Religion and Empire) (Rabban al-Ṭabarī)
723
Kitāb al-diyārāt (The Book of Monasteries) (al-Shābushtī)
687, 706, 710, 828
Kitābdurar (The Book in Praise of God) (al-Ḥarīzī)
735n18
Kitāb faḍāʾil Baghdād al-ʿIrāq (The Book about the Virtues of Baghdād in Iraq) (Yazdgird b. Mihbandār al-Fārisī)
805, 829
Kitāb fī Qurʾān (The Book of Understanding the Qurʾān) (Ibn ʿAṭā)
668
Kitāb fī jawāmiʿ ʿilm al-nujūm (The Compendium of the Science of the Stars) (al-Farghānī)
561, 563
Kitāb al-hadāyā wa-l-tuḥaf (The Book of Gifts and Rarities) (anon.)
151
Kitāb al-ḥawādith (The Book of Events) (anon.)
265-266, 286
Kitāb al-ḥāwī fī l-ṭibb (The Comprehensive Book on Medicine) (al-Rāzī)
491, 566, 570
Kitāb al-ḥayawān (The Book of the Living or The Book of the Animals) (al-Jāḥiẓ)
448-450
Kitābḥayda (The Book of Evasion) (al-Kinānī)
489
Kitāb al-imtāʿ wa-l-muʾānasa (The Book of Delight and Conviviality) (al-Tawḥīdī)
201, 455
Kitāb al-jam ʿbayna raʾyay al-ḥakīmayn (On the Harmonization of the Views of the Divine Plato and Aristotle) (al-Fārābī)
554
Kitāb kāmil al-ṣināʿa l-ṭibbiyya (The Comprehensive Book of the Medicinal Art) (al-Majūsī)
220, 567
Kitāb al-kashf wa-l-bayān (The Book of Unveiling and Elucidation) (al-Kharrāz)
649
Kitāb al-kharāj (The Book of Taxes) (Abū Yūsuf)
604, 691-692, 694
Kitāb lumaʿ ī l-taṣawwuf (The Book of Flashes of Sufism) (al-Sarrāj)
647, 662, 668, 677
Kitābmaʿārif (The Book of Knowledge) (Ibn Qutayba)
509
Kitāb al-maghāzī (The Book of Campaigns or The Biography of the Prophet) (Ibn Isḥāq)
523
Kitāb al-majdal (The Book of the Tower) (ʿAmr b. Mattā)
688
Kitāb al-majdal (The Book of the Tower) (Mārī b. Sulaymān)
687-688
Kitāb al-manthūr wa-l-manẓūm (The Book of Prose and Poetry) (Ibn Abī Ṭāhir Ṭayfūr)
451
Kitāb maqātilṬālibiyyīn (The Book of the Killing of the Ṭālibids) (Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī)
512n136
Kitāb al-masālik wa-l-mamālik (The Book of Itineraries and Reigns) (Ibn Khurdādhbih)
389-391
Kitāb al-masālik wa-l-mamālik (The Book of the Itineraries and Reigns) (al-Bakrī)
808
Kitāb al-masālik wa-l-mamālik (The Book of the Itineraries and Reigns) (Ibn Ḥawqal)
817-818
Kitāb al-masālik wa-l-mamālik (The Book of the Itineraries and Reigns) (al-Iṣṭakhrī)
388n71, 817
Kitāb al-milal wa-l-niḥal (The Book about the Religions and Sects) (al-Shahrastānī)
723
Kitāb al-muwashshā (The Book of the Embroidered Dress) (Ibn al-Washshāʾ)
452, 511
Kitābʿ (The Treatise on Abrogation of the Law) (Samuel ben Ḥophni)
754
Kitāb naʿt al-ḥayawān (The Book of the Characteristics of Animals)
82
Kitābḥ al-sunna (The Explanation of the Prophet’s Customs) (Ghulām Khalīl)
505
Kitābṣidq (The Book of Truthfulness) (al-Kharrāz)
650
Kitābsirr (The Book of Secrets) (al-Kharrāz)
651
Kitāb ṣūrat al-arḍ (The Book of the Image of the World) (Ibn Ḥawqal)
817-818
Kitāb al-ṭabaqāt al-kabīr (The Great Book of Classes) (Ibn Saʿd)
453
Kitāb al-ṭabīkh (The Book of Cooked Food) (Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq)
23n73
Kitāb al-tājī (The Book of the Crown) (al-Ṣābiʾ)
200
Kitāb al-tanbīh wa-l-ishrāf (The Book of Notification and Supervision) (al-Masʿūdī)
791
Kitāb ṭawāsīn (The Book of the Eleven Traits) (al-Ḥallāj)
665
Kitāb al-tawfīq (The Book about the Concordance) (Ibn al-Khammār/Ibn Suwār)
554, 720
Kitāb uṣūl al-dīn (The Fundamental Issues of the Religion) (Elias II b. al-Muqlī)
725
Kitāb al-wuzarāʾ (The Book of Viziers) (al-Ṣūlī)
451
knowledge (ʿilm)
cognition
adab and ʿamal and
497
classification of
474n4
of God
654, 656, 657
light and
641-642
production of see knowledge production
knowledge production
in general
531-532
in Alexandria
544
in Baghdād see knowledge production in Baghdād
in Baṣra
218
in Byzantine Empire
349, 354
diversity of
535
inter-disciplinary nature of
534-535
medicine and
569-570
in Medina see Medinan scholars
religion and
533-534, 553-555, 560
translation activities and
in general
539-541
from Greek
539, 541-542
vocabulary for
541
knowledge production in Baghdād
book production/trade; literary activities in Baghdād; specific subjects of knowledge
in general
588
astrology see astrology
astronomy see astronomy
book production/trade and
538-539
during Būyid rule
211-219, 220, 221, 222, 717
Byzantine influence on
537
by Christians
715-726
in general
536-537, 715-716, 717-718, 727
apologetical treatises
723-725, 726
astronomers/astrologers
713
in debate with Muslims
576-577, 716-717
in exchange with Muslims
716, 727
physicians
713, 714
theological debates
716-717, 720-721
translation activities
536-537, 565, 718-719
commentaries
542-543, 547, 557
disciplinary overlap and
570-572
geography see geography
in hospitals see hospitals
during Ilkhanid rule
307
institutional context of
574-581
by Jews
753-757
apologetical treatises
726, 754
astrology
753
astronomers/astrologers
753
legal treatises
755-756
theological debates
753-755, 756-757
by Manichaeans
776
mathematics
549
Medinan scholars and see Medinan scholars
metaphysics see metaphysics
methodological approaches to
546, 581-582
Muʿtazilism and
574
in observatories see observatories
originality and innovativeness of
586-587
Persian influence on
537
philosophers see philosophers
philosophy see philosophy
physics
549, 583
reasons for
218-219
reliance on authority and
584-585
Responsa literature
558
by scholars/litterateurs see scholars/litterateurs
short epistles and essays
558
sponsoring of
538
Summae literature
557-558
systemic contradictions and
572-573
translation activities see translation activities
by Zoroastrians
773-775
Knüttel, Christoph
104n6
Kōkhē see Vēh Ardashīr
König, Daniel
387
Kraemer, Joel
454, 575
Kratchkovsky, Ignaty
392
Kūfa
birth of Arabo-Islamic culture in
439-440
as center of Shīʿī traditionalism
614-616
construction activities at
145
foundation legends of
52, 58
grammar school of
501
Ibāḍī education centers in
487
kufr (unbelief)
602, 651
al-Kulaynī (d. 941)
36, 616-617, 624
kushks (kiosks)
251
kuttāb/kātib see ʿAbbāsid officials/bureaucrats; Saljūq officials/bureaucrats
Lakhmid dynasty
123
land grants
146, 161, 207
land tax (kharāj)
303, 317
languages
translation activities; specific langauges
usage of
in Jewish legal treatises
755-756
in Zoroastrianism
768-769
Laoust, Henri
606-607
Lassner, Jacob
50, 68, 69-71, 102, 105, 145, 789
law
legal treatises; Sharīʿa law
Zoroastrian
769
Law of Deposits (Saʿadya)
755
law schools in Baghdād see specific law schools
Le Strange, Guy
2n5, 20, 102, 104, 153, 158n72, 178, 707, 708, 709, 807
learning see education
legal treatises
on Christians’ status
691-692
Jewish
755-756
Zoroastrian
769-770
Leo Choirosphaktes (d. 919)
360
Leo III (r. 717-741)
343, 350
Leo VI (r. 886-912)
358, 359
Leo the Mathematician/Leo the Philosopher (d. 869)
353
Lesser Zab River
132
Lewis, Bernard
301
lexicographers/lexicography
440
Li Mi (d. 789)
400
Liber peregrinationis (The Book of Travel) (Riccoldo da Montecroce)
771, 823
libraries
ʿAbbāsid sponsorship of
82
in Baghdād
Bayt al-Ḥikma
447-448, 488-490, 577
Dār al-ʿIlm
490
private
494
book reading in
446
of Būyid amīrs and viziers
221
higher education and
488-490, 494
of Marāgha Observatory
304
of monasteries
544, 709
of mosques and madrasas
490
of Mustanṣiriyya Madrasa
304-305, 483
(semi) public
221, 490
sponsoring of
82, 490
Life of Alexander (Plutarch)
62
light (nūr)
641-642
literary activities in Baghdād
book trade/production; libraries
in general
221, 460-461
anthologies
451-452
apologetical treatises see apologetical treatises
artistic prose see prose
decline of
454, 456, 460
plain prose see prose
poetry see poetry
poets and
427
revival of
454, 458
self-supporting author/book entrepreneurs and
31, 445
literature, subdivisions of
419
litterateurs see scholars/litterateurs
Liudprand of Cremona (d. 972)
409
logic
546, 581-584, 716
L’Orange, Hans Peter
103
Louis the Pious (r. 814-840)
376-377
love (ḥubb)
for God
648, 654, 657, 675
knowledge of God and
656
zuhd and
644
love lyrics (ghazal)
429
Lower Harbour Quarter (Baghdād)
6, 7
al-Lubāb (The Essence) (Ibn al-Athīr)
814
Maʿānī Qurʾān (The Meaning of the Qurʾān) (al-Farrāʾ)
503
al-Maʿarrī (d. 1057/1058)
427, 490
Mabrakta
134
Macedonian Renaissance
354
al-Madāʾin (the cities)
114
Ctesiphon urban complex
Madelung, Wilferd
603, 614
madhhabs see study circles
Madīnat al-Salām (The City of Peace)
constructions
abandonment of
9, 26, 466
as ʿAbbāsid residence
9
al-Anbār as precursor to
145
arcades (ṭāqāt) of
70
buildings in
in general
70
Golden Gate Palace
3, 73-74
Manṣūr Mosque see Manṣūr Mosque
as circular/round shaped
53-54, 67, 102-105, 803-804, 826, 832
construction of
3-4, 804
damage to
157, 178, 467
dimensions of
67n3, 70-71
domed chambers in
69
expansions of
74
foundation of
in general
111, 323, 790-791, 799-800
legends surrounding see foundation legends
reason for
121
functions of
74
gates
60-61, 69, 74
as imagined city
785
inhabitants of
28, 71, 146
judge appointed to
209
location of
52-53
longevity of
184
markets banned from
72-73
name of
3, 73-74
open spaces in
69-70
as oval shaped
104, 105, 106
planning of
53, 71, 466
prayer niche (miḥrāb) from
75-76, 75
reconstruction of
67-76, 68
security arrangements for
72
as symbol of ʿAbbāsid sovereignty
74-75
Vēh Ardashīr as inspiration for
63, 112, 128, 138
mention of
6
Madīnat Ṭughril (palatial complex)
248-249
Madīnat al-Zahrāʾ (palatial city)
188
madrasas
in Baghdād see madrasas in Baghdād
cohesiveness or religious learning and
484
connection with shrines
480
curriculum at
479n20
far eastern origin of
480
libraries at
490
purpose of
479, 480
sponsoring of
251, 252, 253, 293, 479
spread of
478
study framework at
479-480
madrasas in Baghdād
madrasas
in general
18-19, 32, 305, 457
Abū Ḥanīfa Madrasa
251, 255, 478, 800
Bishriyya Madrasa
90-91, 91
decoration of
90-91, 91
Ghiyāthiyya Madrasa
251
during Ilkhanid rule
458
ʿIṣmatiyya Madrasa
293
local impact of
256
Mirjāniyya Madrasa
18, 19, 458, 458, 459
Mustanṣiriyya Madrasa see Mustanṣiriyya Madrasa
Nāṣiriyya Madrasa
272
Niẓāmiyya Madrasa see Niẓāmiyya Madrasa
religious affiliations of
in general
254, 478
Ḥanafī
255
Ḥanbalī
255-256, 478
Shāfiʿī
255, 478
sponsoring of
by ʿAbbāsid officials
251
by Ḥanbalīs
252
by Saljūq officials
249
by women
253, 293
Ṣūfī lodges and
271-272
Madrid Skylitzes
345, 348, 352, 409
al-Maghribī, Samawʾal (d. 1175)
757
al-Mahānī (fl. 9th cent.)
563
al-Mahdī (r. 775-785)
administrative/military education of
152
astrology and
715
coinage of
468
construction activities of
in general
12, 74, 152, 789, 802
correlation between military activities and
153, 182
as governor of Khurāsān
152
inviting Medinan scholars to Baghdād
524, 526
military activities of
152, 183
al-Miṣrī on
411
pilgrimage to Mecca
153
poetry and
429, 435
regnal name of
152
religious policies of
618, 690, 701, 766
sharing rule with son(s)
153
succession of
153-154, 416
Timothy I and
577, 691, 716-717
tutor of
440
mention of
4, 72
al-mahdī (The Rightly Guided One)
598, 599
al-Mahdiyya (palatial city)
188
Maḥmūd II (r. 1118-1131)
249, 696, 751
Māḥōzē see Vēh Ardashīr
al-Majālis al-Baghdādiyya wa-l-Baṣriyya (The Baghdādī and Baṣran Lectures) (al-Kirmānī)
486
majālisḥikma (sessions of wisdom)
486-487
majālis/majlis see scholarly sessions; study circles
Majmaʿ al-ādāb fī muʿjam al-alqāb (The Abridgement of the Collected Literatures: The Dictionary of Nicknames) (Ibn al-Fuwaṭī)
286
Makdisi, George
479n20, 480, 831
al-Makkī, Abū Ṭālib (d. 996)
658, 677
al-Makkī, ʿAmr (d. 908)
664
Makkīkhā I b. Sulaymān al-Qankānī (r. 1092-1110)
700, 725
Malāmatiyya (The Blamers)
634, 671
Mālik b. Anas (d. 795)
525-526, 528, 529, 601, 645
al-Malik al-Raḥīm (r. 1048-1055)
231
Malik Shāh (r. 1073-1092)
11, 231, 233, 249
Maʿmar b. Rāshid (d. 770)
611
Mamluk dynasty
292, 295, 296
al-Maʾmūn (r. 813-833)
accession to rule of
157, 416
administrative/military education of
156
affinity for learning
492
alleged Christian martyrdom of
712
as arbitrator in debates
489
astronomy/astrology and
491, 564, 580, 715
Carolingian dynasty and
377
construction activities of
10, 159, 185
death of
158, 160
al-Kinānī and
489
literary salons and
491-492
military activities of
158, 347
military personnel of
28
al-Miṣrī on
411
Muʿtazilī sympathies of
574
philosophy and
574
physicians of
718
poetry and
433
religious policies of
503-504, 535n7, 618-619, 701-702, 738
religious tolerance of
775
residences of
9, 26-27, 158
spending of revenues by
186
sponsoring by
538, 564, 574
succession of
157-158, 169
Sufism and
636
Theophilos and
353
translation movement and
496
world map of
388n71
Manāqib al-aʾimma l-arbaʿa (The Virtues of the Four Imāms) (al-Bāqillānī)
216
Manāqib Baghdād (The Virtues of Baghdād) (Ibn al-Fuwaṭī)
829-830
Mandaeism/Mandaeans
emergence of
767
place of worship
772
religious system of
780-781
residences of
771-772
Mani (d. 276)
766, 771-772, 776, 780-781
Manichaeism/Manichaeans
in Baghdād
40, 778-779, 781-782
centers of
776-777, 779
Chinese connection and
779
at Ctesiphon urban complex
766, 777
dualist worldview
770
knowledge production by
776
organizational structure of
766
persecution of
653, 766, 770, 778, 781
Sasanian dynasty and
770
schism within
776-777
sources on
767-768
Turkic connections and
779
urban focus of
771
Zoroastrianism and
770-771
al-Manṣūr (r. 754-775)
astronomy/astrology and
98-100, 466, 715
on Baghdād
401
Carolingian dynasty and
373-374
construction activities of
correlation between military activities and
147, 182
infrastructural projects
4
Khuld Palace
26, 74
Madīnat al-Salām see Madīnat al-Salām
Manṣūr Mosque see Manṣūr Mosque
al-Rāfiqa see al-Rāfiqa
al-Ruṣāfa
792
geographical studies and
389
inviting Medinan scholars to Baghdād
523, 524
military activities of
146-147, 183
military personnel of
6, 28, 146
al-Miṣrī on
411
nicknames of
55-57
poetry and
429
regnal name of
147
religious policies of
617-618, 701
sharing rule with son(s)
151-152
Tang emperor and
3n12
Manṣūr b. ʿAmmār (d. 840)
636, 638
al-Manṣūr bi-Naṣr Allāh (r. 946-953)
188
Manṣūr Mosque (Baghdād)
in general
12
debates in
217
extension of
155
higher education at
458
prayer niche (miḥrāb) from
75-76, 75
qibla of
69n10
renovation of
173, 176
mention of
3
al-Manṣūriyya (palatial city)
188
manuscripts see Qurʾān production in Baghdād
Mappae Mundi
382
maps
of Asoristan
133
of Baghdād
medieval
382-383, 383
neighborhoods
5
of Byzantine Empire
343
of Ctesiphon urban complex
120
of the world
388n71
maqālas (essays)
558
Maqāmāt (al-Ḥarīrī) manuscripts
xiv, 33, 86, 212, 318, 321, 332, 402, 421, 430, 446, 477, 508, 525, 527
in Bibliothèque National in Paris (1237)
81-82, 83-84
in Saint Petersburg
82, 85, 86
in Süleymaniye Library in Istanbul
82, 84-86
Maqāmāt (The Sessions) (Badīʿ al-Zamān al-Hamadhānī)
456
Maqāmāt qulūb (The Stations of the Heart) (al-Nūrī)
652, 655
al-Maqdisī (al-Muqaddasī) (d. ca. 1000)
214, 816
al-Maqdisī, Abū Sulaymān (fl. 10th cent.)
218
al-Maqdisī, al-Muṭahhar b. Ṭāhir (fl. 10th cent.)
793
al-Maqrīzī
304-305
Mār Bākhūs Church (Baghdād)
708
Mār Fathyūn Monastery (Baghdād)
705, 709
Mār Jirjis Monastery (north of Baghdād)
708
Mār Sarjīs Church (Baghdād)
708
Mār Tūmā Church (Baghdād)
706, 708, 710
Mār Tūmā Monastery (Sāmarrāʾ)
708
Marāgha Observatory (Baghdād)
304
Marāṣid al-iṭṭilāʿ (The Observatories for Examination) (ʿAbd al-Muʾmin b. ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq al-Baghdādī)
813-814
Mardāvīj b. Ziyār (d. 935)
196, 203
Mārī b. Sulaymān (fl. 12th cent.)
229, 687-688, 700
maʿrifa (cognition)
646, 654, 656, 657, 661, 669-670
knowledge
Marin Sanudo (d. 1338)
301
al-Marīsī, Bishr (d. 833)
638
maritime trade
401-403
Mark Anthony (d. 30 BCE)
116
markets in Baghdād
in general
2, 15-16, 318, 318
in Arabic sources
791, 793, 802
Bookseller’s Market
31, 217-218, 445, 446, 451
Sūq al-ʿAtīqa
735
Sūq al-Thulathāʾ
317
Sūq al-Ṭīb
16
marriage
642-643
al-Marrūdhī, Abū Bakr (d. 888)
622
Maʿrūf al-Karkhī (d. 815)
in general
642-643
acceptance by Sunnī traditionalists
643-644
disciples of
647
doctrines of
644
opposition to marriage of
642-643
shrine of
7, 7, 251, 643, 643
Mārūthā (r. 629-649)
702
Marwān b. Abī Ḥafṣa (d. ca. 797)
434
Marwān II (r. 744-750)
143
Mary (daughter of Emperor Maurice)
130
Marzūbāniyya Hospice (Baghdād)
272, 272
Marzubān-nāma (The Writing of the Marzubān)
82
Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār (The Itineraries of Insight: The Reigns of the Cities) (Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī)
388n71
Māshāʾ Allāh b. Atharī (d. ca. 815)
59, 98, 101, 753
mashrabiyyas (window lattices)
22, 23
Masjid al-Khulafāʾ (The Caliphs’ Mosque) (Baghdād)
12, 13
Masliah (Jewish judge from Palermo)
756-757
Massignon, Louis
665
master-disciple relationship
558, 574-575
Masʿūd (r. 1134-1152)
235, 249
al-Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 956/957)
on ʿAbbāsid court
415
Abū Zakariyyāʾ Denḥā and
717
on Baghdād
791
on Byzantine-ʿAbbāsid contacts
362
on Frankish emperors/Franks
384-385
on Madīnat al-Salām
792
on al-Miṣrī
418-419
on al-Mutawakkil
162n89
works of
Kitāb al-tanbīh wa-l-ishrāf
791
Murūj al-dhahab wa-maʿādin al-jawhar
199, 384-385, 456, 791
used as source
808
mathematics
535, 543, 548-549, 570
Maude Bridge (Baghdād)
433
Maurice (r. 582-602)
132
Mauro, Fra (d. 1556)
381, 383
mausolea see shrines/mausolea/tombs
al-Māwardī, Abū l-Ḥasan (d.1058)
498
Mayhanī family
258
Mazyadid dynasty
187, 234, 236, 335
medaillons
166
medicine
physicians
experience and observation in
582, 583
Galen’s humoral theory of
569
Greek legacies in
567-568
Indian-Persian legacies in
537, 566, 567
monasteries and education in
709
philosophy and
569-570
psychology and
569
translations of works on
539, 565
works used in
566-567
Medina (formerly Yathrib)
117
scholars from see Medinan scholars
Medinan scholars
in general
521-522
in Baghdād
ʿAbbāsids’ invitation for relocation to
522-528, 529
ʿAbbāsids’ poor relationship with
528
integration of
528-529
sponsoring of
524, 525, 526
Meinas Sabatha/Sābāṭ Madāʾin/Valāsh-Ābād
123
Melchert, Christopher
xl, 476n8, 597-625, 653
Melkite Christians
684, 702, 703-704, 705, 706
membership, of religious communities
682
mental hospitals
569n47, 820
mercantile money-lending
747
merchants
210, 252, 299, 390-391, 400, 746
metallurgical production
319
mints
metaphysics
549-550
Metaphysics (Aristotle)
543, 547, 549, 550
Methodios (d. 885)
356-357
Mez, Adam
454
miaphysitism
683-684, 685, 686
Middle Persian language
768-769
miḥna (Inquisition)
535n7, 606, 619, 629, 631
miḥrāb (prayer niche)
75-76, 75
Il Milione ([The Book by Marco Polo, who is called] the Million-[Man]) (Polo)
824
military activities
of ʿAbbāsid dynasty
in general
149-150
al-Amīn
157, 183
against Byzantine Empire
154, 164, 176, 187, 342, 345-349
in correlation between construction activities
153, 155, 161, 165, 168, 173, 176-177, 181-187
Hārūn al-Rashīd
154, 346
al-Mahdī
152, 183
al-Maʾmūn
158, 347
al-Manṣūr
146-147, 183
al-Muqtadir
175, 176, 183, 412-413
al-Muqtafī
236
al-Mustaḍīʾ
236
al-Mustaʿīn
169, 183
al-Mustarshid
187, 236
al-Muʿtaḍid
28-29, 171, 172-173, 183, 358
al-Muʿtaṣim
156, 159-160, 183, 347
al-Mutawakkil
164
al-Muwaffaq
170, 171
al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh
187
of Būyid dynasty
197
of Sasanian dynasty
117
military camps
433
military governors (shiḥnas)
242-243
military personnel/troops/armies
urban militia
of ʿAbbāsid dynasty
abnāʾ al-dawla
28, 143, 153, 154, 156-157, 163
futuwwa groups and
29, 30
lands granted to
146, 161, 317
of al-Maʾmūn
28
of al-Manṣūr
6, 28, 146
of al-Muqtadir
29
of al-Muqtafī
29
of al-Muʿtaḍid
172
of al-Mutawakkil
163-164
of al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh
29, 30
non-Iraqī origin of
28-29
palatial cities build for
186
payment of
29
Turkish/mamlūk army
28-29, 159, 160, 161, 163-164, 170, 172, 236
of Būyid dynasty
29, 202, 206
of Hülegü
290
of Ilkhanid dynasty
29
of Saljūq dynasty
29, 243
military service, of Christians
693
Minhāj al-karāma fī maʿrifat al-imāma (The Miraculous Way of Knowledge of the Imamate) (al-ʿAllāma l-Ḥillī)
305
mints
166, 249, 300, 319
coinage; currency reforms
Miqlāṣ (fl. 8th cent)
766, 777
Miqlāṣ story
55-56
Mirʾāt al-zamān fī ʾrīkh aʿyān (The Mirror of the Times: The History of Notable Men) (Sibṭ b. al-Jawzī)
229, 266
Mirbad (Baṣra)
440
Mirjāniyya Madrasa (Baghdād)
18, 19, 458, 458, 459
Mirror of Princes literature (adab al-mulūk)
497-498
Miskawayh, Abū ʿAlī (d. 1030)
on Baghdād
in general
793-795
famine in
207
social unrest in
210
on Baghdād’s hinterland
330
on ethics
509-510
immortality of the human soul and
552
on ʿIzz al-Dawla
207
life of
509-510, 793
scientific polymathy of
571
synthetic philosophy of
547
works of
Tahdhīb al-akhlāq
509-510
Tajārib al-umam
151, 199, 330, 571, 793-794
mention of
455
misreadings
372
al-Miṣrī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī
411, 413-414, 416, 418-419
mīthāq (primordial covenant)
641, 651, 661
Mithridates I (r. ca. 165-132 BCE)
115
Mīzānʿamal (The Criterion of Action) (al-Ghazālī)
497, 506
monasteries
in Baghdād
monasteries
in general
2, 828
building of
694, 705-706
educational function of
709
libraries in
544, 709
overview of
706-707
periods of use of
708-709
pleasure function of
709-710
refuge function of
710-711
in Baghdād’s hinterland
708, 828
money changers
746
money lenders
747
Möngke (r. 1251-1259)
290
Mongol conquest
Ilkhanid dynasty
in general
289-290
Badr al-Dīn Luʾluʾ and
268-269
of Baghdād
in general
278-279, 279, 280, 285-286, 285, 290, 513
influence on Latin texts
380-381
mythical dimensions of
285-286
monks
56, 57-58
monotheism
499
Morony, Michael G.
xl, 137, 316, 682-727
mosques
in Baghdād
Barāthā Mosque
12
construction of, as legitimizing policy
186
higher education at
458, 476, 486
Ibn al-Mubārak Mosque
476
Jāmiʿ al-Qaṣr
10, 174, 239, 251, 293, 294, 308, 476
Jāmiʿ al-Sulṭān
11, 12, 249
Khāṣikī Mosque
75-76, 75
libraries at
490
Manṣūr Mosque see Manṣūr Mosque
poetry performances at
432
prayer niches in
75-76, 75
Qamariyya Mosque
275
qibla of
69n10
Ruṣāfa Mosque
8, 12
sources on
793, 797, 799, 800, 802, 827
Umm Jaʿfar Mosque
12-13
in Cairo
486
in Constantinople
344, 355
Mosul
268-269, 703
mowbeds (Zoroastrian high priests)
765
Muʿammar b. ʿAbbād (d. 830)
630
Muʿāwiya b. Abī Sufyān (r. 661- 680)
cursing of
619, 622-623
legitimacy of
600-601, 616
mention of
342
Muʿaẓẓam Gate (Baghdād)
820
al-Mubārak (The Blessed One) (palatial complex)
155
al-Mubarrad (d. 898)
451-452, 494n85
mudawwara (round) see circularity of cities
Mudyān Monastery (Baghdād)
707, 710
al-Mufaḍḍal al-Ḍabbī (d. 786)
440-441
Mufaḍḍaliyyāt (al-Mufaḍḍal’s Anthology of Qaṣīdas) (al-Mufaḍḍal al-Ḍabbī)
440-441
al-Mufīd, al-Shaykh (d. 1022)
484, 613
al-mughtasila (The Bathers)
767
muḥāḍara (practice of)
444n27, 452
adab
al-Muhallabī, Abū Muḥammad (d. 963)
201, 211-212, 454-455, 512, 826
Muḥammad (Prophet)
Companions of
612-613
laudable station of
622
sighting of God by
610-612, 616-617
Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh b. Ḥamdūn (d. 922)
420
Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh al-Ṭanjī see Ibn Baṭṭūṭa
Muḥammad b. Malik Shāh (r. 1105-1118)
249, 251
Muḥammad b. Mūsā b. Shākir (d. 873)
563
Muḥammad b. Rāʾiq (d. 942)
177
Muḥammad b. al-Ṭiqṭaqā (d. 1309)
459
Muḥammad b. al-Zayyāt (d. 847)
448
Muḥammad II (r. 1200-1220)
266-267, 288
Muḥammad al-Shāfiʿī (d. 820)
604
Muḥammad Shāh (r. 1153-1160)
236
Muḥammad al-Taqī (d. 835)
6
Muḥammadiyya see Rayy
al-Muḥāsibī, al-Ḥārith (d. 857)
in general
638-639
disciples of
652, 658
doctrines of
639-640, 659
persecution of
640
Ṣūfī terminology of
640
works of
639
Muḥawwal Gate (neighborhood of Baghdād)
293
Bāb al-Muḥawwal
al-Muhtadī bi-llāh (r. 869-870)
169
Muʿizz al-Dawla (r. 945-967)
charity of
219
construction activities of
10, 219, 706
honorific name of
179, 203
land granted to viziers by
207
military activities of
197
religious policies of
202
Mujāhid al-Dīn Bahrūz (d. 1145)
243
Muʿjamal-buldān (The Dictionary of the Regions) (Yāqūt)
51, 708, 736, 809-810
Mukhāriq (singer)
432-433, 434-435
al-Mukharrim (Bāb al-Ṭāq) (neighborhood of Baghdād)
in general
7, 8, 14, 246-247, 810-811
palatial city/complex in
10-11
Dār al-Khilāfa
Sunnī Muslims in
8
al-Mukhtaṣar fī ʿilm al-ṭibb (The Summary in the Science of Medicine) (Ibn Mandawayh)
220
al-Muktafī bi-llāh (r. 902- 908)
accession to rule of
174
administrative/military education of
174
boon companion of
792
construction activities of
10, 174, 183, 194
death of
174
letter of Bertha to
385-386
military activities of, lack of
174
mention of
359
mukūs/maks (tolls)
693
al-Munajjim, ʿAlī b. Yaḥyā (d. 888)
490
munāẓaras (disputations) see debates
municipal authority in Baghdād
21-22
Muʾnis al-Khādim/al-Muẓaffar (d. 933)
dress rules for Christians and
695-696
honorific names of
176
power at court of
175-177, 195, 408, 417
mention of
4, 173
al-Muntaṣif bi-llāh (r. 908)
175, 622
al-Muntaṣir bi-llāh (r. 861- 862)
accession to rule of
166-167, 621
administrative/military education of
165
death of
167
regnal name of
166-167
religious policies of
621-622
al-Muntaẓam fī taʾrīkh al-mulūk wa-l-umam (The Well-Arranged [Book]: The History of the Kings and Communities) (Ibn al-Jawzī)
200, 229, 265-266, 331-332, 509, 798
al-Muqābasāt (The Torches of Fire) (al-Tawḥīdī)
201, 455
al-Muqaddasī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. ca. 1000)
214, 816
muqarnas (stalactite vaults)
22, 91, 92
al-Muqtadī bi-Amr Allāh (r. 1075-1094)
11, 233, 251, 696, 700
al-Muqtadir bi-llāh (r. 908-932)
409
accession to rule of
174-175
conflicts during reign of
176, 195
construction activities of
176-177
death of
176, 413
diplomatic missions and
195, 360, 408-409
military activities of
175, 176, 183, 412-413
military personnel of
29
mother of
415
Muʾnis al-Khādim influence on
175-176, 195n4
reception given by
87-88
relation between military and construction activities of
176-177
religious policies of
622, 695, 702, 703, 704, 781
al-Muqtafī li-Amr Allāh (r. 1136-1160)
29, 236, 700
murjiʾa (The Postponers)
601
Murjiʾism/Murjiʾīs
489, 535n7, 609, 616, 618
al-Murtaḍā, al-Sharīf (d. 1044)
484
Murūj al-dhahab wa-maʿādin al-jawhar (The Meadows of Gold and Mines of Jewels) (al-Masʿūdī)
199, 384-385, 456, 791
Mūsā b. Būghā l-Kabīr (d. 877)
170
Mūsā l-Kāẓim (d. 799)
6, 598, 618
al-Mushtarik (The [Book of] Shared [Names]) (Yāqūt)
814
Muslim b. al-Walīd (d. 823)
436
Muslim communities in Baghdād
Muslims; Shīʿī community in Baghdād; Ṣūfī community in Baghdād; Sunnī community in Baghdād
during Ilkhanid rule
308
size of
711
Muslims
Muslim communities
Byzantine terminology for
343-344
in canon law
698-699
in Constantinople
359
conversion to Christianity of
712-713
in debate with Christians
576-577, 716-717
interest in non-Muslim world of
388-390
as prisoners of war
359, 361-362, 391, 712
use of term
532
Musnad (The Supported, i.e. The [Book Including Traditions] Supported with a Chain of Transmitters) (Ibn Ḥanbal)
610, 611-612
al-Mustaḍīʾ bi-Amr Allāh (r. 1170-1180)
34, 236, 251, 253
al-Mustaʿīn bi-llāh (r. 862-866)
accession to rule of
167-168
construction activities of
14, 168, 169, 182
death of
168
military activities of
169, 183
residences of
168
al-Mustakfī bi-llāh (r. 944-946)
178-179, 197
al-Mustanjid bi-llāh (r. 1160-1170)
237, 251
al-Mustanṣir (r. 1036-1094) (Fāṭimid Imām-Caliph)
231
al-Mustanṣir I bi-llāh (r. 1226-1242)
construction activities of
in general
275-276
Dār al-Khilāfa’s walls
269
hospital
7
Mustanṣiriyya Madrasa
88-89, 89, 275, 276, 288, 482
expansion of the territories by
276
Ilkhanid dynasty and
276-277, 289
religious policies of
275
rule of
274, 277
sponsorship of
82
al-Mustanṣir II (r. 1261)
292
Mustanṣiriyya Madrasa (Baghdād)
89
in general
18-19
as center of Muslim community
308
compared to Bishriyya Madrasa
90
construction of
88-89, 276, 288
decorations of
90-91, 275
deputy vizier’s visit to
483
design of
89-90
foundation inscription on
90
founding of
482, 578
great hall of
89, 482-483, 811
hospital of
7
library of
304-305, 483
philosophy and
574n49
survival of
484
mention of
458, 813
Mustanṣiriyya University
484n36
al-Mustarshid bi-llāh (r. 1118-1135)
construction activities of
269
military activities of
187, 236
religious policies of
696, 703, 751
repossessing of Madīnat Ṭughril by
249
al-Mustaʿṣim bi-llāh (r. 1242-1258)
currency reform in
277-278
death of
290, 823
Ilkhanid dynasty and
278, 279, 289, 290
rule of
277, 289
social unrest during reign of
278, 289
sponsorship by
82
territory of reign of
288
tombstone of
291
al-Mustawfī Qazwīnī, Ḥamd Allāh (d. 1349)
287, 815-816
al-Mustaẓhir bi-llāh (r. 1078-1118)
construction activities of
14-15, 251, 269
physician of
715
repossessing of Madīnat Ṭughril by
249
Saljūq power and
234
al-Muʿtaḍid bi-llāh (r. 892-902)
accession to rule of
172
affinity for learning
491
boon companion of
719
construction activities of
10, 173, 182, 491
Dār al-Khilāfa
death of
174
Jewish money lenders and
747
literary salons and
493
military activities of
28-29, 171, 172-173, 183, 358
military personnel of
172
religious policies of
622
return to Baghdād by
194
sharing rule with son(s)
174
succession of
174
al-Muʿtamid bi-llāh (r. 870-892)
accession to rule of
169
brother’s dominance and
171-172, 622
on coinage
171
construction activities of
170
death of
172
military activities of, lack of
169-170
succession of
172
al-Muʾtamin/al-Qāsim b. Hārūn al-Rashīd (n.d.)
156
al-Muʿtamir, Bishr (d. 825)
629
al-Mutanabbī (d. 965)
427, 461, 756n109
al-Muʿtaṣim bi-llāh (r. 833-842)
accession to rule of
158
construction activities of
121, 161, 182
insurrection against
160
mamlūk army of
28, 159, 160
military activities of
156, 159-160, 183, 347
al-Miṣrī on
411
philosophy and
574
physician of
718
religious policies of
504, 619
residences of
161
in Sāmarrāʾ’s foundation legends
58
sharing rule with son(s)
161-162
sponsoring by
574
succession of
162
al-Mutawakkil ʿalā llāh (r. 847-861)
166
accession to rule of
162
administrative/military education of
161-162
boon companion of
165
coinage of
621
construction activities of
164-165, 182
death of
164, 166
literary salons and
493
military activities of
164
military personnel of
163-164
physician of
718
regnal name of
162n89
religious debates hosted by
356
religious policies of
505, 619, 621, 693, 694-695, 702
sharing rule with son(s)
165
succession of
165, 621-622
al-Mutawakkiliyya/al-Jaʿfariyya (palatial city)
164-165, 184
Muʿtazilism/Muʿtazilīs
Muʿtazilīs
in general
629
ʿAbbāsid dynasty and
230, 535n7, 618, 629
Ashʿarism/Ashʿarites and
216, 574n49
attacks on Christianity by
720-721
doctrines of
cosmological structure and
630
expansions of
552
five principles of
629-630
human agency in
630-631
on legitimate ruler
602
figurative art and
354-355
persecution of
618
philosophy and
574, 630
rationalist views in
573-574, 582, 603, 605, 616, 625
scientific research and
545n22
al-Muʿtazz bi-llāh (r. 866-869)
accession to rule of
168
administrative/military education of
165
on coinage
621
construction activities of
14, 168
death of
168
granting of palace to
164
military activities of, lack of
168
regnal name of
165
succession of
169
al-Muthammina (The Precious) (Baghdād)
251
Muṭīʿ b. Iyās (d. 785)
429, 435-436
al-Muṭīʿ li-llāh (r. 946- 974)
179, 693, 704
al-Muttaqī li-llāh (r. 940-944)
accession to rule of
197
boon companions, not wanting
421-422
conflicts during reign of
178
disposing of
197, 623
political struggles during reign of
792
al-Ṣūlī on
421-422
al-Muwaffaq bi-llāh (Ṭalḥa) (d. 891)
on coinage
171
construction activities of
171, 182
death of
172
honorific title of
171, 176
military activities of
170, 171
as al-Muʿtamid’s co-caliph
171-172, 622
sharing rule with son(s)
170-171
Sufism and
636, 653
mention of
622
al-Muwaffaqiyya (palatial city)
171
al-Muwaṭṭaʾ (The Well-Trodden [Path]) (Ibn al-Mājishūn)
524
al-Muwaṭṭaʾ (The Well-Trodden [Path]) (Mālik b. Anas)
526
mystical charisma (karāma)
649
Mžik, Hans von
807
nafs see human souls
al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, Muḥammad (d. 762)
617
nahḍa (revival) movement
467
Nahrawān Canal (Qaṭāl-Nahrawān)
2, 133-134
nāʾib (viceroy)
292, 298
Najaf
36, 76, 485
al-Najāshī (d. 1058), Aḥmad b. ʿAlī
615
names see honorific names/titles; nicknames; regnal names
Narsai (d. 503)
684
Narseh I (r. 293-302)
135
Narsinka (Andragoras)
115
Naṣāʾikhdīniyya (The Book of Religious Counsels) (al-Muḥāsibī)
639
al-Nāshiʾ al-Akbar (d. 906)
722
al-nāṣiba (The Hostiles)
600-601
Nasīḥatmulūk (The Advice to Rulers) (al-Māwardī)
498
al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh (honoric title of al-Muwaffaq bi-llāh)
171, 176
al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh (r. 1180-1225)
ʿAbbāsid revival and
228, 266, 288
construction activities of
in general
272-273
Dār al-Khilāfa’s walls
269
Nāṣiriyya Madrasa
272
restoration projects of
92, 93, 272, 273, 273, 274
shrine of Zumurrud Khātūn
269, 272
Ṣūfī lodges
272, 272
external policies of
267-269, 288
gaon appointment and
744-745
Ilkhanid dynasty and
267, 289
Khwārazm dynasty and
266-267, 288
library sponsorship by
82
military activities of
187
military personnel of
29, 30
physicians and
715
reforms of
in general
237
of futuwwa groups
269-270, 280
religious policies
37, 271-272, 280
religious policies of
696, 703
rule of
273
Nāṣiriyya Madrasa (Baghdād)
272
naskh script
80
Naṣr (or Yaḥyā) b. Yaḥyā l-Mutaṭabbib (d. 1193 or 1163)
712, 723
Naṣr b. Hurmuzd al-Samarqandī (fl. 9th cent.))
777-778
Naṣr al-Qushūrī (d. 928)
408-409, 409, 417, 636, 717
naṣṣ (designation)
598, 600
al-Nassāj, Khayr (d. 934)
651-652, 668
Nathan the Babylonian (fl. 2nd cent.)
734, 743
Naṭronay ben Emmunah (fl. 8th cent.)
735
natural disasters
20-21, 237-239, 277, 289, 296, 300, 330-334
navy construction
295, 301
Nawas, John
158n71
Nawbakht (d. before 775)
59, 98, 100
al-Nawbakhtī, Abū Sahl Ismāʿīl (d. 923)
615-616
al-Nawbakhtī, Ḥusayn b. Rawḥ (d. 938)
599, 615
Nawbakhtī family
615-616
Naẓīf b. Yumn al-Baghdādī (d. after 983)
713, 717
nāẓir al-awqāf (inspector of the endowments)
298-299
Naẓm al-jawhar (The String of Jewels) (Eutychios)
695
al-Naẓẓām (d. ca. 845)
629, 630
Neggaz, Nassima
36
neighborhoods/quarters of Baghdād
in general
245
Anbārī Mosque Quarter
8-9
al-ʿAttābiyya
87
Bāb al-Azaj
239
Bāb al-Baṣra see Bāb al-Baṣra
Bāb al-Ḥadīd
707
Bāb al-Ḥarb
6, 28, 146
Bāb al-Marātib
239
Bāb al-Muḥawwal
6, 11, 293, 735, 812
Bāb al-Ṭāq see al-Mukharrim
Darb al-ʿAwn
708
inhabitants shifts in
9
al-Karkh see al-Karkh
Lower Harbour Quarter
6, 7
map of
5
al-Mukharrim see al-Mukharrim
overview of
5-10
al-Ruṣāfa see al-Ruṣāfa
segregation in
8-9, 25, 239
al-Shammāsiyya see al-Shammāsiyya
al-Shāriʿ
6
sinners quarter
308
social functions of
8
sources on
791, 793, 794, 796, 799, 802, 810-812, 813-815, 827
tensions between
208-209
al-Waddāh
78
Neoplatonic philosophy
547, 549, 550, 556, 573, 585-586
Nestorians see East Syrian Church
Nestorius (d. 451)
683
Neṭīra family
747
New Seleucia see Vēh Ardashīr
Newman, Andrew
599, 613, 614
Nicephorus (d. 828)
349n41
Nicholas I Mystikos (d. 925)
352, 360
nicknames
55-57, 645, 652, 658
Nicomachean Ethics (Aristotle)
551
Niebuhr, Carsten
8
Nikephoros II Phokas (r. 963-969)
409-410
Nikephoros Ouranos (d. ca. 1010)
362
Niketas (fl. 9th cent.)
357
Nishapurī family
258
Nishwār al-muḥāḍara (The Table Talk [of a Mesopotamian Judge]) (al-Tanūkhī)
200-201
Niẓām al-Mulk (d. 1092)
founding/sponsoring of madrasa by
240, 249, 480
pro-Ashʿarī policy of
258
residence of
4, 249
mention of
232, 234
Niẓāmiyya Madrasa (Baghdād)
in general
255, 480-481
appointment of teachers at
482n30
manuscript produced at
82
renovation of
272
scholarly sessions at
481
sponsoring of
240, 249, 480
Sunnī–Shīʿī tensions and
482
mention of
458
Niẓāmiyya Madrasa (Khargird)
249n49, 250
nomadism
335
Northedge, Alastair
4, 102
Noth, Albrecht
697
Notker (d. 912)
376-377
Nūḥ b. Manṣūr (r. 976-997)
221
al-Nuʿmān III b. al-Mundhir (r. 582-602)
123
nūr (light)
641-642
al-Nūrī, Abū l-Ḥusayn (d.907)
652-655, 671, 674-675
Nuṣratfatra (The Support of the Era) (al-Kātib al-Iṣfahānī)
229
Nuzhat al-mushtāq (The Pleasure Excursion) (al-Idrīsī)
388n71
Nuzhat al-qulūb (The Entertainment for the Hearts) (Ḥamd Allāh al-Mustawfī)
815-816
Nuzhat al-qulūb (The Entertainment for the Hearts) (Ḥamd Allāh al-Mustawfī Qazwīnī)
287
observations
in astronomy
562-563, 564, 582-583
in medicine
582, 583
observatories (marāṣid/marṣad)
ʿAbbāsid dynasty and
579-580
Būyid dynasty and
220-221, 562, 580
higher education at
491
occultations
598, 599
Ode to the Conquest of Amorion Amorio (Abū Tammām)
347-348, 364
officials see ʿAbbāsid officials/bureaucrats; Saljūq officials/bureaucrats
O’Kane, Bernard
xl, 66-94, 105
O’Meara, Simon
52, 61
On the Soul (Aristotle)
551
One Thousand and One Nights (Alfylalayla)
371-372, 512
oneness of God (tawḥīd)
in general
648, 657, 661
al-Ḥallāj on
665
al-Junayd on
659, 675-676
al-Jurayrī on
663
al-Kharrāz on
650
al-Wāsiṭī on
672
Opis (Upija)
113, 118
oratories (masjids)
249, 251, 252
Organon (The Instrument) (Aristotle)
543, 548, 716, 719
organs (musical instrument)
372
Orientalism
467, 580-581
orthodoxy vs. orthopraxy
602
Oschema, Klaus
xl–xli, 371-393
Osroes I (r. 89-128)
122
Osti, Letizia
xli, 407-423
oud player
442
Our Lady of al-ʿUqba Church (Baghdād)
708
Ovadiah the Proselyte (fl. 12th century)
751
ovality of cities
104, 105, 106, 118, 128n90
Oyirat tribe
296
Pact of ʿUmar
697-698, 727
pagans/paganism
343-344, 351, 360
page girls (ghulāmiyyāt)
414
Pahlavi script
768-769
Palace Friday Mosque (Jāmiʿ al-Qaṣr) (Baghdād)
10, 174, 239, 251, 293, 294, 308, 476
palaces
palatial cities/complexes
in Baghdād
in general
4
Golden Gate Palace
3, 73-74
Ḥasanī Palace
159, 173
Khuld Palace
26, 74, 154-155, 158n72
al-Muthammina
251
Ruṣāfa Palace
168
sources on
810
Ṭāhirid Palace
173
Tāj Palace
10, 174, 408
Zubayda Palace
176
in Sāmarrāʾ
162, 164, 170, 170
in Sasanian Ctesiphon
125-126
palatial cities/complexes
palaces; al-Rāfiqa
in general
188
of ʿAbbāsid dynasty
construction of, military activities and
147-148, 181-183, 184-187
Dār al-Khilāfa see Dār al-Khilāfa
al-Jaʿfariyya/al-Mutawakkiliyya
164-165, 184
Madīnat al-Salām see Madīnat al-Salām
al-Mubārak (al-Qāṭūl)
155
al-Muwaffaqiyya
171
al-Rāfiqa see al-Rāfiqa
al-Ruṣāfa see al-Ruṣāfa
Sāmarrāʾ see Sāmarrāʾ
of Būyid dynasty
10-11, 219, 810
functions of
as legitimizing policy
186-187
for military personnel
186
of Saljūq dynasty
11, 248-249, 810
walls of
13-14, 269
panegyric odes
429
Pāpā (d. ca. 330) (bishop)
129-130, 683
paper money
295-296
paper production
76, 78, 302, 538-539
Paradise
552
parallelism
449
parchment
76
Parthian Ctesiphon
63, 119, 121, 122
Sasanian Ctesiphon
Parthian dynasty
in general
114-116
cities/villages of
Darzindan
123n62
Parthian Ctesiphon
63, 119, 121, 122
Valāsh-Ābād/Meinas Sabatha/Sābāṭ Madāʾin
123, 137
descendants of
135
Parthian Stations (Isidore of Charax)
122
Partisans of ʿAbd al-Ṣamad
240-241
Passio sancti Romani (Passion of Saint Roman)
379
pastoralism
334-335
patriarchs see catholicos, East Syrian
patronage see sponsoring
Paulicians
348, 358
payment, of courtiers
419
The People of Affirmation (ahl al-ithbāt)
624
The People of the Book (ahl al-kitāb)
692
peregrinations, double
674
persecution/abuse/discrimination
of Christians
307, 693-696
of Ḥanbalīs
623
of Jews
295, 732, 748-752
of Manichaeans
653, 766, 770, 778, 781
of Murjiʾīs
618
of Muʿtazilīs
618
of Ṣūfīs
505-506 636, 640, 653, 656, 658, 663, 665, 675
by Zoroastrians
766, 770
Petachiah ben Jaʿaqov (fl. 12th cent.) see Petachiah of Regensburg
Petachiah of Regensburg (fl. 12th cent.)
on Baghdād
23, 247, 737, 739-740
travels of
734, 821
works of, Sibbuv
821
mention of
230
Peter III of Antioch (1052-1056?)
704
petitions
697-698, 727
pharmacology
568, 583
philology/philologists
389, 451
philosophers (falāsifa/faylasūf)
knowledge production; philosophy
Aristotelian movement and
547, 719
Baghdād School of
542, 547, 557, 719
Christian
719-720
common ideas of
546
on cosmology
555-557
education of
548-549
issues tackle by
551-553
on philosophy and religion
553-555
proper ethical conduct of citizens and
552-553
scientific polymathy of
570-571
self-perception of
587
sponsoring of
216, 574
status of
545-546
synthetic philosophical system of
547-548
philosophy (falsafa)
philosophers
Christian theology and
716
Islamic theology and
573-574
monasteries and education in
709
Muʿtazilism/Muʿtazilīs and
630
religion and
533-534, 547-548, 553-555
Photios I (d. 893)
351-352, 357
physicians (aṭibbāʾ)
714
hospitals; medicine; under specific physicians
in general
558-559
at ʿAbbāsid court
713, 715, 718
East Syrian Christian
565, 713-715
education of
220, 567
humoral theory and
569
pharmacological project of
568
scientific polymathy of
571
sponsoring of
566
writing medical literature
566-567
physics
549, 583
Physics (Aristotle)
542
pious foundations see waqfs
Pippin (r. 751-768)
373-374
pirates
258-359
Planetary Hypothese (Ptolemy)
561, 563
Plato (d. 347 BCE)
551
Neoplatonic philosophy; Platonic philosophy
Platonic philosophy
547, 551, 553, 569, 586
Pliny the Elder (d. 79)
121
Plotinus (d. 270)
541, 547, 550, 556
Plutarch (d. after 119)
62
poetry
in general
426, 427-428, 436-437, 442
Byzantine
363-364
exchange of
at ʿAbbāsid court
428-429
in private realm
435-436
in public realm
429, 430, 431-435, 437
Sāmarrāʾ in
426
political theory, ethics and
553
poll tax (jizya)
303, 692, 693, 697, 701
Polo, Marco (d. 1324)
287, 301, 382, 824
polytheism
499
population see inhabitants
porcelain bowls
204
Porphyry (d. ca. 305)
543, 548
Posterior Analytics (Aristotle)
543, 582
The Postponers (al-murjiʾa)
601
Pourshariati, Parvaneh
xli, 111-139
poverty (faqr)
634, 786
prayer niche (miḥrāb)
75-76, 75
preachers
508
predestination (qadar)
in Shīʿī Islam
613-614, 616
in Sufism
651
in Sunnī Islam
552, 607, 608-609
primary schools (maktabs)
494-495
primogeniture
180
primordial covenant (mīthāq)
641, 651, 661
prisoners of war
Chinese
400
Christian
8, 705, 706-707
exchange between ʿAbbāsids and Byzantines
346, 348, 356
Muslim
359, 361-362, 391, 712
private homes, scholarly sessions/teaching at
211, 218, 475, 491, 575, 709
Proclus (d. 485)
541, 550, 556
production in Baghdād
in general
318-319
of art
93-94
of books
31, 33, 78, 302, 445, 484, 538-539
funding of
319-320
of knowledge see knowledge production in Baghdād
metallurgical
319
of paper
76, 78, 302, 538-539
of Qurʾāns see Qurʾān production in Baghdād
of sugar
319
of textiles
87-88, 302, 319
proofs of the prophethood (dalāʾil al-nubuwwa) genre
721-722, 723
property taxes (ʿushr)
693
prophecies, in foundation narratives
55-58
Prophetic traditions see ḥadīths
prose
artistic/literary
in general
439
in the 8th century
443-444
in the 9th century
447-453
in the 10th century
454-456
in the 11th & 12th century
454-457
in the 13th & 14th century
457-460
adab works
449, 450, 497-498, 826-832
bureaucrats and
433-444
plain
in general
442-443
apologetical treatises see apologetical treatises
commentaries
542-543, 547, 586-587
geographical works
804-816
historiographies
452-453, 788-804
legal treatises see legal treatises
Responsa
558
short epistles and essays
558
short narratives
428
shukūk (doubts) literature
584
Summae
557-558
super-commentaries
543
travel accounts see travel writing/writers
proselytes
130
psychology
569, 639-640
Ptolemy (d. ca. 170)
criticism of
584
scientific polymathy of
572
system of
387-388, 560, 573
works of
in general
560
Almagest
561, 562, 563
Geography
389
Planetary Hypothese
561, 563
public libraries
221
Pumbedita Yeshiva
in general
129, 732, 735
educational activities at
743-744, 744
income of
742
move to Baghdād
733, 741
sending of queries to
741-742
Sura Yeshiva and
742
al-Qaddaḥāt, Muḥammad
830
al-Qādir (r. 991-1031)
12-13, 38, 230, 702-703
Qādiriyya (Ṣūfī order)
271, 678
qāḍīs (judges)
29, 298, 299, 527
chief judges
al-Qāhir bi-llāh (r. 929 & 932-934)
176-177, 195, 411, 704
qahramānas (stewardesses)
414
al-Qāʾim bi-Amr Allāh (r. 1031-1075)
on coinage
232
construction activities of
251
disposition and reinstatement of
231, 236, 363
religious policies of
230, 696, 699-700, 739
al-Qalānisī, Abū Aḥmad Muṣʿab (d. 883/884)
658
Qamariyya Mosque (Baghdād)
275
al-Qanūn fī l-ṭibb (The Canon of Medicine) (Ibn Sīnā)
220, 567, 570
Qara Qoyunlu tribe
297
Qaraqorum
290
Qarmaṭians
598
al-Qāshānī (fl. 1304-1316)
287, 302
al-Qāsim b. Hārūn al-Rashīd/al-Muʾtamin (n.d.)
156
al-Qāsim b. ʿUbayd Allāh (d. 904)
719
al-Qaṣṣār, Ḥamdūn (d. 884)
634
Qaṭāl-Nahrawān (Nahrawān Canal)
2, 133-134
qaṭīʿat al-Naṣārā (Christian quarter) (Baghdād)
706, 707, 710
Qaṭrabbul
708, 710
al-Qāṭūl
155
Qaymāz, Quṭb al-Dīn (d. 1175)
237
al-Qazwīnī, Abū Yūsuf (d. 1095)
494
al-Qazwīnī, Rāḍī l-Dīn Aḥmad (d. 1194)
481
al-Qazwīnī, Zakariyāʾ b. Muḥammad (d. 1283)
on Baghdād’s hinterland
303
life of
812
on Madīnat al-Salām
75
on taxation
303-304
works of
Ajāʾib al-makhlūqāt
307
Āthār al-bilād wa-akhbār al-ʿibād
812
sources used by
812
quarters see neighborhoods/quarters of Baghdād
al-Qūhī, Abū Sahl (d. 1014)
220, 580
Qumm (Qom)
485, 614-616
Qunnā Monastery (Baghdād’s hinterland)
708
Qurʾān
Qurʾān production in Baghdād; Qurʾānic verses
on Byzantines
340
cosmological pursuits and
560
createdness/uncreatedness of
488-489, 503-504, 507, 535n7, 606, 619, 631
Paradise in
552
Sharīʿa law and
606
subordination of reason and
607-608
al-Tustarī’s methods of understanding
641
Qurʾān production in Baghdād
in general
302
caligraphed/illuminated by Ibn al-Bawwāb
76-77, 77, 80
in Chester Beatty Library
79-80
Chinese influence on
307
in the Rampur Raza Library
78, 79
by Yāqūt al-Mustaʿṣimī
305
Qurʾānic verses
Qurʾān
2:164
560
6:103
617
6:127
73
7:72
651
10:25
73
10:25-26
3
17:1
610
17:60
610
17:79
622
21:23
608
21:32
560
53:6-11
611
71:19
645
al-Qurashī, Rawḥ (fl. 9th cent.)
712
Quraysh Cemetery (Baghdād)
6, 36
al-Qushayrī, Abū l-Qāsim (d. 1072)
677
Qusṭā b. Lūqā (d. ca. 920)
717, 719
Qūt al-qulūb (The Nourishment of the Hearts) (al-Makkī)
677
Qūṭā Monastery (north of Baghdād)
708
Quṭuz (d. 1260)
292
Rabban Ṣawmā (d. 1294)
306
Rabban al-Ṭabarī see al-Ṭabarī, Alī b. Sahl Rabban
rabbinic courts
731-732
rabbis
731-732
rabbis
Rābiʿa l-ʿAdawiyya (d. 801)
644
Rabīʿa l-Raʾy (d. ca. 760)
523, 528-529
al-Radd ʿalā l-Naṣārā (The Refutation of the Christians) (Bishr b. al-Muʿtamir)
721
al-Radd ʿalā l-Naṣārā (The Refutation of the Christians) (Ibn Jazla)
723
al-Radd ʿalā l-Naṣārā (The Refutation of the Christians) (al-Jāḥiẓ)
721
al-Radd ʿalā l-Naṣārā (The Refutation of the Christians) (al-Jubbāʾī)
721
al-Radd ʿalā l-Naṣārā (The Refutation of the Christians) (al-Kindī)
721
al-Radd ʿalā l-Naṣārā (The Refutation of the Christians) (Rabban al-Ṭabarī)
723
al-Radd ʿalā l-thalātha firaq min al-Naṣārā (The Refutation of the Three Christian Sects) (Abū ʿĪsā al-Warrāq)
721
The Radhanites (al-rādhāniyya)
390-391, 746
al-Rāḍī bi-llāh (r. 934-940)
boon companions of
420, 421, 792
death of
197, 420
establishment of amīr al-umarāʾ by
196, 418
military activities of, lack of
177-178
political struggles during reign of
195-196
religious policies of
37, 623
al-Ṣūlī on
420
Rāfiḍīs (The Rejectors)
209-210, 613
al-Rāfiqa (palatial complex) (near Raqqa)
as ʿAbbāsid residence
9, 26, 156
construction of
by Hārūn al-Rashīd
155, 182
by al-Manṣūr
147
foundation legends of
56
horseshoe form of
103, 147
Rāḥatʿaql (The Comfort of Reason) (al-Kirmānī)
486
Raqqa
67n3, 292, 346
al-Rāfiqa
al-Rasāʾil (The Epistles) (Ibn ʿAbbād)
200, 218
al-Rasāʾil (The Epistles) (al-Junayd)
659
Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ (The Epistles of the Brethren of Purity)
82
al-Rashīd (r. 786-809) see Hārūn al-Rashīd (r. 786-809)
al-Rāshid bi-llāh (r. 1135-1136)
235
Rashīd al-Dīn (d. 1318)
285, 287, 290, 384n50
Rāshidūn Caliphs
399, 600-602
caliphs
rationalism
in Muʿtazilism
573-574, 582, 603, 605, 616, 625
in Shīʿī Islam
605, 624-625
Sufism and
635
in Sunnī Islam
605, 624-625
Rava (Abba ben Joseph bar Ḥama) (ca. 280-352)
128-129
al-Rawḍa l-anīqa (The Splendid Garden) (al-Ḥarīzī)
735n18
Rayy (Rhages)
115, 152n37, 214, 221, 615
al-Rāzī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Zakariyyāʾ (d. 925)
Būyids and
213
on celestial realm
556
experience and observation and
583
immortality of the human soul and
552
life of
490-491
medical achievements of
565
medical observations of
566
originality of
587
psychology and
569
religion and
533, 534n5
scientific polymathy of
570-571
synthetic philosophy of
547, 565
on theory of aether
584
on theory of matter
585
works of
491, 566, 570, 584
reason (raʾy or ʿaql), vs. revelations
605, 607-608
reciting God’s name (dhikr)
605, 641
reforms
of currencies
277-278
of futuwwa groups
269-270, 280
of religious policies
37, 271-272, 280
of taxation
303-304
regnal names
in ʿAbbāsid dynasty
143n3, 147, 148, 152, 156, 162n89, 165, 166-167, 186, 188
in Fāṭimid dynasty
188
in Latin texts
375
The Rejectors (Rāfiḍīs)
209-210, 613
religion
faiths
astronomy and
560
persecution and see persecution/abuse/discrimination
philosophy and
533-534, 547-548, 553-555
religious communities, in general
682
religious communities
religious endowments see waqfs
religious festivals
Christian
24, 709-710
Islamic
23-24, 36, 202, 260
religious policies
of ʿAbbāsid dynasty
Christians in general and
692-696
createdness of Qurʾān and
503-504, 505
dress codes see dress codes, for non-Muslims
East Syrian Church and
689-690
Imperial Byzantine Church and
703-704
Inquisition and see Inquisition
Judaism and
738
Manichaeism/Manichaeans and
766, 781
Melkite Christians and
702, 703-704
Murjiʾism and
535n7, 618
Muʿtazilism and
230, 535n7, 618, 629
reforms of
37, 271-272, 280
religious leadership and
738
Shīʿī Islam and
35-36, 37, 230, 275
Sufism and
271-272, 636, 653
Sunnī/Shīʿī Islam
617-619, 621-623
Syrian Orthodox Church and
701-702
West Syrian Church and
700, 702-703
of Būyid dynasty
36, 198, 202, 623, 694
of caliphs towards Jews
738
of Saljūq dynasty
Ashʿarism and
243, 244, 258, 480
East Syrian Church and
699-701
Shīʿī Islam and
36, 37, 260
Sufism and
244, 257, 258
Sunnī Islam and
227
of Sasanian dynasty
Christianity and
683, 685-687
Judaism and
731-732
tolerance in
770
Zoroastrianism and
765, 768
of Umayyad dynasty
688-689
religious scholars
scholars
in Baghdād
professional opportunities for
31-32, 461
scientific research and
545n22
teaching in madrasas
480
religious tolerance
36, 37, 275, 576, 770, 775
religious unrest see social/religious unrest
Renan, Ernest
354n62
Renterghem, Vanessa Van
xliii, 227-261
renunciation (zuhd)
in general
605, 634-635, 637, 674-675
Bishr al-Ḥāfī on
646
al-Khuldī on
674
love and
644
Maʿrūf al-Karkhī on
644
al-Sarrāj on
647-648
residences
of ʿAbbāsid dynasty
Dār al-Khilāfa see Dār al-Khilāfa
Hārūn al-Rashīd
9, 26, 103, 154-155
Madīnat al-Salām see Madīnat al-Salām
al-Maʾmūn
9, 26-27, 158
al-Mustaʿīn
168
al-Muʿtaṣim
161
al-Rāfiqa see al-Rāfiqa
of catholicos see catholicos, East Syrian
of exilarchate/exilarchs
39, 129, 247, 735
of Ilkhanid dynasty
11, 293, 307
of Mandaeans
771-772
of Saljūq officials/bureaucrats
4, 249
Responsa literature
558
revelations vs. reason
605, 607-608
Rhazes see al-Rāzī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Zakariyyāʾ
ribāṭs see Ṣūfī lodges in Baghdād
Riccoldo da Montecroce (d. 1320)
on Baghdād
287, 381-382, 823-824
on Mandaeans
771-772
travels of
823
works of
Contra legem Sarracenorum
306
Liber peregrinationis
771, 823
Rifāʿiyya (Ṣūfī order)
271
al-Riḥla (The Travel) (Ibn Baṭṭūṭa)
482-483
al-Riḥla (The Travel) (Ibn Jubayr)
246, 821
al-Riḥla (The Travel) (Ibn Juzayy)
825
al-Rijāl (The Men) (al-Najāshī)
615
riots (fitan/fitna) see social/religious unrest
al-Risāla (The Epistle) (al-Qushayrī)
677
risālas (epistles)
558
Rivāyat-ī Ēmēd-ī Ashwahishtān (The Rivāyat [i.e. Letter] of Ēmēd, the Ashwahishtān)
769-770
Roman Empire
116-117, 122, 339
Rosenthal, Franz
497
round (mudawwara) see circularity of cities
rowboats
321
The Royal Book or The ʿAḍudī Law in Medicine (al-Majūsī)
220, 567
al-Rūdhrāwarī, Abū Shujāʿ (d. 1095)
199, 696, 748-749, 795
Rukn al-Dawla (r. 935-976)
197, 203
al-Rūm (Imperial [Byzantine] Church)
685, 703-704
Rūm Monastery (Baghdād)
705-706, 709
Rūmiyyāt (The Greek or Byzantine [Poems]) (Abū Firās)
362
al-Rūmiyya/Vēh Antioch Khosrow
131-132, 137
al-Rummānī (d. 994)
721
al-Ruṣāfa (ʿAskar al-Mahdī) (neighborhood of Baghdād)
in general
4, 7, 8, 810
as central burial place for ʿAbbāsid caliphs
76, 173
construction activities in
of al-Mahdī
12, 74, 152, 789, 802
of al-Manṣūr
792
of al-Muʿtaḍid
173
destructions at
168, 278
longevity of
184
Ruṣāfa Mosque (Baghdād)
8, 12
Ruṣāfa Palace (Baghdād)
168
Rustichello da Pisa (d. early 14th cent.)
824
Rusūm Dār al-Khilāfa (The Illustrations of the Abode of the Caliphate) (al-Ṣābiʾ)
199, 795-796, 828
Ruwaym (d. 915)
635, 655-656
Saʿadya (gaon of Sura Yeshiva)
741, 746, 754, 755
al-sabab al-awwal (The First Cause)
551, 556
Sābāṭ Madāʾin/Valāsh-Ābād/Meinas Sabatha
123
Sabeans see Ṣābians
al-Ṣābiʾ, Hilāl (d. 1056)
on ʿAbbāsid court
829
on Baghdād
829
correspondence of
200
works of
Kitāb al-tājī
200
Rusūm Dār al-Khilāfa
199, 795-796, 828
sources used by
829
used as source
797, 831
Ṣābians
38, 40, 475n5, 767
Sabrīshōʿ I (r. 596-604)
686
Sabuktakīn (d. 997)
206
Sābūr b. Sahl (d. 869)
566
Sābur Monastery (Bazūghā)
708
Sachau, Eduard
707
sack of Baghdād see attacks on Baghdād
Saʿd al-Dawla (d. 1291)
295, 300, 306
Ṣadaqa (r. 1086-1108)
240
al-Ṣadāqa wa-l-ṣadīq (The Friendship and the Friend) (al-Tawḥīdī)
201
al-Saffāḥ (r. 749-754)
144
construction activities of
145, 183, 184
inviting Medinan scholars to Baghdād
522-523
military activities of, lack of
145
al-Miṣrī on
411
regnal name of
143n3
religious policies of
690
Tang dynasty and
399
victory over Marwān II by
143
Ṣafī l-Dīn al-Urmawī (d. 1294)
22, 307
ṣāḥib al-dīwān (chief financial administrator)
292, 293, 297, 298, 299
ṣāḥibshurṭa (head police officer)
243
al-Ṣaḥīḥ (al-Bukhārī)
612
Sahl b. Hārūn b. Rāhawayh (d. 830)
447-448
al-Sahl al-Nishapurī (fl. 13th cent.)
60
ṣaḥw (sobriety)
660, 661, 675
Saʿīd (b.) al-ʿAllāf (fl. early 9th cent.)
487
saints, Christian
699
sajʿ rhymes
455
Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn (r. 1171/1174-1193)
268
Ṣalīb Monastery (Baghdād)
707
Saljūq dynasty
ʿAbbāsid caliphate and
227, 232-237
Byzantine Empire and
363
construction activities of
11, 245-259
end of, in Iran and Iraq
237, 266
establishment of
231-232
income of
233
military personnel of see military personnel/troops/armies
palatial cities/complexes of
11, 248-249, 810
political struggles during reign of
234
religious policies of see religious policies
representatives in Baghdād
233, 242-243
social/religious unrest during
239-243
sources on
228-230
sponsoring by
248-249
Saljūq officials/elites
249, 251, 259
Salm b. Sālim (d. ca. 810)
618
Salmān al-Fārisī (d. 657)
127
Salmān-i Sawājī (d. 1376)
459
salons see debates
salons (majālis/majlis) see scholarly sessions
Samālū Church (Baghdād)
705
Samālū Monastery (Baghdād)
706-707
Samarkand
778-779
Sāmarrāʾ
in general
9, 161
ʿAbbāsid rule from, end of
172
foundation of
legend concerning
58
reason for
121, 161
longevity of
184
monastery in
708
palaces in
162, 164, 170, 170
patriarchal see in
695
in poetry
426
Shīʿī imāms at
621
size of
164-165
mention of
325, 381
Samawʾal al-Maghribī (d. 1175)
757
Samosas (d. after 908)
359
Ṣamṣām al-Dawla (d. 998)
214
Samuel ben Ḥophni (d. 1034)
742, 749, 754
Samuel Ha-Nagid b. Naghrillah (d. 1055)
741
Sanad b. ʿAlī (fl. 9th cent.)
563
Sander, Paul
603
al-Sarhan, Saud
607
Sarī l-Saqaṭī (d. 867)
647-648, 649, 651, 652, 658
al-Sarrāj, Abū Naṣr (d. 988)
on Ruwaym
657
teacher of
674
on al-Wāsiṭī
673
works of, Kitāblumaʿ
647, 662, 668, 677
Sasanian Ctesiphon
bridges in
124
churches in
124-125
as circular shaped
67
foundation of
112
functions of
123-124
īwān in
125, 125, 126
palaces in
125-126
residential quarters of
124-127, 137
scholarship on
117-118
walls of
124
Sasanian dynasty
in general
116
agriculture during
322-327
Baghdād during
1-2
Byzantine Empire and
116-117
cities/villages of
Sasanian Ctesiphon; Vēh Ardashīr
Mabrakta
134
Vēh Antioch Khosrow
131-132
construction activities of
124, 125, 125, 126, 127, 128
court of
135-136
naming of
116
Parthian dynasty and
116
religious policies of
Christianity and
683, 685-686
Judaism and
731-732
tolerance in
770
Zoroastrianism and
765, 768
Roman Empire and
116-117
territory of
117
use of Seleucia by
127
Satan (Iblīs)
665, 667
Sayf al-Dawla (r. 945-967)
362, 704
Scheiner, Jens
xli, 1-40, 102-106, 143-188, 785-832
Schmid, H.
90
scholarly receptions
213-214
scholarly sessions (majālis/majlis)
scholarly receptions; sessions of wisdom; study circles
in general
211, 214-215, 475, 491-492, 581
example of
481
inter-religious debates in
576-577
at private homes
211, 218, 475, 491, 575, 709
scholars/litterateurs
scholars/litterateurs
in Baghdād
in general
30, 211, 447, 813
at ʿAbbāsid court
440-441, 442
astronomers/astrologers see astronomers/astrologers
Būyid court and
211-216
on ethics
509
grammarians
216, 452, 501, 503, 510
historians
499, 500
during Ilkhanid rule
307, 309
as independent authors
445, 450-451
knowledge-based groups
216-217
from Kūfa and Baṣra
440-441
literary salons and
491-492
from Medina see Medinan scholars
philosophers see philosophers
professional opportunities for
31-32, 445, 455
receptions for
213-214
religious scholars see religious scholars
relocating from Baghdād
459-460, 461
relocating to Baghdād
440, 522-528, 529, 536
sponsoring of
31, 211-212, 445-446, 450, 460, 538
translation activities and
541
as tutors
31, 440, 446-447, 501, 503
in Byzantine Empire, sponsoring of
353-354
in Kūfa and al-Baṣra
439-440
Scholia (Comments) (Theodore bar Konai)
779-781
Schottenhammer, Angela
xlii, 399-403
scientific knowledge see knowledge production
sea routes
400
Sefer ha-massaʿot (The Book of Travels) (Benjamin of Tudela)
819
segregation in Baghdād
8-9, 25, 239
Seleucia
Ctesiphon urban complex
abandonment of
123
design of
62
foundation of
112, 118
Hippodamian plan for
118, 119
as main city
116
Sasanian use of
127
Seleucid dynasty
111-112, 115
Seleucia
Seleucus I Nicator (r. 306-280 BCE)
111-112n2, 118
Seleucus II (r. 246-225 BCE)
115
self-perception, of philosophers
587
Septimius Severus (r. 193-211)
122
service sector
320
sessions of wisdom (majālisḥikma)
486-487
Severus the Great (d. 538)
685
Shābuhragān (The [Book] for Shābuhr) (al-Bīrūnī)
776
al-Shābushtī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. ca. 1000)
687, 706, 707, 708, 710, 828
al-Shāfiʿī (d. 820)
513
Shāfiʿism/Shāfiʿīs
on jurisprudence
38, 217, 604
in al-Karkh
239
madrasas of
255, 478
Niẓāmiyya Madrasa
Shaghab (d. 933) (mother of al-Muqtadir)
415, 704
shāhānshāh (King of Kings)
204
Shāhdost (r. 341-343)
127
al-Shahrastānī, Muḥammad (d. 1153)
723
al-Shammāsiyya (neighborhood of Baghdād)
in general
7-8
Christian quarter in
8, 39-40, 705
palatial city/complex in
Dār al-Khilāfa see Dār al-Khilāfa
Shams al-Dīn Juwaynī (d. 1284)
293
Shams al-Duhā (n.d.)
293
Shāpūr I (r. 240-271/272)
117, 135, 770
Shāpūr II (r. 309-379)
2
Sharaf al-Dawla (r. 983-989)
214, 220, 491, 580
al-Shāriʿ (neighborhood of Baghdād)
6
Sharīʿa law
elaboration of
604
ḥadīths as source for
604
mystical truth and
671
Sufism/Ṣūfīs and
605
sharing rule with son(s)
296
shaṭḥiyyāt (ecstatic utterances)
654-655, 665, 668, 669-670, 673
Shawqī, Aḥmad
467
al-Shaykh al-Mufīd (d. 1022)
613
Sherira ben Hananiah (d. 1006)
740, 741, 742-743, 749
al-Shiblī, Abū Bakr (d. 946)
in general
668
doctrines of
669-670
ecstasy and
668
al-Ḥallāj and
669
al-Nassāj and
668
mention of
652
shiḥnas (military governors)
242-243
Shīʿī community in Baghdād
in general
35-37, 305
ʿAbbāsid dynasty and
35-36
ʿAbbāsid religious policies and
271, 275
Būyid dynasty and
36, 202
conflicts with Sunnī community and
36, 37, 239-240, 278, 305-306, 482, 622-623, 750-751
extremist groups in
37
in al-Karkh
8, 36, 239
religious celebrations of
36, 202, 260
Saljūq dynasty and
36, 37, 260
Shīʿī Islam
ʿAbbāsid dynasty and
35-36, 617-618, 619, 621, 622
in Baghdād see Shīʿī community in Baghdād
Būyid dynasty and
36, 198, 202, 622
doctrines of
597
factions of
597-599
madrasas and
479, 480, 484
rationalist views in
605, 624-625
Saljūq dynasty and
36, 37, 260
semi-rationalist views in
606, 624
theological seminaries of
485
traditionalist views in
613-617
in general
603, 606, 624
ʿAlī and his family in
616
attacks on Christianity and
722
Jahmī concepts and
616-617
Muḥammad’s sighting of God
616-617
predestination in
613-614, 616
role of cities in
614-616
ships/ship construction
295, 301, 402, 403
Shīrīn (wife of Khosrow II) (d. 628)
130, 687
Shkand gumānīg wizār (The Doubt-Resolving Decisions) (anon.)
767
short narratives (akhbār)
428
shrines/mausolea/tombs
in Baghdād
of ʿAbbāsid dynasty
76, 173
of ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī
253
of Abū Ḥanīfa
8, 153, 251, 800-801, 800
of Ḥudhayfa b. al-Yaman
127
of Ibn Ḥanbal
6
of Ibn Isḥāq
153
of al-Kāẓimayn
305
of Maʿrūf al-Karkhī
7, 7, 251, 643, 643
of Salmān al-Fārisī
127
of ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī
17n53, 92
of Zumurrud Khātūn
17n53, 18, 91-92, 92, 269, 272
higher education at
478, 480, 485
in Iṣfahān, al-Rāshid bi-llāh
235
in Karbalāʾ, al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib
619, 620
in Najaf, of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib
76, 485
veneration of
308
Shuhda bt. al-Ibarī (d. 1178)
254
Shuhda l-Kātiba (d. 1178)
35
shukūk (doubts) literature
584
al-Shukūk ʿalā Baṭlamiyūs (The Doubts Concerning Ptolemy) (Ibn al-Haytham)
584
al-Shukūk ʿalā Jālīnūs (The Doubts Concerning Galen) (al-Rāzī)
584
Shūnīziyya Cemetery (Baghdād)
306
Shurūṭ al-Naṣārā (The Stipulations for the Christians) (Ibn Zabr)
697
Sibbuv (The Circuit) (Petachiah of Regensburg)
821
Sibṭ b. al-Jawzī (d. 1256/1257)
229, 266, 498
sieges see attacks
al-Sijistānī, Abū Sulaymān (d. 985)
Baghdād School of Philosophers and
542n17, 720
al-Baṣrī and
218
circle of
215, 454
on ruler’s legitimacy
213
synthetic philosophy of
547
Ṣilat taʾrīkh al-Ṭabarī (The Sequel to al-Ṭabarī’s History) (ʿArīb al-Qurṭubī)
151, 791
Silencing the Jews (al-Maghribī)
757
silk textiles
87-88, 302, 401
silver
277-278
Silvers, Laury
671, 672-673
Simnān (Hecatompylos)
115
al-Sindī b. Shāhak
694
sinners quarter, in Baghdād
308
Sīrāf
401
al-Sīrāfī, Abū Saʿīd (d. 979)
216, 572, 577
Sklare, David
754
slave soldiers see Turkish/mamlūk army
slavery
391
Slavonic alphabet
356-357
snow fall
331, 333
sobriety (ṣaḥw)
660, 661, 675
social groups in Baghdād
in general
24, 25-26, 205-206
ʿAbbāsid caliphs and court see ʿAbbāsid caliphs; ʿAbbāsid court
craftsmen/artisans
32, 78-80
cultural agents
30-32, 211-218
scholars/litterateurs
merchants
210, 252, 299, 390-391, 400, 746
military personnel see military personnel/troops/armies
religious communities in see specific religious communities
urban militia
29-30, 244-245
women
23, 34-35, 413-415
social networks see scholarly sessions; study circles
social/religious unrest
2, 206-210, 221-222, 230-231, 239-242, 454, 802
soldiers see military personnel/troops/armies
Sons of the Revolution (abnāʾ al-dawla)
28, 143, 153, 154, 156-157, 163
souls see human souls
sources
on Baghdād
during ʿAbbāsid rule
150-151, 265-266
adab works
826-832
during Būyid rule
199-200
Christian communities in
687-688
geographical works
804-816
historiographical works
788-804
during Ilkhanid rule
286-287
Jewish community in
733-734
during Saljūq rule
228-230
time of writing of
808
travel accounts see travel writing/writers
on Byzantine-ʿAbbāsid contacts
386
on Carolingian-ʿAbbāsid contacts
384-392
on European-ʿAbbāsid contacts
385-386
Latin
Baghdād in
378-381
on contact between Carolingian and ʿAbbāsid courts
374-378, 392
regnal titles in
375
on Madīnat al-Salām
49-51
on Mandaeism/Mandaeans
767
on Manichaeism/Manichaeans
767-768
on Zoroastrianism/Zoroastrians
767
Sourdel, Dominique
621
sponsoring
waqfs (pious endowments)
by ʿAbbāsid caliphs
82, 251, 412, 524, 525, 526, 538, 564, 574
by ʿAbbāsid officials/bureaucrats
251-252, 538
of astronomers/astrologers
564
by Būyid dynasty
211-212, 213, 215-216, 259, 512, 826
in Byzantine Empire
353-354
by Ḥanbalīs
252
of hospitals/physicians
566, 578
of libraries
82, 490
of madrasas
249, 251, 252, 253, 293, 479
of Medinan scholars
524, 525, 526
of oratories
249, 251, 252
of philosophers
216, 574
of religious scholars
461
by Saljūq dynasty
248-249
by Saljūq officials/elites
249, 251, 259
of scholars/litterateurs
31, 211-212, 353-354, 445-446, 450, 460, 538
of students/disciples
480
of Ṣūfī lodges in Baghdād
251, 253, 254, 257
of translation activities
216, 350, 539
by Umayyad dynasty
538, 539
by women
253-254, 293
Stampfer, Y. Zvi
xlii, 731-758
status of Baghdād
4-5, 14, 19-20, 94, 297, 310
stewardesses (qahramānas)
414
Stillman, N.
682
Strabo (63 BCE-23 ce)
120, 121
Strohmaier, Gotthard
709
students/disciples
502
female
476-477, 656
relationship with teacher
558, 574-575
rules of conduct for
495-496
sponsoring of
480
study circles (ḥalaqāt)
for philosophical learning
in general
574-576, 581
interfaith collaboration in
576
for theological and legal learning
475, 476n8, 480, 484, 486, 575
Sublunary World
555-556
subsistence in God (baqāʾ)
651, 660-661, 675
suburbs see neighborhoods/quarters of Baghdād
succession
in ʿAbbāsid dynasty
of al-Amīn
9, 26, 156-157, 416
genealogical principle in
148, 179-180
of Hārūn al-Rashīd
101, 155-156, 416
of al-Mahdī
153-154, 416
of al-Maʾmūn
157-158, 169
of al-Muʿtaḍid
174
of al-Muʿtamid
172
of al-Muʿtaṣim
162
of al-Mutawakkil
165, 621-622
of al-Muʿtazz
169
of catholicos
686-687, 689-690, 695
Suermann, Harald
129
Ṣūfī community in Baghdād
Ṣūfī school in Baghdād
in general
38-39, 257-258, 306, 677-678
futuwwa groups and
270
grandmaster of
507
lodges of see Ṣūfī lodges in Baghdād
Saljūq dynasty and
257
Ṣūfī lodges in Baghdād
lodges
in general
18, 256, 677
construction of
243, 272, 272
functions of
256-257
of Ibn Saʿd
251, 258
institutionalization of
281
merging with madrasas
271-272
naming of
257
sponsoring of
251, 253, 254, 257
for women
253, 254
Ṣūfī school of Baghdād
in general
633-634, 636
ʿAbbāsid dynasty and
636
antinomian tendencies of
676
disciples of al-Junayd and contemporaries
Abū ʿAlī l-Rūdhabārī
670-671
al-Bazzāz
663-664
Ibn ʿAṭāʾ al-Ādamī
667-668
al-Jurayrī
663
al-Khuldī
673-674
al-Shiblī
668-670
al-Wāsiṭī
671-673
doctrines of see Sufism/Ṣūfīs
end of
677
first generation of thinkers of
Bishr al-Ḥāfī
644-646
Maʿrūf al-Karkhī
642-644
Sarī l-Saqaṭī
647-649
as heterogeneous group
634
influence of
634
influences on
in general
637
of al-Ḥallāj
664-665, 666, 667
of Manṣūr b. ʿAmmār
638
of al-Muḥāsibī
638-640
of al-Tustarī
640-642
of al-Zāhid
637-638
members of
mutual bond between
676
social situation of
635
persecution of
636, 653
rationalist views and
635
second generation of thinkers of
Ibrāhīm al-Khawwāṣ
661-663
al-Junayd
658-661
al-Kharrāz
649-652
al-Nassāj
651-652
al-Nūrī
652-655
Ruwaym
656-657
Sumnūn al-Muḥibb
655-656
as spiritual elite
635
traditions of, shift to the East
671, 677
Sufism/Ṣūfīs
Ṣūfīs
ʿAbbāsid religious policies and
271-272, 636, 653
in Baghdād see Ṣūfī school of Baghdād
definitions of
by Abū ʿAlī l-Rūdhabārī
671
by Bishr al-Ḥāfī
646
by al-Junayd
659-660
by al-Jurayrī
663
by Maʿrūf al-Karkhī
644
by al-Sarrāj
648
doctrines of
annihilation with God in
651, 659, 660-661, 675
ecstasy in see ecstasy
intoxication in
644, 660, 670, 675
love in see love
oneness of God in see oneness of God
predestination in
651
renunciation in see renunciation
sobriety in
660, 661, 675
subsistence in God in
651, 660-661, 675
Ilkhanid’s conversion to Islam and
281
opposition to marriage of
671-673
persecution of
505-506 636, 640, 653, 656, 658, 663, 665, 675
psychological doctrine of
639-640
Saljūq dynasty and
244, 258
sayings of, works on
673
science of
677
Sharīʿa law and
605
terminology used in
640, 650-651, 659, 661n158, 676
sugar
319
Suhrāb (d. after 908)
797, 806-807
al-Suhrawardī, ʿUmar (d. 1234)
17n53, 92, 270, 272, 507
Suhrawardī family
258
Suhrawardiyya (Ṣūfī order)
271
sukr (intoxication)
644, 660, 670, 675
al-Sulamī, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (d. 1021)
677
Sulaymān (merchant)
401-402
Sulaymān b. Mahārish (n.d.)
236
Sulaymān b. Mujālid (Miqlāṣ story)
55, 56
al-Ṣūlī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad (d. 947)
on Baghdād
733, 792-793
as boon companion
451, 792
on court life
420
life of
451, 792
on Muslim b. al-Walīd
436
on al-Muttaqī li-llāh
421-422
on persecution of Jews
748
works of
Kitāb al-awrāq
151, 420, 451, 792-793
Kitāb al-wuzarāʾ
451
on Zoroastrians
781
Sultan’s Friday Mosque (Jāmiʿ al-Sulṭān) (Baghdād)
11, 12, 249
Summae literature
557-558
Sumnūn al-Muḥibb (d. 910)
655-656
sunna (Prophet’s Customs)
505-506, 597, 606, 607-608, 609
Sunnī, use of term
599-600
Sunnī community in Baghdād
in general
37-38, 304
in Bāb al-Baṣra
8, 39
conflicts with Shīʿī community and
36, 37, 239-240, 278, 305-306, 482, 622-623, 750-751
in al-Mukharrim
8
Sunnī Islam
ʿAbbāsid dynasty and
617-619, 622-623
in Baghdād see Sunnī community in Baghdād
doctrines of
ḥadīth vs. kalām in
602-603
on legitimate ruler
597, 600, 601
role of Sharīʿa law in
604-605
unbelief and
602
law schools of
Ḥanafism/Ḥanafīs; Ḥanbalism/Ḥanbalīs; Shāfiʿism/Shāfiʿīs
development of
604-605
madrasas and
478, 480
rationalist views in
605, 624-625
Saljūq dynasty and
227
semi-rationalist views in
606, 624
traditionalist views in
606-613
traditionalists
in general
603, 606, 624
ʿAlī and his family in
612-613
anthropomorphism and
609-610, 612
attacks on Christianity and
722
attribution of creeds of
606-607
increase and decrease of faith in
609
Jahmī concepts and
609-612
Maʿrūf al-Karkhī and
643-644
Muḥammad’s sighting of God in
610-612
predestination in
552, 607, 608-609
revelation vs. reason in
607-608
super-commentaries
543
Superlunary World
555-556
Sūq al-ʿAtīqa (Baghdād)
735
Sūq al-Thulathāʾ (Baghdād)
317
Sūq al-Ṭīb (Baghdād)
16
Sūq al-Warrāqīn (Bookseller’s Market) (Baghdād)
31, 217-218, 445, 446, 451
Sura Yeshiva
in general
732
educational activities at
743-744, 744
income of
742
move to Baghdād
733, 741
Pumbedita Yeshiva and
742
sending of queries to
741-742
Sūsa, Aḥmad
102
al-Suyūṭī (d. 1505)
200, 266, 277
synagogues
736, 745-746, 820n159
syndics
244
Syria
292, 341-342
cities
Syrian Orthodox Church
685, 686, 688, 701
Taʿarrufmadhhab ahl al-taṣawwuf (The Introduction to the Doctrine of the Ṣūfīs) (al-Kalābādhī)
677
ṬabaqātḤanābila (The Generations of Ḥanbalī [Jurists]) (Ibn Abī Yaʿlā)
229
Ṭabaqāt al-shuʿarāʾ (The Classes of the Poets) (al-Jumaḥī)
451
al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar (d. 923)
on Baghdād
14
on conversion to Christianity
712
on createdness of Qurʾān
606
on dress rules for Christians
694, 695
followers of
622
on Jews of Jerusalem
341n7
law school of
38
life of
498, 790
on literary salons
492
on Madīnat al-Salām
in general
70, 790-791
demolition of houses in
71
foundation of
51-53
Miqlāṣ story and
54-56
not mentioning horoscope
98
qibla of the mosque
69n10
as round city
103-104
security arrangements for
72-73
on Manichaeans
781
on al-Manṣūr
400-401
on monotheism vs. polytheism
499
use of Kitāb Baghdād by
451
used as source
808
works of
in general
687
Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿanʾwīl āy Qurʾān
498-499
Taʾrīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk wa-l-khulafāʾ
51, 150, 400, 492, 499, 790
writing style of
453
al-Ṭabarī, Alī b. Sahl Rabban (d. ca. 860-870)
567, 569, 712, 723
Tabbaa, Yasser
10
al-Tadhkira (The Message) (Ibn Ḥamdūn)
700
Tadhkiratal-awliyāʾ (The Memorial of the Saints) (ʿAṭṭār)
657
Tafsīr (The Commentary [to the Qurʾān]) (Dhū l-Nūn al-Miṣrī)
641
Tahdhībalakhlāq (The Refinement of Character Traits) (Miskawayh)
509-510
Ṭāhir b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 822)
9, 157, 718
Ṭāhirid dynasty
167-168, 172
Ṭāhirid Palace (Baghdād)
173
Taizong (r. 627-649)
399
Tāj al-Mulk (d. 1093)
249, 251
Tāj Palace (Baghdād)
10, 174, 408
Tajārib al-umam (The Experiences of the Communities) (Miskawayh)
151, 199, 330, 571, 793-794
Tājiyya Madrasa (Baghdād)
249, 251
tajriba (experience)
582-584
Takmilat taʾrīkh al-Ṭabarī (The Supplement to the History of al-Ṭabarī) (al-Hamadānī)
200
Takrīt
702-703
Taktika (The Tactics) (Leo VI)
358
Talas, Battle of (751)
399
Talbīs Iblīs (The Devil’s Deception) (Ibn al-Jawzī)
722
Ṭalḥa see al-Muwaffaq bi-llāh
Ṭālibids
244
Talismān Gate (Baghdād)
14, 15, 92, 93, 273, 273, 274
talismans
53, 60-61
Talqīḥ fuhūm ahlāthār (The Nourishing of the Minds of Those Engaged in Historical Research) (Ibn al-Jawzī)
509
Tamannī bt. al-Dabbās (d. 1162)
254
tamgha (trade tax)
299, 303
al-Tamhīd (The Introduction) (al-Bāqillānī)
722
Tang dynasty
399-400
Tangherlini, Timothy
48-49
Tangshu (The Official History of the Tang Dynasty)
400
Tanqīh al-abḥāth li-l-milal al-thalāth (The Examination of the Three Faiths) (Ibn Kammūna)
306
al-Tanūkhī, Muḥammad b. Saḥnūn (d. 870)
495
al-Tanūkhī, al-Muḥassin b. ʿAlī (d. 994)
200-201, 415, 455
tapestries
699
ṭāqāt (arcades)
70
Ṭāq-i Kisrā (The Arch of Khosrow)
125-126
Taqwīm al-buldān (The Survey of the Regions) (Abū l-Fidā)
814-815
Taqyīdʿilm (The Fettering of Knowledge) (al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī)
497, 500
al-Taʾrīkh (The History) (al-Yaʿqūbī)
51, 150
Taʾrīkh Baghdād (The History of Baghdād) (al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī)
35, 50-51, 199, 229, 500, 513, 735, 796
Taʾrīkh al-Islām (The History of Islam) (al-Dhahabī)
229, 266
Taʾrīkh al-khulafāʾ (The History of the Caliphs) (al-Suyūṭī)
200, 266
Taʾrīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk wa-l-khulafāʾ (The History of the Prophets, Kings and Caliphs) (al-Ṭabarī)
51, 150, 400, 492, 499, 790
Taʾrīkh-i Alfi (The History of One Thousand [Years]) (anon.)
163, 620
Taʾrīkh-i guzīda (The Selected History) (Ḥamd Allāh al-Mustawfī Qazwīnī)
815n140
Taʾrīkh-i Jahān Gushā (The History of the World Conqueror) (Juwaynī)
266
Taʾrīkh-i Uljāytū (The History of Öljeitü) (al-Qāshānī)
287
Taʾrīkhnāma (The History Book) (Balʿamī)
144
Tarkān Khātūn (d. 1094)
253
tashabbuh bi-llāh (immitation of God)
551
tashbīh (anthropomorphism)
609-610, 612, 613
tawakkul (trust in God)
656-657, 662
tawḥīd see oneness of God
al-Tawḥīdī, Abū Ḥayyān (d. 1023)
on Abū Ḥāmid al-Marwarrūdhī
213
admirer of al-Jāḥiẓ
455
on Brethren of Purity
218
on debates
218
on Ibn ʿAbbād
204
on ʿIzz al-Dawla
207
on patronage by Ibn Saʿdān
215
scientific polymathy of
571
sponsoring of
215
teacher of
674
on tensions between neighborhoods of Baghdād
208-209
works of
201, 455
mention of
449, 454
taxation
commercial tax
299, 303
Ilkhanate reforms of
303-304
land tax
303, 317
of non-Muslims
303, 692, 693, 697, 701, 748
property taxes
693
teachers see tutors/teachers
teaching see education
teaching circles see study circles
technical terms
541
Tekesh (r. 1172-1200)
266, 288
terminology
in general
532-533, 534n6, 599-600
Byzantine, for Muslims
343-344
of Sufism
640, 650-651, 659, 661n58, 676
technical
541
textile production
87-88, 302, 319
Thaʿālab Monastery (Baghdād)
707
al-Thaʿālibī, Abū Manṣūr (d. 1038)
201
Thābit b. Qurra (d. 901)
540, 561, 577
Thābit b. Sinān (d. ca. 974)
199
Theodor of Mopsuestia (d. 428)
683
Theodore bar Konai (d. ca. 800)
767, 779-781, 782
theologians see religious scholars
theological seminaries, Shīʿī (ḥawzas)
485
theology (kalām)
vs. ḥadīth
602-603
vs. metaphysics
550
Muʿtazilī influence on
629-630
opposition to
607-608
philosophy and
573-574, 580
The Theology of Aristotle (al-Kindī)
541, 547, 550, 585-586
Theophanes Continuatus (d. 817/818)
353n57, 358n85, 362
Theophilos (r. 829-842)
347, 352-353, 352
Theophilus of Edessa (d. 785)
145, 539n14, 715
Thomann, Johannes
xlii, 59, 98-100
thulth script
80
Thumāma b. Ashras (d. 828)
618
Tibetans
400
Ṭībī family
301
Tigris River
in general
113
Baghdād and
1, 20, 238, 245
canals between Euphrates and
122, 123, 133
flooding of
20, 237-238
tributaries of
132
Timothy I (r. 780-823)
apologetical treatise by
724
al-Mahdī and
577, 716-717
missionary activities of
691
as patriarch
690
theological school and
709
Timothy II (r. 1318-1332)
690
ṭirāz (inscribed textiles)
87-88
ṭirāz workshops
33
tithes
317
Tolan, John
711
Töllner, Helmut
162, 170
tolls (mukūs/maks)
693
tombs see shrines/mausolea/tombs
Tongdian (Comprehensive Institutions) (Du You)
400
Topoi (Aristotle)
691
Toral, Isabel
xlii–xliii, 1-40, 47-64, 439-461, 466-468
trade
merchants
in Baghdād
319
markets in Baghdād; production in Baghdād
in general
24, 824
during ʿAbbāsid rule
317, 391, 746
book production/trade
31, 33, 78, 302, 445, 484, 538-539
during Ilkhanid rule
295, 301-302
in Byzantine Empire
359
between China and Islamicate World
401-403
in Ctesiphon urban complex
136
Parthian Ctesiphon and
119, 122
Valāsh-Ābād and
123
trade routes
301-302
trade tax (tamgha)
299, 303
Trajan (r. 98-117)
122
trance
649
translation activities
in general
496, 539-542
at Bayt al-Ḥikma
488
of Christians
536-537, 565, 718-719
institutions involved in
534-544
of medical literature
539, 565
origin of texts used in
544
sponsoring of
216, 350, 539
of works on logic
581-582
translators
540, 544
travel writing/writers
travel writers
on Baghdād
103, 214, 230, 246-247, 287, 381-382, 734
overview of
816-826
on China
401
by Chinese prisoners of war
400
by Muslim prisoners of war
391
Trench of Ṭāhir (Baghdād)
6, 14
trinity
554-555, 723-724
troops see military personnel/troops/armies
trust in God (tawakkul)
656-657, 662
Ṭughril Beg (r. 1055-1063)
ʿAbbāsid caliphs and
231, 232-233
coinage of
232
construction activities of
11, 248-249
religious policies of
696
Ṭughril III (r. 1174-1194)
237, 266
Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār wa-ʿajāʾib al-asfār (A Gift for the Curious: The Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of the Journeys) (Ibn Juzayy)
825
Turkish commanders
Turkish/mamlūk army
Būyid dynasty and
206
construction activities of
188
influences on ʿAbbāsid dynasty of
162, 164-165, 167-169, 180, 237
Turkish slave soldiers see Turkish/mamlūk army
Turkish/mamlūk army
Turkish commanders
of ʿAbbāsid caliphate
28-29, 159, 160, 161, 163-164, 170, 172, 236
Būyid dynasty and
206
composition of
194n1
emergence of
194n2
Ibn Rāʾiq and
196
of Saljūq dynasty
243
al-Turtūshī (d. 1126)
697
al-Ṭūsī, Abū Jaʿfar (d. 1067)
36, 484, 485, 614
al-Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn (d. 1274)
286, 290, 299, 307
al-Tustarī, Sahl (d. 896)
640-642, 651, 667
tutors/teachers
of primary schools
495
relationship with student
558, 574-575
rules of conduct for
495-496
scholars/litterateurs as
31, 440, 446-447, 501, 503
Tūzūn (d. 945)
178-179, 196, 197
Twelver Shīʿism/Twelver Shīʿīs
598-599
two-page illustrations
83-84, 86-87
ʿUdhārā Monastery (Baghdād)
707, 709
ʿUlayya bt. al-Mahdī (d. 825)
34
ʿUmar b. Farrukhān (d. ca. 815)
540
ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb (r. 634-644)
Christian petition to
697-698, 727
foundation of Baṣra and Kūfa
52
legitimacy of
600-602
religious policies of
738
ʿUmar II (r. 717-720)
343
ʿUmāra b. ʿAqīl (d. 853)
492
al-ʿUmarī, Yāsīn (d. 1820)
737n32
ʿUmar’s Stipulations
697-698, 727
Umayyad dynasty
Byzantine Empire and
341-345
religious policies of
688-689
sponsoring by
538, 539
Umm Jaʿfar Mosque (Baghdād)
12-13
Umm Mūsā (fl. 10th cent.)
415
unbelief (kufr)
602, 651
Upton, Joseph
138
urban complexes
of Ctesiphon see Ctesiphon urban complex
palatial complexes see palatial cities/complexes
urban control of Baghdād
by ʿAbbāsid agents
243-244
by civilian groups
29-30, 244-245
by Saljūq military governors
242-243
urban development of Baghdād
administration of Baghdād
during ʿAbbāsid rule see Madīnat al-Salām
during Būyid rule
219-221
funding of
19-20
during Saljūq rule
246
in general
245-248
sponsoring of
248-249, 251-254
urban militia
29-30, 244-245
military personnel/troops/armies
urbanity of Baghdād
21-25
criteria for definition of
21
as Islamic city
22-24
municipal authority in
21-22
al-Urmawī, Ṣafī l-Dīn (d. 1294)
299
ʿushr (property taxes)
693
ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān (r. 644-656)
399, 600-602
Uyghurs
779
Vajda, Georges
617
Valāsh i/Vologeses I (r. 50/51-76/77)
122, 123
Valāsh-Ābād/Meinas Sabatha/Sābāṭ Madāʾin
123, 137
Valerian (r. 253- 260)
117
van Ess, Josef
489, 619, 624
Vēh Antioch Khosrow/al-Rūmiyya
131-132, 137
Vēh Ardashīr
in general
137
Christian community in
129-130, 685, 709
as circular shaped
63, 128, 138
foundation of
127
functions of
128
Jewish community in
128-129, 138
location of
127
Madīnat al-Salām inspired by
63, 112, 128, 138
names for
127-128
as oval shaped
128n90
surroundings of
131
survival of
131
Zoroastrians in
131
veiling, of women
23
Velletri Map
383
viceroy (nāʾib)
292, 298
Vincent of Beauvais
380
violence see persecution/abuse/discrimination; social/religious unrest
Vita Karoli Magni (Life of Charlemagne) (Einhard)
374
vocabularies
440, 541
Vologeses i/Valāsh I (r. 50/51-76/77)
122, 123
al-Waddāh (neighborhood of Baghdād)
78
Wafayāt al-aʿyān (The Demise of Famous Persons) (Ibn Khallikān)
803
Wakīʿ (d. 918)
67n3, 102, 103-104, 796
Wali, Najem
785
walls
of Baghdād
city walls
14, 168, 169
of palatial complexes in
13-14, 269
of Madīnat al-Salām
157
of Sasanian Ctesiphon
124
waqfs (pious endowments)
sponsoring
in general
227-228, 248, 252
for hospitals
578
for libraries
221, 490
for madrasas
16, 255, 256, 479
manipulations of
304
for oratories
252
of stipends for students
480
for Ṣūfī lodges
34
by women
253
al-Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar (d. 822)
452-453, 526-528
al-Warrāq, Abū ʿĪsā (d. after 864)
721
warrāqūn/warrāq (booksellers)
78, 218, 221, 493
Waṣīf al-Turkī (d. 867)
159, 164, 168, 621
Wāsiṭ
foundation legends of
57-58
founding of
74
gates of
60, 74
as Shīʿī center
614-615
al-Wāsiṭī, Abū Bakr (d. 932)
671-673
Wassāf (d. 1328)
287, 307
Wasṭānī (or Dhaʿfariyya) Gate (Baghdād)
15, 16
water clocks (clepsidras)
372
water wheels
332, 332
al-Wāthiq bi-llāh (r. 842-847)
accession to rule of
162
administrative/military education of
161-162
Byzantine emperors and
348
construction activities of
162
death of
162, 163
geographical studies and
389
Ibn Ḥanbal and
504
physician of
718
Watson, Andrew
324, 328
The Weepers (al-bakkāʾūn)
648
Wendell, Charles
103
West Syrian Church
in general
306
ʿAbbāsid dynasty and
700, 702-703
archbishopric of
702-703
churches of
706
influences on
685
investiture diplomas of
689
monasteries of
707
Western Europe
Carolingian dynasty see Carolingian dynasty
in Islamic geographical studies
391-392
wheat
328, 333
White Palace (Ctesiphon)
125-126
Why-ʾrdhšyr see Vēh Ardashīr
William of Tyre (d. 1186)
381
window lattices (mashrabiyyas)
22, 23
women
at ʿAbbāsid court
413-415
in Baghdād
34-35
Byzantine
364
as disciples
656
elementary education for
495
higher education for
476-477
sponsoring by
253-254, 293
veiling of
23
Xerxes I (r. 486-465 or 464 BCE)
114
Yahballaha II (r. 1190-1222)
708
Yahballaha III (r. 1281-1317)
306
Yaḥyā b. Abī Manṣūr (d. ca. 830)
559, 563
Yaḥyā b. ʿAdī (d. 974)
Baghdād School of Philosophers and
542n17, 547, 719-720
circle of
215, 454
disciples of
719-720
al-Fārābī and
576
Miskawayh and
510
on philosophy and religion
554-555
self-perception of
587
sponsoring of
216
mention of
713
Yaḥyā b. ʿĪsā b. Jazla (d. 1100)
712
Yaḥyā b. Khālid al-Barmakī (d. 806)
4, 487, 713
Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd al-Anṣārī (d. ca. 760)
522-523, 529
Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd al-Qaṭṭān (d. 813)
601
Yaḥyā l-Wāsiṭī
xiv, 33, 81-82, 83-87, 86, 212, 318, 321, 332, 402, 421, 430, 446, 477, 508, 525, 527
Yang Liangyao (d. 806)
399-400
Yangzhou
401
al-Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad (d. after 908)
on Baghdād
in general
50-51, 806
booksellers in
78
education in
495
on Baṣra
401
life of
805-806
on Madīnat al-Salām
in general
69-70, 71
astrologers consulted for
98
craftsmen for
32
foundation of
53, 54, 57
as round city
102, 103-104
works of
Kitāb al-buldān
50-51, 102
al-Taʾrīkh
51, 150
used as source
51, 808
mention of
453
Yāqūt al-Hamawī l-Rūmī (d. 1229)
on Baghdād
51, 76, 708, 710, 736, 809-812
on Ibn al-Bawwāb
79
life of
809
on Madīnat al-Salām
56-57, 809
works of
Muʿjambuldān
51, 708, 736, 809-810
al-Mushtarik
814
used as source
812-813, 814, 816
Yāqūt al-Mustaʿṣimī (d. 1298)
80, 305, 307
Yathrib (later Medina)
117
Yatīmat al-dahr fī maḥāsin ahl al-ʿar (The Unique Pearl Concerning the Excellence of Contemporary People) (al-Thaʿālibī)
201
Yazdgird b. Mihbandār al-Fārisī (fl. late 9th century)
805, 829
Yazdgird I (r. 399-420)
683
Yazīd b. Hārūn (d. 821)
601
yeshivas see Sura Yeshiva
Yoḥannan (r. 691-693)
689
Yoḥannan III (r. 846-873)
702
Yoḥannan V (r. 1000-1011)
702-703
Yokkaichi, Y.
301
young men see futuwwa groups; gangs
Yūḥanna (fl. late 10th cent.)
704
Yūḥannā b. Ḥaylān (d. ca. 920)
576
Yūḥannā b. Māsawayh (d. 857)
566, 571, 709
Yūnis b. ʿAbd al-Aʿlā (d. 877)
513
Yūsuf b. Yaḥyā
420
Yūwānīs (r. 893-899)
705
Zād Hurmuz (fl. 8th cent.)
766, 777
Zād al-masīr fī ʿilmtafsīr (The Provisions for the Journey [of those Acquiring] Knowledge of Qurʾānic Exegesis) (Ibn al-Jawzī)
508-509
al-Zāhid, Abū Hāshim (d. 767/768)
637-638
al-Ẓāhir bi-Amr Allāh (r. 1225-1226)
274
al-Zāhir Garden (Baghdād)
17
Zandaward Monastery (Baghdād)
707
zandīg (Arab. zindīq)
770-771, 773
Zanj (African slaves)
171, 329, 428
Zawzanī family
258
Zawzanī Ribāṭ (Baghdād)
257, 258
Zaydī Shīʿīs
36-37, 597-598, 602
Zaynabī family
255
zījāt/zīj (astronomical tables)
99-100, 562, 564, 580
Ziyārid dynasty
203
Zoroaster (n.d.)
780
Zoroastrianism/Zoroastrians
in general
40
in Baghdād
781
conversions to Islam of
773-775
dualist worldview
770
knowledge production by
773-775
legal system of
769
Manichaeism and
770-771
Muslims and
327
organizational structure of
765
persecution of other religions by
766, 770
rural-urban dichotomy in
769-770
Sasanian dynasty and
765, 768
sources on
767
Turkic connections and
780
in Vēh Ardashīr
131
Zosimos (d. 520)
123
Zubayda bt. Jaʿfar (d. 831/832)
34, 413-415, 636, 638
Zubayda Palace (Baghdād)
176
Zubdat al-nuṣra wa-nukhbat al-ʿuṣra (The Quintessence of the Nuṣra and Finest Part of the Period) (al-Bundārī)
229
zuhd see renunciation
Zumurrud Khātūn (d. 1202)
shrine of
17n53, 18, 91-92, 92, 269, 272
sponsoring by
253
zunnār belts
694-695