Figures

1 Anatomy of a scroll (1Q20 [apGen] cols. 20–22) 377

2 Parts of the column (11Q10 [Job] cols. 37–38) 378

3 Skin fragment (3Q14 frag. 4 [Tob?]) 379

4 Papyrus fragment (6Q23 [papWords of Michael] frag. 1) 379

5 Sheet number פ (1Q20 [apGen] col. 5) 382

6 Sewing between sheets, with writing across the seam (4Q213 [Levi^a] frag. 1) 383

7 Manuscript repair by stitching (4Q547 [Visions of Amram^e] frag. 5) 384

8 Examples of large and small scroll heights (to approximate relative scale) 388

9 Guide dots (1Q20 [apGen] col. 22) 392

10 Guide dots (4Q545 [Visions of Amram^c] frag. 3) 392

11 Part of the end of a scroll (4Q245 [psDan^c] frag. 2) 392

12 The partial beginning of a scroll (4Q571 [Words of Michael^a]) 393

13 Examples of column width (to approximate relative scale) 393

14 Example of a wide column and an exceptionally large number of letters per line (5Q15 [NJ] frag. 1) 396

15 Line spacing examples (to approximate relative scale) 397

16 Example of a fairly typical upper to lower margin ratio (4Q246 [apocrDan] frag. 1) 398

17 Small and large top margins (to approximate relative scale) 399

18 Intercolumnar margins (to approximate relative scale) 400

19 Intercolumnar margin (4Q530 [EnGiants^b] frag. 2) 401

20 Intercolumnar margin with seam (4Q553 [Four Kingdoms^b] frag. 8) 401

21 Formal Hasmonean script (4Q543 [Visions of Amram^a]) 405

22 Semi-formal Hasmonean script (4Q542 [TQahat]) 405

23 Semi-cursive Hasmonean scripts (4Q201 [En^a] and 6Q23 [papWords of Michael]) 405

24 Formal Herodian script (1Q20 [apGen]) 406

25 Semi-formal Herodian script (4Q536 [Birth of Noah^c]) 406

26 Semi-cursive Herodian script (6Q8 [papGiants]) 406

27 Cursive scripts from the Judean Desert, as drawn by F.M. Cross 406

28 Letter height (to approximate relative scale) 408

29 A column with small, medium, and large vacats (1Q20 [apGen] 22) 411

30 A column with no vacats (4Q212 [En^g] 1iii–v) 412

31 Palaeo-Hebrew divine name (4Q243 [psDan^a] 1.2) 414

32 Partially extant tetrapuncta (4Q196 [papTob^a] 18.15) 415

33 Dicolon (two dots) to signal minor sense-division (4Q156 [Lev?] 1.6) 416

34 Erasure of one letter and at least two words by scraping (11Q10 [Job] 21ii.5–6) 416

35 Deletion of a letter with a vertical line (4Q530 [EnGiants^b] 7i.1) 416

36 Deletion of a word with a horizontal line (4Q533 [EnGiants^e] 3.2) 416

37 Deletion with cancellation dot above the letter (4Q208 [Enastr^a] 16.4 and 18.2) 417

38 Deletion with cancellation dots above and below a letter (1Q20 [apGen] 5.9) 417

39 Supralinear addition of a letter (4Q531 [EnGiants^c] 17.1) 417

40 Scribal insertion mark below supralinear word (4Q196 [papTob^a] 6.8) 417

41 Supralinear addition of multiple words (4Q202 [En^b] 1ii.2) 417

42 Sublinear letter added (4Q559 [papBiblical Chronology] 4.5) 418

43 Vertical insertion of text (4Q542 [TQahat] 3) 418

44 Tav written over another letter (4Q208 [Enastr^a] 5.2) 418

45 Marginal paragraphos symbol (4Q532 [EnGiants^d] 1ii.7) 419

46 Marginal “fishhook” paragraphos symbols (4Q213 [Levi^a] 1.ii11 and 4Q213a [Levi^b] 2.10–11) 419

47 Excellent original quality manuscript (4Q209 [Enastr^b] 23) 421

48 Good original quality manuscript (4Q213a [Levi^b] 1, 2) 422

49 Fair original manuscript quality (4Q542 [TQahat] 1) 422

Tables

1 Skin and papyrus manuscripts arranged by palaeographic date (youngest to oldest) 380

2 Carbon-dated manuscripts 381

3 Manuscripts with height and length substantially preserved 387

4 Manuscripts with only height substantially preserved 387

5 Vertical ruling on both sides of columns 389

6 Vertical ruling on right side of column only where left margin is extant 389

7 Vertical ruling on right side of column where left margin is not extant 390

8 Ruled script lines 390

9 Manuscripts with marginal dots for marking script guidelines 391

10 Column size (height and width) 394

11 Column size (only full width known) 395

12 Column size (only full height known) 395

13 Vacats arranged by size 412

Charts

1 Letters per line (average) 396

2 Line spacing (mm) 397

3 Top margin size (mm) 398

4 Bottom margin size (mm) 399

5 Intercolumnar margin size (mm; without seam) 400

6 Intercolumnar margin size (mm; with seam) 401

7 Margin to seam (mm) 401

8 Chronological distribution 407

9 Letter height (mm) 407