Index
accent
lexical
46, 49, 512
pitch
46, 52, 436
sentence
52, 435, 436, 438
actionality
115, 211, 258, 535
accelerative
537
frequentative
259
inceptive
275
inchoative
259, 260
iterative
500, 535, 537
momentaneous
538
semelfactive
500, 537
adjective
70, 322, 514, 519
caritive
392, 395, 519
demonstrative
81, 179
locative
521
modifying
302, 318
adjective phrase
322
adjectivizer
521
adpositional phrase
122, 124, 329, 330, 344
adverb
209, 345
degree
120
demonstrative
50, 81, 122, 123, 375, 480
local
118
manner
119
modal
121
multiplicative
122, 500
temporal
117, 121
adverb phrase
345
adverbial
329, 330, 372, 428
contingency
379
degree
380
modal/manner
377
obligatory
373
sentence
378, 429
spatial
374
temporal
376
VP-modifying
430
agreement
70, 105, 301, 302, 309, 317, 351, 409
anaphora
85, 173, 441, 443
animacy
73, 87, 138, 442
applicative
342
argument structure
324
aspect
115
→ see viewpoint aspect
assistive
534
associative
142
auxiliary converb construction
18
→ see postverbial construction
body part term
64, 461
borrowing
Ewenki
40, 141, 454, 461, 463, 466, 468, 489, 500, 514
Mongolic
40, 103, 141, 485, 498, 514
Nganasan
491, 506
Russian
44, 50, 66, 74, 94, 96, 130, 278, 404, 412, 413, 461, 468, 477, 483, 484, 486, 489, 502, 514, 538
Samoyedic
506
cardinal points
483
case
143
ablative
70, 122, 128, 154, 371, 372
accusative
127, 148, 160, 353, 356, 359, 384, 407
comitative
145
comparative
70, 370
dative-locative
128, 143, 152, 336, 357, 369, 396
genitive
124–126, 143, 144, 149, 160, 303, 306, 313
instrumental
122, 144, 156, 338
locative
122, 152, 186
nominative
125, 146, 353, 361, 384
partitive
21, 150, 152, 353, 355, 384
cataphora
85
causative
44, 65, 327, 334, 528, 529
Christianization
14, 67, 504
Chukchi
497
Chuvash
9, 524
clause combining
19
→ see complex clause
clitic
129, 130, 386
collectivization
15
colonization
10, 13
colour term
463
comparison
70, 155, 157
comparative
70, 370
equative
370
positive
70, 370
superlative
71, 131, 371
complex clause
19, 399, 405
adverbial clause
124, 210, 217, 221, 224, 344, 412
causal clause
422
clause chain
108, 210, 214, 399
complement clause
107, 326, 328, 351, 406
conditional clause
207, 266–268, 273, 417
modal clause
420
purpose clause
222, 419
relative clause
193, 197, 201, 209, 298, 316, 409
temporal clause
111, 199, 219, 266, 268, 413
compound
304
conjunction
320, 403, 413
consonant assimilation
18, 39, 57, 61, 94, 185, 187, 193, 196, 199, 202, 210, 216, 220, 235, 248, 250, 265, 273, 285
consonant cluster
44, 56, 64, 511, 531
consonant deletion
65, 531
consonants
37, 40, 509
long
39
short
37
converb
209
anterior
25, 218, 414, 500
modal
220, 421
negative
224, 262, 421
negative simultaneous
26, 215, 262, 399, 421
purposive
221, 402, 419
sequential
109, 210, 258, 261, 333, 399, 415, 422, 449
simultaneous
110, 208, 213, 256, 258, 261, 399, 420, 421, 449
conversational formula
134
cooperative
528, 534
coordination
122, 320, 323, 351, 403
adversative
404
conjunctive
403, 404
disjunctive
403, 404
juxtaposition
320, 403
debuccalization
57, 94, 185, 190, 202, 204, 208, 210, 213, 218, 221, 224, 227, 253, 273, 285, 286, 290, 291
definiteness
137, 150, 301, 302, 349, 354–356, 360, 364, 384
deixis
local
82, 480
temporal
84, 117, 122, 484
desiderative
107
→ see modality: volitive
dialect
24, 465
Anabar Dolgan
24
Lower Dolgan
24, 28, 69, 106, 172, 216, 312, 345, 461, 464, 475, 478, 482
Norilsk Dolgan
1, 475, 485, 487, 502
Upper Dolgan
24, 28, 69, 91, 106, 172, 220, 224, 312, 322, 345, 414, 463, 464, 478, 482
differential object marking
148, 353
diminutive
140, 209, 501, 516, 523
diphthongization
20, 512
diphthongs
30, 34, 36, 40, 55, 97, 184
direct speech
342, 448
dual
285, 289, 383
East Old Turkic
524
Enets
8, 10, 12, 14, 22, 80, 299, 425, 491, 496
ethnonym
endonym
4, 11, 15, 496, 521
exonym
8, 496
evidentiality
18, 131, 232, 233, 237, 241, 243, 265, 294, 363
direct
294
hearsay
131, 243, 294, 296, 299
indirect
294, 295
inferential
243, 294–296, 298, 299
Ewen
252
Ewenki
8, 10–14, 21, 22, 435, 456, 467, 487, 496, 509, 512
false start
444
filler
445
Govorka
14
→ see Taimyr Pidgin Russian
housing
16
hunting
16
illocution
52, 263, 286, 290, 381, 385
impersonal clause
280, 325, 347
infinitive
192
information structure
19, 52, 365, 376, 378, 381, 431
contrastive focus
432, 436, 437
contrastive topic
432, 434
external topic
435
focus
53, 311, 360, 387, 396, 432, 436
postverbal background
438
topic
364, 381, 430, 432, 433
interjection
133
interrogative clause
52
→ see question
Ket
508
Khakas
208
Khalaj
21
Khatanga Trading Way
10, 13, 14, 16, 484, 502, 503
kinship term
64, 306, 455, 500
Kirghiz
81
language contact
253
bilingualism
11, 12, 23, 501, 505
code-switching
502
Ewenki
21, 23, 25, 455, 456, 458, 462, 501
ingroup language
14, 15
lingua franca
14
Mongolic
9, 141
multilingualism
23
Nganasan
24
Russian
22, 23, 32, 338, 425
Samoyedic
80
lenition
56
light verb
18
→ see postverbial construction
loanword
40
→ see borrowing
medial
64
→ see middle
metathesis
60, 68, 185, 193, 197, 199, 207, 216, 220, 235, 265, 269, 285, 295
middle
64, 339, 527, 533
middle syllable loss
60
→ see vowel syncope
migration
17
→ see nomadism
minimal pair
33, 35, 36, 38, 39
Mittelsilbenschwund
60
→ see vowel syncope
modality
18, 263, 294
deontic
121, 130, 275, 277, 279, 282, 408
epistemic
121, 266, 269, 272, 274, 378, 417
facultative
108
volitive
107, 223, 284
modifier
94, 97, 189, 192, 193, 197, 201, 209, 409
Mongolian
141
monophthongization
36, 97, 99, 101, 181
mood
18, 263
→ see also modality
conditional
269, 418
conditional-temporal
265, 268, 363, 415, 417, 418
counterfactual
272, 418
future imperative
289
imperative
151, 283, 285, 355, 382, 389
indicative
265
intentional
283
necessitative
130, 151, 276, 278, 281, 349, 355, 408
potential-admonitive
291, 382, 397
probabilitive
273
name
66
→ see noun: proper
negation
constituent
132, 396
standard
93, 170, 228, 235, 239, 242, 245, 246, 249, 250, 254, 256, 262, 265, 269, 272, 273, 277, 279, 283, 286, 292, 295, 388, 391
negative polarity item
93, 132, 183, 390, 396
Nenets
8, 10, 12, 80, 299, 491, 496
Nganasan
8, 12, 13, 22, 80, 299, 424, 435, 491, 496
nomadism
16, 17
nominalizer
524
non-verbal predication
19, 77, 110, 169, 186, 238, 297, 361
comparative
370
existential predication
19, 364, 393, 411
locative predication
19, 364, 393, 411
predicate adjective
323, 364, 369, 370, 391, 395
predicate nominal
51, 362, 367, 369, 391
noun phrase
18, 300, 326, 328–330
bare
300
determined
301
discontinuous
76, 300, 317
heavy
300, 316, 319
noun
action
524, 525
agent
58, 60, 206, 517, 522, 525
common
513
count
66, 103
existential
69, 249, 256, 272, 273, 277, 281, 365, 369, 392, 398, 407, 411, 519
mass
66, 103
modifying
303
paired
142
proper
66, 504, 513
relational
39, 61, 67, 482
numeral
approximative
100
cardinal
94, 309, 311
collective
99, 104
distributive
98
limitative
101
ordinal
37, 64, 96, 309
object
332, 341, 427
direct
147, 148, 150, 328, 342, 357, 384
indirect
357
onomatopoeia
135, 525
orthography
23
participle
406, 407, 409, 421, 423
abessive
131, 189, 208, 256, 268
conditional
199, 206, 265, 295, 417
future
201, 248, 272, 276–279, 281, 283, 408, 416, 420
habitual
204, 253–256, 500
negative postterminal past
199, 239, 242, 245, 271
negative present
193, 215, 228, 246, 250
postterminal past
51, 60, 64, 196, 220, 239, 241, 245, 271, 327, 413
present
64, 190, 227, 246, 250, 276, 415
particle
129, 267, 271, 445
degree
322
discourse
133
emphatic
132, 213, 215, 320, 323, 396, 404
evidential
131, 244, 297
interrogative
130, 385, 403
modal
129
quotative
212
superlative
323, 372
passive
65, 340, 353, 531, 532
philative
518
placeholder
90, 115, 446
plural
51, 136, 140, 191
pn-ending
186
conditional
186, 265
possessive
186, 235, 238, 239, 248, 250, 295, 406
predicative
51, 169, 186, 210, 213, 216, 222, 227, 228, 235, 242, 253, 254, 256, 269, 273, 276, 277, 283, 291, 362, 366, 369, 401
possession
adnominal
75, 147, 149, 157, 159, 304, 411
predicative
368, 395
possessive suffix
86, 157, 174, 177, 186, 303, 316, 440–442, 455, 476
postposition
124, 212, 344
postverbial construction
18, 115, 210, 211, 214, 218, 225, 400, 538
Pre-Dolgan-Sakha
9, 499, 507
prefix
18, 49, 50, 81, 123
pronominal n
161, 176, 177, 186, 306
pronoun
demonstrative
81, 122, 176, 301, 307, 317, 441, 442, 445, 480
emphatic
77, 79, 174
indefinite
25, 91, 93, 132, 183
interrogative
36, 87, 104, 115, 181, 386, 408, 412, 446
personal
72, 172, 439, 441
possessive
74, 140, 172, 308, 318
reciprocal
80, 174, 340
reflexive
77, 78, 174
propriative
96, 104, 181, 276, 277, 369, 486, 519
prosody
46
quantifier
25, 102, 180, 309, 311
floating
314, 317, 319
universal
71, 105, 312, 372
question
52, 385
content
52, 89, 130, 386, 389
polar
52, 130, 385, 389, 403
quotative
449
reciprocal
64, 80, 340, 528, 534
reduplication
18, 50, 80, 523
reference tracking
352, 360, 394, 438
reflexive
64, 78, 339, 527, 533
reindeer herding
16, 489
Sakha
1, 9–14, 19–21, 25, 69, 73, 206, 208, 216, 218, 234, 238, 252, 289, 320, 404, 424, 456, 458, 463, 478, 483, 496, 499, 519
school education
24
selective
160
Selkup
507
semantic role
324
accompaniment
321, 377, 518
addressee
341, 342, 358
agent
192, 193, 197, 201, 326, 328–330, 332, 335, 341, 352, 357
beneficiary
151, 331, 339, 359, 533
causer
334, 336
comparee
370
experiencer
326, 329, 353
goal
152, 329, 333, 374
instrument
377
locus/location
152, 330, 364, 374, 411
path
156, 375
patient
192, 193, 197, 201, 326, 328, 353, 356
possessee
304, 369, 396
possessor
147, 304, 318, 369, 396
quality
377
recipient
126, 153, 332, 356, 357
source
329, 375
standard
70, 370, 372
stimulus
329
theme
326, 328, 330, 332, 341, 353, 356, 357, 364, 411
serial verb
18
→ see postverbial construction
similative
122, 145, 522
singular
136, 354, 394
sociative
145, 321, 518
Soviet Union
15, 17, 23, 505
specificity
91, 137, 349, 354–356, 384
stem alternation
184
stress
46
→ see accent
subcategorization
324, 334
subject
146, 326, 328–330, 332, 350, 353, 357
covert
352, 383
dummy
348
logical
349
overt
352, 383
subordination
405
→ see complex clause
syllable
42
coda
44
nucleus
43, 44
onset
44
taboo expression
467
Taimyr Pidgin Russian
14
Tatar
161
tense-aspect
18
abessive
131, 256, 268
future
151, 248, 273, 290, 355
habitual
253
imperfect
250
past
51, 186, 231, 250, 254, 277
past abessive
257
past habitual
255
past progressive
246
pluperfect
245
postterminal past
231, 239, 241, 296, 391
present
229, 250
simple past
231, 235
toponym
67, 506, 513
Tundra Peasant
10, 14, 504
Turkish
81, 161, 464, 466, 483
Turkmen
97
Uzbek
306
valence
324, 334, 338, 529, 533
verb
514
atmospheric/meteorological
325, 348
auxiliary
112, 238, 245, 246, 255, 256, 259, 261, 271, 272, 278, 426
captative
527
copula
110, 238, 367, 391, 395
depictive
122, 508, 525, 537
distributive
536
ditransitive
153, 324, 332, 357, 410, 427
emotive
536
intransitive
324, 326, 329, 334, 350, 409
lexical
106
modal
107
non-transformative
226, 230, 241, 259, 414
perceptional
329
speech
153, 341, 356, 358, 448
transformative
226, 230, 260, 414
transitive
324, 336, 353, 410
unaccusative
327, 334, 409
unergative
327, 334, 409
verb phrase
18, 324
verbalizer
515, 526
viewpoint aspect
18, 115, 211, 226, 231, 237, 240, 258
intraterminal
226, 230, 247, 250, 254, 259, 260
postterminal
51, 186, 226, 231, 232, 240, 242, 245, 260
voicing
56, 64, 94, 185, 190, 201, 204, 208, 210, 213, 218, 221, 224, 227, 240, 248, 253, 265, 273, 285, 286, 289, 291, 295
Volochanka uprising
15
vowel harmony
17, 54, 186, 193, 196, 199, 201, 206, 216, 218, 220, 221, 224, 235, 512
vowel syncope
60, 68, 97, 185, 190, 204, 208, 210, 213, 218, 221, 224, 227, 253, 273, 285, 286, 290, 291
vowels
17, 33, 55, 512
long
20, 30, 33, 40, 97, 184, 512
prolonged
36
short
33, 40
word order
76, 303–305, 308, 310, 331, 353, 357, 360, 365, 376–381, 385–387, 412, 424, 433, 438
SOV
18, 26, 385, 424
SVO
26, 424, 437
Yakut
1
→ see Sakha
yasak
10
Yukaghir
478, 497, 508