Abbreviations

ALBA

Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America

AU

African Union

BASICs

Brazil, South Africa, India and China in climate change negotiations

BIT

Bilateral Investment Treaty

BRI

Belt and Road Initiative

BRICS

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

CARICOM

Caribbean Community

CBD

Convention on Biological Diversity

CCICED

China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development

CEPI

Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations

CETA

Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement

CETESB

Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo

CIA

Central Intelligence Agency (USA)

CITES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

COP

Conference of the Parties

COVAX

COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access

DANIDA

Danish International Development Agency

DC

Developing countries

DDA

Doha Development Agenda

DESA

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

ECC

Canada’s Minister of Environment and Climate Change

ECHR

European Court of Human Rights

ECOSOC

Economic and Social Council

EEU

Eurasian Economic Union

EU

European Union

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FCNs

Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Agreements

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment

FGDs

Focus-Group Discussions

FTA

Free Trade Agreement

G20

Group of 20

G7

Group of 7

G77

Group of 77

GAFA

Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GBVF

Gender-based violence and femicide

GCM

Global Compact on Migration

GFMD

Global Forum on Migration and Development

GHG

Greenhouse Gas

GVC

Global Value Chains

GW

Gigawatt

HDI

Human Development Index

HIC

Hybrid Institutional Complexes

HRC

Human Rights Council

IACHR

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights

IACTHR

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency

ICANN

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization

ICSID

International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes

IEA

International Energy Agency

IGO

Intergovernmental Organization

IIA

International Investment Agreement

IISD

International Institute for Sustainable Development

ILO

International Labour Organization

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IML

International Migration Law

IMO

International Maritime Organization

INGO

International Nongovernmental Organization

IO

International Organization

IOM

International Organization for Migration

ISDS

Investor – State Dispute Settlement

ITIS

International Trade and Investment System

ITO

International Trade Organization

IUCN

International Union for Conservation of Nature

JEFTA

Japan – EU Free Trade Agreement

LDC

Least developed countries

MCOF

Migration Crisis Operational Framework

MEE

China’s Minister of Ecology and Environment

MERCOSUR

Mercado Común del Sur (Common Market of the South)

MFN

Most Favoured Nation

MICIC

Migrants in Countries in Crisis Initiative

MIGOF

Migration Governance Framework

MINT

Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey

MIST

Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea and Turkey

MNC

Multinational Corporation

MNF

Multinational Firm

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NDC

National Determined Contribution

NEA

China’s National Energy Administration

NGO

Nongovernmental Organization

NIEO

New International Economic Order

OAS

Organization of American States

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OHCHR

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

OSCE

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

RCEP

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

RO

Regional Organizations

RTA

Regional Trade Agreement

S&DT

Special and Differential Treatment

SADC

Southern African Development Community

SCO

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

SDG

Sustainable Development Goal

SIDA

Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

TNC

Transnational Corporation

TTIP

Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

UCLG

United Cities and Local Governments

UNCED

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

UNCITRAL

United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

UNCLOS

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNDRR

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme

UNEP FI

United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNGA

United Nations General Assembly

UNHCR

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNICEF

United Nations Children’s Fund

UNIDO

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

UNISPAL

United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine

UNRWA

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

UNSCR

United Nations Security Council Resolution

UNSDG

United Nations Sustainable Development Group

URA

Uruguay Round Agreement

USAID

United States Agency for International Development

USMCA

US – Mexico – Canada Agreement

WB

World Bank

WCR

Wider Caribbean Region

WHO

World Health Organization

WTO

World Trade Organization

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