Abbreviations
ALBA | Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America |
AU | African Union |
BASICs | Brazil, South Africa, India and China in climate change negotiations |
BIT | Bilateral Investment Treaty |
BRI | Belt and Road Initiative |
BRICS | Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa |
CARICOM | Caribbean Community |
CBD | Convention on Biological Diversity |
CCICED | China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development |
CEPI | Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations |
CETA | Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement |
CETESB | Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo |
CIA | Central Intelligence Agency (USA) |
CITES | Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species |
COP | Conference of the Parties |
COVAX | COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access |
DANIDA | Danish International Development Agency |
DC | Developing countries |
DDA | Doha Development Agenda |
DESA | United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |
ECC | Canada’s Minister of Environment and Climate Change |
ECHR | European Court of Human Rights |
ECOSOC | Economic and Social Council |
EEU | Eurasian Economic Union |
EU | European Union |
FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
FCNs | Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Agreements |
FDI | Foreign Direct Investment |
FGDs | Focus-Group Discussions |
FTA | Free Trade Agreement |
G20 | Group of 20 |
G7 | Group of 7 |
G77 | Group of 77 |
GAFA | Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple |
GATT | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade |
GBVF | Gender-based violence and femicide |
GCM | Global Compact on Migration |
GFMD | Global Forum on Migration and Development |
GHG | Greenhouse Gas |
GVC | Global Value Chains |
GW | Gigawatt |
HDI | Human Development Index |
HIC | Hybrid Institutional Complexes |
HRC | Human Rights Council |
IACHR | Inter-American Commission on Human Rights |
IACTHR | Inter-American Court of Human Rights |
IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency |
ICANN | Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers |
ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organization |
ICSID | International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes |
IEA | International Energy Agency |
IGO | Intergovernmental Organization |
IIA | International Investment Agreement |
IISD | International Institute for Sustainable Development |
ILO | International Labour Organization |
IMF | International Monetary Fund |
IML | International Migration Law |
IMO | International Maritime Organization |
INGO | International Nongovernmental Organization |
IO | International Organization |
IOM | International Organization for Migration |
ISDS | Investor – State Dispute Settlement |
ITIS | International Trade and Investment System |
ITO | International Trade Organization |
IUCN | International Union for Conservation of Nature |
JEFTA | Japan – EU Free Trade Agreement |
LDC | Least developed countries |
MCOF | Migration Crisis Operational Framework |
MEE | China’s Minister of Ecology and Environment |
MERCOSUR | Mercado Común del Sur (Common Market of the South) |
MFN | Most Favoured Nation |
MICIC | Migrants in Countries in Crisis Initiative |
MIGOF | Migration Governance Framework |
MINT | Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey |
MIST | Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea and Turkey |
MNC | Multinational Corporation |
MNF | Multinational Firm |
NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement |
NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
NDC | National Determined Contribution |
NEA | China’s National Energy Administration |
NGO | Nongovernmental Organization |
NIEO | New International Economic Order |
OAS | Organization of American States |
OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
OHCHR | Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |
OSCE | Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe |
RCEP | Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership |
RO | Regional Organizations |
RTA | Regional Trade Agreement |
S&DT | Special and Differential Treatment |
SADC | Southern African Development Community |
SCO | Shanghai Cooperation Organization |
SDG | Sustainable Development Goal |
SIDA | Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency |
TNC | Transnational Corporation |
TTIP | Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership |
UCLG | United Cities and Local Governments |
UNCED | United Nations Conference on Environment and Development |
UNCITRAL | United Nations Commission on International Trade Law |
UNCLOS | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea |
UNCTAD | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |
UNDP | United Nations Development Programme |
UNDRR | United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction |
UNEP | United Nations Environment Programme |
UNEP FI | United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative |
UNESCO | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
UNFCCC | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
UNGA | United Nations General Assembly |
UNHCR | United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
UNICEF | United Nations Children’s Fund |
UNIDO | United Nations Industrial Development Organization |
UNISPAL | United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine |
UNRWA | United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East |
UNSCR | United Nations Security Council Resolution |
UNSDG | United Nations Sustainable Development Group |
URA | Uruguay Round Agreement |
USAID | United States Agency for International Development |
USMCA | US – Mexico – Canada Agreement |
WB | World Bank |
WCR | Wider Caribbean Region |
WHO | World Health Organization |
WTO | World Trade Organization |