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Notes on Contributors

Kyo Arai

has been Professor of International Law, the Faculty of Law, Doshisha University, Kyoto, since 2007. He received an ll.m from the Graduate School of Law, Doshisha University, in 1995. Areas of his academic interests are: International Humanitarian Law, Law of Naval Warfare, and International Criminal Law. He has contributed to many books and journals, including the Japanese Yearbook of International Law, and the Journal of International Law and Diplomacy (published by the Japanese Society of International Law).

Richard Barnes

is Professor of International Law at the University of Lincoln. He is also Adjunct Professor of Law at the Norwegian Centre for the Law of the Sea. He has published widely on international law of the sea, including Property Rights and Natural Resources (Hart, 2009) and co-edited The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: A Living Instrument (biicl, 2016), Research Handbook on Climate Change, Oceans and Coasts (Edward Elgar, 2020) and Frontiers in International Environmental Law: Oceans and Climate Challenges (Brill 2021). Richard is Current Legal Developments Editor of the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. He has advised a range of public and private bodies, including the wwf, the European Parliament, and the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, and appeared on numerous occasions before Parliamentary committees to provide expert evidence on fisheries and law of the sea issues.

Robert Beckman

is an Emeritus Professor at the Faculty of Law of the National University of Singapore (nus). He has specialized in Ocean Law and Policy and in the International Regulation of Shipping, and he currently teaches a course on International Regulation of the Global Commons. Prof. Beckman was the founding Director of the Centre for International Law (cil), a university-level research institute at nus, and he is currently the head of cil’s Ocean Law & Policy Programme. He is also a Senior Advisor to the Maritime Security Programme of the Institute for Defence & Strategic Studies (idss) at Nanyang Technological University (ntu). Prof. Beckman is a member of the Governing Board of the Rhodes Academy of Oceans Law and Policy.

Henry S. Bensurto Jr.

is a career diplomat and the Philippine Foreign Affairs Lead Counsel in the South China Sea Arbitration. He authored the Zone of Peace, Freedom, Friendship and Cooperation in the South China Sea (zopffc) as the Philippine’s foreign policy approach in the scs; and later, as part of the core legal framework of the suit against China. He is a recipient of various Presidential awards for his foreign policy contributions including the Order of Lakandula with the Rank of Grand Officer Commander (2015), and the Gawad Mabini with the Rank of Dakilang Kasugo (2009). Mr. Bensurto is an alumnus of the University of the Philippines (Political Science), San Beda College of Law (llb), and Oxford University (Distinction in Public International Law). He has a Diploma on the Law of the Sea, Rhodes Academy of Oceans Law and Policy, and a Certificate on National Security, Center for National Security Law, University of Virginia School of Law.

Mariamalia Rodríguez Chaves

has more than fifteen years of experience working with environmental non-governmental organizations and as an independent consultant on diverse environmental topics. She has a law degree, and a master’s degree in Environmental Law, from the University of Costa Rica; and a PhD in Law from the School of Law of the National University of Ireland, Galway (nuig). She successfully completed the United Nations-Nippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship and is the Global representative of its Alumni network of over 200 fellows worldwide. Currently, Mariamalia is a Post-Doctoral Fellow researcher in the Empowering Women for the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development programme at the wmu-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute; a consultant for the High Seas Alliance, where she is responsible for coordinating the approach of Latin American countries in negotiating new treaty on biodiversity beyond national negotiations at the United Nations; and the programme coordinator of the doalos/Norway programmes of assistance to meet the strategic capacity needs of developing states in the field of ocean governance and the law of the sea.

Aldo Chircop

is professor of law and Canada Research Chair at the Marine & Environmental Law Institute, Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University, Canada. His fields of research are in the law of the sea and international maritime law.

Vu Hai Dang

is an Ocean Law and Policy Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for International Law – National University of Singapore. His expertise includes international law, law of the sea, international environmental law, protection of the marine environment with a geographical focus on Southeast Asia and the South China Sea. He has a broad experience, having worked in the various fields of the legal service, diplomacy, the civil service, and academia.

David Freestone

is Professorial Lecturer and Visiting Scholar at the George Washington University Law School, Washington DC. He has been the Co-Rapporteur of the ila Committee on International Law and Sea Level Rise since 2012. He is also the Executive Secretary of the Sargasso Sea Commission. From 1996–2008 he worked in the Legal Office of the World Bank – initially as Chief of the Environment and International Law practice group, retiring as Deputy General Counsel/Senior Adviser. He is the Editor in Chief of the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. His recent books include Legal Dimensions of Sea Level Rise: Pacific Perspectives, The World Bank and gfdrr, 2021 (with Duygu Çiçek); Conserving Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, Brill Nijhoff, 2019; Sustainable Development and International Environmental Law (Edward Elgar, 2018).

David S. Goddard

is a barrister and Assistant Legal Adviser at the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. During a previous career in the Royal Navy, he served as a legal adviser on various maritime and joint operations, and as a military professor at the Stockton Center for the Study of International Law at the US Naval War College. His research has focused on the law of the sea, international human rights law and the intersection of international law and military operations.

Naoki Iwatsuki

is professor of international law at Rikkyo University (Japan) since 2012. He earned an ll.m from the University of Tokyo in 1998 and dea from the University of Paris 1, Pantheon-Sorbonne, in 2000. He was visiting fellow at the European University Institute (2010–2011), at the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, the University of Cambridge (2011), and at the University of Rome La Sapienza (2011–2012). His principal field of research is the peaceful settlement of international disputes, especially focusing on the legal regulation of non-military coercive measures during the process of amicable settlement of disputes, or countermeasures. On this subject, he has published many journal articles and chapters, including ‘Legal Nature of Non-forcible Unilateral Measures by Third States in Case of Grave Violation of Human Rights: Critical Analysis on the Doctrine of “Third-party Countermeasures,”’ in: Y. Iwasawa, K. Morikawa, T. Mori, and Y. Nishimura (eds.), Dynamics of International Law: In Memory of Professor Akira kotera (Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 2019), pp. 131–164 [in Japanese] and ‘Chapter 81 Procedural Conditions of Countermeasures’, in: J. Crawford, A. Pellet, S. Olleson and K. Parlet (eds.), The Law of International Responsibility (New York, Oxford University Press, 2010), pp. 1149–1156 (in collaboration with Yuji Iwasawa).

Atsuko Kanehara

is Professor of Public International Law at Sophia University, President of the Japanese Society of International Law. She was an advocate for the Government of Japan in “Southern Bluefin Tuna” Cases, and a counsel for the Government of Japan in “Whaling in the Antarctic” Case. She is also serving as Councilor of the Sasakawa Peace Foundation. She is a member of the Governing Board of imo International Maritime Law Institute, and Visiting Lecturer at the Institute (2007–2011, 2018-present). She delivered a course of lectures at the Hague Academy of International Law, and her article based upon them was published in the Recueil des cours, Volume 399 (2019).

Stuart Kaye

is Director and Distinguished Professor of Law within the Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ancors) at the University of Wollongong. He is a former Dean and Winthrop Professor of Law at the University of Western Australia and held a Chair in Law at the University of Melbourne from 2006 to 2010. He was Dean and Professor of Law at the University of Wollongong between 2002 and 2006. He holds degrees in arts and law from the University of Sydney, winning the Law Graduates’ Association Medal, and a doctorate in law from Dalhousie University. He is admitted as a barrister of the Supreme Courts of New South Wales, Tasmania and Queensland.

Tomofumi Kitamura

is an associate professor of international law at the University of Tokyo (Japan). Before taking up the current position in April 2016, he was an associate professor at the Tokyo Metropolitan University (Japan) (2011–2016). He received his bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees from the University of Tokyo. His areas of research include international trade law, law of treaties, state responsibility, and international dispute settlement.

James Kraska

is Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Maritime Law and Chair of the Stockton Center for International Law at the U.S. Naval War College and Visiting Professor of Law and John Harvey Gregory Lecturer on World Organization at Harvard Law School. He has served as Visiting Professor of Law at the College of Law, University of the Philippines, and Visiting Professor of Law at Gujarat National Law University. He previously was Mary Derrickson McCurdy Visiting Scholar at Duke University Marine Laboratory and Chief of Naval Research Fellow at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He has published numerous books and scholarly articles and is General Editor of International Law Studies and Editor-in-Chief of the treatise, Benedict on Admiralty: International Maritime Law. He is also a Visiting Professor at University of Reading School of Law and a Permanent Member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Professor Kraska served as a U.S. Navy officer and lawyer, with multiple tours of duty in Japan and the Pentagon.

Masahiro Kurosaki

is an Associate Professor of International Law and the Director of the Study of Law, Security and Military Operations at the National Defense Academy of Japan. He has published a range of articles and book chapters on the law of international security, the law of armed conflict, international criminal law, and Japanese security laws, which include: “Towards the Special Computer Law of Targeting: ‘Fully Autonomous’ Weapons Systems and the Proportionality Test,” in Claus Kreß and Robert Lawless (eds.), Necessity and Proportionality in International Peace and Security Law (Oxford University Press, 2021); Strengthening the U.S.-Japan Alliance: Pathways for Bridging Law and Policy (Columbia Law School, 2020)(co-edited with Nobuhisa Ishizuka and Matthew C. Waxman); “The Fight against Impunity for Core International Crimes: Reflections on the Contribution of Networked Experts to a Regime of Aggravated State Responsibility,” in Holly Cullen, Joanna Harrington, and Catherine Renshaw (eds.), Experts, Networks and International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2017).

David Letts

holds academic appointments at the Australian National University, Canberra and the Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong. Prior to pursuing his academic career, David enjoyed more than thirty years of full-time service in the Royal Australian Navy. He regularly teaches and writes on the law of the sea and maritime security topics, as well as assisting a number of United Nations and non-governmental agencies with law of the sea dissemination activities.

Michael W. Lodge

has been the Secretary-General of the International Seabed Authority since 2017. He is a British national. He received his law degree from the University of East Anglia, UK, and has an MSc in marine policy from the London School of Economics and Political Science. He is a barrister of Gray’s Inn, London. With more than 30 years of experience, Michael Lodge has a strong background in the field of law of the sea as well as ten years’ judicial experience in the UK and South Pacific. He spent many years living and working in the South Pacific and was one of the lead negotiators for the South Pacific Island States of the 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement. Mr Lodge has published and lectured extensively on the international law of the sea, with over 35 published books and articles on law of the sea, oceans policy and related issues.

Ronán Long

is the Director of the wmu-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute at the World Maritime University (wmu) in Malmö, Sweden, and the Nippon Foundation Professorial Chair in Ocean Governance and the Law of the Sea. He is the author/co-editor of 12 books and over 300 scholarly contributions on oceans law and policy. He read for his PhD at the School of Law Trinity College Dublin, he has been a Senior Visiting Scholar-in-Residence at the University of California, Berkeley, and a Visiting Scholar at the ‘Centre for Oceans Law and Policy’ at the University of Virginia. Additionally, Professor Long teaches on the Law of the Sea programme at Harvard Law School. Prior to his academic career, he was a permanent staff member at the European Commission and undertook over 40 missions on behalf of the European Institutions to the Member States of the European Union, the United States of America, Canada, Central America as well as to African countries. His research interests are focused on regulatory and governance arrangements pertaining to new technologies, marine biodiversity, the law of climate change, as well as human rights. He writes and advocates on the interests and needs of the Global-South in ocean affairs and with view to supporting a rules-based international order.

Joanna Mossop

is an Associate Professor in the Law Faculty at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Her research interests lie in the law of the sea, and she has published on a number of topics including: maritime security, marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction, dispute settlement and the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. She has provided advice and training to the New Zealand government and is an observer on the New Zealand delegation to the international negotiations for the bbnj Treaty. In 2016 the New Zealand government nominated her to the list of arbitrators and conciliators under Annexes v and vii of unclos. She is on the board of several journals including Marine Policy; she is a member of the iucn Commission on Environmental Law and a co-chair of the Oceans and International Environmental Law Interest Group of the Australia New Zealand Society of International Law.

Myron H. Nordquist

is currently the Distinguished Fellow at the Stockton Center for International Law at the U.S. Naval War College. He is the former Associate Director of the Center for Oceans Law and Policy at the University of Virginia School of Law. Professor Nordquist has edited more than 60 books, mostly on law of the sea topics. He is Editor-in-Chief of the eight-volume set titled UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary sponsored by the Virginia Center. He has authored and delivered uncounted academic presentations as well as numerous scholarly articles on oceans law, national security law and international law.

Hironobu Sakai

is Professor of International Law at Graduate School of Law, Kyoto University, and Dean of Kyoto University Law School. He holds ll.m. in 1989 from Kyoto University. His recent publications in English include: “La bonne administration de la justice in the Incidental Proceedings of the International Court of Justice,” Japanese Yearbook of International Law, Vol.55 (2012), pp. 110–133, “New Relationship between the United Nations and Regional Organizations in Peace and Security: A Case of the African Union,” in S. Hamamoto, H. Sakai & A. Shibata (eds.), “L’être situé,” Effectiveness and Purposes of International Law, Essays in Honour of Professor Ryuichi Ida (Brill, 2015), pp. 165–189, “After the Whaling in the Antarctic Judgment: Its Lessons and Prospects from a Japanese Perspective,” in M. Fitzmaurice & D. Tamada (eds.), Whaling in the Antarctic: Significance and Implications of the icj Judgment (Brill, 2016), pp. 308–345.

Clive Schofield

is Professor and Head of Research, wmu-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University (wmu), Malmö, Sweden and Professor, Australian Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ancors), University of Wollongong, Australia. He holds a PhD in Geography (Durham) and an llm in International Law (ubc). His research relates to international maritime boundaries, boundary dispute resolution, ocean governance and technical aspects of the law of the sea, resulting in over 200 publications. Clive is an Observer on the Advisory Board on the Law of the Sea (ablos) and a Member of the ila Committee on International Law and Sea Level Rise.

Karen N. Scott

is a Professor of Law at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, President of the Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law (anzsil) and Editor-in-Chief of Ocean Development and International Law (odil). Karen is on the board of seven journals including the Brill Research Perspectives on the Law of the Sea and the Australian Yearbook of International Law. She researches and teaches in the areas of public international law, law of the sea and international environmental law. Karen has published over 70 edited books, journal articles and book chapters in these areas.

Aleke Stöfen-O’Brien

is Associate Research Officer at the wmu-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University in Malmö, Sweden. Prior to joining wmu, Aleke worked at the Federal Environment Agency of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (cbd), Montréal, Canada, the European Commission, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (unitar) as well as the who/Europe representation to the EU working on aspects such as marine environmental protection, marine litter, aquaculture, sub-seabed co2 capture and storage, capacity-building and broader aspects of international and European law. Aleke co-convened Chapter 12 on Marine Litter of the Second World Ocean Assessment which was published in summer 2021 and she was nominated by the Nippon Foundation to contribute to the development of The Economist Plastics Management Index which was published in October 2021.

Zhen Sun

is a Research Officer at the wmu-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University in Malmö, Sweden. She is the Co-Principal Investigator on multiple research and capacity building programmes. Her main research interests include the law of the sea, regulation of international shipping, gender equality, ocean governance and the protection of the marine environment. Prior to joining wmu, Zhen was a Research Fellow at the Centre for International Law, National University of Singapore. Zhen received her law degrees from Hainan University, China University of Political Science and Law, the University of Edinburgh and the University of Cambridge.

Dai Tamada

is Professor of International Law at Graduate School of Law, Kyoto University. He holds M.A. (Kyoto University 2000) and Ph.D. (Kyoto University 2014). His research areas cover international dispute settlement, international investment law, the law of treaties, and the law of the sea. He has been committee member in several Government organs, including Ministry of Foreign Affairs (mofa), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (meti), and Ministry of Justice (moj) of Japan. His recent publications include Malgosia Fitzmaurice and Dai Tamada (eds.), Whaling in the Antarctic: Significance and Implications of the icj Judgment (Brill/Nijhoff, 2016), and Dai Tamada and Keyuan Zou (eds.), Implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: State Practice of China and Japan (Springer, April 2021).

Kentaro Wani

llb (Sophia University, 1999), ma (the University of Tokyo, 2001), PhD (the University of Tokyo, 2007), is Associate Professor of Public International Law at Osaka University, Japan (since October 2010). From 2007 to 2010 he was Assistant Professor of Public International Law at the University of Tokyo. He maintains a special interest in the law of armed conflict; the use of force in international law; the law of the sea; and the history of international law. His principal publications include Neutrality in International Law: From the Sixteenth Century to 1945 (Routledge, 2017); “Development of the Law of the Sea and the Legal Status of International Straits in Time of International Armed Conflict,” Japanese Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 61 (2019); and “The Status of Rebels in Non-International Armed Conflict: Do They Have the Right to Life?,” in Karen N. Scott, Kathleen Claussen, Charles-Emmanuel Côté, and Atsuko Kanehara, eds., Changing Actors in International Law (Brill, 2020). He has won the 43rd Adachi Mineichiro Memorial Award (Adachi Mineichiro Memorial Foundation) in 2010 for his work on the law of neutrality.

Rüdiger Wolfrum

is a Professor for National Public Law and International Public Law at the Law Faculties of the Universities of Mainz (1982), Kiel (1982–1993) and Heidelberg (1993–2012); Director at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Heidelberg (1993–2012); 2013- 2020 Managing Director of the Max Planck Foundation for International Peace and the Rule of Law. Membre de l’Institut de Droit International (since 2007); Manley O. Hudson Medal, American Society of International Law, 2020. Judge at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (1996- 2017); President (2005–2008); member or chair at several arbitral tribunals and conciliator at a conciliation commission. He has numerous publications on general international law, United Nations law, human rights, the law of the sea, international trade law, environmental law and on international dispute settlement. He also has publications on national and comparative public law, in particular constitutional law.

Shunji Yanai

is a Judge of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (President 2011–2014); and Board Director, Japan Investment Advisor Co., Ltd. After having studied law at the University of Tokyo, he joined the Japanese Foreign Service in 1961 and held various positions including Consul General in San Francisco, Legal Advisor to the Foreign Minister, Executive Secretary of the Prime Minister’s pko Office, Director-General of the Foreign Policy Bureau, Deputy-Foreign Minister, Vice-Foreign Minister and Ambassador to the United States. Following retirement from the Foreign Service, Professor of Law until 2007 at Waseda University and Chuo University in Tokyo; Board Director, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation until 2012; and the Chairman of the Advisory Panel on Reconstruction of the Legal Basis for Security until 2014.

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