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Walter Feldman
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Index

Entries are presented in alphabetical order: diacritical signs have no influence upon the position. Ü, ö, and ä are treated like u, o and a; the ı is treated like i, ş like s, ç like c, etc. Musicians who appear in one source but are otherwise unknown do not appear in the index.

Abbasid era 314
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (Abdülkadirzade) 111
Abdal Khan 45, 84, 287
Abdülahad Nuri (Halveti Şeyh) 94
Abdülali (Hoca-i Sani, “Second Teacher”) 45, 332, 421
Abdülaziz (Ottoman Sultan, r. 1861–1876) 5
Abdülbaki Nasır Dede 21, 26, 64, 85, 89, 135, 207, 210, 215, 233, 255, 260, 266n4, 306, 309, 341
general scale according to 217
Abdülhamid I (r. 1774–1789) 97
Abdullah Buhari 170
Abdullah Efendi 162
Abdülmecid (r. 1839–1861) 5, 161
accidental 26, 199, 358
accompaniment 33, 87, 90, 104, 130, 135, 172, 287–288, 491
rhythm 130
Turkish concept of 288
Acemane 45, 485, 487
Acemi 45, 58, 246, 272, 275, 333, 348, 421n4, 435, 437, 460
“Acemler” 59, 264n2, 303n18, 332–333, 348, 414, 484, 487n1 musicians
Persian 333, 414
Adana 471
Adrianople (Edirne) 44
ağa 57
ağaz 235, 268, 300
ağaze 196, 233, 240, 243–244, 246–247, 252, 258, 260, 262, 267–270, 301, 355, 389, 392, 408
ağaze-i külliye 268
ağaze-i mahsusa 268
ağır (versions) 343
ağır semai 179, 182, 343, 363
Aheni Çelebi 72
Ahizade 16n2, 21
Ahmed (Şehzade) (r. 1494–1512) 57
Ahmed I (r. 1603–1617) 16, 23, 95
Ahmed III (r.1703–1730) 23, 54, 67, 72, 97, 205n6
Ahmed Ağa (Musahib Seyyid, Vardakosta) 67, 72, 131, 256, 419n3
Nihavend peşrevi by 419n3
Ahmed Bey, Küçük 435–437
Ahmed bin Şukrullah 100, 282
Ahmed Çelebi (Diyarbekirli) 71
Ahmed Çelebi (Edirneli, Zurnazen) 405, 444–445, 457
Beyati, semai-i 405
Saba hafif perşev 444
Ahmed Çelebi (Kemani) 124, 287
“Air Arabe” 25, 444–445
“Air de Cantemir” 25, 444, 448–449
Aka Gündüz Kutbay. see Kutbay 91–92
Aleppo 24, 44–45, 163, 283
Alevi 184–185, 452n1
ayin 184
ceremonies 185
ritual 184
rural order 185
Ali Ağa 300
ʿAlī al-Darwīsh 222
Ali Beg el-Santuri 158 see Ali Ufki Bey 17, 60, 83, 237, 327
Ali Çelebi, Küçük
Ali Hoca 186, 246–247, 265, 299, 334, 366, 371, 378–379, 397, 414
peşrev Irak devr-i kebir 321
peşrev Neva devr-i kebir 265, 397
Ali Nutki Dede 90
“Ali Qämbär” 453
Ali Şirügani 41, 379
Ali Sultan 66
Ali Ufki Bey 17, 60, 83, 237, 327. Bobowski 17
Allaettin Yavaşça. Yavaşça 45
alteration 161, 165, 240, 243, 261n1, 297–297, 299, 335, 378, 414, 443, 478, 491
rapid note 161
single note 165
amal genre 33
Amasya 48, 57, 65–66, 105, 111, 142
amateurs 5, 35, 38, 74, 84, 172, 491
ambitus 240, 244, 249, 251, 258, 260, 262, 265–266, 337, 362, 374, 383, 386–387, 407–408, 415, 426, 429, 437, 458, 461
of makam Evç 240
of makam Irak 263
of makam Neva 458
amir xv
Anatolia 11n8, 16, 19n6, 30–31, 44–46, 48, 65, 70–71, 74, 79, 87, 93, 96, 99, 103–104, 108, 111, 113, 132, 142–143, 145, 168, 170, 227, 249, 315, 404, 409, 421, 452, 471, 481–482, 484
central 96, 249, 409, 482
modern folk music 404
eastern 404, 471
modern folk music 404
folk music 208
folk usage of 227
medieval 315
Muslim 56
pre-Ottoman 11, 44
southeast 30, 44, 93, 472
southern 31
western 474
Anatolian 11, 16, 39, 44, 46, 48, 58, 97, 111n3, 113, 127, 132, 146–147, 151, 168, 170, 174, 184, 404, 452, 470–472, 482–483
art music tradition 6, 11, 173, 281
cities 44, 46, 48, 66, 472
folk music 404
popular affection 184
rulers, pre-Ottoman 11, 44, 56, 97, 104, 481
rural style 39
Safavids 452
Sufi ritual 452
Turkish culture 81
Turkish folk music 249
Turkish literature 143
Turkish musical tradition 36
Turkish society, Ottoman 11, 56
Turkish society, pre-Ottoman 11, 56
Turks 116, 481
Angelos (Tanburi) 64, 70, 381, 399
berefşan peşrev 392
Kürdi berefşan peşrev 449
Rehavi çenber peşrev 415
Rehavî devr- i kebir peşrev 323
anthology 177
antiquity 101, 157, 163, 250, 354, 420, 476
classical 277
mythical 420
aqaz 268
Arab 44, 46, 53, 79, 93, 100, 151, 197, 221–224, 241, 259, 278, 279n5, 281, 283, 289, 293, 314, 452, 455, 470
cities 46
countries 151, 197, 222, 259, 267n4, 278, 283, 289
countries, eastern 314
Islam, older centers of 79
musical zone 346
world 79, 293
Arabia 111
Arabian music 2, 201, 221, 258
medieval 498
modern 279
modern, studies of 279
urban 276
Arabic 4, 21, 47, 64n15, 82, 112, 157, 177–178, 180, 197–199, 201, 221–222, 259, 265–266, 278, 280, 282, 294, 302, 317, 329, 348, 422, 453, 456
alphabet 422
music, pre-Islamic 30
origin, name of 104
speaking areas 317
texts 292
verse 157
Arabo-Turkish taqsīm/taksim 293
Arabs 108, 198, 482, 484
Arapzade 417, 422
archaism 383
Arel, Sadettin 9, 212, 222
Arel-Ezgi system 220
aristocracy 13, 52–53, 55–56, 79, 97–97
bureaucratic 97
mercantile 97
Ottoman 53
aristocrat 491
aristocratic amateurs 5
aristocratic households 13
Armenian 13, 21, 23, 40, 85, 199, 272, 471
musicians 21
society 23
Armeno-Turkish 23
Armory 72
Aron Hamon (Yahudi Harun) 40, 42, 322
art music 4–11, 13–14, 29, 44–46, 50–51, 53–56, 66, 74–75, 78, 85–86, 88, 92–94, 96–98, 125, 128, 131, 143, 143, 153, 158, 173, 180, 208, 212–213, 227, 249, 279, 281–282, 289, 296, 401, 452, 482, 486–488, 491–493
of the Timurid courts 105
secular 13, 46, 55–56, 74–75, 87, 92–93, 282, 482, 491–492
urban 227
art-musical event, public 190
artisan 76
artisanal groups 76
asğar-i sağir 341
aşık 103, 451
rural 103
urban 103
askeri 46, 51, 87
asma karar 258, 260, 268, 270, 377
astrological language, medieval 86
astrology 86
Ata Bey, Tayyarzade 73, 38n10
ʿataba 283
“Atrabü’l-Asar” 22, 39–44, 67, 72, 75–76, 89, 94, 310. see Esʿad Efendi 39, 44
audience 6, 190, 275, 302, 485, 492
avaz, modern Persian vocal 292
vocal 292, 486
aviza 317, 320, 330
avvad 111
Avvad Mehemmed Ağa 130
awfar 453
“Axe-bearer” 70
Aya Sofya mosque 60, 67
ayaklı keman 125, 127
ayin, Mevlevi
compositional structure earliest notated 78, 187
in makam Beyati 41
in makam Çargah 196
in makam Dügah 226, 241, 252
in makam Ferahfeza 86
in makam Hicaz 209, 213–214, 217, 251
in makam Hüseyni 227
in makam Pençgah 270, 275–276, 456, 477
in makam Rast 235–236, 270, 273, 304, 351
in makam Segah 90, 240
in makam Suzidilara 89
in makam Uşşak 212, 214, 254
notated documents of 189
opening promenade of 90
structure of the xxiii
vocal 188
ayinhan 104
Ayni 16, 80, 82–83, 87, 125, 143, 158, 162, 190
Ayntab 45, 71, 471–472
Azerbaijan 113, 132, 281–282, 316, 404, 409, 411, 471, 488n1
northern, modern folk music 404
Soviet 316
Azerbaijani 4, 49, 113, 116n4, 316
Azerbaijanian music, modern 178
Azeri 116
Azeri rud-i hani 114
Aziz Dede 86
bab el-saada ağası 47
Baba Mest 471, 475–476
Hüseyni, semai-i 473–474
Babur (Zabir al-Din, Sultan) 31, 319
“Babur-Nameh” 31, 33n6, 34–35, 319
Bactria 315
Baghdad 4n1, 44–45, 59, 93, 100, 145, 182, 198, 261, 278n1, 286, 399, 471–472, 482
conquest of 59
bağlama 65
Bahçesaray 46
bakiye 209, 214, 219, 223–224
bakiye diyezi 220
bakhshy 315
Balkan 44, 46, 93, 168
cities 44, 46
lands 44
provinces 47
Baluchistan 112
Banāʾī 34
barbat 108
barbut 167
Anatolian 168
bardasht 316
bards
epical 112, 132n8
professional 103
Turkic 113
bashraf
basic scale degrees 165, 195–199, 202, 207, 225–228, 231–233, 235, 239, 244, 246, 250, 262–263, 265, 269, 273–274, 298, 363
basit makams 221
bäyat 200
bayaz 19
Bayezid (Şehzade) (r. 1535–1561) 168
bazgui 317, 319–320, 330
beat 268, 324, 328, 334n5, 449–450, 469n7
bečar 168
Bedr-i Dilşad 282
Bektaşi
dervishes 451
order 481
rituals 90
sema 489
Bektaşiye 451, 481
Belgrade 153
bemol 208, 216, 218–219
bendir 102
Beñli Hasan 187
Beşiktaş district 59
beşlik 224
beste
in Mahur 64
in Rast 64
in terkib Sazkar 214, 235–236
beste-í kadimler 17, 38, 188
Beyazid II (r. 1481–1512) 87
Biblical psalms 18
Biblical tradition, figures of 82
biographical
dictionary 1, 22–23, 38n10, 39, 41, 142, 310
information 70
birinci beste 182
Birthday of the Prophet 94
Mevlid poem on the 102
Bitlis 4n1, 45, 84, 287, 472
de Blainville, Charles 125
“blended” terkib 256
Bobowski, Wojciech 17. Ali Ufki Bey 2, 60, 83, 327
Bobowski Collection, 263, 309, 311, 373, 416n1, 453, 458, 460–461, 463–465, 468, 476. see “Mecmua-i Saz ü Söz” 17
copies of the 170
Turc 292 19
bodily movement 102–103, 489
“Book of Travels” 12, 19. see “Seyahatname” 19, 38n10, 45, 59, 76, 84, 101, 287
Evliya Çelebí 101, 38n10, 59, 76, 101, 287
Bosnia 4n1, 103, 132, 168
Bosnians, Muslim 47
Bosphorus 59–60
Bostancı corps 71
bozuk
court woman with 169
“breast keman” 125
British consul 163
Brun, Corneille Le 172
buʿd 21
Buhurizade, Mustafa Itri 42, 69, 90, 95, 397
Bukhara 13, 33n6, 181, 316, 319, 400n3, 453
Bulgaria 56, 278
Buonanni, Filippo 155, 157
Burada, Todor 380
bureaucracies
government 51
Ottoman state 46
religious 51
secular 56
upper 97
bureaucratization
of music 67
of religious institution 74
Bursa 44, 94
büyük mücenneb 223
Büyük Oda 48
Byzantine rule 66
Byzantines 87
C major scale 207
cadence
final 241, 394, 396
modal 351
suspended 260, 270, 373, 376–377, 394
cadential
formula 335, 337, 354, 358, 370–371, 373, 376–377, 386, 393–394, 396, 401
formula, Ottoman 330
melody 465
phrases 212, 214, 248, 324, 330, 404, 406, 431, 437–438, 460, 466, 476
çagana 168
Cairo 5, 24, 44, 283
calligrapher 42–43
calligraphy 47, 98
Can, Halil 85–86, 92
Cantemir, Demetrius 20, 54. Kantemiroğlu, “Air de Cantemir” general scale according to 18
peşrevs of 379, 449, 462
Bestenigar berefşan 379, 415, 444, 449
Buselik-Aşirani berefşan 380, 389, 397, 415
Muhayyer muhammes 380, 392, 394
Nihavend devr-i kebir 253
Sazkar 214, 235–236, 257, 380
Sultani-Irak devr-i kebir 257
Zengüle devr-i kebir 381
Cantemir Collection 2, 207, 237–238, 252, 263, 276, 298, 309, 318, 322, 331–332, 338, 341, 344, 358, 363, 371, 373, 378, 380–381, 387, 389, 392, 398, 409, 413–416, 421, 434, 438, 453n3, 455, 463, 465, 468, 470, 477
Cantemir Treatise 12, 21–23, 89, 146, 179, 209, 225, 232, 248, 261n1, 273, 285, 300, 338, 355, 447, 484, 488. “Kitabu İlmu’l Musiki ala Vechi’l-Hurufat” 21
cantor, professional 97
çäpbäyät 200
cariye 63–64
çarpare 103, 130
Çarşeb Mustafa Ağa 39, 170
çarta 43, 140, 144–145, 167–168, 174
çartar 43
Çartari Murad 59
castanets, wooden 103
categories of makam music 12, 56, 66, 96, 119, 132, 153, 161, 167–168, 172, 175, 191, 276, 421
Caucasus 398
cavalry, semi-feudal 71
çavuşan 68
Çelebiko 18n5, 40, 458
celebratory music 103
Celveti
dervish 20, 60
order 60
tarikat 83
Celveti Şeyh Mahmud Aziz Hudayi 95
Cem, (Ottoman Prince) 87
“Cemaat-i mutriban” 87
Cemal-i Halveti 114
Cemil Bey (Tanburi) 5, 128, 311, 490
çeng
construction of the 122
cultural associations of the 117, 119
decline of the 133
European form 153
Persian 153
player 105
player, male 166
player, Turkish 118
Turkish 118
çengi (female) 118
Çengi Ahmed 152
Çengi Behram 57
Çengi Cafer 43, 59, 152, 333
Çengi Hasan 66
Çengi İbrahim 43, 152
Çengi İbrahim Ağa 152
Çengî Mustafa 43, 152
Çengi Nimetullah 65
Çengi Yusuf Dede 16n2, 17, 43, 151, 233
“Çenginame” 118
“Çengname” (Ahmed-i Dai) 100, 119, 122, 143
Çenkçi Cafer 399, 414
Central Asia
modern 112
southern 4
southern, Timurid 39
Central Asian
authors 319
cities 316
courts 105
instruments, medieval 158
origin 99
Turkic music 453, 482
Turks 200
ceremonial music 12
certim yoli 316, 452n2
çeşte 168
Cevri (İbrahim Çelebi) 300
Chaghatay 31n3, 32n4, 36, 108
divan 36
literature 435
change
diachronic musical 425
in courtly music 49
in instrumentation 99, 101, 101
in Sufi practice 79
intonational 219
musical 14
note- 448
“Chanson Turque” 25, 444–445, 447
chief of the divan 72
Chinese 99, 162, 176n1, 314
chorus of zakirs 103
Christian
areas 48
Orthodox ix
traditions 83
Christian-born youths
çingene 117n6, 118
cins (genus, jins) 224
citterns 172
classes, social
educated 170
elite military 47
higher, ruling 97
upper 35
urban 103
urban, lower 128
Classical Age 50n12, 51, 53, 56, 489
classification, chronological 2
clergy 13, 24, 47, 49, 74–75
closing phrases 293
coda 350
“Codex Vindobonensis” 116, 122–123, 158
çögür 77, 155, 167–168, 170, 172
player 155
collections
of fasıl lyrics 42
important mecmua 19, 252, 332
lyric 237
notated 2, 17, 22, 89, 186, 323, 327, 412, 469, 481
Ottoman mecmua 177
repertoire 2, 235. mecmua 18
Turkish notated 17
comma 211–215, 220, 223–224
common songs 168, 170
composed forms
Iranian 181
Turkish 181
composer
free local 1
instrumental 3, 38, 40
Jewish 41, 322
non-Muslim 40
of courtly music 89
of the fasıl 41
Ottoman 45, 163
secular 88
Turkish 181
vocal 41
woman 63
composition
by unknown composers 188
classical 244
conception of 354
cycle 318
fasıl 42, 75
in Persian language 16
in Turkish language 17, 178, 180, 182
instrumental 41, 298, 311, 315–316, 319, 330, 412, 451
instrumental, process of 412
metrical 78, 282, 301
Mevlevi 16, 94
most elaborate 89
new versions of 415
Ottoman musical 92
“parallel” or “imitative” 3. nazire 419
pseudographic 379, 419–420, 443
secular 95, 487
secular fasıl 42
Sufi 18
three-part 465
unmeasured 95
vocal 40
vocal, documented 412
vocal, fasıl 18, 23, 76, 92, 185, 189
compositional
feature, ancient 38, 188, 378
genres, courtly 62, 88
genres, Sufi 38, 80
practice 263
principles 2, 488
structures 332n3, 378
style, Ottoman 488
technique 231, 322, 360, 368, 370, 373, 278, 288, 460, 464–465
compositional form
large-scale 455, 464
medieval 178
most complex 92
Ottoman 188
compound
makam 64, 196, 231, 235, 241, 254, 280, 296, 298, 486
modal structure 319
compound forms 240
concept of musical hierarchy 221
theoretical 221
conception of music 83
secular 81
Sufi 81
conception of musiki, Ottoman 12
conceptualization of music in words 8
concert-cycle 177, 180
instrumental 301
concert-suite 29, 33, 176n1
“Concerto turco nominado izia semaisi” 25
conservatories 277
consonance 284–285, 296, 305
Constantinople
conqueror of 87
Conquest of 44, 87, 481
Constantinopolitan
contexts
cultural 162
musical 282, 321
secular 3, 119
social 163, 178, 289, 486
Sufi
Corci (Yorgi, Kemani) 128, 422
cosmology of music, medieval Islamic 80
costume
Mevlevi 134
Persian 158
secular 137
couplet (beyt)
final 82, 261, 434
court
culture 53
document 1, 37
ensemble 58, 101, 104
Herati 29, 33–35
interpreter 69
Iranian 133
medieval Muslim 66
medieval Near Eastern 30
Ottoman 1, 19–20, 29, 31, 57–58, 60, 94, 96, 100–101, 104, 108, 123, 125, 127, 291–292
Turco-Muslim, earlier 291
Turkish 29
Muslim 30
musicians 60
orchestra 25
provincial 48, 65
record 20, 47, 62, 153
singer 19
Timurid 32, 36, 105
Transoxanian 181
woman 170, 173
court music 1, 12–13, 30, 35n9, 36, 87, 123, 128, 174, 189, 283, 484
instrumental 189
Ottoman 36, 87, 123, 283, 484
repertoire 90
Covel, John 25, 88, 107, 135, 154
creation of music, myth of 82
Crimea 4n1, 17, 18n5, 72, 88, 97, 173, 363n5
Crimean khans 46. Tatar 17
Crimean ruler 37–38, 73, 421
Croatia 103, 168
culture 6, 11n8, 29, 38, 48, 50, 52, 54, 73, 79, 98, 316, 420
religious 13, 48, 56, 96, 290
secular 13
Sufi 53
cumhur 41
cycle
four to five part 177
instrumental 184
Ottoman 309
cyclical
concert form 78
concert formats, developed 1, 78, 178
format 78, 95, 176–178
genre 33
principle 92
cyclicity 176, 178–179, 181, 187, 318, 486
cymbalom 157
portable 161
cymbals 102
dāʾira 178
daire 65, 88, 102–103, 267, 269, 287
dairezens 88
Damascene 25, 73
Damascus 39, 44, 93, 138
dance
indoor 103
masked 152
ritual 492
round- 316
sacred 483
dance music
indoor 173
modern Mongolian 454
outdoor 173
Tuvan 454
dance-tunes 276, 444
dancer/s 63, 68, 103, 117–118, 130, 158, 447
male 158
professional woman
dancing
boys 33, 77, 489
girls 65
women 117
women, professional 103, 117
“Danse Grecque” 25, 444
Danubian Principalities 4n1, 166. Moldavia, Wallachia, Romania 46
dār al-saʿāda ağası 47
dar-saqi 181
daramad 258–259, 410–411
darbayn 180
Darülelhan 222
Darülelhan Külliyati 400n2
Darvish Ali 33, 180, 312, 317, 319–320, 330, 343, 400n3, 420
Darvish Khan 410
Daryal, Vecihe 157
dastgah
Abu Ata 411
Afshari 405
Azerbaijanian 178, 288
Bayat-e Kord 259
Çargah 200
Chakargah 200
Dugah 200
Esfahan 411
Homayun 211, 217
modern Persian 178, 211, 251, 261
Rast-Panjgah 258–259
Segah 211
Shur 211, 218, 403
system 178, 208, 258–259
system, modern 200
Daul İsmail Efendi 20
davul drummers 471
defterdar 72
defter 68
degrees
neutral scale 208
second scale 210, 212–214
second scale, neutral 208
Della Valle, Pietro 25, 88, 163, 166
demkeş 92
Derviş Mahmud bin Abdülkadirzade 65–66, 105, 111
Derviş Ömer. see Ömer Gülşeni 67, 70, 84, 93–94
Derviş Osman 89, 133, 414
Derviş Receb 414
Derviş Süleyman 133, 389, 393
dervish
genres 1, 41, 62, 94
instrument 82
lodges 6
music 6
musician 19
neyzen 17, 43
order 6, 55
origin 102
ritual 95
sema ritual, earlier 9, 90
tekke 41
vocal genres 41
whirling 483
zakir 379
zikr 287
devr 336
devr-i kebir peşrev 321, 387
devşirme 47–49, 51n12, 55–58, 60, 63, 70, 72, 75, 96, 111, 122, 285
boys 111
deyiş 170
dik 209, 213, 219–220
Dikmen, Halil 80, 86
Dilhayat Hanım 63
“dissonant” leaps 428, 434
divan 36, 72, 78, 111, 135, 163, 173, 286, 303, 319, 329
Divan, Imperial 163
divan efendisi 72
Divine Names, chanting and breathing 102
Divine service 83
Diyarbekir 4n1, 44–46, 71, 471–472
documents
court 1, 48, 68, 76, 101
financial 20
notated 14, 43, 189, 245, 252, 263, 273, 321, 457
of Iranian instrumental music 484
of the ayin 78, 189
Ottoman notated 108, 315
semai 482
Turkish 131
Doğancı Odası (Falconry chamber) 48
Doğani Ahmed Dede 134
dombira 315
dombra 200
Donado, Gio. Battista 25
dörtlük 224
double-reed oboe 65, 315. zurna 65
drinking parties 117
drone 179, 183–184, 288, 295
drum
beat, accents of 450
mnemonics 453
strokes 340
Drummond, Alexander 163
dügah 139, 188–189, 195–198, 205, 208–212, 214–216, 225–229, 235, 237–238, 241–243, 245–246, 248, 251–252, 254, 258, 261–262, 272–275, 298–299, 304, 355, 361, 364, 377, 426, 428
“Dügah-Hüseyni” 331, 355, 458
dulcimer 154, 157, 159, 422. santür
player 159
dumbelek 82, 103
durak 12, 41, 93, 95, 102, 282, 284, 488
dutar 141–142, 201, 315
maąom 453
Turkmenian 201
East European 131–132
East Turkestan 112
east Mediterranean 279
Ebu-Bekir Ağa 19
ebyat 287
eçem 200
“echelle generale” 195
ecstasy, musical 279
ecstaticism 80
eda-i Türkmenani 39
education
musical 12, 35, 48, 70, 92, 163
religious higher 49
eflak 133
Eflatun (Plato) 482
Egypt 7, 11n8, 13, 31, 74, 140, 157, 174–175, 197–198, 222, 278–279, 283, 289–290, 293, 315, 490
Egyptian
musical practice 267n4
Emin Dede (Yazıcı) 86
teslim of Beyati peşrev 213
Emir-i Hac
“Hünkar Peşrevi” in makam Irak by 423
Emirgun 59, 69, 144
enderun 68, 73, 154, 321
Enderunlu Hüseyin Fazil Bey 118
endings 330, 345, 350, 370, 377, 391
Enfi Hasan Ağa 70–71
ensemble
courtly 58, 101, 104, 106, 130, 143, 166, 484
courtly, Ottoman 106, 125, 128, 134, 151, 161, 168
entertainment 104, 166
fasıl 92, 140–141, 157, 159
female of the harem 157
five-woman 65
instrumental 104, 182, 493
makam 128, 133, 162
mehter 72, 315, 359, 445
mehter, unofficial 77
mehter, urban 445
military mehter 72, 315, 328
new instrumental 37, 104
Ottoman 125, 128, 151, 161
Ottoman, fasıl 177
performance 32
popular 174
Safavid instrumental 162
Safavid musical 143, 292
secular 89
entertainment 7, 63, 104, 127, 130, 166
music 7
Erivan 59, 69, 144, 154
d’Erlanger, Baron 221–222, 224, 279
Ermeni Murad 40, 324, 414
peşrev in Kürdi, darbeyn by 324
erotic dance 118
erotic music 62
Erzurum 45, 471
Esʿad Eſendi 17, 22–23, 39–45, 47, 59, 62, 69–70, 72, 75, 88, 90, 94–95, 145, 151, 233, 248, 310, 400, 468, 472, 485. “Atrabü’l Asar” yürük saz semaisi in Nühüft
esirpazarı 70
eşraf 71
“Essai sur la musique orientate … 24. see Fonton, Charles 22, 24, 58, 89, 99n1, 183, 311, 379, 421, 444
etba 467
ethnomusicology, post-World War II 222
eunuch 47
Europe
medieval 122
South Eastern 103
European
travellers 25
writers 55
Turkicized 61
Evliya Çelebi 12, 18n5, 19, 29, 38n10, 39–40, 43–45, 48, 59–60, 62, 67–70, 73, 76–77, 84, 88, 93–94, 99n1, 101, 104, 130–31, 144, 151, 158, 162, 167, 177, 185, 287–288, 294, 300, 310, 359, 381, 472 “Seyahat-name” “Book of Travels” autobiographical anecdote of 60
career of 75, 84
Eyyüblü Mehmed (Tanburi Mehmed Çelebi)
Muhayyer peşrev, “Marġzar,” düyek 381
peşrev Evç, devr-i revan, peşrev in Arazbar, devr-i revan by 323–324, 408
peşrev in terkib Nühüft, usul darbeyn 469n7
ezan (adhan) 102
Ezgi, Subhi 19, 212, 222
Fahreddin Dede, Şeyh 86
al-Farabî 141, 208, 281, 314, 317, 452
Fars 113
fasıl
concert 179
courtly 12, 78, 92, 95, 158, 179, 187, 189, 191, 321, 445
in makam Hüseyni 359
instrumental 176, 183, 185, 187, 265, 295, 304–305, 309, 325, 486
lyric collections 237
of the instrumentalist 184
of the vocalist 301
Ottoman 177, 179–181, 318
Ottoman, structure of the 179
Ottoman court 290
performances 21, 40
secular 42
vocal 18, 64, 89, 92, 104, 176, 185, 189, 280, 304, 309–310
fasıl meclisi 140, 158
“fasıl-i Hüseyni” 177
‘fasıl-i Rast” 177
fasl-i hanende 180, 183, 185–186
fasl-i hanende vü sazende maan 183
fasl-i meclis 179, 190
fasl-i sazende
structure of 186
Ferruh 334, 387, 434–435
festivals 100
festivities
male 152
of royalty 119
public 76, 88
fetva 74
fiddle
“Anatolian” 127
“Greek”, “of Constantinople” 127
shaman’s 315
skin-faced 112
fifth
perfect 218
Filibe (Plovdiv) 39, 44, 93
final cadence 212, 241, 261n1, 383, 394, 396
final tones
hierarchy of 236
finalis 186, 195–198, 201, 203, 209, 211n9, 219, 222, 225–226, 228–229, 231–232, 235, 240, 242, 250, 254–256, 258, 260–262, 265, 267, 269–271, 273–275, 301, 304, 322, 336–337, 346–347, 350–351, 353–354, 371, 373–374, 376–377, 382–383, 401–402, 428, 437, 448
Firenk Mustafa 60
firudasht 177, 280
flute 31, 174, 185, 315
folk lutes 77, 168, 170
folk music 208, 227, 249, 409, 471, 487n1
folklore, recent 314
folksong 12, 249
Fonton, Charles 22, 89, 99, 183, 206n7, 311, 379, 421, 444. “Essai sur la musique …”
transcriptions of 444
formal structure 321, 333–335, 347, 400, 413, 415, 417, 438, 457
change in the 415
firudasht 177, 280
fourth 21, 82, 188–189, 195–199, 209, 218, 228–230, 241, 244, 328, 336, 338, 344, 350–351, 354, 358, 364, 366, 386, 390, 392–393, 402, 404, 406, 444–445, 454, 457, 464, 467, 474–475
frame-drums 102, 158
“Franks” 60, 185n3
French solfège terms 199
fretting
of Iranian setar 207
of modern Turkish tanbur 207, 209, 212, 278n1
of Ottoman tanbur 203–20
of tanbur khorasani 208
frets 122, 131, 141–142, 144, 195, 200–201, 203, 208, 211, 219, 314
Galata Serneyzen Ali. Serneyzen Ali 88
Galib, Şeyh 90
“gammes particulières” 195
gärdun 316
“gayr-i müste‘mele” 232, 234, 241n4, 299
gazel 82, 143, 158, 162, 181, 281–282, 286
musical 286n10
secular 288
gazel-han 286
Gazi Giray Han (r. 1554–1607) 37, 331, 363. Crimea, Crimean, Tatar
Gaziantep 471. see Ayntab 45, 471
“gazino” 128
geçki 296
gedikli 63
genres
ametrical 93
associated with military life 103
“classical” 180
composed 178, 282, 305–306, 489
composed, instrumental 3
concept of 488
courtly 33
folk dance 409
folkloric 227
instrumental 3
instrumental, modern 123, 147
instrumental, modern nomadic Turkic 315
Iranian vocal 181, 322, 328
medieval compositional 178, 401
metrical composed 282
“non-classical” 62, 176
non-cyclical 177
non-makam folk 276
non-metrical 36, 102, 279, 281–282, 285, 289–290, 295
non-metrical religious 289
non-metrical vocal 281–282
non-textual 412
Ottoman musical 309
Persian 59n14
popular song 401
rural 278
secular 43, 88
Sufi 79n1, 80, 452, 481
Turkish, secular 454
“Turkish” 283
Germiyan 16, 97, 119, 168
ghazal 177, 181, 280, 282, 286, 319
ghiççäk 31, 33–35, 105, 108
player 34
ghulam 34, 47, 36, 44, 47
Ghulam Şadi (“Gulam the Arabian”) 32, 34, 36, 106
gıda-yi ruh 143
girift 82, 138–139, 174
giriş 258
“great meter” 424–425, 469n7
“Great Semai” 455
Great Tradition, medieval 36
Greco-Roman antiquity 163
Greece 6, 7n6, 130, 278
Greek
church psaltes, islands 8, 492
lyra 123, 127–128, 130, 174–175
musicians 6
popular culture in Istanbul 128
princes, Constantinopolitan 46
tavern milieu 128
writings 22
güçlü 258
guitar, European 130
Gülcübaşızade Mehmed Eſendi 72
Gülşeni@
ritual 93
sheikh 70
tekke 93
Gülşeniye 93, 95
güreş 454
gushe 249, 255, 259, 262, 292, 294, 296, 486
Skahnaz 218
guyende 66, 76, 83
Gypsy
fiddler 128
lăutări 166
gypsy playing
classical 213
urban 213
Habsburg Imperial realm 168
Hacı Bektaş Veli 483
Hacı Kasım (Tanburi) 39, 414
Hafez
divan of 303
hafız 42, 69, 76, 90
Hafız Kömür 77
Hafız Kumral 95
Hafız Post 19, 42, 62, 69–70, 73, 95, 182, 237–238, 299, 310, 379
“Hafız Post Mecmüası” 42, 237–238
Hafız Tız 71
Hajji Aqa 211
Hakkı Dede 86
halal 119
halay melody 409
half-cycle 333–334, 336–337, 348, 350, 354, 368, 386–387, 450
“half notes” 195, 228–229, 402, 450, 453
half step 195, 216, 251
Halil Can. see Can, Halil 85–86, 92
Halil Dikmen. see Dikmen, Halil 80, 86
halile 102
Halveti
dervish music 379
order 13
sheikh 51n12, 114
tarikat 95
tekke 94
zaakir 38
Halveti Şeyh Abdülahad Nuri. see Abdülahad 94
Halveti Şeyh Niyazi-i Misri. see Niyazi 95
Halvetîye 93–95
lay members of the 95
Hamparsum (Baba Hamparsum Limonciyan)
documents 380, 419n3, 444
sources 220
hane 293, 297, 310n2, 312, 315, 322–324, 327–330, 334–335, 344, 346–348, 350–351, 353, 355, 357–360, 366, 368–369, 375, 377, 388, 392, 394–395, 397, 405, 408, 414, 431, 438, 448, 455, 457, 477, 483
hanende 39, 45, 68, 76, 135, 281
hanendebaşı 71, 76–77, 94
hanendelik 76, 260, 262–263, 267–268
ḥarām 119
hareket 196, 269–271, 277, 442
harem
archetypical instrument of the 117
celebration in the 65
entertainments 117
Imperial 118
Turkish 118
women 118, 155, 157
harmonic singing 454
harp 30, 65, 70, 82, 103, 117–119, 122, 131, 153–154. çeng
ancient near Eastern 117
ancient near Eastern, Persian descendant of 117
Celtic 122
Persian 82, 117
Turkish 153
wooden 122
Harutin (Tanburi) 2, 21, 23–24, 40, 85, 89, 140, 178, 197, 200, 205, 225, 232–233, 240, 244, 246–251, 255, 266n4, 272–276, 300, 451, 468, 485
Harutin Mandoli 413, 417
Has Oda (Privy Chamber) 48, 61, 163
Hasan, Zakir 379
Hasan Ağa 57, 70–71, 104, 111, 131
Hasan Can
peşrev in makam Hüseyni, usul düyek 359
Haşim Bey 22, 207, 213, 244, 255, 267n4, 276, 300
Hasselquist, Frederick 159
Hatib, Küçük 414
hatip 75
Hatipzade Osman Eſendi 303
havayi 318
Haydar bin Şah Kulu 105
Haydar Can 334
Hazine 48, 68, 214n11
Hasirizade 93
haznedar 72
heavenly bodies 221, 268, 301
Hebrew 40–42
temple, ancient 83
texts 321
hemistich (misra) 281, 304
herald 76, 369
Herat 29–31, 36, 39, 105–106, 108, 141
hereditary aristocracies 51
hierarchy, tonal 347
Hill, Aaron 172
Hindi 58, 333
“Hinduyan” 332–333, 414
hiss-i ünsiyet 284
“History of the Growth and Decay of the Ottoman Empire” 25, 234
Hızır Ağa (Kemani)
makam classification of 302
terminology of 178
Hızır bin Abdullah 199, 260, 266, 282
“Hodja Musicar” 332
hükm 242, 260, 262, 267–268, 271, 273, 275, 277, 377, 381
human body/instrument relationship 100
Hungary 103, 168
“hünkar imamı” 75
“Hünkar kulları” 57, 111
al-Husayni 198
Husein Bayqara 29, 31, 45, 105–106
Husein Udi 32
Hüseyin Baykara faslı 29
Iaşi 4n1, 166
Ibn ʿArabī, Muḥyī l-Dīn 79
Ibn al-ʿAṭṭār 25
İbrahim Çelebi Santuri 158
İbrahim (Grand Vizier) (Nevşehirli Damad) 22
içoğlan 46–47, 50n12, 59, 73
iconographic depictions 101
icra olunmak 294
ikinci beste 182
ikitelli 77
ilahi 12, 18–19, 41, 62, 75, 95, 102, 189, 401
ʿilm al-mūsīqā 117
ʿilmiyya 47, 52–53, 56, 74, 98. see ʿulamāʾ
illuminations
album 101
of instruments 104
Turkish 116
illustrations 100, 122, 124, 127, 147
musicological 100
imam 74–75
Imperial 44, 47, 49–51, 60, 67–70, 75, 103, 118, 127, 168, 283
İmam Kulu 105
İmam Yusuf 75
İmam-i Sultani İbrahim Efendi 75
imitation 35, 202, 333, 347, 355, 364, 371, 374, 386, 419
Imperial Chamber 163
Imperial Palace, description of the 60
improvisation
instrumental 180, 278, 490. see taksim 1
Iranian form of 292
melodic 176
national types of 291
Persian approaches to 292
Turkish approaches to 292
Turkish conception of 297
vocal 281, 286, 288
improvisatory forms 292
income 70, 73
“independent” makam 225, 228, 232–233
India 9, 23, 100, 111–112, 162
Muslim 100
“Indians” 37, 112, 251, 332, 414, 421. see Hindi, Hinduyan 414
Indic cultural zone 112
Ingres 170
inici 228, 258
inici makamlar 228
inici-çıkıcı 258
institution, musical
religious 74, 96
secular 74
instruction, musical 35, 47
instrument
Anatolian 174
bowed 106, 185
courtly 162
exotic 99
folk 172
Gypsy professional 168
international 99
Iranian 3
local 99
low-class 127
most ancient 114
non-Islamic 123
non-Mevlevi, secular 89, 139
of art music 93
of great antiquity 101
of Ottoman music 46
popular 103, 174
prohibiting of 93
sacred 185
Turkish urban 173
woman’s 174
instrumental 1–4, 11, 14, 17–21, 24–25, 30, 32–33, 36–41, 43, 60, 62, 64–65, 78, 83, 89–92, 96–97, 99, 104, 158, 162–163, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178–185, 187, 189–191, 265, 278, 280, 286–290, 294–295, 298–299, 301–302, 304–305, 309–319, 321, 325, 330, 332, 379–380, 397–398, 401, 411–412, 416, 420–421, 443–444, 451–454, 465, 481–482, 485–486, 488–493
genres 2
music 4, 11, 21, 41, 78, 83, 92, 96, 184–185, 287, 312, 314, 492
music, high status of 119
music, prohibition of 312
playing 91, 170, 172, 486, 491
instrumentalist, professional 73, 412, 456n4
Turkish 490
instrumentarium, Iranian 157
instrumentation
of courtly maqām music 31, 45, 48
of Ottoman music 123
intervallic
alternation 363
color 265
structure 208, 220, 239, 258–259, 265, 422
intervals
augmented 217
four comma 214
neutral 208, 219–220
neutral of 2.5 commas flat 214
Pythagorean 214
single-comma 26, 219
theory of 223
Turkish standard 2.5 commas 212
un-Western 445
intonation
Iranian 214
microtonal 276
modern Turkish system of 161
intonational aesthetics of Turkish music 214
intonational system, modern Turkish 210
intoxicant 82
īqāʿ 281
Iran
late medieval 2, 316
modern 211
western 33n6, 105, 108, 293, 486
Iranian
adaption 162
art music 208, 212
art music, modern 212
courts 105
cultural area 177
free musicians 14
genres, medieval 305, 328
instrumental music 3
masters 122, 154
musical culture 119, 181
musical culture, earlier 181
musical past 305
musical sphere 14, 55, 409
practice, modern 189
setar 207
Turks 452
Turks, East 452–453
Iranian music
authorities on 292
current practice 223
medieval 305
modern 214
Irano-Turkic area 104
Irano-Turkic tradition 104
Iraq 31–32, 33n6, 34, 44, 105, 198, 265, 278, 282, 313, 398
Iraqi elite, Ottomanized 278
Iraqi maqām 261, 279n5, 471
irha 215, 219
ırlayış 170
irony 486–487
İsak (Tanburi) 41–42, 127, 161, 166, 188, 309–311, 335, 380, 397, 413, 455, 491
Isawiyya 78
Isfandiyar 141
Islam
prior to 108
Islamic
art, medieval 80, 117, 315n3
culture 73, 114
culture, classical 314
holidays 102
law, experts in 49
Middle Ages 1
musical cultures 99, 141
musical forms 123
past 277
period 117
religion 102
states, earlier 47
World 4, 16, 123
World, eastern 123
İsmail Ağa 47, 70–71
İsmail Ağa, Kara 75
İsmail Dede Efendi 5, 76, 86, 90, 166, 304, 379, 488
İsmail Hakkı Bey 413
Istanbul
Allied occupation of 5
istihlal 281
istirahat 260, 268–270
istirahat kalmak 294
Italian
captive 61
influence 130
patron 65
traveller 163
Izafi 256
Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (Celaluddin)
divan of 303
Janissary 47, 163, 285, 489
Corps 5, 51, 111, 162–163
Jew 40, 162
Ottoman 7n6
jewelers’ guild 71
Jewish 13, 41, 83, 161, 322, 471
circles 42
musicians 13–14, 107
synagogue cantors 8
traditions 83
jins 21, 222–223. see cins 223
judge 74, 414
kadı 49, 74, 106
of Egypt 74
Kadiri 93, 95, 483
tarikat 95
Kadiʿasker (Kazasker) 74–75
Kadiri Sufi orders 93, 483
Kadızade Mehmed b. Mustafa 134
Kadızadeli movement 134
Kadri, Ama 38, 299
Kafa 72, 88. Crimea 72, 88
Kaftancı 71
kagıt-eminliği 72
kabya (kethüda) 71
kahyalık (kethüdalık) 72
kalemiye 47, 49, 55, 72, 74, 98
kalfa 61, 63, 64n15
Kanbosu Mehmed 414
Kantemiroğlu 18n5, 20, 187, 335, 379–380, 436, 443. Cantemir, Demetrius 422
kanun 53, 82, 88, 105, 122–123, 153–155, 157–159, 174
keys, Turkish 155
Persian type 154
player 123, 155
player, female 157
Safavĩd 154
trapezoidal type of 123, 157
Turkish 155
kanun playing, female style of 157
“Kanz al-tuhaf fi’l musiqi” 122
“kapalı neva” 241, 376, 422
Kar in makam Neva 90
kar-i natık 299, 301–305, 322
by Hatipzade Osman Efendi 303
by İsmail Dede Efendi 303
karadüzen 77, 167–168, 170
Karakalpak 315
Karakalpakia 112
Karaman 16, 80–81, 87, 143
Karamanid aristocracy 79
Karamanid dynasty 87
karar 195–196, 198, 258–260, 262, 267–272, 274, 337–338, 344, 347, 351, 355, 361, 406, 408, 448, 460–461, 465–466, 475
karargah 268–270
Kase-Baz-i Mısri 66, 283n9
Kashmir 19, 78, 112, 141
kaside 286–287, 290
katip 75
“Kavaid ül-Mevaid”. see Mustafa Ali 116
Kaukabi, Najm al-Din 319, 453
kavl-i kadim 244, 249
Kazakh 112, 184, 200–201, 315
qobyz 112
Kazakhstan 112, 200
Kazan 32, 106
kazzaz 71
keman 18, 82, 103, 106, 124–125, 127, 445
kemanche (medieval) 107–108, 128
kemançe (Ottoman)
coconut 174
gourd 174
Istanbul school of 124
player 108, 287
kemençe (modern)
Greek (kemançe-i Rumi) 127, 128, 130, 174–175, 184, 185. lyra
kettledrums 65, 102. nakkare 103
Kevseri, Mustafa 22, 24, 37, 183
Kevseri Collection (“Kevseri Mecmuası”) 309, 444
keyf 82
Khivan Khanate 453
Khorasan 32, 34, 45, 108, 141, 143, 208, 293
Iranian 162
Khwarezm 79n1, 452–453, 482
Khwarezmian 64, 452n2, 453, 453n3
musical genres 453
pattern 454
people 453
Kilar (Kiler) 68
Kilis 45, 71
Kiltsanides of Brusa 22
Kınalızade 105
Kiphchak Turks 453
Kirghiz 315
“Kitāb al-Aghānī” (al-Isbahānī) 30
“Kitabu İlmu’l Musiki ala Vechi’l-Hurufat” 20–21, 297
kitare 130
Köçek Mustafa Dede 41, 88, 187–188, 299
köçekçe 173
köle 47, 162
kolliyat 302–305, 322, 328
koma 223
Konya 16, 79, 81, 87, 91, 96, 233
kopuz
Balkan 168
Ottoman 111, 114
player 105
plucked 112
kopuz-i ozan 113
kopuz-i rumi 113–114, 131–132
Korkut (Şehzade) 379
koron
neutral 208, 219
“Küçük İmam” 95
küçük mecenneb diyezi 220
küçük mücenneb 220
Küçük Oda (“Small Chamber”) 48
kudema-i müteahirin 250, 256
küdum 82, 89, 102, 104, 184–185, 445
küdumzen 39, 88
küi 184, 200, 315
kul 47, 55–58, 66, 68
Kul, Küçük 414
kull al-naghm 303
küll-i külliyat-i fahte 301
küll-ı külliyat peşrev (“Index Peşrev,” Fihrist Peşrevi)
in Küçek 252
in Şiraz 250
melodies 303
küll külliyat taksim 296
külliyat genre 302
külliyat poems 303
Kurdish
free-rhythm singing 276
religious tradition 185
Kurdistan 44–45, 84, 471
Kurds 168, 208, 227
Kutbay, Aka Gündüz 91–92
kutb 225, 260, 268–270
kutb-i daire 267
Kuyumcubaşı 69
Ladiki (Mu. bin al-Ḥāmid al-Lādhiqī) 16, 84, 189, 266, 282
lakab (sobriquet) 42, 66
“large meter” 342, 447
large scale form 2, 339, 344–345, 347
Latif Çelebi 20
lauta 128, 130
lăutăr orchestra 166
lăutări 161, 166
lauto 130
layali 279, 289
lazima 317, 319–320, 330
Lebanon 44, 197, 279n5
legato instruments 103, 213
letter-writer, official 72
Levant 154–155, 278–279, 455
Arab 452
“levels” 49, 52, 97, 198
levend 79, 103, 158, 167–168, 170, 173n16
lutes of the 168, 170
levendane 168
Levni 88, 100n2, 147, 154, 158, 163
“light” music 62, 489
liturgical music 92
liturgy 83, 85, 93
du Loir, Jean Antoine 25, 144, 152
lute
Anatolian 151
Anatolian, long-necked 147
fretted 130
Hungarian peasant 168
long-necked 1, 111n3, 140–142, 168, 184, 185n3, 315. tanbur, long-necked, fretted 1
makam 170
musics, professional, Kazakh 200
musics, professional, Turkmen 200
of the fasıl 167
of the folk 167–168
of the levend 167, 170
pear-shaped 112
player 140
plucked 112
short-necked 30, 111n3, 112, 140, 168 ud 17
short necked, Iranian 108
short-necked, unfretted 112
skin-covered 133
tradition of Central Asian Turks 200
Turkish 167
Turkish, long-necked 168
Turkish, social context of 1
ud-shaped 142
lute neck, sections of the 201
lyra 127–128, 130. kemençe 128
bowed 127
lyrics 19, 235, 302
Macedonia 4n1, 278
Maghreb 45, 281, 290, 484
Maghribi/Andalusian musical culture 419
mahatt 198, 260–261
“Mahbub al-Qulub” 79
mahlas 94, 163
Mahmud I (r. 1730–1754) 23, 24n10, 40, 97, 238, 254, 335
Mahmud II (r. 1808–1839) 52, 155, 257
Mahmud Çelebi 45, 71
mahraç 260–261
makam (Ottoman)
art musics 7, 200
centers 30, 96
classification by Hızır Ağa 253
compound 228, 231–232, 235, 239, 241, 244, 254, 280, 296, 298. makam
conception of 276
concepts of 233
definition of 238
description of a 267
“independent” 225, 228, 232
music 12, 66, 96, 119, 132, 167–168, 172, 175, 191
music, modern Turkish 161, 217, 261
music, Ottoman 153
music, Turkish 184
names 260
of the “lower notes” 225, 229, 256, 262
of the “upper notes” 225
Ottoman form of 54
system 197
terminology 228
tizden nerme varınca 228
tradition 174
tradition, older Anatolian 174
Turkish 161
Turkish, conception 269
Turkish, modern 161
using basic scale degrees 225, 262, 298
using secondary scale degrees 196
makams
Acem 197, 304
Acem-Aşirani 242
Araban 467
Arazbar 255
Aşiran 209
Aşiran Buselik 237
Bayati 210
Bestenigar 379, 448
Beyati 197, 242
Beyati-Araban 255
Bozorg 303
Buselik 212, 215
Buselik-Aşirani 237
Çargah 197, 216
Dügah 197, 209
Evç 254, 262–263
Eviç 270
Evçara 256
Ferahfeza 86
Gerdaniye 197, 251, 406
Gülizar 362
Hicaz 213–214
Hicazkar 239
Hisar 205
Hüseyni 197, 210, 212
Huzi-Aşiran 389
Hüzzam 251
Irak 197
Isfahan 237
Karciğar 210
Kuchek 303
Kürdi 214
Kürdili Hicazkar 239
Mahur 212
Müberk’a 198, 241
Muhayyer 212, 242
Neva 197, 212
Neva-Aşiran 241
Nevruz-i Hara 198
Nihavend 242
Nikriz 232
Nişabur 249, 251, 369
Nuhuft 303
Nühüft 400n2
Pençgah 188
Rast 197
Rehavi 238, 399
Rekb 233
Saba 197, 216
Sazkar 241
Şed-i Araban 255
Segah 197, 209, 213–214
Şehnaz 209
Sultani-Irak 257
Sultani-Yegah 255
Sünbüle 209
Şuri 456
Suzidilara 89
Suzinak 239
Uşşak 210, 212, 216
Uşşak-Dügah 256
Uzzal 197, 210, 213
Yegah 197
Zengüle 209
Zirgüle 253
Zirgüleli Hicaz 251
mamluk 47, 71
Mandoli Harutin 413
Manisa 44, 48, 65, 105
Manuchehri, dìvan of 303
maqām (non-Ottoman)
centers 30
concept of 347
cycles 316
Huseyni 226
Khivan 316
music 7, 45
music, delights of 119
region 99
system 21
traditions 45
modern 295
Uzzal 318
“Maqāṣid al-Alḥān” 122, 142. Marāghī 142
“Maqāṣid al-Advār” 65. Marāghī 142
maqom 4, 176n1, 453
Marāghī, ʿAbd al-Qādir 16, 29, 31, 33–34, 36–37, 198, 206n7, 208, 318, 332, 421
Mardin 30, 44–45
al-Mardini, Abdallah 198
master-student relations 7
mawwal 279
measurement 201, 211
system of 201
mecmua 2, 42, 177, 252, 310, 332, 412
Turkish 280
“Mecmua” 18–20, 60, 83, 177, 255, 257, 335
“Mecmua-i Saz ü Söz” 60, 83, 177, 154, 158, 237–238, 251, 327, 354–355, 359, 364, 413–414, 448. Bobowski Collection
medieval elite cultures 79
medieval period 314
medrese school 49, 55, 74
Mehmed II (1444, 1451–1481) 49, 65, 87
Mehmed IV (r, 1648–1687) 17, 54, 71–72, 79, 94, 97
Mehmed Ağa 43, 68, 70, 140, 166, 285, 335
Mehmed Çelebi 42, 163, 246–248, 264n2, 299, 383, 414. see Hafız Post 42
Mehmed Çelebi, Divane 80, 85, 87
mehter 12, 20, 37, 57, 66, 69, 84, 103, 313, 315, 328, 333, 346n9, 361n4. Janissary
ensemble 72, 77, 359, 445
musician 71
musician, Egyptian popular 283n9, 421
nevbet 90
official 321–322
peşrev 322
popular 321
mehterbaşı 57, 77
mehter-i birun ensembles 55, 158
mehter-i tabl ü alem 173
mehterhane 18n4, 57, 102, 176, 322, 412
mektupçu 72
melodic
conception 346, 371–374
conception, contrast in the 345
contrast, concept of 261, 264
density 2, 14, 219, 335–336, 339–342, 392, 396, 415, 423–425, 429, 448–449, 464, 477, 483
direction 244, 258, 262, 270, 274, 337, 405, 408, 442
idea, core 337
line 197, 242, 249–250, 262, 273, 282, 299, 324, 326, 346, 392, 407, 410, 465
movement 21, 222–223
movement, conception of 266
movement, principles of 21
nucleus 366, 377, 386, 388–389, 465, 478, 486
path 347
periods 355, 358
progression 2–3, 14, 21, 23–24, 197, 251, 258–267, 272–275, 277, 283, 297–298, 334–335, 337–339, 344, 346–347, 350–351, 355, 358, 361, 363–364, 369–370, 372–374, 376, 378, 383, 386, 388–389, 391–392, 394, 404–405, 415, 417, 429, 431, 434, 437, 442, 448, 456. seyir 339
progression, Cantemir’s terminology of 266
progression, codified 2, 14, 23, 273, 281, 283, 355, 383, 389, 442
progression, concept of 261
segments 345
sequence 358, 361, 434
structure 345
units 224, 293, 334, 361, 363, 366, 377
melody
composed 293
conception of 355
contemporary concept of 329
micro-level 417
musical 82
non-dance 184
strings 108
mersîye 95, 282
meşaih 134
Meshed 162
mesnevi 22, 80, 119
meşk-hane 48
Mesut Cemil 290, 491
meter
duple 411
musical 294
poetic 290, 294
poetic, Persian 294
triple 411
metrical songs 103
metricity 102, 278n2, 284
Mevlevi
ayin. See under ayin, Mevlevi 78
ceremony 78
conception of music 83
costume 134, 136
dervishes 5
dervishes, lodges of 6
dervishes, mutrip of the 104
earlier Ottoman 87, 91
ensemble 82
felt hat 134, 184
impact on Ottoman music 89
instrument 89
literature 190
liturgy 93
medieval 85
music 80
musician 76, 87
musician, contemporary 80
neyzen 89
order 6
order, central tekke 87
order, lay members of 89
order, spiritual leaders of 89
philosophy of music 85
practice 91
tradition 189
tradition, modern 189
urban 184
“Mevlev Ayinleri” 510
Mevlevihane
Beşiktaş 17, 43, 133, 151
Galata 17, 43
provincial 93;
Yenikapı 88
Mevleviye 38, 89–90, 93, 95–96, 134, 481, 488
Mevlid-i Şerif 102
mevlidat 235
mevlidhan 94
mevlut 289
Mezci 256
microtonal intonation 276
Middle Ages 1, 9, 78, 421
Middle East, medieval 223
Muslim 79
Middle Period
Ottoman state 51
military music
Ottoman 5
military organization 168
military-bureaucratization 48
minerals 24, 221
mini-cycle 33, 179, 181
miniature
Baghdad school of Ottoman 100
Ottoman 108, 132
painter 35
painting 66, 105, 111
Persian 158
Safavid 108, 141
Transoxanian 162
Turkish 504
Ministry of Finance 72
Ministry of War
minorities, religious/ethnic 38
mir alay 161
Mir Mehemmed 59, 144–145
mir-i alem 57, 111
Mirac 89
“Miraciye” 41, 89
Miron (Kemani) 40, 166
miskal 40, 65, 88–89, 103, 162n14, 163, 165–167, 174–175, 184, 445. musikar 161, 163
demise of the 166
player 166
miskali 135, 163
Miskali Ahmed Bey 334
mısra 304
mıtrıb 81
miyan (meyan)
“multiple” 297, 335
miyanhane (Ottoman) 299, 328, 337, 343, 348, 398n1, 466, 477
miyanxana 319–320, 343
modal
ambiguity 244
combination 176, 222–223
complexes 239, 298
composition 232
compounds 239
contrast, concept of 343
cycle 201
formulae 293
function 372, 397
hierarchy 26
nucleus 225
progressions 205
relationship 2
species 223, 302, 305, 330–331
structures 37, 227
structures, modern 252
modal entities
compound 14, 231
frequency in the use of 236
hierarchical division of 221
primary 221
principal 2
secondary 233, 235
subsidiary 2 244, 248, 262. terkib, şube 280
modal system
closed 221
open 14
“open-ended” 234
Persian 259
modality 222–223, 227, 265, 332, 351, 394
folk 227
Iranian 405
mode
Persian 258–259
primary 14
secondary 14
theory of 223
models, tune-like 486
Modern Era
Early 176
modernism 87
“modernity” 53, 55, 369, 396, 434, 467, 468n6, 489, 492
modernization 55, 210, 310n2, 331–332, 413, 418, 420
modulation
cadential 254
rhythmic 457, 474–475, 483
Turkish Conception of 297
types of 298
Mokhtari Rokneddin Khan 410
Moldavian 18, 20, 40, 54, 127–128, 166, 379. Cantemír 18
Prince 54
violinist 127
voyvod 18n5, 20
Mongol era 132
Montagu, Lady 55
Moroccan 282
Morocco
practice, modern 282
mosque
chanting 102
singer 76
singer, professional 76, 310
music 12
service, orthodox 95
Mosul 93
mouthpiece 116, 133, 135
mubah 119
mücellid 71
müderris 49, 74, 80
müehhir 330
müezzin
Chief 39
Imperial 70
palace 71
ulema 134
Turkish 13
Müezzin, Küçük 39, 77
müezzinbaşı 39, 94
müfred makam 232, 269
mufti 49, 74
Mughal India 162
“Mughal rabab” 112
mugham 4
muhammes genre 415
muhtelif el-tabaka 256
mükerrer 401, 438, 474
mukkadam 330
mülazime 244, 248, 312, 322–324, 327–330, 333–335, 337, 339, 344–345, 346n10, 347–348, 350–341, 353–355, 357, 359–362, 364, 366, 368, 371, 373, 375–378, 383, 386–389, 391–396, 398–399, 401, 404, 407, 411, 419, 422–423, 425, 428, 430, 437–438, 441–442, 447, 455, 457, 459–460, 462–466, 475, 477, 483
“multiple miyans” 298
munacat 102
“Müneccimbası Mecmuası” 42
muqam 4, 176n1, 200–201, 315, 411, 488n1
murabba 181, 313
murabba beste 177, 180, 182
Murad II (r. 1421–1451) 199
Murad III (r. 1574–1595) 16, 94, 334
Murad IV (r. 1623–1640) 59, 68, 94, 97, 334, 368
Murad Ağa 59–60, 144–145, 294
murakkab-khani 305
mürekkeb makam 225, 232–233, 241n4, 296, 298, 351, 456
murşid 82
musahib 23, 57, 67–69, 72, 90, 140, 144–145, 161, 163, 166
Musahib Mustafa Paşa 72
Musali Efendi 71
Musännif 32, 35
muşävräk 200
Musi, Haham (Moshe Faro) 40, 140, 311, 413, 417, 422
music of the spheres 133
musical
expression, mystical 9
expression, religious 492
form 90–91, 102
form, popular Sufi 90
form, transformation of 8
genre 10, 14, 187, 278, 286, 288, 451, 482
genre, Sufi 12, 80
life, Ottoman 176
terms 21
Arabic 222
terms, Persian 21
musician
Abbasid 30, 314
Abbasid, period 30
amateur 35
Arab 293
aristocratic 70
Armenian 21, 199
Bukharan 317
captive foreign 59
captured Christian 56
captured foreign Muslim professional 56
court 23, 162, 189, 291, 368
court, lineage of 23
Egyptian 267, 278
female 64
foreign 58
free 14, 62, 65–66
Greek 6
in the scribal service 74
“Indian” 333n5, 455
Iranian 58–60, 291–294, 333, 399, 485
Iranian, captive 66
Iranian, professional 48
Janissary 285
Jewish 14, 107
Jewish, nightclub 161
Lebanese 278
master 277, 292, 301
mehter 283n9
Mevlevi 76, 80
Mevlevi, contemporary 80
Middle Eastern 208
Mongol period 30
movements of 44
Muslim 66
Muslim, art 39, 176n1
non-Muslim 13–14, 40, 44, 63, 88, 96
of European origin 60, 412
of Hercegovinian origin 132
of Iranian heritage 29
of Italian origin 69
of the chamber 61–63
of the chamber, male 63
of the city 48, 62–63
of Turkish Muslim origin 60
Ottoman 46
Persian 17, 152, 252, 285, 327–328, 333, 398–399. Acemler 414
post-Mongol 31
practicing 244, 277
professional 1, 23, 30, 34–35, 38, 48, 56–57, 59, 62, 63, 73, 91n2, 132n8, 359n3
professional court 23
professional free 40
radio 297
royal 97
slave 492
Sufi 13, 23
Syrian 278
Turkish 278
Turkish, classical 219, 487
Turkish, contemporary 490
ulema 134
unfree 56, 63
unfree Persian 66
Uzbek 319
women 170
musician-composer, free professional 39
musician/theorist 43
musicians’ gallery 93, 190
musicianship, high-level amateur 97
musicological literature 278
musicologist
Ottoman 7n6
Persian 220
Turkish 19, 210, 220, 279, 345
Western 277
musicology 10, 52, 469
Western 277
musikar 82, 161–163, 166–167
player 162
musikar-i acem 161–162
musikar-i çin 162
musiki (mūsīqā) 55
conception of 12
musikişinaslar 68
Muslim
art tradition, medieval 57, 281
arts 13
civilization 96
civilization, medieval 97
languages 280, 452
musical cultures 99, 141
musical cultures, medieval 66, 141
musical practice, medieval 282
societies 11, 55–56
societies, contemporaneous 11, 56
states 55, 96–97, 101
world 44, 78–79, 281, 285–286, 288
world, earlier 43
world, eastern 78
Muslim art music
earlier 290
eastern 78
history of 336, 482
instrumentarium of 108
modern 282
older centers of 96
Muslims, Orthodox Sunni 190
Mustafa II (r. 1695–1703) 70
Mustafa III (r. 1757–1774) 255
Mustafa Ağa 39, 68, 71, 76, 128, 170
Mustafa Ağa (Kemani) 124
Mustafa Ali (Gelibolulu) 49, 116
Mustafa Beg 154
Mustafa Çelebi 144–145
Mustafa Dede 78, 187–188, 190
Mustafa “Karaoğlan” 94
career of 94
Mustafa Paşa 23, 72
mustazad 177, 319
mütefik el-tabaka 256
mutlakat 161
müvakkit 94
müvakkitli kalış 258
muwashshah kulli 302
muxämmäs 316, 318–320
muxämmäs-i rast 320
Muzaffer 38, 264, 311, 366, 368, 378n8, 414, 417, 422, 434–435
mystical
expression 7, 87
music 80
philosophy of music 93
syllable 91
view of the value of music 93
mysticism 80, 86, 313
myth
earlier Near Eastern 82
Persian Sufi 82
na-tamam perde 195n1, 196, 465
naat 12, 41, 90, 92–93, 95, 282, 284, 488
naathan 71, 76, 95
naghma 221
nağme 223, 233, 251, 268, 280n7, 288
“nağme-i külliyat-i makamat” 296, 300, 305
nai (Romanian) 166
Nakhchivanian 59
nakkare 103 kettledrums 103
nakkaş 163
nakş (Ottoman) 177
nakş-semai 182
Nalçe Efendi, Mehmed 72
namud 319
naqqāshkhāna 35
näqş (Herat) 31–34, 36
naqsh (Iranian) 178, 180–181, 189, 292, 319, 488
naqshband 181
nashid 281
nashid al-ajam
nas̲h̲īd al-ʿArab 281
nathr an-naghamat 281
nauba
modern Moroccan 282
naubat al-murattaba 181
Navāʾī, Mīr ʿAlī Shīr 29, 36, 79, 319
nävbät 33
nay (Iranian) 31, 35, 84, 105, 116
nay-i Irakiye 116
Nayini 33, 181
Nazim, divan of 72
Nazim Çelebi 72–73, 95
nazire 3, 418–419, 434–438, 442–443
-i “Gamzekar” 435
-i Isfahan remel by 435
Kantemiroğlu 436
Nazirizade Mehmed Emin Efendi 72
Nazmi, Mehmed 94
Near Eastern art music 296
Necip Paşa 413
nedm. musahib 23, 57, 67–69, 72, 140, 144–145, 161, 163, 166
Nedim (Ahmed) 71, 75, 286, 359n3,
nefes 103, 288, 451–454
Segah, “Şol cennetin ırmakları” 454
nefir 102
Nefiri Behram
peşrev Neva, devr-i kebir, serhane 334n5
nerm perdeler 225
Neşati (Ahmed Dede) 282, 286–287, 300
divan of 286
“neva’da Uşşak” 214
nevbet 176
Nevres 303
ney (Ottoman)
association with the Mevleviye 96, 134
construction of the 138
Iranian 116, 133
Mevlevi 89, 91, 133
newer form of the 91
older form of 175
Ottoman 135
performance of the 133
Persian 116
player 73, 88
sets of 116
Turkish 116, 135
ney playing
solo 91
style of Mevlevi 91
ney taksim 91, 190
neys of differing ranges
modern 89
neyzens
biographies of 134
dervish 116
great 86
Mevlevi 88–89, 91, 133, 140, 189
Mevlevi, performing style of 140
secular 88
Neyzen Emin Ağa 68
Neyzen Said Ağa 68
neyzenbaşt 86
Niebuhr 25, 90
nightclubs 127–128
Nihani Çelebi 100–101
nim perde 195, 197, 272
Niyazi-i Misri, Halveti Şeyh 94–95
Nizip 45
nomenclature
Arab 197
Persian 197
Turkish 197
non-cyclical formats 178
non-metrical genre 36, 102, 280–281, 285, 301
non-Muslim
musicians 13
origin 44, 63
North Africa 4, 9, 278
North African 39
notation
alphabetic 21–22, 211, 422
Cantemir’s system of 24, 226, 239, 285
cipher 122
creator of a 88, 443
Hamparsum 64, 389, 416
inventor of a system of 43
scientific staff 207
staff 17–18, 207, 272
standard modern Turkish 220
system for the tanbur 273
Western 61, 335
Western staff 422
notational concepts, older Muslim 89
notational system 20, 22–23, 26, 89
note
names 25
neutral 448
temporal extension of a 268
variants of the same 168, 211
notes
acem 209, 247, 271
acem aşirani 202, 209
aşiran 202, 229
bansar 208
beyati 202
buselik 202
çargah 202, 229–230
chahargah 200
dik acem 209
dik hicaz 216, 272n5
dik hisar 272n5
dik kürdi 209, 220
dik sünbüle 209
Do 208
dügah 200, 229
evç 202
gerdaniye 202, 230
geveşt 220
haftgah 200
hashtgah 200
heftgah 206
hicaz 216
hisar 213
hüseyni 202, 229–230
hüzzam 251
irak 202, 229
isfahan 242
kapalı neva 376
kürdi 209, 248
mahur 202
maye 237
Mi, muhayyer 202
nerm çargah 203–204
neva 229
nihavend 202
nim hisar 272n5
nişabur 215n12
pençgah 198, 205, 275, 232, 239, 275
pes beyati 218
pes hisar 218
rast 229
rehavi 202, 220
saba 202
segah 202, 209, 220, 230, 243
şehnaz 202, 209, 230
şeşgah 206, 227
shashgāh 200
Si 209
sikah 197
sünbüle 202
suri 186
tiz beyati 202
tiz buselik 202
tiz çargah 202
tiz hicaz 217
tiz hisar 217
tiz hüseyni 202
tiz neva 202
tiz saba 202
tiz segah 202
uzzal 230
yegah 202, 229–230
zengüle 202
zirgüle 230
Numan Ağa 335, 380
peşrev Bestenigar, teslim 376
occult/astrological ideas 84
occupational categories 70
octave
basic 267, 272
fundamental 195
principal 198
scale 224–225, 231, 258–259, 266
species 228, 241–242, 249
Oghuz musical culture 452
Oghuz Turkic music 453
Oghuz Turks 112, 452
Oghuzic figure, legendary 315
oğlans 63
d’Ohsson, Mouradgea 63
Old Testament 83
Ömer Gülşeni (Derviş) 93
oral tradition
current Turkish 303
of Mevlevi musicians 87
Turkish 36, 40, 303, 310, 336
oral transmission 20, 264n2, 309–310, 331, 333, 371, 379–380, 398, 412, 416, 426, 443, 445
Oransay, Gültekin 95
oratorio 89
orchestra
classical 445
indoor 445
Ottoman 17
Ottoman Imperial 17
örf 74
organological history 100
ornamentation 147, 283, 490
Orpheus 36
orthodox religion 98
Osman, Koca 38, 70, 181
Osman III (r. 1754–1757) 68, 75
Osman Bey 68, 335
Osman Dede 21–22, 41, 43, 85, 88–89, 91, 187, 190, 299, 310–311, 322, 334, 341, 379, 416n1, 434
Osman Efendi 36, 77
Osman Efendi, Galatalı 72
Osman Efendi, Hatipzade 303
Osman Paşa al-Atik
düyek peşrev 355
Hüseyni peşrev 437
peşrev “Dügah-Hüseyni düyek by 331, 458
Ottoman
carpets 100
elite 1, 83, 93
elite, philosophy of the 93
Empire 5, 7, 13, 20, 25, 29, 56, 163, 200, 234, 278, 290, 481, 484
Empire, European part of the 278
Empire, expansion of the 484
Empire, history of the 29, 163
high culture, secularization of 54
imperial culture 50
music, connoisseurs of 167, 487
music, secular 6, 24, 55, 135, 477
music, social grounding of 8
music, vitality of 7–8
musical culture 4, 10, 26, 176, 420
period 20, 44, 49
political system 52
secular musical tradition 188
society 3, 11n8, 13, 50, 54, 185, 489
state 11, 46–48, 51–53, 55–56, 74, 79, 85, 98, 102, 290, 481, 493
state, “classical” 46
Turkish music, emergence of 102
Ottomans, demographic situation of the 96
overblowing 165
overtone system, vocal 91
overtones, emphasis on 91
ozan 113
ozanlama 103
pages 18, 24–25, 46–50, 57–58, 61, 63, 73, 87, 186, 255, 457
painter
court 88
paintings
album 100
European 63, 100
foreign 132
Ottoman 100
Safavid 114
Timurid 108
Turkish 172
Palace ensemble, four-piece female 64
Palace School 47, 57, 63, 67, 69, 122
palace service 44, 46–51, 53, 55–57, 65, 68–71, 73, 75, 85, 96–97
Palestine 197, 278
pan-Islamic tradition 185
pan-pipes 65, 103, 162. miskal, musikar 65, 103, 162
Pantry 48, 67–73, 75. Kiler 48, 67–68
Chief of the 67
Imperial 67, 69–71, 73
Privy 67, 69
Paradise, delights of 119, 101
“parallels” 39, 99, 434
parallelism 387–388, 396
parda
Hoseyni 198
Huseyni-Mukhayyer 265
Iraq 198
Nava 198
Rast 198
pasha 13, 88
patrimonial household 49, 57, 67
patronage
courtly 35, 335
royal 97
pedagogic model 305
pedagogical method 292
pedagogy, musical 222
pegs 106–108, 122–123, 141, 145, 155, 159
pension 73
pentachord
Buselik 396
Zengüle 396
Pera district 128
percussion 90, 102–104, 159, 315, 416
perde 84, 195–197, 201, 209, 232, 236, 260, 268, 322
performance
classical 282
context 177
cyclical 177
cyclical, arrangement for 191
cyclical, concept of 181
group 410
intimate 157, 179
of the taksim, non-cyclical 190
on the ney 135
order of 181
Ottoman courtly 96
outdoor 102
public 6, 84, 103
purely rural 103
rhythmic aspect of 158
rural 103
rural, semi-professional 103
secular 173
solo 184, 491
standards of 4
Sufi 78, 287
technique 401
virtuoso 323
vocal 312
performance practice
current Turkish 24
dervish 287
earlier Iranian 181
Iranian 181
modern 14, 490
Persian 294, 399
Turkish 216, 398
performance-generation 281–282, 285, 289, 294–295, 305
performer
female 116, 157
free professional 30
instrumental 33
Iranian 124
male 157
performer-theorist 36
performing troups, public 118
periodization, stylistic 2
Persian
art music 4, 259, 487–488
court 23
language 16
literature 435
modern 141, 211, 251, 261, 292
music 45, 112, 154, 200, 259, 294
music, later 25
music, medieval 223
music, modern 260
musical influence 227, 332
musical models 291
musical zone 178
names 198
poetic tradition 80, 303, 434
speaking areas 317
text 90
Persianate cultural area 141
Persianate musical culture 162
Persianate world 1, 11n8, 16, 30
“Persians” 37, 58, 66, 108, 119, 144, 198–200, 264n2, 291, 294, 303n18, 312, 327, 332–334, 338, 361, 398–399, 414, 421, 484–485
Perso-Arabic music 331
Perso-Arabic system 198, 208
Perso/Islamic musical tradition 123
Perso-Turkic music 318
Perso-Turkic zone 174
peşräv 32–34, 36, 316, 320
modern Bukharan 320
peşrev
Acem, “Gül-i Rana,” düyek 366
Acemi 346n10, 368, 437, 462, 464
Acemi, Beyati devr-i revan 406
Acemi, Beyati düyek 409
Acemi, Beyati sofyan 327
Acemi, Neva, devr-i kebir 460
Acemi, Neva, fer-i muhammes 411
Acemi, Pençgah, “Gülistan,” düyek 275
Acemi, Uzzal “Bustan” düyek, serhane and mülazime 353
Arazbar, devr-i revan by Eyyubi Mehmed Çelebi 407
Bestenigar, teslim, by Numan Ağa 376
Beyati, usul sofyan 400–401, 405, 444
“Bülbül-i Aşık” 426
“Bülbül-i Irak” 376
“Bülbül-i Uşşak” 312
Buselik-Aşirani düyek, anonymous (Derviş Süleyman?) 389–390
“Bustan” 353–354, 369
“Büyük Neva” 384
“Büyük Muhammes” 327, 341, 384, 430
by Osman Dede 22
courtly 315
devr-i kebir by Ferruh 321
Evç, devr-i revan by Eyyubi Mehmed Çelebi 408
“Dügah-Hüseyni” by Osman Paşa 331
earlier vocal form of 178
earliest documented Ottoman 318
earliest Islamic predecessor of 330
early Ottoman 317, 346n9
four-hane 298, 327–328, 344
“Gül-i Rana” 366, 430
“Gülistan” 275, 353
Hindi 333
Hüseyni düyek by Hasan Can 363
Hüseyni, düyek, “Gamzekar” 435
in darb-i feth 323
in darbeyn and zincir 324
in Evçara 64
in Geveşt 187
in Nühüft 186
in terkib Acem-Yegahi, Bestenigar, Hicaz, Kuçek, Maye, Nühüft, Sipihr, Zirefken, Zirgüle 237, 298
in usul devr-i kebir 332
in usul muzaaf devr-i kebir 90, 187
“Indian” 422
instrumental 189, 316
instrumental, current forms 283
Irak devr-i kebir by Ali Hoca 383
Irak by Seyf el-Misri 283n9, 318
Iranian 178
isfahan remel 381
“Kız düyeki” 423
Kürdi berefşan by Angeli 444
Kürdi by Korkut 318
Kürdi, darbeyn by Ermeni Murad 40, 324
melodies, evolution of 91
“Mevlevi” 426
Muhayyer, “Margzar,” düyek by Eyyubi Mehmed Çelebi 381
naming individual 312
“Nazire-i Sakil-i Acemi” 389, 437
Neva, devr-i kebir 334n5
Neva devr-i kebir by Ali Hoca 346n10, 374
Neva, devr-i kebîr, serhane A, B by Behram 334n5
Neva, usul fer-i muhammes 408
Nihavend by Seyyit Ahmet Ağa 91
Nihavend devr-i kebir 321
Nühüft darbeyn by Mehmed Çelebi 247
Nühüft darbeyn by Tanburi Mehmed Çelebi 383
Nühüft düyek 247
of Cantemir 264n2. see Cantemir 24
Ottoman 2–3
Persian 323, 332, 334, 353–355, 358, 364, 366, 368–369, 371, 378, 384, 398–401, 410, 415, 437, 455
Persian-style 322
Perso-Turkish, early 408
Rehavi of Isak 380
Rehavi çenber by Angeli 415
Rehavi devr-i kebir by Angeli 323
Saba hafîf by Ahmed Çelebi 415, 444
Saba şarkı, sofyan 444
secular 89, 321, 325
three-hane 298, 438
Turkish 178, 331
Turkish, modern 332n3, 345
Turkish, periodization of the 331
Uzzal, devr-i kebir by Şah Murad 367
vocal 316, 318n4
Zengüle devr-i kebir 381
peyk (footman) 130
peyrevlik 135, 288
Phanariots 46, 97
philosophy of music, traditional mystical 86
photographs 63
pipes of Pan 163
pishdaramad 316, 411
pishrow
Bukharan 330
Central Asian 315
in Huseyni, usul ramal 319
Iranian 345
medieval Perso-Turkic 316
melodies 411
Persian, earlier 317
Transoxanian 319
Turkic element in the 315
vocal 317
pitch
undefined 268
“plagiarism” 311, 419
planets 23
plectrum (mızrap)
feather 151
tortoise shell 151
plucking the strings, method of 108
poem
nazire 418, 435
poet
amateur 418
courtly 80
Mevlevi 80
Ottoman 119, 168, 286
poetic tradition 80, 303, 434
poetry
classical 178
in Ottoman Turkish language 181
medieval Persian 82, 223, 485
murabba 181
mystical, singing of 78
Persian 82, 112, 162
Persian Sufi 83
religious 102
Turkish 117
polyphonic playing, Turkic tradition of 184
polyphony 102
popular
genres 18
music 387n11, 489
songs, urban 173
traditions 168
post-Mongol era 44
Postel, Guillaume 117
“postlude” 295
Poullet, Sieur 170
“practice-room” 48
pre-Islamic musical cultures 141, 289
pre-Ottoman
Anatolian Turkish society 11, 56
period 44
preacher 94
prelude
instrumental 181, 319
“preludes,” non-measured vocal 295
prince Cem, Ottoman ( Cem ) 87
princes, Ottoman 48, 104
procession, outdoor 359
professional musician, male 30
professional musicianship 48, 57, 59, 73
professionalism, free
late medieval tradition of 65
professionalism in singing 77
professor 80
Prophet Davud 83
Prophet Mohammed’s Ascent 89
provincial city 93
pseudographia 188, 418–420
pulse
beat 343
fundamental 340
Pythagoras
Pythagorean comma intervall 214
qaflah 293
qalun (Uighur) 123
qanun (medieval) 35, 105
qānūn, Egyptian 155. kanun 53, 82, 88, 105, 122–124, 153–159, 174
qassim 280
qawl (qävl)
in parda Huseyni-Mukhayyer 265
qobyz 112, 185n3, 315
Qorqyt 315
quarter-tones 25
Qul Muhammad 31–33, 319
Qurʾān 12, 60, 76, 78, 289
Qurʾānic chant 12–13, 102, 282, 287, 289–290, 485. tajwīd 282, 289–290
Qurʾānic reciter 69
Quṭb al-Dīn Shīrāzī 208, 265, 296, 316
rabab (medieval) 111–114, 132–133, 168, 174
Anatolian 113, 113, 132
Indian 112
Kashmiri 159
Pamiri 141
pear-shaped 112
Persian 112–114
plucked 113, 112
Safavid 114, 132
Turkic 112–113
typology of the 112
unfretted 112, 114
“Rabt-i Tabirat-i Musiki” 22, 85. Osman Dede
radif 292–293, 305
proto- 292
radio 6, 297
rah 314, 317
rang 319, 343
range 20, 100, 267, 271, 274, 297–299, 301, 314, 319, 324, 343–344, 361–362, 372, 381, 386–388, 391, 395, 434, 437–438, 448, 466, 471, 475
ra’s al-hanak 198
ravza 167
rebab (Ottoman) 65, 82, 88–90, 125, 128
player 88
Receb Çelebi (Abrizi) 76
recordings 219, 340, 364
earliest commercial 286
first sound 213, 278
78 rpm 128, 288
records of payment 101
reed-flute 1, 4, 78, 92, 114, 184. ney
reed-oboe 102. zurna
reeds 161–163, 165
“refrain” 345
regional folklore 227
regional styles 10, 213, 470
register 103, 319
reisülkutub 163
religious 9, 12–13, 22, 38, 41, 43, 49, 50, 53, 68, 75, 78, 80, 86–87, 102, 119, 134, 184–185, 190, 289–291, 293, 316, 481–482, 485, 488, 492–493
bureaucracy 22, 51, 53, 56, 74, 98
chant 12, 55
classes 13, 35
classic 78
culture 13, 48, 56, 96, 290
education 74
establishment 41, 53, 56, 71, 72
institution 74, 96
law 52, 74
law, interpreter of 74
“renegades” 40, 60–61
repeat sign 329–330
repertoire
“ancient” 420
art 30, 33, 78, 486
authentic instrumental 163
classical 38, 46, 62, 77, 93, 172, 465
composed of the makams 244
courtly 10, 12, 30, 33, 36, 38, 46, 61, 92
current 351, 417, 470
dervish 95
fasıl 64
fasıl vocal 42
female 103
Greek 166
“Indian” 331
instrumental 3, 11, 17, 19, 37–38, 41, 89, 91, 163, 176, 310, 315, 332, 379, 412, 420–421, 444, 485
instrumental, Mevlevi 92
instrumental, of the “Persians” 398
lists of 226
makam 140
manuscript, Ottoman 177
maqām 319
Mevlevi 90–92, 191, 463–4644
Mevlevi, modern 91, 463
military 315
military mehter 328
modern 298, 351, 365, 419, 430, 467
modern Azerbaijanian 409
modern dastgah 411
modern Iranian 409
Moldavian 166
notated 245, 412
of art music 492
of modern Turkish music 239, 297
of the unmarried men 103
of Turkish music 400
Ottoman 10, 92, 177, 289, 339, 349, 379, 400, 412, 411, 421, 485, 487, 490
Ottoman courtly 10, 90
Ottoman instrumental 420
Ottoman peşrev 412
Ottoman secular 332
Ottoman vocal 176, 332
Persian 399, 420
“Persian” 331
“Persian” peşrev 332
peşrev 264, 333, 338
peşrev modern 448
recorded 298
religious 102
secular classical 77
semai 455, 476
Sufi 84, 103, 119, 454
Turkish 14, 42, 166, 187
Turkish instrumental 412
Turkish modern 450
Turkish peşrev 408
Turkish vocal 43, 332
Turkmenian dutar 201
vocal 19, 38, 42–43, 58, 62, 176–177, 297, 299, 310–311, 332, 398, 422, 489, 492
vocal, modern 444
vocal, secular 379
repetition
large-scale 464
Reşid Efendi 72
retuning 123
revza 168
rhythm
additive asymmetrical 469
flowing 279–282, 388
rhythmic
chanting 287
cycle 2, 14, 282–282, 285, 304, 339–340, 343, 410, 441, 445, 449, 470, 490–491. usul
cycle, Anatolian 470
density 340
expansion 219, 336, 410
formula 355, 388, 454
idioms 290, 411, 423, 427, 450
idioms, specific 281, 289
pattern 404, 450–454, 471
pattern, Anatolian/Azerbaijanian 404
pattern, folkloric 400
phrasing 323, 362, 394, 405, 414, 465
quotation 396
retardation 340–342, 456
structures 396
variants 404
rhythmical assymetry 368
rhythmical structures 284, 292
rhythmically free 281, 486
rikhta 180–181
rind 81–82
“Risale-i Mimariye” 512, 285
ritornello 312, 315, 319–320, 322, 327, 330, 335, 338–339, 344–345, 411, 429, 455, 457
Romania 127, 138, 220, 278. Danubian Principalities, Wallachia, Moldavia
Romanian 13, 28, 97, 138, 161, 210, 296
rosary-maker 71
rosette 114
rubai 281
rubato form, pre-composed 187, 488
rud-i hani
Azeri 114
Rufai Sufi orders 483
ruh-efza
in Anatolianized form 145
Ruhperver 199, 260, 266
ruhsat 271
“Rukovodstvo po Vostochnoi Muzyke” 23
Rum 40, 96, 134, 484
Rumeli 75
Rumelia 74
rural
folk 128
forms 279
music 276, 272
Sadullah Ağa 76, 379
Saſavid
Dynasty 401
governor 69
iconographic evidence 145
Iran 14, 79
musical culture 143
prototype 145
Ṣafī al-Dīn Urmawī 30, 208, 260, 296, 317
şagird 63–64, 66
Şah Kulu 105–106, 108, 399
Şah Murad (Murad IV)
peşrev Uzzal, devr-i kebir 367
şahrüd 108
saj 180
sakil 84, 251, 275, 322, 345, 339, 343, 437
Şakir Ağa 76
salaries
of musicians 48, 62, 104
Salonika 1, 44
Seljuk times 112, 484
samāʿ 78–80, 85, 87, 90, 114, 119, 190, 452
Samarqand 34
santur
“ala Franca” 161
construction 158–159
decline of the 168
Iraqi 159
Kashmiri 159
medieval 157
modern Persian 159
Ottoman 159
Persian 159
player 20, 69, 158, 161
Romanian 161
Turkish 161
virtuoso 161
Western 161
Santuri Edhem Efendi 161
Santuri Hilmi Bey 161
Santuri Hüseyin Ağa, Musahib 161
Santuri İbrahim Ağa 158
säqil 316, 320
Sarajevo (Saray-i Bosna) 44
“Saray-i Enderun” 154
šargija
modern 168
şarkı
in Saba, sofyan 444
sarxana 317, 319–320, 330
Sassanian era 117
savt (seventeenth c.) 287
sävt (fıfteenth c.) 32–34, 36
sawt (medieval) 180–181, 314–315, 317–319, 330, 452, 482
Şayxi Nayi 31, 33
saz (Anatolian) 184–185
saz semai (saz semaisi)
in Evçara 64
Pençgah 276, 380
periodization of the 457, 468
sazende 39, 82, 184
sazende-başılar 61
sazendelik 39, 170
“Sazname” 100–101, 122, 130, 159
scalar variation 266
scale
ancient 269
basic 165, 195–200, 202–203, 207, 207, 215–216, 220, 225–228, 231–233, 235, 239, 244, 246, 250, 258, 262–263, 265, 269, 273–275, 298, 347, 363, 422
basic, Turkish 198
concepts of 195, 298
fundamental 24, 139, 165, 225, 228, 233, 235–236, 239, 249, 256, 258, 265–266
fundamental, change in the 166
general 24, 82, 161, 165–166, 195, 197–198, 201–202, 205, 207, 219–220, 222–224, 231, 258, 265, 268–269, 271, 296
general, Abdülbaki Nasır Dede’s 224
general, Cantemir’s 224
general, Seydi’s 205
Irano-Arabian 17-note 219
makam 225
modal 2, 260
modern setar 208
Ottoman tanbur 208
particular 195, 197–198, 222–224, 228, 231, 235, 268, 276
Turkish 25, 198
Turkish, modern 161, 219
Science of Music 21, 43, 67, 88,117, 135
scribal service
musicians in the 72
scribe
“el-Seba Seyyar fi Ahval-i Muluk-i Tatar” 72
second, augmented 210, 217, 238–239, 255, 344, 467, 492
secondary scale degrees
Iranian names 200
section 1, 19, 23, 34, 40, 56, 76, 101, 105–106, 135, 177, 186, 205, 238, 243, 252, 255, 259, 262, 267, 271, 274–275, 280–281, 283, 285, 289, 292–293, 296, 300, 304, 313, 316, 318, 320, 325, 327, 329–331, 334, 337–338, 343–347, 350, 353, 355, 358, 371–373, 380, 383, 388, 390–392, 396, 399, 404, 407, 419, 426, 437–438, 441, 444–445, 452, 453, 460, 466, 478, 483, 491
secular
art music 13, 55–56, 74–75, 88, 93, 282, 491–492
art music, Ottoman 6, 46, 92
culture 13, 96
elite 55
singer 12, 289
secularism 53, 55, 489, 492
secularization 13, 54–55, 492
şedd 255, 296
Seferli Oda (Campaign Chamber) 48, 68
selam 188–189, 451
Selim I (r. 1512–1520) 16, 29, 37, 50, 57–58, 97, 332–333, 348, 353, 484
Selim II (r. 1566–1574) 16, 63, 334
Selim III (r. 1789–1808) 13, 15, 26, 52, 64, 68, 76, 89–90, 97, 135, 155, 166, 179, 203, 255, 257, 335, 488
Selim Giray 73, 88
Seljuk
musical culture 452
sema 78, 90, 93, 114, 313, 451–452, 454, 481–482, 489, 492
semahane 492
semai
ağır 179, 182, 363
Beyati, semai by Ahmed Çelebi 405
Büyük 455
Geveşt 467
in Neva 459–460, 463, 475
in Pençgah 187
in the mürekkeb makam Pençgah 456
in the terkib Geveşt 186
in Uşşak 380
instrumental 3, 90, 180, 182, 189, 191, 309, 451, 453, 468, 476, 481–482, 492
Iranian 452
Kürdi 456, 468, 476
melodies, secular 191
Neva 187, 459–463, 475–476
Neva Semai-i Solakzade 460–461
Persian 455, 469
urban 452
vocal 18, 191, 312, 453
yürük 25, 179, 182, 187, 451, 454, 463, 471, 476, 482
semai-i sazende
periodization of the 457
semi-tones 165
Şems-i Tebrizi 80
sensual pleasures 119
separation of genres 41
Sephardic Jews 97
Seraglio
Imperial 157
serbend 325, 325, 334, 415
Serbia 1, 56, 103, 127, 168
“serhad” 168
serhane 244, 247–248, 321–323, 328, 334, 337, 344, 346, 348, 350–351, 353–355, 357, 360–361, 363–364, 366, 371, 373–374, 376–378, 383, 386–389, 391–392, 394, 396, 391, 399, 401, 415, 419, 423, 425, 427, 431, 437–438, 441–442, 450, 455, 459, 460, 463–466, 474–475, 477
şeriat 53, 74
Şerif 38, 262, 311, 321, 334, 414, 417, 443
sermehteran 57
serneyzen 39
Serneyzen Ali 88
şeşde 167–168
şeşhane 131–133, 140, 146, 167–168
şeşta 43
şeştar
Iranian 145
Persian 145
virtuosi 144
Şeştari Murad 43, 514, 333
şeştay 142, 145
setar
Iranian 207, 209
modern 143, 208
Pamiri 141
player 411
“Seyahatname” 19, 310, 59, 69, 76, 84, 101, 185, 287
Seydi
general scale according to 205
Seyf el-Misri 289, 318, 414, 420, 434–435
Şeyhi 199, 260, 266
Şeyhülislam 22, 71, 74, 353
seyir
conception of 263–264, 347, 355, 461
Seyyid Nuh 45–46
“Shahnamah” 141–142
shaman 112, 183, 315
shedd 199, 221
Sheikh Safi 144–145
sheikhs, musical 85
Sheybani Khan 106
Shia 481
shuba medieval and modern Persian 302–303
sikke 134, 184
“simple” makams 221, 244
“simulated” makams 230
Simurgh 82
sine keman 125, 127
sine-bend 455
sinecures 55
singer
church 42
professional 12, 76–77, 310, 485
secular courtly 289
singer/composer 39, 77
singing
antiphonal 102
improvised 12, 294
singing-girls 76–77
sipahi 47, 71, 88, 97
Şirvan 96, 113, 132
şirvani halay 472
slave-girls
Circassian 62
singing 30
slave-market 63, 72–73
slave-musician
female 62
of European origin 17
slave women of the palace 56, 65
slaves
male 60, 62
military 44, 47, 96
of Turkish origin 47
personal 47
“small meter” 341–342, 392, 425, 448, 467
social
condition 11, 51, 55–56
environment 39, 71
function 8, 18, 168
organization 50–51, 493
organization of art music 55, 493
organization of music 11, 13–14, 74, 99, 118, 492
Socrates 23
Solak group 163
Solakzade, Miskali
Neva Semai-i 460–461
son hane 328, 348
son peşrev
“Bülbül-i Uşşak” 312, 430
in usul düyek 187
son semai 451, 464
son yüriik semai
Mevlevi 25
songs, Persian language 484
sori 220
sorud 112
sound 5, 63, 81, 92, 102, 106, 117, 119, 125, 127–128, 131, 139, 134–135, 138, 140, 163, 165–166, 197, 202, 213, 234, 240, 268, 276–278, 431
sound-box 112, 122, 132
sound-hole 155
sources
Arabic 280
Bukharan 320
foreign 11, 133, 190
Iranian 178
literary 310, 99–100
literary, European 101
literary, native 100
musicological xiv
musicological, Arabic 453
musicological, Persian 453
non-Mevlevi 188
notated 417, 422, 424
Ottoman 287, 329–330, 355
Persian 280
secular foreign 190
secular Ottoman 190
Turkish 130, 207, 208, 232, 258, 289, 453
visual 91, 104, 143
South Caucasus 514, 182, 399
state, post-classical Ottoman 51
state bureaucracies 46
steps, microtonal 201
steward
guild 74
stone-mason 77
string ratios 201
stringed instrument 82, 103, 131
strings
brass 114, 123, 132, 147, 154–155
division of 314
double 108, 114, 132
gut 154–155, 157
in groups of three 123
metal 155, 157
sets of double 108
silk 114
sympathetic 108, 203–204
student
music 69
non-Muslim 93
şube (Ottoman)
Hicaz 249
Hüzzam 249, 255
Hüzzam-i Kadim 249, 255
Hüzzam-i Rumi 249, 255
Karcığar 255
Küçek 255
Şiraz 255
Suzidil 252
Suzidilara 252
Yegah 254
subordination, concept of 235
sudur 31
Sufi
allegory 119
ceremonies 282, 488–489
conceptions of music 23
elite, medieval 79, 85
image of gnosis 82
lodge 173
medieval 78–79, 190, 452
models for music 291
movements, early Anatolian 481
music 12, 80, 93, 174, 191, 482, 485, 487
music, earlier 414
musical tradition 420
mystical interpretation of makam 199
orders 79, 96, 98, 483
orders, lay members of the 98
origin of the term semai 189
practices 134
practices, controversies about 134
repertoire 84, 103, 119, 454, 488
sema, medieval 452
sema 114, 313, 482, 489
tarikat 79, 84
teacher 82
tradition 79
tradition, medieval elite 85
traditional ritual practices 134
treatise 313
Turkish 184
Sufism
classical 133
philosophical 79
Sufiyana Kalam, Kashmiri 282
suite
cyclical rhythmic composed 93
Şükufezar 84, 312, 322, 435
Süleyman I The Magnificent (Kanuni) 37, 57, 74, 168, 333–334, 353
Süleymanname” 108, 116
Sultan Ahmed 57, 66, 111
Sultan Korkut 37, 318
Sultan Veled 16, 190, 481, 483
“Sultan Veled Devri” 90–91
sünder (sündir) 167
Sunni
dervish orders 102
puritanism 79
tarikat 79, 90–91, 93–94, 492
zikr 489
sureta makam 230
sur-i Humayun 66
“Surname-i Humayun 124
“Surname-i Vehbi” 88, 158
Sütcüzade İsa 38, 181
Swedish traveler 159
syllables, non-textual 178
symbols, musical 220
synagogue
Ottoman 316
service 312
Syria 7, 31, 44, 138, 140, 157, 174–175, 197–198, 222, 278, 275, 283, 289–290, 482, 490
Syrian 144, 278, 484–485
Systematist
practice 201
tradition 198
writings 233
Systematists 21, 208, 260, 266, 277
tabakat 205, 313
ṭabaqāt 198
Tabi Mustafa Efendi
career of 75
Tabriz 16, 34, 57–59, 66, 105–106, 111, 144–145, 303, 353
tabrir section, 278
“Tabririye” 26
taife 76–77
Tajik
form of peşrev 408
musician 200
tajwīd. see tecvid, Qurʾānic chant
takım 179, 182
taksim
Arab 283
“compendium” 300–301
development of the, figure of the 306
etymological meaning 280
for the ney 91, 187, 190
generic relatives 289
instrumental 179, 182, 185, 191, 287, 289, 305
local sub-styles 278
major characteristics 284
metricity of 284
model 227, 231, 270, 304
Neva by Necdet Yaşar 458
performance, art of 284
Persian 291, 294
Turkish 293–294
vocal 179–182, 185, 189, 271, 286–288, 290, 295
taksim-i külli 227, 300, 302–303
tamam perde 195–196, 209, 269, 272
ţambal mic 161
tambura 65, 170
tän-i maqām 316
tanbourah 168
tanbur
drawing of the 25
fretted 141, 203
fretting of the Ottoman 203–204
Herati 143
Khorasani 141
Khorasanian 151, 208
Kurdish 185
modern 147
modern, of Central Asia 141
modern Turkish 207, 212
of Necdet Yaşar 203, 212, 290
Ottoman 141–143, 145–146, 151, 208
Ottoman, Persian input in 145
Pamiri 141
player 23, 40, 64, 134, 140, 212
player, Mevievi 88,
player, Turkish 212
round-faced, round-backed 143
teacher 63
Transoxianian
“Turkmen style” 141
Uighur 200
virtuoso of today 45
tanbur-i şirvaniyan 142
tanbur-playing, style of 41
tanbura 167–168, 172
tanbura of Hungary 168
tanbure-i türki 142
tanburi 39, 135, 158, 179
Tanburi Ali 251
Tanburi Osman 380
Tanburi Tahir Ağa 68
tanburica 168
tanini 223
Tanzimat xi, 52
tarab 279
tarana 177, 181, 280, 319
tarçi 316
tarīqah
in maqām Uzzal, usul muxammas 318
tarkib 221, 223, 232, 317, 319–320, 330
tartil 289
tarz-i Horasan 45, 485
Taşçızade 71
Taşköprüzade, Ahmed 80
taslim 317
täsnif 316
tavşan 77
Tavukçuzade 71
teacher
anti-tarikat orthodox 94
Mevlevi 91
music 512, 62–64, 67, 84, 399
Teberdar 70
technique
bowing 111
compositional 231, 264, 293, 322, 333, 358, 360–361, 363, 368, 370–371, 373, 378, 383, 388, 407, 460–461, 464–467, 476
“Eastern” 159
hammering 157
“mirroring” 402
modern 155
on the Anatolian lutes 146
on the kanun 155, 157–158
on the kanun, modern 155
pedaling 394
playing 134, 151, 174, 490
plucking 111, 157
rubato 490
west 111
tecvid 67, 102. see tajwīd, Qurʾānic chant
“Tefhimü’l Makamat fi Tevlid-in Neğamat” 203. Hızır Ağa
tehallus 234
tel-tanburası 104
temcid 41, 93, 95, 102, 282
tempo
performance 340
retardation 335, 342, 347, 415, 429, 447–450, 489–490
terennüm 285, 311, 316, 314, 488
terkib (Ottoman)
catalogue of 256–257
“connected” 267, 466
system 255, 265, 299
terkib-i intikal 329
terkib-i sani 329
terkibs
Acem-Aşirani 211, 237, 242
Acem-Buselik 256
Acem-Yegahi 237, 242, 298
Araban 255
Arazbar 237, 239, 255, 273, 406
Arazbar- Zemzeme 256
Aşiran 428
Aşiran-Buselik 237
Aşiran- Zemzeme 256
Baba Tahir 237–238, 242, 273
Beste-Isfahan 241–242, 254
Bestenigar 254–255, 298
Buselik 239, 242
Buselik-Aşirani 154, 237, 239, 246
Büzürk 242, 299
Çargah 239
Dügah 237, 298
Evç-Buselik 256
Evçara 256
Gerdaniye-Buselik 256
Geveşt 186, 252
Hicaz 191, 237, 239
Hicaz- Zemzeme 256
Hisar 239, 298
Hisar-Buselik 256
Humayun 241
Huzi-Buselik 242
Hüzzam 249, 254–255, 299
Hüzzam-i Cedid 249
Hüzzam-i Kadim 255
Hüzzam-i Rumi 255
Isfahan 237–239, 241–243, 254, 299
Isfahãn-Zemzeme 256
Karcığar 241
Küçek 241, 298
Küçek-Sünbüle 237
Küçek- Zemzeme 256
Kürdi 239, 256
Mahur 235
Maye 238, 298
Muhalef 238
Muhayyer-Buselik 238
Müstear 255, 257
Neva- Aşirani 246
Nevruz 238
Nevruz-i Acem 238
Nihavend 237, 239–240
Nikriz 235, 239
Nişabur 239, 249, 254
Nişaburek 254
Nuhüft 238, 245, 256, 298, 371
Nühüft-i Kadim 256
Pençgah 235
Rekb 233, 252
Ruy-i Irak 242
Saba 467
Saba Zemzeme 467
Sazkar 214, 235–236
Segah 298
Şehnaz 233
Şehnaz-Buselik 256
Selmek 252, 255
Sipihr 298
Şiraz 363
Sultani Irak 257
Sünbüle 237–238
Suzidil 256
Suzinak 256
Uşşak- Aşirani 242
Uzzal 237
Zavıl 254
Zavli 252
Zemzeme 256, 467
Zîrefken 298–299
Zirgüle 363
terminology
current 224
for melodic progression, Cantemir’s 266
indigenous 195
modal 233
modern 228
modern Turkish musical 224
Ottoman literary 418
Turkish 224
tesbih ilahi hymns 75
teslim
of Beyati peşrev by Emin Dede 213
teşrih
“Tetkik ü Tahkik” 26, 85, 135, 215, 255, 257, 260, 268, 270, 306. Abdülbaki Dede tetrachord 85
augmented second 210, 217, 238–239, 255, 344, 467
Hicaz 210
Shur 210
Uşşak 210
Uzzaļ 210
Tevfik Kolaylı (Neyzen) 85
tevşih ilahi hymns 95
text
devotional Arabic 302
Persian 90
poetic 280, 303
sacred 12
Safavid musical 292
syllabic 178, 285
tezkire (tadhkira)
Ottoman 22
theoretical knowledge of music 35, 65
theories of music, medieval 221
theorist
Arab 222
Iranian 208
Transoxanian 198
Turkish 277
Turkish, pre-modern 130
theory
Arab musical 222
classical Muslim musicological 199
current 258
earlier 11
Greek-derived 208
Iranian 212
modern Arab music 222
modern Arab music, periods 222
modern Turkish 206–207, 209
of government, “classical” Otoman 48
of Turkish music 222
Systematist 223
tetrachordal 225
Turkish 212
Turkish musical 221
thematic development 298
third
major 216
minor 249
neutral 262
timar 97
timbral
arenas 102
register 103
timbre 133, 135, 140
times of the day 221
Timur 34, 317–319
Timurid
courts 36
era 99
tiz perdeler 225
Toderini, Giambatista 25
“Tomtom İmamı” 74
Tonal center
hierarchy of 347
of Neva 373
tone, neutral 219
tonic 259
Topkapı Palace
Archives 63
Trabzon 58–59, 66
Transitional Era 26
transmission
literate manuscript 412
Transoxiana 9, 19, 31, 48, 99–100, 108, 112, 174–175, 177, 180–181, 281, 290, 315–316
Transoxanian
theorist 198
“transporting terkib” 329, 357
transposed makams 229
transposition 22–23, 219, 224, 229–231, 250, 254–256, 263, 270, 296, 300, 305–306, 322, 346, 350, 353, 364, 366, 396, 407, 466
traveller, foreign 101
travelogue
European 69
Treasurer 72
Treasury 20, 68, 72, 75, 297
treatise-writing 16
treatises
Arabic 265
Bukharan 420
in Arabic 282
in Persian 315
Indo-Persian 122
Ottoman 199
Persian 122
theoretical 288
Turkish 84
Turkish language 198
trichord 240, 458–459
Tripoli 44, 93
trumpet 102. nefir
tüdük 315
“Tulip Period” (Lale Devri) 22
tuning
board 114
frets, horsehair 122
key 122
pegs 122
pegs, wooden 122
yegah/çargah 203
yegah/dügah 203
yegah/rast 203
Tunisia 13, 78, 278, 482
Turco-Arabian
makam 261
music 223
music, modern 281
musical zone 346
system 206
tradition, modern phase of 221
zone, modern and early modern music 279
Turco-Iranian cultural zone 99
Turco-Mongol musical influence 315
Turfan basin 314
Turkestan, Chinese 200
Turkey
Anatolian 485
contemporary 212
modern 29
Ottoman 293n15
Persian musical influence in 332
Turkhan 23
Turkic
cultures, nomadic 315
genre 315
languages 280
musical aesthetics 101, 314
musical heritage 482
peoples 201
qobyz 112
Turkish
art music 6, 54
art music, Ottoman 7
art music, Persian 4, 486
art tradition 173
classical music 4, 6
classical music, modern 219
culture 81
folk music 6
folk music, Anatolian 452, 470, 482
form of peşrev 408
language 17
language texts 182
literature 143
musical life 89
musical practice 247
musical structures 420
musical style 376
oral tradition 36, 40, 303, 310, 336
practice 338
practice, modern 206
Republic 6
Republic, establishment of the 6
scholars, modern 260
television 62
tradition 59
tradition, later 17
writers, earlier 266
Turkish music
Anatolian 404
Azerbaijanian 484
instrumental x
modern 297
modern, frequency of makams in 238
modern era of 26
mystical “founder” of 29
notating 89
older practice of 135
Ottoman 118
Persian 62
repertoire 14
secular 39
theory of 212
urban 401
“Turkishness” 7
Turkmen 39, 170, 201, 315, 471
Turkmenian Republic 453
Türkmenani, eda-i 39
“Turkmen style” 170
Turks
Anatolian 481
Central Asian 200
nomadic 315
Ottoman 116
upper-class 55
türkü
from Konya 249
ud
decline of the 130–131
fretted 108
player (avvad) 39
un-fretted 108
ud al-kāmil 108
ud al-qadīm 108
ufor 453
Uftade, Şeyh 95
Uighur
musical culture 162
musical tradition 315
qalun 123
tanbur 200
Turkic 314
ulamāʾ
elite 79
higher Ottoman 79
musicians 75
ünsiyyet 285, 296–297
urban
genres 286
musics 9
musics, studies on 9
population 55
professionalism 103
Urfa 45, 472
usage, modern 252
Usküb (Skopje) 163
Usküdar 94
usta 63, 64n15
ustad 73
ustad-i kamil 70
usul
catalogue of patterns 285
conception of 347
cycle 343, 348, 400, 437
system 312, 314, 321, 335, 341–343, 401, 415, 417
usul-i musiki 12
usuls
ağır aksak 343
ağır aksak semai 343
ağır berefşan 450
ağır düyek 429
aksak 343
aksak fahte 449
aksak semai 343, 457, 470
berefşan xxx, 324, 326, 392, 448–449–450
çenber 324, 339, 363n5, 399
324 curcuna 471
darb-i fethi 183, 323, 327–328
darbeyn 183
devr-i kebir 183, 343
devr-i revan 400
duyak 319
düyek 183
evfer 187, 189
evsat 183, 314
fahte 449
fer-i muhammes 408
hafif 343
hajaž 319
lenk berefşan 449
lenk fahte 449
muhammes 343, 320
muxammas 316
muxämmäs 319
muzaaf devr-i kebir 90, 187, 339
nim hafif 343
nim sakil 343
ramal 319
rawan 189
remel 243
sakil 334n5
säqil 316
segin semai 304
semai 465, 482–483
semai-i harbi 469
semai-i lenk 469–470
semai-i raks 469
sengin semai 304, 457, 468, 470, 474
sofyan 176, 400–401, 444
turki-zarb 319
ufar 189
ufor 453
yürük semai 182, 187, 482
zincir 183
Uzbek
conquest 106
form of peşrev 452
musician 200
Uzbekistan
former Soviet 453
uzun hava 278n2, 283, 295
uzzal (muqam) 217, 220, 240, 318, 354, 358
vaiz 75, 94
vakf 75
Van Mour 155, 157
variation
intervallic 354
musical 283
rhythmic 283
varsaği 12, 94, 179, 184
Vasilaki 128
vassal rulers 97
Vaziri, Ali Naqi 220
Vecihe Daryal ( Daryal ) 157
Vehbi Osman Çelebi 71
“velehu” 329
velvele 81, 340
velveleli strokes 416
Venus 81–82, 117
vezn 323
vezn-i kebir 424, 447, 469n7
vezn-i sağır 448, 469n7
viola d’amore
virtuoso 40
violin 41, 106–107, 125, 127–128, 175
violin-playing 41
violinist 127, 161
visual depictions
indigenous 100
Turkish 100
vizier 13, 132
vocal art tradition, secular 94
vocal genres
composed modulating 302
dervish 41, 62
Iranian 181
light urban 286
non-makam 179
secular 89
Sufi 284
vocal music
courtly 62
vocal trills 283
vocalist
secular 56
volume 19–20, 25, 76, 100, 151, 184, 391–392
Wallachia 56
waṣlah 290
wax-balls 165
wedding ceremony 316
Western
art music 6
Asia 4, 9, 176, 184
Asia, art musics of 184
cultural features 53
music 5, 207
music, genres of 5
sharp sign 422
Westernization 85
“whole notes” 195, 434
whole step 195, 207
wind group 161
wind orchestra, unofficial 103
women
participation in the samāʿ 79
wood 106–107, 114, 117, 122, 146–147, 153, 155
worship, music in 83
wrestling 454
Wright, Owen 90, 317, 416
wusta (vosta) 314
xana (Transoxanian) 317–318, 320, 327, 330, 343
xanändä 32, 34
Yahudi Kara Kaş 40
Yahudi Yako 40
Yahya Çelebi 46
Yakub (Sultan, Akkoyunlu; r. 1479–1490) 97
Yaşar, Necdet
taksim Neva 458
Yavaşça, Allaettin xxiii, 45
yeden 258, 350, 402, 406, 458, 461, 465, 475
yeka 198
Yekta, Rauf 5, 9, 19, 22, 25, 91, 127, 201, 207, 212, 222, 227, 332, 365, 411
yeltme 167–168
Yemen 278
yonkar 167–168
Young Turks 5
yürük semai 25, 179, 182, 187, 454, 482
Yusuf Çelebi 47, 71
Yusuf Köle 163
Yusuf Paşa 335
Zaharya Efendi 42
zakir 94–95
Zakir Hasan 379
zakirbaşı 94
Zalzal 314
zarbi 411
zaxma 318
zeamet 70, 73
zecel 287
Zekai Dede 5, 332, 411, 487
Zeki Mehmed Ağa 140, 166, 335
zemin 299
zemin-miyan 297
zeyl 317, 325, 323, 327–328, 334–335, 415, 455
Zeyn al-Abidin 143
Zeyni 66, 104
Zeynülabidin, Avvad 65
zikr 19, 78, 84, 87, 90–91, 93–94, 103–103, 287, 488–489, 492
zither 123, 155
Zuhra 82, 117
zurna
player 445
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Music of the Ottoman Court

Makam, Composition and the Early Ottoman Instrumental Repertoire

Series:  Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East, Volume: 177
Cover Music of the Ottoman Court
E-Book ISBN:
9789004531260
Publisher:
Brill
Print Publication Date:
12 Dec 2023

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