Index
Abhidharma
94, 128, 131, 136, 176
absolute truth
175, 516
abhijñā. see shentong 神通 (supernatural competence)
Abū Bakr
298–299
adhimukti
20, 132, 135, 227, 232.
belief, daishin 大信 , faith, fides, Glaube, haimanuta, pistis πίστις , prasāda, shin 信 , shinkō 信仰 , śraddhā, wāfarīft, xin 信 , xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
āgama
126–128, 180, 389
agency
110n26, 174, 201, 340, 467, 538, 565n2
historical ~
174
ai 愛 (love)
189–190, 216, 238n47, 237, 293, 343, 406, 465, 479, 487, 531, 534, 536, 539, 543.
bo’ai 博愛 (universal love), sheng ren/ai 生仁 /愛 (growth of charity/ love)
Akamatsu Renjō 赤松連城
375–377
Aluoben 阿羅本
235
Amida 阿彌陀 . see Amitābha, Amitāyus
Amitābha (Amituofo 阿彌陀佛 )
140–142, 172, 178–186, 188–192, 331, 393, 614.
Amida 阿彌陀 , Amitāyus
Amitāyus
141, 178, 184.
Amida 阿彌陀 , Amitābha
anding li 安定力 (finding inner stability)
401
anima (yanima)亞尼瑪
257
animism
448
Anselm (of Canterbury)
15, 41–42, 54, 611n5
An Shigao 安世高
135, 201–202, 204–205
anti-Christian movement. see fei jidujiao yundong 非基督教運動
antireligion movement. see fei zongjiao yundong 非宗教運動
Apostles’ Creed
22, 272, 340, 348–352, 354
ʿaqīda
21, 297–298
Aquinas, Thomas
42–43, 54, 249, 257
Archaic Chinese
16, 79–80, 82, 85, 87, 91n23, 92, 96, 101–102
argumentative chains
69
arhat
131, 176, 233
Aristotle
32, 41–43, 53–54
ārya-satya. see sidi 四諦 (four noble truths)
āryāṣṭaṇga-mārga. see bazhengdao 八正道 (eightfold correct path)
aśrāddha
137.
unbelief, wu xin 無信
Aśvaghosha
330
attitude verb
17, 80–82, 84, 101
Augustine, Augustinus (of Hippo), Augustinian
40, 41, 43, 48, 53, 216, 256
Avalokiteśvara. see Guanyin 觀音
avetya-prasāda. see xinzhi 信知 (believe and know)
awaken, awakening
142, 155, 175–176, 181, 184–185, 188, 216, 239, 296, 322, 386, 392, 405, 427, 478–479, 540–541, 602.
Dasheng qixin lun (The Awakening of Faith)
Bacon, Francis
45
Bactria
178
bade 八德 (eight virtues)
214, 217n10, 220–221, 501, 505, 604
bage bixu 八个必须 (eight commandments)
586
bai 拜 (to worship)
513n64, 540, 507n38, 510n48, 513n64, 580.
chongbai 崇拜 , jibai 祭拜 , libai 禮拜
Bailianshe 白蓮社 (Societies of the White Lotus)
179
Baiyunshan 白雲山 (White Cloud Mountain)
580
bajingfa 八敬法 (Gurudharma, Eight Principal Rules)
548, 559–560, 563
banxin banyi 半信半疑 (half trust and half doubt)
570.
hanshin hangi 半信半疑
baoda shen’en 報答神恩 (to repay divine favor)
565, 572
Baopuzi 抱朴子
18, 112–113, 117, 120
baoying 報應 (moral retribution of good and evil)
214, 216, 261, 507n38, 511n57
Baptist Missionary Society (BMS)
311, 313, 332
Barth, Karl
54
Basel Missionary Society
461
bashengdao 八聖道 (eightfold holy path), bazhengdao 八正道 (eightfold correct path, āryāṣṭaṇga-mārga)
127n12, 176
Baumgarten, Siegmund Jakob
46
Begriffsgeschichte
8.
conceptual history
Beixi ziyi 北溪字義
72
belief passim. adhimukti, daishin 大信 , faith, fides, Glaube, haimanuta, pistis πίστις , prasāda, shin 信 , shinkō 信仰 , śraddhā, wāfarīft, xin 信 , xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
~ as a psychological state
27, 565, 567–568, 583–584
(enact) ~ as a public performance
584
~ as trust
19, 210, 283
Buddhist ~
19, 196–197, 199, 239
Christian ~
6n13, 43, 259, 318, 471n33, 472, 584
deep ~
136, 151, 284.
shenxin 深信
ignorant ~
529, 543.
yuxin 愚信
~ in Buddha
395
~ in Christ
333
~ in deities
512, 567, 583.
xin shen 信神 , xinyang shenqi 信仰神祇
~ in fetishism
450
~ in God/ Lord
42, 49, 106, 289, 446, 506, 612
~ in the Holy
599
irrational ~
351n36, 445, 453, 613.
irrational faith, religion as irrational (belief)
religious ~
23, 49, 104–105, 124, 309, 314, 344, 363–364, 390, 401, 442–443, 450–452, 463–464, 472, 475, 498, 512–513, 527, 529, 543, 566–567, 569–570, 613.
shinkyō 信教 , xinjiao 信教 , zongjiao (de) xinyang 宗教信仰
trustful ~
200
faith passim, trust passim
believe in the Way, believing in the Dao. see xin dao 信道
believer. see diannawu 電那勿 , xinyou 信友 , xinzhe 信者 , xinzi 信子 (believer)
bensehua yundong 本色化運動 (indigenizing movements)
356
benxin 本心 (original mind)
513
benzhi 本智 (Innate Wisdom)
292
Bible
15, 33, 36n17, 52, 54, 277, 319–323, 341, 350, 470, 587, 591, 602, 611
bhikṣu. see biqiu 比丘
biqiu 比丘 (Buddhist monk, bhikṣu)
98, 176, 558–559
biqiuni 比丘尼 (Buddhist nun, bhikkhunī)
558–560
Black Dragon King (deity in Shaanbei). see Heilong dawang 黑龍大王
blasphemy
217, 569, 580, 583
blood sacrifices
117
Blue Lotus Sect. see Qinglianjiao 青蓮教
bo’ai 博愛 (universal love)
472
Boas, Franz
567–568
Bodhi Tree
175
bodhi-citta-utpāda. see fa puti xin 發菩提心
Bodhisattva
99, 126–129, 133–134, 142n72, 147–151, 158–159, 177, 184, 188, 197, 234, 327, 395, 535, 540–542, 553–555.
Guanyin 觀音 , Maitreya (Mile 彌勒 ), pusa 菩薩
bore 般若 . see prajñā
Boxer Indemnity
482
bronze inscriptions
62
Buddha
18, 94–97, 111n30, 128, 132–149, 151–154, 156–159, 172, 175–182, 184, 186–187, 192, 196, 199, 227, 231, 233–234, 261, 282n67, 327, 331, 375–376, 386, 388, 392–393, 395, 296n47, 402, 406, 427, 430, 502, 508, 514, 531, 545, 549, 551, 553, 556–558, 611, 614
Fo 佛 , Fotuo 佛陀 , hotoke 佛 , Śākyamuni, Shaka 釋迦 , Siddhārtha Gautama
Buddhahood
143, 146, 151, 154, 156, 158, 176, 181, 388, 427, 550, 555, 557–558, 562.
cheng fo 成佛 , de fo 得佛 , fo zhi dao 佛之道
Buddha nature
18, 125, 151, 153–154, 157–160, 392, 549.
foxing 佛性 , rulai zang 如來藏 , Tathāgata-garbha (tradition)/ Tathāgata School
Buddha recollection
179–182, 185
Buddhism
9, 18–19, 23, 27, 114n45, 116n50, 124–160, 172–193, 196–211, 215, 227–242, 261, 280, 330–332, 360–381, 384–407, 421n33, 425–430, 432–434, 441n12, 443–444, 450–453, 455, 472–473, 497, 499, 524, 527, 529, 533, 538, 540, 542–543, 545–563, 589, 595, 611, 614, 616
~ being/ as a religion
191, 362, 377, 380, 398, 426
Chinese ~
124–125, 127, 137, 151–154, 158, 160, 196, 199, 205, 207, 374, 384, 386, 387, 389, 546, 554
Chinese modern ~
542, 380
East Asian ~
94, 175, 177, 211, 334–335, 374
Indian ~ (early and Mahāyāna)
128, 151–152, 178, 192, 374, 389, 389n19, 390–391, 416
Japanese ~
22, 172–193, 360–381, 387
Mahāyāna ~
128, 148, 151–152n112, 176–178, 331–332, 334, 401, 418, 430, 542, 549, 551.
Pure Land (Buddhism), Chan, Tiantai
original ~
389, 390n19.
yuanshi fojiao 原始佛教
pre-modern Chinese ~
384, 387
Protestant Buddhism
360, 374
Tibetan ~
198–199
fodao 佛道 , fo zhi da dao 佛之大道 , renjian fojiao 人間佛教 , xin fo(jiao) 信佛（教）
Buddhist
124–160, 172–193, 196–211, 227–242, 261, 280, 330–332, 334–335, 360–381, 384–407, 416, 418, 421n33, 425–430, 432–434, 441n12, 443–444, 450–453, 455, 472–473, 497, 499, 524, 527, 529, 533, 538, 540, 542–543, 545–563
~ canon
18, 124–128, 198
~ circles/ intellectuals/ scholars
133, 136, 139, 154, 367, 378, 380, 389, 405
~ conversion
523, 526–527, 533, 538, 543
~ monks/ nuns
27, 98, 148, 176, 197–198, 204–205, 209, 315, 499, 524, 545–546, 548, 550, 558–559, 561–562.
bhikṣu, biqiu 比丘 , biqiuni 比丘尼
~ scripture(s)/ text(s)
16, 22–23, 80, 94–95, 124–127, 129, 133–134, 138–139, 143n75, 151, 160, 175, 177, 201, 227, 231–232, 330, 334, 387, 397, 402n69, 445, 556
~ tradition
124, 177, 196, 373, 377, 416, 499, 511, 548, 556
~ translation
95, 227
Buddhist Association of China. see Zhongguo fojiao xiehui 中國佛教協會
Buddhist Right Faith Society. see Fojiao zhengxin hui 佛教正信會
Bultmann
33, 35
Butler, Joseph
319, 321
bu xin 不信 (bu xin zhe 不信者 )
62, 73n34, 78, 80, 83, 86, 100, 107, 109–115, 216–217, 220, 233, 238, 253, 259, 269, 272–273, 276, 279, 343n10, 345, 465, 500n5, 501n12, 501n14, 502n15, 502n16, 503, 508n44, 514n67, 515n68, 531, 539
Cai Erkang 蔡爾康
315
Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培
445n26, 591
Calvin, John
44, 54
cancer
572, 575, 606
catalogues
16, 61, 63–65, 67–69, 74–75
catechism, Catechismus
249–251, 253, 264, 283n69, 292, 503
character (nature, ~of a person)
35–36, 108, 207, 209, 255, 351–355, 357, 370, 416, 422, 429, 432, 449n38, 468, 510, 545, 547–550, 552, 562–563, 590, 601
~ traits
547–548, 552, 563
xingge 性格
Chan 禪 (Buddhist school)
140n66, 153, 155–156, 513, 547, 549, 551, 554
chaosheng liaosi 超生了死
512
Chen Fuling 陈福龄
595
Chen Jinyong 陳金鏞
454
Chen Chun 陳淳
72
cheng 誠 (sincere, really upright, sincerity)
79, 90, 92, 185, 189, 197,206n16, 230, 266, 276, 282n66, 293, 344, 475, 482, 501n13, 504n24, 505n32, 508n44, 528–530, 532–533, 539
cheng 承 (accepting, undertaking)
242, 267, 299, 317
cheng fo 成佛
557.
de fo 得佛 , fo zhi dao 佛之道 , Buddhahood
Chen Guofu 陳果夫
464
chengxin 誠信 (uprightness and fidelity; sincerity and reliability; honest trust, belief; sincere faith; sincerely believe)
75, 91, 197, 239–240, 251, 254, 256–258, 296–298, 303, 610
Cheng Yen (Zhengyan) 證嚴
27, 406, 524, 526, 530–531, 541, 543, 556
Cheng Yi 程颐
272
chenhui 瞋恚
144n83, (anger) 175.
dveṣa
Chen Wenyuan 陳文淵
454
Chen Yuanbai 陳元白
402
Chen Yunhe 陳雲鶴
346
chi 恥 (sense of shame)
221, 292
Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi 蔣介石 )
385, 400–401, 463, 471, 486
Chikazumi Jōkan 近角常観
378–379
Chinese (Lunar) New Year
569, 577, 580, 592
Chinese Buddhist Association. see Zhongguo fojiao hui 中國佛教會
chongbai 崇拜 (worship)
470
chongjiao 寵教 (revealed theology)
265n42, 283.
theology, revealed
chongxin(zhe) 崇信 (者 ) (worship, worshipper)
342, 505, 506n34
chongxin kexue 崇信科學 (worship science)
508
Christian mission/ missionaries
9–10, 21, 172, 310, 313, 444–445, 447, 453, 457, 473, 502, 615–616
Christianity (Jidujiao 基督教 ) passim
4, 20, 22, 25, 27, 33, 36, 39–41, 43, 47, 49, 52–54, 177–178, 227, 234–235, 242, 246–247, 249–250, 275, 282–283, 309–310, 312–313, 316–321, 323, 325, 327, 329, 330–332, 334–335, 345, 348, 350–355, 360, 366, 368–369, 371, 373, 377, 380, 391, 393, 398–399, 406, 419, 421, 425, 427, 429, 433, 446, 449–451, 453, 455, 457, 462, 471–472, 474, 487, 497, 515, 584, 588–589, 595–596, 600, 604, 613, 616.
Jingjiao 景教
Chuci 楚辭
206
chuji zongjiao 初級宗教 (primitive religion)
449.
Yuanren zhi zongjiao 原人之宗教
cibei 慈悲 (compassion and mercy)
396, 406
ci’en 慈恩
153.
Yogācāra
Cihang 慈航
397–399, 611n4
civilization
174, 314, 327, 331, 348, 465, 416–417, 419–420, 423, 426–428, 434, 455n25, 479, 596, 600–601
Cixi 慈禧
340
classical texts
253, 265–266, 269, 283, 334
Clement of Alexandria
40
cognitive agent
17, 81–82, 95–97, 101
collective testimonies (of divine efficacy)
577–580
colonialism, colonial
174, 335, 403, 404n82
communal hegemony
580, 584
communism
466–467, 472, 586
Communist Party, Chinese (CCP)
27, 584, 586, 589–590, 593–595, 596, 598, 613
community of believers
475, 487, 580–581, 584
comparative religion
309, 329, 404n82, 407n90, 440n10, 441, 444–446, 449, 455–456, 567, 613
complement
clausal ~
81–82, 84, 87, 96, 101
nominal ~
81, 87, 100
Comte, Auguste
466, 613
concentration
132, 134n42, 176, 180, 199.
dinggen 定根 , dingli 定力
conceptual history
7–8, 14, 31–32, 175, 193, 414n3.
Begriffsgeschichte
confidence
3, 23, 27, 70, 78, 80, 88–90, 94, 105, 125, 131n26, 132–135, 139–140, 151, 229–230, 277, 324, 332, 385, 395, 396n41, 465, 504, 506, 409, 511, 513, 523, 529, 530, 531, 535, 542–543, 545–546, 551, 553–563, 586, 611, 614
having/ putting confidence in ~
105, 504, 513, 542
~ in reality
125, 132–135, 139, 151.
see xinjie 信解
mutual ~. see huxin 互信
nation’s confidence in her own ability
324
public ~. see gongxin 公信
raise faith (confidence). see qi xin 起信 self-confidence, xin 信 , xinxin 信心
Confucianism
280, 290, 293, 295, 331, 345, 369, 371, 390–391, 396, 398–399, 406, 417–420, 421n33, 425, 427, 429, 433, 443–444, 450–451, 453–455, 462, 474, 490, 497, 499, 554
儒 , rujiao 儒教
Confucius (Kongzi 孔子 )
71–72, 265, 267–269, 273, 294, 300, 372, 396, 418–419, 424n44, 426, 431n74, 448–449, 452, 474–475, 481, 504, 507
consciousness
49–50, 272, 421, 449–450, 479, 594
religious ~
25, 449–450
Consciousness-Only, self-consciousness
Consciousness-Only, Only-Consciousness (weishi 唯識 , thought, school)
136, 152n112, 392, 395.
Yogācāra
contractual nature of belief
17–18, 105, 120–121, 610
contractual obligations
216
covenant
17, 71, 73n34, 116–117, 119–121.
meng 盟
credible
28, 62, 288, 565, 587
credit
19, 222, 565, 584–585
credo / credere
19, 39, 40, 52, 222, 254, 258, 347, 566, 609, 615
credo-centrism (Judeo-Christian)
566
credo quia absurdum
192, 216
credo ut intelligam
15, 216
Creed
21–22, 39, 248–251, 253–259, 264, 266, 272, 289, 297, 299, 325, 340, 348–354, 356–357, 376, 445, 462, 476, 511, 612, 616
Islamic ~
289, 297, 299.
ʿaqīda Apostles’ Creed
creedal, credal
25, 160, 349, 351–353, 462, 469, 475–476, 486, 490
cultural imperialism
174
Cultural Revolution
547, 581–582, 602
cuowu de xinyang 錯誤的信仰 (wrong faith)
388
customs
264n38, 313–314, 317, 566, 590, 592, 610.
fengsu 風俗
Cyprian of Carthage
39
Dadao jialingjie 大道家令戒
17, 108, 110–111
Dai Jitao 戴季陶
472, 476n57
daigyō 大行 (Great Practice)
189
Daikyō senpu undō 大教宣布運動 (Great Promulgation Campaign)
370
daishin 大信 (Great Faith)
189.
daxin 大信
dao 道
17–18, 20, 61–62, 114–115, 119–121, 219, 221, 232–233, 238, 295, 316n26, 317–318, 344–346, 388, 392, 477, 497–498, 501–502, 504–506, 508–517, 612, 614
believing in the ~. see xin dao 信道 , xin shengdao 信聖道
heavenly ~. see tiandao 天道
human ~. see rendao 人道
~ of alchemical methods
114
~ of Buddha
208, 234n29, 388, 532.
Buddhism, fodao 佛道 , fo zhi dao 佛之道 , fo zhi da dao 佛之大道
~ of Former Heaven. see Xiantiandao 先天道
~ of Jesus
345
~ of Loyalty and Fidelity. see zhongxin zhi dao 忠信之道
~ of saving the country. see jiu guo zhi dao 救國之道
~ of the sages
269
see king the ~.see qiudao 求道
sacred ~. See shengdao 聖道 , shōdō 聖道 (Holy Path)
181
fa dao 法道 , shou dao 守道 , wei dao 違道 , xing dao 行道 , xiu dao 修道 , xue dao 學道
Dao’an 道安
140, 207
Daochuo 道綽
179–182, 192
Daoyan 道衍
198
Daoyuan 道院
449, 516
Daśabhūmika-sūtra
187
Daśabhūmika-vibhāṣā
147, 166, 187
Dasheng qixin lun or Dacheng qixin lun 大乘起信論 (The Awakening of Faith)
22, 154, 158–159, 162, 330–331, 405, 445
danxin 單信 (faith)
342
daode 道德 (morality)
424, 448, 504n24, 506n34, 508n44
da Rocha, João (Luo Ruwang 羅儒望 )
256
Darijing 大日經
134–135, 430
da shandi fa 大善地法 (wholesome mental factors)
94, 130, 176.
kuśala-mahā-bhūmika
datong 大同 (Great Unity)
391, 399, 418n17, 480–481, 505, 506n34
da wo 大我 (Great Self)
429
daxin 大信
100, 218, 276–277, 284.
daishin 大信
dayi 大醫 (Great Physician)
177
dayiwang 大醫王 (Great King of Physicians)
177
dazhangfu 大丈夫 (a masculine hero with noble qualities)
27, 546, 548–552, 554–556, 558, 561–562
de 德 (virtue)
61–62, 66–69, 74, 86, 89, 90–91, 137, 147, 219, 254, 262, 266, 274, 301, 347, 485, 507n38.
bade 八德 (eight virtues), daode 道德 (morality), gongde 功德 (merit, meritorious practices), xinde 信德 (virtue of belief)
de Certeau, Michel
105, 120
death
145, 151, 170, 182, 188, 202, 206, 209, 220, 236, 239, 252–253, 260, 263–264, 294, 299, 325, 333, 357, 370–371, 377, 394, 413, 421, 423, 426, 428, 429–434, 445n25, 464, 476, 483, 581–582, 599, 606, 611
dedicatory flags/ banners/ plaques
571–576
de dao 得道 (obtain the Way)
18, 106–107, 109, 113, 120, 502n17, 504n28
de fo 得佛
138n55, 181.
Buddhahood, cheng fo 成佛 , fo zhi dao 佛之道
deities
27, 104, 106, 116, 119–120, 198n9, 260, 370, 392, 395, 397, 406, 503, 507, 512, 565–572, 577, 580–581, 583–584.
shen 神
de jiu 得救
344, 471, 473
de Pantoja, Diego (Pang Diwo 龐迪我 )
248, 255–256
de Prémare, Joseph Henry-Marie (Ma Ruose 馬若瑟 )
248
Descartes, René
45
desire to be born
181, 184
dharma
95–96, 99, 115, 130, 133, 137, 139, 149n101, 157, 159, 175–176, 181–182, 187, 189–190, 201, 331, 386, 388, 390, 391n25, 396, 402, 405, 504, 513, 531, 535, 547–548, 556–557, 559–561.
fa 法
Dharmākara
179, 184, 188, 374, 379
Dharmaratna (Zhu Falan 竺法蘭 )
200, 233
Dharmarakṣa (Zhu Fahu 竺法護)
126, 136–137, 141n71, 143n76, 232n24
diannawu 電那勿 (believer, bearer of the dēn)
240–241
differentiation, institutional and functional
415, 418–419
diligence
187, 523, 543
dîn
5.
kyōhō 教法 , kyōmon 教門 , religion, shūkyō 宗教 , zongjiao 宗教
Ding Fubao 丁福保
507
dinggen 定根 (concentration)
176
dingli 定力 (concentration)
128n17, 134n42, 176
Ding Yan 丁彥
293
Dīrghāgama
176
divine efficacy
27, 565, 572, 575
divine power(s)
198n9, 209, 568
divine retribution
299, 581–582, 584
Doctrina Christiana
249–250, 253–254, 259, 264
donation (to temples as gesture of thanksgiving)
533–534, 543, 547, 573, 575–577, 580
Dongchu 東初
400–401, 406
donor (to temples)
575
du-a 覩阿 (duʿāʾ, invocation of God)
289
duḥkha
175.
ku shengdi 苦聖諦 , suffering
Duns Scotus, John
42–43
Dutch Studies
364–365.
rangaku 蘭学
duxin 篤信 (to believe truly)
218, 255, 342, 504n28
dveṣa. see chenhui 瞋恚
Early Middle Chinese
16–17, 78, 80, 82, 86–90, 92–94, 99, 101–102, 614
eightfold correct path, eightfold holy path
127n12, 176.
āryāṣṭaṇga-mārga, bashengdao 八聖道 , bazhengdao 八正道
ekâdaśa-kuśala
176.
shiyi shan 十一善 (eleven wholesome mental factors)
enjiao 恩教 (revealed theology)
264–265, 283.
theology, revealed
enlightenment
27, 127–128, 129n20, 135, 142, 145, 147–148, 150n108, 156, 159–160, 189, 204, 232, 331, 514, 527, 549, 551, 556–557
attaining/ to attain ~
27, 160, 331, 556–557
nirvāṇa/ Nirvana
Enlightenment, the (era)
31, 45–46, 48–49, 53–54, 315, 361, 372n26, 614, 615n13
early ~
45, 372n26
European ~
615n13
late ~
361
enzetsu 演説 (religious discourses)
364
enshin 圓信 (believing perfectly)
511
entangled histories / entangled history
174, 192
erzong yi 二宗義 (two principles in Manichaeism)
241
Eternal (Venerable) Mother. see Wusheng Laomu 無生老母 , Shangdi 上帝
ethnocentric views
174
evolution (concept), evolutionary process/ progress/ progression
24, 249, 327, 415, 417, 419, 421, 452, 455–456, 477, 567
evolutionary theory/ theories
413–416, 420, 420n26, 421, 422–425, 428–430, 432–434, 456, 506
evolutionist, evolutionism, evolutionistic
419–421, 427, 431, 444, 448, 450, 453–455, 613
Experiencer Subject Psych Verb
81–82, 102
fa 法
61–62, 86, 95–96, 99, 109, 111, 112n35, 114–115, 117–119, 127, 130–132, 133n35–36, 134n38, 137n54, 138n56, 139, 145n85, 146n91, 157n133–135, 176, 181, 188, 219, 237n43–47, 280, 299, 318, 388, 389n18, 402n71, 465n13, 499n4, 513n62, 594n25, 532, 535, 557, 559–560.
dharma
fa dao 法道
109, 112n34
Fafang 法舫
394
Fahui 法慧
202, 204
faith passim
(by) ~ alone
15, 44, 75, 125, 140–142, 145, 147, 172.
sola fide, yin xin cheng yi 因信称义
~ as general/ universal human capacity
15, 22, 25, 334, 439, 441–442, 452, 455
~ as trusting in invisible truths
611
~ as what is not seen, or in relation to (not) seeing
252, 256, 377, 397–398, 611n3
~ based on self-power. see jiriki no shin 自力ノ信
Buddhist ~
80, 102, 139, 151, 375, 391, 394, 403–404, 426–428, 433, 546
Christian ~
6n13, 31, 37, 40–41, 43–44, 46–51, 140, 229, 249, 251, 257n29, 264, 281, 283, 309–310, 313, 319, 340, 347, 351, 450–452, 471, 612
deep ~
137–138, 155, 185–186, 188, 191, 504, 561.
shenxin 深信
doctrine of ~
31, 46, 51, 53.
Glaubenslehre
have faith in
6n13, 176, 290, 299, 320, 353, 516, 529, 531, 543
imperturbable ~
183
~ in deities/ spirits
392, 406.
xin shen 信神 , xinyang shenqi 信仰神祇
~ in God
35–37, 39, 42, 45, 297, 318, 321, 324–325, 333, 342, 353, 454.
tiandao 天道 , xinzhu 信主
~ in the saṅgha
159, 388.
xin seng 信僧
~ in the three jewels
175–176.
xin sanbao 信三寶
irrational ~
39, 392, 445.
irrational belief, religion as irrational
joyful, joyous ~
176–177, 181, 184–185.
shingyō 信樂 , xinle 信樂
~ mission
310, 313
national ~
595–596, 602.
guojiao 國教 (national ideology/ state religion)
religious ~
25, 46–50, 246, 333, 351, 426–428, 433–434, 443, 445–446, 452–453, 455–456, 513, 604
resolute ~. see myōshin 明信
efficacy of ~
322, 331
root of ~. see xingen 信根
power of ~. see xinli 信力
religion of ~. see xinyang de zongjiao 信仰的宗教
unperturbed ~. see xinren 信忍 adhimukti, belief, daishin 大信 , fides, Glaube, haimanuta, new faith, pistis πίστις , prasāda, shin 信 , shinkō 信仰 , śraddhā, wāfarīft, xin 信 , xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
Faju 法炬
126
Fan Gunong 范古農
390n20, 395
fangbian 方便 , fangbian shanqiao 方便善巧
177, 188, 332, 392, 396.
upāya, upāya-kauśalya, skillful means
fa puti xin 發菩提心 (aspiration to attain Buddhahood)
176.
bodhi-citta-utpāda
fascism
466–467
faxin 法信 (pledges)
117–118, 120
Fayuan 法願
207
Fazun 法尊
387–388, 406
fei jidujiao yundong 非基督教運動 (anti-Christian movement)
356, 393, 444, 456
fei zongjiao yundong 非宗教運動 (antireligion movement)
393, 444, 456
Fénelon, François
372–373
Feng Yuxiang 馮玉祥
454
fengjian mixin 封建迷信 (feudal superstitions)
566, 584
fengshui 風水
510
fengsu 風俗 (customs)
566.
customs
fenti 分體 (individual bodies)
421
fenxin 分信 (specific faith)
299
Feuerbach, Ludwig
14, 49–51, 55
fides
4, 14–15, 19, 39, 42–43, 52, 54, 175, 192, 211, 257, 264, 278, 361, 455, 609, 611–612, 615–616.
adhimukti, belief, daishin 大信 , faith, Glaube, haimanuta, pistis πίστις, prasāda, shin 信 , shinkō 信仰 , śraddhā, wāfarīft, xin 信 , xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
fides acquisita
43
fides infusa
43
fides qua creditur
257, 278, 612
fides quae creditur
257, 264, 278, 612, 616,
Finney, Charles
322–324
First World War
434, 466–467
Five Constants. see wuchang 五常
five grave offenses
181, 187, 190–191.
gogyaku 五逆 , wuni 五逆
five powers. see wuli 五力 .pañca-balāni
five roots. see wugen 五根 .pañcānām indriyāṇām
floating signifier
28, 442, 446, 587, 592, 603, 606
Fo 佛 , Fotuo 佛陀
95–97, 142, 176, 178, 184, 231, 261, 531, 553, 557, 571n12.
Buddha, hotoke 佛 , Śākyamuni, Shaka 釋迦 , Siddhārtha Gautama
fodao 佛道 (Buddhism, Buddhist practices)
234n29, 532
fohua yundong 佛化運動 Buddhicization movement
399
Fojiao Ciji jijin hui 佛教慈濟基金會 . see Tzu Chi Foundation
Fojiao zhengxin hui 佛教正信會
401–403.
Buddhist Right Faith Society
folk opera
577, 579
Former Heaven
499, 501–503.
Xiantiandao 先天道
Forty-eight Vows
184, 186
Fotiao 佛調
201n14, 206
Fotudeng 佛圖澄
207
Foucault, Michel
7–8, 440n7
foxing 佛性
94, 157n139.
Buddha nature
fo zhi da dao 佛之大道 (Buddhism)
280
fo zhi dao 佛之道 (Buddhahood)
388.
Buddhahood, cheng fo 成佛 , de fo 得佛
freedom of religion/ religious belief
23, 363–364, 367, 372–373, 424, 443, 463.
shinkyō no jiyū 信教の自由 , xinjiao ziyou 信教自由
fu 符 (tally)
136n50230, 510n48
fu 孚 (to inspire confidence)
230
fude yinyuan 福德因緣 (causes of meritorious virtues)
147
Fukuyama, Francis
468
fukyō 布教 (propagating a religion)
364
Furtado, Francisco (Fu Fanji 傅汎際 )
258
fuyin 福音 (gospel)
471, 473, 475, 587
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand
479
ganqing 感情 (emotions, feelings)
390
ganqing shenghuo 感情生活 (emotional life)
452
Gao Zhanxiang 高占祥
589
Garcia, Juan (Shi Ruohan 施若翰 )
259
Ge Hong 葛洪
112–113, 117, 120
Genchi 源智
182
genealogy of religion
global ~
3, 5–7, 14, 609
global and local ~
440
Gentz, Joachim
16–17, 61–77, 102, 341n2, 474, 485n87, 609–610, 614
geyi 格義 (matching concepts)
232
gishin 偽信 (false faith)
372
giving thanks (to deities)
565.
thanksgiving
giwaku 疑惑
184.
yi 疑 , yihuo 疑惑
Glaube
14, 47–48, 51, 54, 229, 451.
adhimukti, belief, daishin 大信 , fides, haimanuta, pistis πίστις , prasāda, shin 信 , shinkō 信仰 , śraddhā, wāfarīft, xin 信 , xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
Glaube, neuer (new faith)
51
Glaubenslehre
46–47, 53
global, globalization, globalized
3, 5, 7, 11–14, 174, 287, 320, 328–335, 354, 380, 388, 397, 439–440, 466, 491, 524, 591, 595–597, 615–617.
global (and local) genealogy of religion
global genealogies (of xin 信 )
10–12, 614, 617
globalized meaning of belief
174–175, 361
glocal(ization)
12–13
gogyaku 五逆
181, 187, 190–191.
wuni 五逆 , five grave offenses
gongde 功德 (merit, meritorious practices)
133n36, 157n134, 184, 256n60, 387n8, 504, 523, 532, 539
gongxin 公信 (public confidence)
465
gratitude for divine benevolence
572
Great Promulgation Campaign. see Daikyō senpu undō 大教宣布運動
Griffin, Roger
467
Griffis, William Elliot
374
guan 觀 (view)
141, 418
guanxin 觀心 (contemplating the mind)
156–157
Guangxue hui 廣學會 (Society for the Diffusion of Christian and General Knowledge Among the Chinese, SDCK)
314–315, 447
Guanyin 觀音 (Avalokiteśvara)
126, 196–197, 540, 571n12
guixin 歸信 (to submit to and have faith in)
200, 290, 296, 298–299
guiyang 歸仰 (taking refuge to)
236
guiyi 皈依 (taking refuge)
544
guizhen 歸真 (returning to the truth)
295–296
guofu 國父 (Father of the Nation)
484, 490.
Sun Yat-sen
guojiao 國教 (national ideology / state religion)
391, 462
Guomindang 國民黨 , GMD
21, 25, 449, 452n50, 461–463, 465–466, 469–472, 474–476, 478–483, 485–491, 613, 617.
National Party
Gurudharma. see bajingfa 八敬法 (Eight Principal Rules)
haimanuta
227, 234.
adhimukti, belief, daishin 大信 , faith, fides, Glaube, pistis πίστις , prasāda, shin 信 , shinkō 信仰 , śraddhā, wāfarīft, xin 信 , xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
Han Lin 韓霖
248, 278
hanshin hangi 半信半疑
511.
banxin banyi 半信半疑
Hartenstein, Karl
461, 464
Heart Sūtra. see Xinjing 心經
Heheben 和合本 (Union bible)
341
He Lin 贺麟
590, 605
He Yingqin 何應欽
486–487
healing
139–140, 197, 510, 611
Heaven. see tian 天
Heavenly Master(s)
17, 106, 108, 110, 112n33, 113, 115n47–48, 117, 121
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
14, 48–49, 51, 168n20, 450, 566
Heilong dawang 黑龍大王
567, 578–579, 581, 583.
Black Dragon King
higher religions
450, 453–454, 456
hīnayāna
418.
xiaosheng 小乘
Hindu, Hinduism
360, 616
histoire croisée
192
Hōnen 法然
146, 173, 180–186, 191–192
Hōnen-bō Genkū 法然房源空
180
Hongdao 弘道
203–205
Hong Yun 洪筠
470
honghuo 紅火 (excitement and fun, red-hot sociality)
577
honoring one’s vow
577
honoring one’s word
216–217
Hōrikibō 法力房
183
hotoke 佛 (仏 )
172, 186–187.
Buddha, Fo 佛 , Fotuo 佛陀 , Śākyamuni, Shaka 釋迦 , Siddhārtha Gautama
Huayanjing 華嚴經 (Flower Garland (or Ornament) Sutra)
18, 129, 133, 138, 147, 148n99, 154, 504
Huayan 華嚴 (school of Buddhism)
153
Hu Hanmin 胡漢民
470
Hu Shi 胡適
21, 24, 434, 446n29, 616
huxin 互信 (mutual confidence)
465
hu xin luan xin 胡信亂信 (believing purposelessly and wildly)
510
Huainanzi 淮南子
206
Huaijun 懷濬
208
Huangpu 黃埔 Military Academy
465
huanyuan bushi 還願布施 (ex-voto donations)
573
Hu Dengzhou 胡登洲
288
hui 慧 (wisdom)
126, 132, 157n133, 177, 190.
bore 般若 , prajñā
huigen 慧根 (insight)
176
huili 慧力 (insight)
176, 190
huixiang 廻向 (Returning of Merit)
178.
puṇyapariṇāmanā
Huiyuan 慧遠
179
Huxley, Thomas
416, 429
Ichimai kishōmon 一枚起請文 (One Sheet Document)
185, 192
iconoclastic
356
igyōdō 易行道 (Path of Easy Practice)
182
Ikkōshū 一向宗
172–173
illness
115, 401, 568, 577
īmān
21, 288–289, 295–297, 299.
yi-ma-na 以瑪納
Immeasurable Life. see Wuliangshoufo 無量壽佛
Immeasurable Light. see Wuliangguangfo 無量光佛
Inoue Kowashi 井上毅
363
insight
34, 40, 94, 99, 131n26, 132, 150n108, 158, 175–176, 183–184, 201, 203–205, 207, 210, 273, 289, 312, 313, 378, 428, 431, 501, 561
intellectus, intellegere
15, 40, 42, 611
intensional
81–82, 84, 102
invisible
40, 119, 207, 210, 531, 550, 610–612.
(faith as) trust in invisible entities/ truths. faith as what we do not see / what is not seen
ishin 依信 (depend upon and belive in)
369
Islam
19, 21, 31, 287–303, 497, 584, 595-596, 615
Itō Hirobumi 伊藤博文
363
Japan
13, 21–24, 146, 172, 235, 321, 332, 362, 365, 367–368, 373–375, 379–380, 385, 413, 421, 443–446, 462–463, 614
Jesus, Jesus Christ (Yesu 耶穌 )
4, 15, 37–38, 47, 52, 140, 238, 250–251, 257–258, 263, 265, 268, 277, 280, 282n66, 283, 316n28, 319, 320–321, 324, 333, 342, 344n15, 345, 350–355, 357, 391–392, 454, 471–472, 567, 594, 611, 616
jianding 堅定 (firm, steadfastness)
520n52, 516n72, 532, 553, 555, 557–558
jianxin 見信 (trust in the [right] view)
85, 240
jianxin 堅信 (to establish in the faith, strengthen faith)
342, 502
jianxinli 堅信禮 (the rite of Confirmation)
342
Jiaye Moteng 迦葉摩騰 . see Kāśyapa Mātaṅga
Jiang Shaoyuan 江紹原
444, 445n25
Jiang Tesheng 蔣特生
400
Jiaohui xinbao 教會新報 (The Church Times)
341, 346
Jiao Yitang 焦易堂
475
jiazhi 價值 / 价值 (worth)
591
jiazhiguan 價值觀 / 价值观
590–591, 595
jibai 祭拜 (to offer sacrifice to one’ s ancestors)
592
jie解 (explaining, understanding)
18, 97, 132, 135n46, 137–139, 150n108–109, 268, 473, 508n41.
xinjie 信解 (confidence in reality)
jiemo 羯磨 . see karma, ye 業
jietuo 解脫 (liberation)
132, 157n133, n135, n139, 237n47, 240n59, 429, 540
jing 驚 (surprise)
198, 201, 205–208
jing 敬 (respectful, revere, reverent)
90–91, 96, 157n132, 184, 204. 215–217, 236n41, 293, 295, 507m38, 571–572
Jin’gang Zhi 金剛智 . see Vajrabodhi
jinghua 淨化 (purification)
388
Jingjiao 景教 (Nestorian Church)
20, 54, 227, 234–239, 429n63, 280, 615.
Christianity
jingjingen 精進根 (exertion)
176
jingjinli 精進力 (exertion)
128n17, 134n42, 176
jingshen 精神 (spirit)
327, 353, 388, 401, 418, 430, 462, 484, 508, 510, 516, 571, 580, 587.
zongjiao jingshen 宗教精神
jingshen 敬神 (pay respect to the deity)
503n22, 569, 571, 580.
paying respect to deities
jingshen weisheng 精神卫生 (spiritual hygiene)
587
jingxin 敬信 (devoutly believe)
97, 200, 218, 342
jingyan 經驗 (experience)
448.
zongjiao jingyan 宗教經驗 (religious experience)
jingyi 淨益 (purify)
400
jiriki 自力 (self-power)
177, 182–183, 377.
self-power
jiriki no shin 自力ノ信 (faith based on self-power)
183
jiuguo 救國 (rescuing the nation)
385, 396–397, 398n54, 399, 402n72, 464, 474–475, 482, 505–506n34
jiu guo zhi dao救國之道 (way of saving the country)
477
jiu linghun 救靈魂 (saving a man’s spirit)
316
jiushi 救世 (saving the world)
315–318, 325, 402n72, 473–475
Jiushizi 救世子 (Master who Saves the World)
316–317, 325
Jiushi jiaoyi 救世教益 (On the Benefits of the Teaching that Saves the World)
315–317
jiuji 救濟 (providing relief)
474
Jōdo shinshū 淨土眞宗 (The True Pure Land School)
18–19, 173, 362, 374–376, 377n43, 379–380.
True Pure Land Buddhism
Jōdoshū 淨土宗 (School of the Pure Land)
18, 180.
Pure Land Buddhism
ju 懼 (fear)
198, 201–202, 205, 276, 297, 318, 485
Ju Zheng 居正
472
Judeo-Christian theological baggage
566
juedui de xinyang 絕對的信仰 (absolute belief; firmly believe)
392, 470
juewu zixing de xin 覺悟自性的信 (awakening of one’s own (Buddha) nature)
392
Kafarov, Pyotr Ivanovich (Palladius)
290
Kaiseijo 開成所
364
Kang Senghui 康僧會
200–201, 205
Kang Youwei 康有為
315, 341, 417, 418n18, 419, 424n45, 425n48, 480n68
Kant, Immanuel
46, 54, 448, 451
kaozheng 考證 , kaozhengxue 考證學 (evidential scholarship)
21, 615
karma
19, 136,142–143, 177, 186, 202, 209–210, 416, 429–430, 433, 550.
jiemo 羯磨 , ye 業
karmic
177, 186–187, 201–203, 207–208, 238, 369, 507, 511, 513, 545, 551, 554, 560
~ burden, evil, hindrances
186–187, 201–203, 545, 551, 560
~ causality, laws of cause and effect
208, 369
~ insight
201
~ retribution
177, 507, 511
Kāśyapa Mātaṅga (Jiaye Moteng 迦葉摩騰 )
200, 233
Katō Hiroyuki 加藤弘之
364–365, 367, 373, 439n68
keiken 経験 (experimenting)
378.
jingyan 經驗 (experience), zongjiao jingyan 宗教經驗 (religious experience)
kexin 可信 (trustworthy, authentic)
21, 86, 95, 233n28, 279–281, 300
kexue 科學 (science)
386, 389, 393–394, 401n68, 462, 481n73, 505–506, 508, 509n45, 516n71
kexue mixin 科學迷信 (scientific superstition, scientific attitude towards superstition)
393
Kidd, Benjamin
420–425
ki 帰 (return)
376
kie 帰依 (conviction)
364, 377
kimyō 帰命 (entrusting one’s life [in the Buddha])
376
King of Physicians. see yiwang 醫王
Koselleck, Reinhart
7–8, 175, 414, 416
ku shengdi 苦聖諦
175.
duḥkha, suffering
kuji shengdi 苦集聖諦 (arising of suffering)
175.
samudaya
kumie daoji shengdi 苦滅道跡聖諦 (path to the cessation of suffering)
176.
mārga
kumie shengdi 苦滅聖諦 (cessation of suffering)
176.
nirodha
kuśala-mahā-bhūmika. see da shandi fa 大善地法
Kuṣāṇa dynasty
178
ku wo 苦我 (bitter self)
426n53
Kyōbushō 教部省 (Ministry for Instruction)
368
kyōhō 教法 (religion)
364–365, 372
kyōmon 教門 (religion)
365–366
Laozi 老子
16, 63, 106, 108, 449, 452
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
45, 79n4
Lei Feng 雷锋
587
le wo 樂我 (joyous self)
426n53
li 禮 (ritual)
16, 61–62, 65–66, 69–71, 74, 91, 95, 217, 221, 247, 262, 272, 291–292, 294, 295, 342, 390
libai 禮拜 (worship practices)
397, 462, 186, 487
libairi 禮拜日 (Sunday)
347
li 理 (reason, principle)
21, 91, 216, 252–253, 255, 261, 263, 266, 268, 276, 278–279, 283, 297, 501n9–14, 506n37, 507n38, 508n44, 516n71, 615.
qiongli 窮理
lizhi de zongjiao 理智的宗教 (religion of reason and intellect)
392
Li Hongzhang 李鴻章
316
Li Xiangping 李向平
592, 605
Li Yinchen 李隱塵
402
lian 廉 (integrity)
221, 292
Liang Qichao 梁啟超 (梁启超 )
21, 24, 26, 315, 351n36, 413–434, 443, 445, 589, 591, 595–596, 598, 616
lianmin 怜愍 (compassion)
240
lianshe 蓮社 (Lotus Societies)
179
liangzhi 良知
265, 599
liangxin 良心
591, 599
Liji 禮記 (Book of Rites)
74, 86, 87, 90–92, 106n13, 116, 266, 267n45
liliang 力量 (strength)
588
Lin Delin 林德林
403, 404n78
Lin Sen 林森
472
Lincoln, Abraham
425n48, 481
linear view of history
414, 434
ling 靈 (magical efficacy, efficacious)
568, 572, 583
linghun 靈魂 (灵魂 ) (soul)
430, 587
lingying 靈應 (efficacious response)
568, 571
Lingbao 靈寳
114n43–44, 117–119
Liu Xiaobo 劉曉波 (刘晓波 )
28, 587, 597, 599, 601–603, 605–606
Liu Zhi 劉智
21, 293–295, 298, 300–301, 303
lizhi de zongjiao 理智的宗教 (a religion of reason and intellect)
392
Li Zhizao 李之藻
265, 269–272
Li Zhifu 李志夫
152
Locke, John
45
Longshu 龍樹 . see Nāgārjuna
Lotus Sūtra
95, 97, 126, 133, 232n24, 331–332, 541, 550.
Miaofa lianhua jing 妙法蓮華經
Lunyu 論語 (Analects)
16, 63, 71–73, 89, 106n12, 265, 268–269, 272, 344, 485, 504, 505n29, 507, 509, 510n47, 515
Lu Xiujing 陸修靜
118
Lu Xun 魯迅
488–489, 598
lunhui 輪迴 (the transmigration of the soul)
151, 158, 261, 429, 503n20, 507n38, 511n57, 516n70.
saṃsāra
Luther, Martin
15, 31, 43–46, 53–54, 172, 360, 374, 403
Lutheran(ism), Lutheran church
23, 44, 44n32, 54, 172, 188, 309–310, 360–361, 615
Lüshi Chunqiu 呂氏春秋
84, 206
Lüzong 律宗 (Vinaya school)
547
Mahāyāna
94, 133, 146, 148–149, 151, 152n112, 153–154, 176–178, 331–332, 387, 396, 400–401, 402n72
Maitreya (Mile 彌勒 / Milefo 彌勒佛 )
126–127n8, 140–141, 143–145, 147, 149, 184, 327, 514
mappō末法 (Dharma Ending Age)
146, 181–189, 331.
mofa 末法
mārga. see kumie daoji shengdi 苦滅道跡聖諦
Marx, Karl
14, 49–50, 55, 422, 466, 468n20, 470, 480–481
Marxism
15, 50n55, 480, 492, 613, 616
May Fourth Movement
393, 405
Ma Zhu 馬注
293, 298, 300, 303
Mediums. see spirit mediums
Meiji Constitution
23, 362–363, 366–367, 373
Meiroku zasshi 明六雑誌
365, 367, 373
Meirokusha 明六社
365
Mencius (Mengzi 孟子 )
265, 317, 418n17, 475
meng 盟
17, 73n34, 116–118.
covenant
merit
38, 68, 86, 95, 129, 134, 142, 172, 177–178, 184–185, 187, 189, 216, 233, 240, 259, 263, 274, 291, 310, 319, 424, 426, 476, 504
metaphors
8n17, 266, 272, 276, 283
Miaofa lianhua jing 妙法蓮華經 . see Lotus Sūtra
Mile 彌勒 . see Maitreya
Mill, John Stuart
366
mind
94, 112, 119, 127–130, 135–137, 140, 145, 146n90, 152, 152n112, 154–158, 185–186, 188–191, 204, 232–233, 240–241, 293, 297–299, 302, 327, 348, 353, 364, 390, 427, 502, 506, 509, 553, 588
~ -and-heart, mind-heart, heart-mind
99, 119, 263, 265–267, 270, 294, 312, 345, 370
deep ~
185–186, 191
faithful (or believing) ~
23, 188–189, 191, 291, 294, 297–298, 302, 318n35, 374, 376–377, 380, 500, 546.
shinjin 信心
~ of trust, trustful ~
186, 240–241, 303.
xinxin 信心
original ~
513.
benxin 本心
sincere ~
181, 184, 188–191.
shishin 至心
~ that.Seeks birth by transferring one’s merit
185
threefold ~, three minds
185, 188, 374
single-mindedness
mindfulness
126–127, 129, 134n42, 176.
niangen 念根 , nianli 念力 , nianxin 念心
Four Bases of ~ (si nianchu 四念處 )
127n12
Minghai 明海
550
mingzun 明尊 (supreme divine being)
239
minjian xinyang 民間信仰 (popular religion)
440.
popular religion
minjian zongjiao 民间宗教
605
miracles
197–199, 208–211, 280, 282n66, 319, 321, 323, 345
mi 迷 (strayed)
236n41, 237n43, n46, 278, 282n68, 452, 500n6, 501n12, n14, 512n60
mixin 迷信 (superstition)
24, 282–283n68, 386–398, 400, 404–407, 419, 424, 444, 448–450, 453, 456, 463, 498, 503, 505–507, 510, 529, 643, 566
xin mixin 信迷信 (believing in superstition)
566
superstition, fengjian mixin 封建迷信 (feudal superstitions), pochu mixin 破除迷信 (eradicate superstition)
mixin de zongjiao 迷信的宗教 (superstitious belief / religion)
400
mixin kexue 迷信科學 (blind belief in science)
506
mixin zhu de shen de xin 迷信主的神的信 (a mixin faith centered on the worship of deities)
392
modernization narratives
174
mofa 末法 (Dharma Ending Age)
331, 559–560.
mappō 末法
moha. see yuchi 愚癡
mokao 魔考 (demonic tests, temptations to part from the Dao)
508
Moltmann, Jürgen
54
mo-min 摩敏 . see mu’min
money
321, 332, 394, 477, 508, 510, 533, 536-537, 543, 568-569, 572n14, 576-577, 580, 584
monotheism, monotheistic (faith)
4, 15, 19-20, 37, 47, 49, 54, 140, 295, 299, 303, 309, 448, 452-453, 456, 566, 613, 615–616
Mou Zhongjian 牟钟鉴
589
mu-er-ti-ze-le 木而踢雜勒 . see mu‘tazila
Muḥammad
301
Muirhead, William
342n8
mu’min
296
mu‘tazila
298
myōshin 明信 (resolute faith)
184
mystical, mysticism
289, 296, 352, 444, 450–452, 602
Nāgārjuna (Longshu 龍樹 )
133, 147, 182, 187
Namo Amituofo/ Namu Amida Butsu 南無阿彌陀佛 / 南無阿弥陀仏
142, 172, 182, 185
nangyōdō 難行道 (Path of Difficult Practice)
182
Nanjō Bun’yū 南條文雄
380
nanxin 難信 (hard to believe)
85, 95–97, 501
fojiao/Nan’e Bukkyō 南瀛佛教
388, 404
nation state
23–24, 415, 422n37, 423, 428, 433
National Party. see Guomindang, GMD
Nationalism
23, 391, 401, 422, 479
Nedostup, Rebecca
463, 484
neikao 內考
506
neixin li 內心力 (strong inner self)
353
nenbutsu (nembutsu) 念佛 (念仏 )
146, 179–181, 184, 189–190, 192. See nianfo 念佛
Nestorian Church. see Jingjiao 景教
new belief
24, 446, 613.
new faith, xin xinyang 新信仰
new citizen. see xinmin 新民
new faith
31, 49, 51–52, 456, 596–597, 616.
xin xinyang 新信仰 , Glaube, neuer
New Citizen Movement
600
New Testament
15, 31, 36–39, 43–44, 52–53, 235, 567, 611, 616
nianfo 念佛 (Buddha recollection)
179–180, 395.
nenbutsu 念仏
niangen 念根 (mindfulness)
176
nianli 念力 (mindfulness)
128n17, 134n42, 176
nianxin 念心 (mindfulness)
129
Nichiren 日蓮
331–332
nirodha. see kumie shengdi 苦滅聖諦
nirvāṇa
127, 131n26, 146, 149n101, 153, 157, 159, 175, 177, 180, 188, 232, 504
Nietzsche, Friedrich
422, 597
Nishi Amane 西周
365–367, 373
Nivison, David
482
Niwano Nikkyō 庭野日敬
332
ni-ye-te 你葉忒 (niyyat, intention)
289
non-credal
350
non-retrogression
147, 188, 190
Novatian
39
nyāmāvakrānti. see rudao 入道
offerings
117, 119, 134n38, 184, 390, 579
ōjō jōdo 往生淨土 (Birth into the Pure Land)
181
Only-Consciousness (weishi 唯識 ). see Consciousness-Only.Yogācāra
Opzoomer, Cornelis Willem
366
orders of knowledge
174, 616
orientalist narrative
174
other-power. see tariki 他力
ouhua baihua 歐化白話 (Europeanized-Chinese)
342
Ouyang Jingwu 歐陽竟無
152, 380, 389n19, 403n75
pañca-balāni. see wuli 五力
pañcānām indriyāṇām. see wugen 五根
pariṇāmanā, puṇyapariṇāmanā. see huixiang 廻向
Paramā rtha
131, 154n121, 330.
Zhendi 真諦
Paul (apostle)
15, 38, 108n17, 508
paying respect to deities
569, 571, 578, 580.
jingshen 敬神
Peng Yifa 彭依法
502
philosophy
7, 15, 31–33, 38–42, 45–46, 48–50, 52–54, 72, 211, 301, 356–366, 378–380, 395, 401, 414, 416n12, 419, 424–425, 432, 445, 449, 475, 531, 597–599, 601n56
pistis πίστις
4, 14–15, 31, 455, 609, 616.
adhimukti, belief, daishin 大信 , faith, fides, Glaube, haimanuta, prasāda, shin 信 , shinkō 信仰 , śraddhā, wāfarīft, xin 信 , xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
pisteuein πιστεύειν
4, 15, 33, 36, 609
Plato
32–33, 54, 227
pledges. see faxin 法信 , xinwu 信物
pochu mixin 破除迷信 (eradicate superstition)
444
political discourse
27, 55, 74, 385–386, 479, 562, 586–606
polytheism, polytheistic (belief)
387, 448–450, 452, 589, 613
popular religion
211, 317, 440, 444, 453, 468, 470, 497, 510, 565–566, 568, 570, 581, 584, 589, 592, 615.
minjian xinyang 民間信仰
po sijiu 破四舊 (destroy the four olds)
582
postcolonial criticism
173
postcolonial perspectives / narrative / view
6, 174, 361
prajñā (bore 般若 , perrfect wisdom)
177, 551.
hui 慧
prasāda
186, 227, 232.
adhimukti, belief, daishin 大信 , faith, fides, Glaube, haimanuta, pistis πίστις, shin 信 , shinkō 信仰 , śraddhā, wāfarīft, xin 信 , xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
prayer, prevailing
323
prayers
75, 250, 294, 320, 577, 584
predestination
189
Primal Vow
146, 179–182, 186, 190, 192.
hongan 本願
progress
207, 273–275, 315, 320, 327, 329–330, 332, 334–335, 365, 414–417, 419–420, 422–423, 434, 448, 452, 506, 509, 530, 587, 598, 600
proof for belief
278
Protestantism
31, 46, 48, 53–54, 173, 364, 374–375, 471, 596
Pure Land
18, 22–23, 125, 137, 139–142, 144–147, 153, 173, 177–186, 188–189, 192, 240, 252, 331, 351n36, 362, 368, 380, 388n11, 393, 395, 406n89, 546–548, 555, 560, 614.
Sukhāvatī
Pure Land Buddhism
18, 23, 125, 139–140, 145–147, 173, 175, 177–179, 191, 193, 211, 239, 361, 374.
Jōdoshū 淨土宗
pusa 菩薩
99, 132–134, 138, 144, 147–149, 150n108–109, 158, 234n29, 188, 504n24, 540, 542, 553.
Bodhisattva
Puyi 溥儀
340
qi xin 起信 (raise faith/ confidence)
89–90, 94, 99, 445, 502
Qingzhen zhinan 清真指南
293, 298, 300
Qinglianjiao 青蓮教 (Blue Lotus Sect)
502
qiongli 窮理
263, 280, 283
qiudao 求道 (Seeking the Dao)
95, 501n13, 503n22, 510n52, 512, 513n63
qizhi 氣質 (temperament)
550
quanti 全體 (total body)
421
Queen Mother of the West. see Xiwangmu 西王母
raga. see tanyu 貪欲
rai 頼 (to rely upon)
376
rangaku 蘭学
364.
Dutch studies
ratio
15, 40
reason (in contrast to faith)
20–21, 40, 42–43, 44–46, 48, 53–54, 86, 91, 249–250, 252, 319, 346, 391–393, 445, 450n44, 452, 456, 601n56, 615.
li 理
Red Guards
582
red-hot sociality
577
Reed, Edward James
375
refuge
138–139, 142, 186, 236, 377, 386, 402, 544.
guixin 歸信 (to submit to and have faith in), guiyang 歸仰 (taking refuge to), guiyi 皈依 (taking refuge), guizhen 歸真 (returning to the truth)
Reid, Gilbert
314, 316
religion passim
~ and science
379, 393, 424, 505
~ and/ as superstition/ as mixin
24, 445, 393
~ as attitude. see taidu 態度
~ as faith/ belief /an act of faith
47, 446, 424
~ as irrational (faith or belief)
15, 445–446, 613.
irrational belief, irrational faith
comparative ~
309, 329, 407n90, 440n10, 441, 444–446, 449, 455–456, 467, 613
concept/ idea of ~
14, 47, 360, 417–418, 420, 440n8, 442–423, 425, 467
confessional ~
309, 584
discourse on ~
44
evolution of ~
456
freedom of ~ / freedom of religious belief
23, 363–364, 367, 372–373, 424, 443, 463.
shinkyō no jiyū 信教の自由 , xinjiao ziyou 信教自由
genealogy of ~
3, 5–7, 440, 609.
genealogy of religion
higher ~
450, 453–454, 456, 450, 453–454, 456
~ of efficacious response
568.
lingying 靈應
political ~
25, 461–491
popular ~. see popular religion, minjian xinyang 民間信仰
primitive ~. see yuanren zhi zongjiao 原人之宗教 , chuji zongjiao 初級宗教
state religion
39, 41, 53, 368, 391, 419–420, 462.
guojiao 國教 (national ideology/ state religion)
universal ~
328–329
dîn, kyōhō 教法 , kyōmon 教門 , shūkyō 宗教 , zongjiao 宗教
religiosity
22, 25, 105, 159, 310, 334–335, 362, 450–451, 456, 566–567, 569–570.
zongjiaoxin 宗教心
religious passim
belief
23, 49, 104–105, 124, 309, 314, 344, 363–364, 390, 401, 442–443, 450–452, 463–464, 472, 475, 498, 512–513, 527, 529, 543, 566–567, 569–570, 613.
zongjiao (de) xinyang宗教信仰 , xinjiao 信教 , shinkyō 信教
~ community/ communities
48, 313, 399, 432, 584, 587
~ concepts
214, 413–434, 467, 516
~ consciousness
25, 449, 450.
zongjiao yishi 宗教意識 (religious consciousness)
~ context(s)
14, 32, 80, 102, 229, 231, 311, 440n7–8, 566
~ conversion
526, 543.
Buddhist conversion
~ discourse(s)
21, 23, 364, 442n15, 446, 604
~ experience
15, 22, 25, 54, 326, 331, 334, 439, 441, 451, 456, 523, 616.
zongjiao jingyan 宗教經驗 (religious experience)
~ landscape
242, 311, 335, 499, 570
~ language
33, 52, 469, 476, 609, 617
~ life
19, 26, 27, 32–33, 143n77, 211, 215, 222, 333, 584
~ milieu(s)
9–10, 13, 312, 403, 499, 565, 617
~ movements
21, 26, 497
~ organizations
310n5, 474, 499
~ policy, policies
13, 367, 369, 373, 463, 561, 562
~ practice(s)
27, 108, 143, 335, 363, 463, 474, 497, 504, 516, 565–566, 568, 584, 594
~ studies
14–15, 21, 25, 51, 55, 173n3, 380, 439–457, 613, 616.
zongjiaoxue 宗教學
~ terminology/ terms
5, 26, 102, 316n28, 342, 417, 587
~ thinking/ thought
13, 24, 413n1, 423–426, 428, 434, 450–451.
zongjiao sixiang 宗教思想
~ traditions
309n1, 453, 470, 590, 598–499, 504, 507, 512, 515, 584, 614–615, 617
ren 仁 (benevolence, common-mindedness, humanity)
16, 62, 71, 74, 87, 90–92, 247, 272, 292, 294, 479, 485, 591
ren yi zhi dao 仁義之道
346
sheng ren/ai 生仁 /愛 (growth of charity/ love)
324–325
Renan, Ernest
371
rendao 人道 (human way)
273, 454
ren’ge biaozhun 人格標準 (standard of a moral personality)
449
renjian fojiao 人間佛教
402
renmin you xinyang, guojia you liliang 人民有信仰，国家有力量 (If people have faith, the country has strength)
586
Rennyo 蓮如
376
rensheng fojiao 人生佛教 (Buddhism for the Human Realm)
399–400, 402
renshengguan 人生觀 (general views on life)
448
rensheng zhexue 人生哲學 (humanistic philosophy)
401
renzhu 認主 (acknowledgement in the Lord)
295
revivalism (in Wales)
324
Ricci, Matteo (Li Mado 利瑪竇 )
247, 251–253, 282, 346
Richard, Timothy (Li Timotai 李提摩太 )
21–22, 309, 311–332, 334–335, 346, 420n25, 445
Right Faith Society. see Zhengxin hui 正信會
Risshō Kōseikai 立正佼成会
403
Robertson, Roland
5, 7, 11
Roosevelt, Theodore
448
ru 儒 , rujiao 儒教 (Confucianism, Confucianist)
113, 252, 260, 267, 279, 345n17, 396
rudao 入道 (enter the way to liberation)
176, 504n27.
nyāmāvakrānti
Ruggieri, Michele (Luo Mingjian 羅明堅 )
247, 251
rulai 如來
94, 97, 150n108, 153–154, 184, 189–190.
Tathāgata
rulai zang 如來藏
94, 153–154.
Buddha nature, foxing 佛性 , Tathāgata-garbha (tradition)/ Tathāgata School
Śākyamuni
141–142, 176, 180, 188, 191–192, 395.
Buddha, Fo 佛 , Fotuo 佛陀 , hotoke 佛 , Shaka 釋迦 , Siddhārtha Gautama
samudaya. see kuji shengdi 苦集聖諦
saṃsāra. see lunhui 輪迴
sanbao 三寶 (three jewels)
125, 136, 175–176, 511, 557.
triratna
sandu 三毒 (the three poisons)
175.
tri-viṣa
San Fo zhuyi 三佛主義 (Three Buddhist Principles)
396n47, 399
saṅgha / Sangha. see seng 僧
sanjushin 三種心 (threefold mind)
185
sanmin zhuyi三民主義 (Three People’s Principles)
25, 396n47, 399n58, 461–490
sansheng 三乘 (The Three Vehicles)
290
san shi 三世 (The Three Ages)
417
san xin weiji 三信危機 (triple crisis of xin/ faith)
3, 614
Schleiermacher, Friedrich
14–15, 46–49, 54, 361, 439, 450–452, 455–456
scripture transmission
116, 119
sei 政
364.
zheng政 (governance, government, political)
seigan 誓願
190.
shiyuan 誓願
Seikaku 聖覺
183, 186, 191
seikyō no gosō kankei 政教の互相関係 (relation in which political and religious rights stand toward each other
364
self-conceit
187
self-confidence
465, 529–530, 546, 556–558, 560–561, 563.
confidence, zixin 自信
self-consciousness
47, 49, 50
self-cultivation, self-cultivate
219, 275, 309–310, 352, 475, 479, 485–486, 490, 547, 550, 555, 562.
xiuyang 修養 (cultivation)
self-power
182–183, 186, 189, 192, 375, 377, 393.
jiriki 自力
Senchaku hongan nenbutsu 選擇本願念佛
180–181
seng 僧 (monk, saṅgha)
12, 137, 159, 175, 196n1, 231, 237, 282–283n68, 386, 388, 389n19, 395, 397, 400, 402–403, 611.
saṅgha
Shaka 釋迦
191.
Buddha, Fo 佛 , Fotuo 佛陀 , hotoke 佛 , Śākyamuni, Siddhārtha Gautama
Shandao 善導
145n88, 179–180, 183, 185–186, 192
shanfa yu 善法欲 (craving for the good dharma)
176
Shangdi 上帝 (God, High Lord, One Highest God)
218–219, 253, 273, 318, 343n10, 344n15–345n16, 350, 449, 451–452, 508, 509n45, 515
Shangdi 上帝 (Eternal Mother)
506
Eternal (Venerable) Mother, Xuantian Shangdi 玄天上帝
shan’gen 善根 (wholesome roots)
147, 186, 218, 387n8, 532
Shanghai Xinbao 上海新報
341
shangpin de xinyang 商品的信仰 (business-based belief)
391
shanshu 善書 (morality book)
19, 214–215, 217
Shaonian Zhonguo xuehui 少年中國學會 (Young China Association)
444
shawm band
575–576
shehui zhuyi hexin jiazhiguan 社会主义核心价值观 (socialist core values)
27, 586, 590–591, 596, 603–604
shen 伸
79n8
shen 神 (divine; spirit, deity)
64, 67, 69, 75–76, 86, 89, 113, 197–198, 201, 217, 221, 236n41, 238n50, 260, 263, 269, 270, 282–283n68, 299, 318, 344, 395, 392–393, 397, 453, 485, 503n22, 507n38, 510n48, 512, 565, 569, 571–572, 580, 605.
deities, divine power
shengdao 聖道 (sacred dao)
20, 238.
shōdō 聖道
shengjing 圣经 (bible)
587, 602
shengren 聖人 (sage)
106n13, 269–271, 289, 295, 297, 299, 301–303
shengxin 生信 (growth of faith, generate faith)
138, 324
shenling xianying 神靈顯應 (the divine efficacy has been manifested)
572
shenseng 神僧 (divine/ spirit/ thaumaturge/ miracle-working monks)
19, 197, 209
Shenseng zhuan 神僧傳
19, 197
shensheng 神聖 (“holy”)
485, 605
shentong 神通 (supernatural competence)
207.
abhijñā
shenxin 深信 (profound/ deep faith, deep/ firm belief)
135, 137–138, 157n133, 200, 217, 274, 284, 473, 504, 557, 561.
śraddhā
shí 實 (really, realities, solidity, true, veritable)
80, 83, 92–93, 137, 138n56, 186, 189–190, 237n45, 252, 256–257, 259, 275, 279, 302–303, 392, 448, 470, 474, 487–488, 504n24, 505n33, 507n39, 508n44, 510n48, 516, 530, 532, 543, 555.
xinshi 信實 (faithful)
shi 誓
17, 116
Shibao 時報 (The Times)
314
Shimaji Mokurai 島地黙雷
362, 367n17, 368, 375, 379
shin 信
18–19, 22–23, 172–193, 360–381.
adhimukti, belief, daishin 大信 , faith, fides, Glaube, haimanuta, pistis πίστις , prasāda, shinkō 信仰 , śraddhā, wāfarīft, xin 信 , xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
shingyō 信樂 (joyous faith)
184, 188.
xinle 信樂
shinjin 信心 (confidence)
23, 183, 188–190, 374, 376–377, 380, 511
shinjitsu hōdo 眞實報土 (True Land of Retribution)
183
shinjū 信従 (belief)
369, 371
shinkō 信仰 (belief)
363–365, 372, 378–379, 445.
adhimukti, belief, daishin 大信 , faith, fides, Glaube, haimanuta, pistis πίστις , prasāda, shin 信 , śraddhā, wāfarīft, xin 信 , xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
shinkon 信根 (rooting one’s belief)
377.
xingen 信根 (root of faith)
Shinkū 信空
183
shinkyō 信教 (religious belief)
23, 363–364, 372–373.
xinjiao 信教
shinkyō no jiyū 信教の自由
23, 363–364, 372–273.
xinjiao ziyou 信教自由 , freedom of religion/ religious belief
shinpō 信法 (teaching, belief)
364–365
Shinran 親鸞
19, 172–173, 183–184, 188–192, 374–375
Shintō 神道
367–371, 377–379
Shi Qin 世親 . see Vasubandhu
shishin 至心 (sincere mind)
181, 184, 188–189, 191
shiyi shan 十一善 (ekâdaśa-kuśala, eleven wholesome mental factors)
176
shiyong xinyang 实用信仰 (pragmatic faith)
590
shiyuan 誓願 (vow)
186, 190, 532.
seigan 誓願 , vows
shōdō 聖道 (Holy Path)
181.
shengdao 聖道
shou dao 守道
107, 109, 112n34, 505n30
shūkyō 宗教
5, 23, 363, 365, 371, 403, 417n14.
dîn, kyōhō 教法 , kyōmon 教門 , religion, shūkyō 宗教 , zongjiao 宗教
si buhuai xin 四不壞信 (Four Objects of Indestructible Faith)
136, 151
Siddhārtha Gautama
175, 178.
Buddha, Fo 佛 , Fotuo 佛陀 , hotoke 佛 , Śākyamuni, Shaka 釋迦
sidi 四諦 (ārya-satya, (four) noble truths)
136, 175, 557
Silk Road
178
single-mindedly, single-mindedness
97, 186
singular conceptual term
17, 71, 73, 102
Sishierzhang jing 四十二章經
232–233
si sheng guan 死生觀 (view of death and life)
413
si xue 死學 (Studies on Death)
428
skillful means
132, 149n101, 177n16, 332, 396.
upāya, upāya-kauśalya, fangbian 方便 , fangbian shanqiao 方便善巧
Smith, Wilfred Cantwell
6n13, 31, 309n1, 333, 439, 468
social Darwinism
430n68, 434
socialism
50, 326, 399, 480, 481n73, 590, 592
socialist core values. see shehui zhuyi hexin jiazhiguan 社会主义核心价值观
Societies of the White Lotus. see bailianshe 白蓮社 , lianshe 蓮社
society
3, 12, 24, 26, 45, 48–50, 220n19, 420, 422, 426–428, 430–433, 446, 447, 455, 461, 467, 542, 567, 587, 593–594, 596, 598–600, 601n56, 604, 610, 614
Society for the Diffusion of Christian and General Knowledge Among the Chinese. see Guangxue hui 廣學會
Sōka Gakkai 創価学会
403
sola fide
44n32, 75, 172, 309, 374.
(by) faith alone, yin xin cheng yi 因信称义
soul
202, 250, 251–253, 257, 332–333, 377, 428n62, 429–430, 445n25, 506, 515, 587–588, 593, 601, 606. See also anima 亞尼瑪
immortal ~
333, 377
~ in Buddhism
429–430
reikon 霊魂
377
transmigration of the ~. see lunhui 輪迴 , saṃsāra
Spinoza, Baruch
448
spirit
4, 24, 49, 64, 67, 69, 75–76, 86, 89, 113, 118, 209–210, 214–215, 217, 219, 237, 327, 251, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 333, 347, 353–355, 357, 392, 395, 397, 406, 418, 428, 421–422, 430–431, 448, 387, 448, 452–453, 461–463, 479, 484, 497, 501, 504–505, 510–511, 514, 566–569, 571, 577, 584, 587, 590, 593
belief in ~
75, 448
religious ~
24, 423, 428, 461–463, 601
~ revelation
497, 504–505, 517
~ medium
566, 568, 347, 577, 584
jingshen 精神
spirits
4, 64, 67, 69, 75–76, 86, 89, 113, 118, 210, 238n50, 269, 318, 333, 357, 387, 392, 395, 397, 406, 445n25, 448, 452–453, 567–568, 571
spirituality
533, 599
spiritual beings
270, 507
spirit-written morality books
219, 501, 514
spirit-writing
214–215, 217, 220, 505
śraddhā
20, 135, 175, 227, 232, 504, 611, 614.
adhimukti, belief, daishin 大信 , faith, fides, Glaube, haimanuta, pistis πίστις, prasāda, shin 信 , shinkō 信仰 , wāfarīft, xin 信 , xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
Sri Lanka
199, 360
statues (of deities)
156
Strauß, David Friedrich
14, 51–52, 446n29, 613
suffering
50, 139, 159, 175–177, 240, 273, 319, 333, 396, 448, 474, 479, 527, 540, 545–546, 550n18, 581
arising of ~. see samudaya, kuji shengdi 苦集聖諦
cessation of ~. see nirodha, kumie shengdi 苦滅聖諦
great ocean of ~
240
liberation/salvation from ~
177, 474
~ of females/ women
545–546, 550n18
~ of nation
396
path to the cessation of ~. see mārga, kumie daoji shengdi 苦滅道跡聖諦 duḥkha, ku shengdi 苦聖諦
Sukhāvatī
178–179.
Pure Land
Sun Yat-sen (Sun Zhongshan 孫中山 )
25–26, 385, 396, 399–401, 461, 463, 567, 465n13, 469, 471–479, 483, 485, 487, 491, 509, 515, 588.
guofu 國父 (Father of the Nation)
suopo shijie 娑婆世界 (the present world)
551
suo xin de zongjiao 所信的宗教 (religion one believes in)
447n33
superstition, superstitious (belief)
24–25, 360, 386, 388, 393–395, 400, 419, 424, 427, 444, 445, 448–449, 453, 456, 463, 472, 503, 506–507, 510, 529, 543, 566, 611n4, 613.
mixin 迷信 , fengjian mixin 封建迷信 (feudal superstitions), pochu mixin 破除迷信 (eradicate superstition)
taidu態度 (attitude)
4, 432–433, 447, 451, 570
Taiping guangji 太平廣記
203
Taishang Laojun 太上老君
106, 111
Taiwan zhengxin fojiao yundong 台灣正信佛教運動 (the Taiwanese movement for the right Buddhist faith)
403
Taixu 太虛
152, 380, 395–397, 399–400, 402, 406, 454, 472–474
Tang Dayuan 唐大圓
400, 402n69
Tanluan 曇鸞
148, 179, 182, 192
tanyu 貪欲 (raga, craving)
144n83, 175
tariki 他力 (other power)
146, 182–183, 393.
other-power
tariki shinjin 他力信心 (other power)
183
Tan Sitong 譚嗣同
315, 424n45, 425n48
Tathāgata. see rulai 如來
Tathāgata-garbha (tradition)/Tathāgata School
18, 94, 125, 129, 151–154.
Buddha nature, foxing 佛性 , rulai zang 如來藏
Teaching of the Three Ages
417–418.
san shi 三世
temple
201n14, 202, 206, 221, 312, 335, 370, 375, 378, 511, 540, 545n2, 546–549, 554n20, 559–560, 562, 565–566, 568–584, 594, 596
~ associations
575, 577, 580, 583,
~ boss Lao Wang
583
~ destruction
582
~ festivals/ fair
312, 335, 565, 568, 570, 575–581, 584
~ god
202
~ hierarchy
546, 559
temporalization
414, 416
ten utterances
187
tenfold invocation of the name
181
tenfold recollection
181
Tertullian
39, 192
testimonies (of divine efficacy)
572
thanksgiving
27, 375, 568–577.
giving thanks
~ as performance
565, 575
~ dedicatory plaques/ flags/ banners
571–576.
dedicatory plaques/ flags/ banners
Theognis of Megara
33
theological
14–15, 20, 22, 26, 33, 34–37, 41–46, 48–50, 52–54, 104, 173, 229n10, 249–250, 254–256, 266, 272, 287, 289, 295, 296n25, 299–301, 303, 313n15, 319, 340–341, 344n11, 347–349, 353, 356, 442, 448, 454–456, 566
Theology, theologies
14–15, 31–33, 36, 38–47, 49–55, 287, 340, 347, 354–356, 444, 449, 456, 466, 512, 615
Augustine’s ~
40
biblical ~
39
Christian ~
36, 38–42, 47, 51, 53, 332
crucicentric ~
355
Enlightenment ~
45–46
fulfillment theology
454
Islamic ~
288–289, 294, 299
Johannine ~
38
liberal ~
22, 449–451
Martin Luther’s ~
43
moral ~
214–215, 218
mystical ~
352
natural ~ (xingjiao 性教 )
249–251, 264, 283
Paul’s ~
38
Protestant ~
173
revealed ~ (enjiao 恩教 /chongjiao 寵教 )
264, 283
scholastic ~
42, 53
supernatural ~
249
three poisons. see sandu 三毒
ti 悌 (brotherliness)
61, 220
tian 天 (Heaven)
75, 83, 85–86, 101, 118, 126–127n8, 261, 363, 267–268, 270, 289, 299, 452, 500n5–8, 501n9, 503n22, 505n29, 506n36, 511
tiandao 天道 (heavenly way)
454, 499–500, 503n22
tianming 天命 (Heavenly Mandate)
511
Tiantai 天台 (school of Buddhism)
145–146, 153, 157, 547
Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich
448
Tongshanshe 同善社 (Fellowship of Goodness)
220n19, 449, 516
transliteration
235n36, 238, 241, 254–255, 257, 274, 283, 289, 316
triratna. see sanbao 三寶
tri-viṣa. see sandu 三毒
True Pure Land Buddhism
367n17, 374, 377n43.
Jōdo shinshū 淨土眞宗
trust passim
~ in themselves
465.
see self-confidence, zixin 自信
~ in invisible entities/ truths
611
~ in themselves and trust others
465.
zixin xinren 自信信人 confidence, belief in/ believing in
trustworthiness
3–4, 16, 18–19, 39, 62, 66, 68–74, 78, 88–90, 102, 175, 191, 211, 214, 221–222, 246, 269, 283, 465, 498, 501, 504–505, 511, 515, 609–610, 612, 614
Tzu Chi (Foundation) (Fojiao Ciji jijin hui 佛教慈濟基金會 )
26, 27, 405–407, 523–544
unaccusative-transitive variant
101
unbelief
27, 34–35, 137, 239, 570–571, 581.
aśrāddha, wuxin 無信
universalism, universalist
4, 25, 173, 328, 439, 415, 420, 434, 439, 441–442, 448, 455, 612, 616
upāya, upāya-kauśalya. see fangbian 方便 , fangbian shanqiao 方便善巧 , skillful means
Urabe Kanjun 占部観順
376–379
Vajrabodhi
207.
Jin’gang Zhi 金剛智
Valignano, Allesandro
172
values
19, 21, 27, 61, 63n5, 222, 291–293, 384, 386, 390, 395, 433, 479, 515, 543, 560, 586–592, 595–599, 601–605, 615
Vasubandhu
130.
Shi Qin 世親
Verbiest, Ferdinand (南懷仁 )
259
view. see guan 觀
Vinaya
148n98, 547, 559, 563.
Lüzong 律宗
Vows
27, 134, 139, 142, 146, 148, 184, 186, 479, 510, 531–532, 544, 577.
hongan 本願 , seigan 誓願 , shiyuan 誓願
wāfarīft
227, 241.
adhimukti, belief, daishin 大信 , faith, fides, Glaube, haimanuta, pistis πίστις , prasāda, shin 信 , shinkō 信仰 , śraddhā, xin 信 , xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
waikao 外考
506
Wang Bi 王弼
108–109
Wang Daiyu 王岱輿
291, 293
Wang Guowei 王國維
597–598, 605
Wang Jingwei 汪精衛
463
Wang Maogong 王懋功
490
Wang Senfu 王森甫
402
Wanguo gongbao 萬國公報 (A Review of the Times)
22, 314–315, 317, 320, 341–342, 344, 346
Wang Yangming 王陽明
265, 425, 477
Wang Zheng 王徵
248n6, 265–269, 272, 344n11
Wang Zhixin 王治心
399, 447, 451, 453–454, 472, 474
Wanhui 萬迴
200, 206
Water Goddess
572, 575
way to liberation
176, 181–182.
rudao 入道
wei dao 違道
109
weiquan 维权 (lawyers)
599–600
Weiying 惟瑛
200
wenhua 文化 (culture)
388, 439, 591
West River (Xijiang 西江 )
473
Wilson, Woodrow
448
wisdom
62, 97, 126–129, 132–134, 148, 149n101, 151, 157, 177, 183–184, 190, 192, 196, 240n60, 292, 294, 297, 302, 391, 406, 427, 485, 501, 503, 591
bore 般若 , hui 慧 , prajñā
Wolf, Arthur P.
566
Wolff, Christian
45
worldview (as a concept)
50–51, 616
worshipers
565, 568–569, 575, 578–579, 583
wo xin 我信 (“I/We believe”)
254–256, 299, 345n16, 354–355
wuchang 五常 (five constants, 仁義禮智信 )
267, 272, 346, 501, 509
Wuchang Institute of Buddhism (Wuchang foxueyuan 武昌佛學院 )
152
wugen 五根 (Five Wholesome Roots)
127, 176, 556.
pañcānām indriyāṇām
Wugong shiyi 五功釋義
294
Wuji Shengzu 無極聖祖 (Holy Patriarch of the Ultimateless)
499
Wu Leichuan 吴雷川
345, 349
wuli 五力 (Five Powers)
127, 176.
pañca-balāni
Wuliangguangfo 無量光佛 (Buddha of Immeasurable Light)
178
Wuliangshoufo 無量壽佛 (Buddha of Immeasurable Life)
178
wuni 五逆
181, 191.
gogyaku 五逆 , five grave offenses
Wusheng Laomu 無生老母 (Eternal Venerable Mother)
500, 502n19, 503..
see Shangdi (Eternal Mother)
Wuweijiao 無為教 (Non-Action Sect)
499
wu xin 無信 (non-trust, unbelief)
62, 73, 80, 83, 88–89, 92, 95, 119, 233n28, 239, 265, 292, 286, 504n27–28, 505, 509–510n47, 513n63.
aśrāddha, unbelief, you xin 有信
wuxin 悟信 (faith that brings awakening)
386
wuxin bu li 無信不立 ([the government] cannot be established if the people do not have faith in it)
504n28, 505, 509n47
Wu Xize 吳錫澤
462, 464
Wu Zetian 武則天
141, 199
wuzhang 五障 (Five Hindrances, prevent women from being reborn as a Brahmā god, an Indra god, a Māra god, a wise Cakravartin king, or a Buddha)
549
Wu Zunqi 伍遵契
296–297
Xijiang 西江 (West River)
473
Xi Jinping 习近平
562, 586, 590, 594, 596, 617
Xiang’er 想爾 commentary
17, 99–100, 108–109, 111–112, 115
xiangdui de xinyang 相對的信仰 (relative xinyang/ faith)
392
xiangxin 相信 (believe in)
81, 398, 447–448, 507n38, 511, 513n64, 523, 529–532, 534, 536, 539, 541–542, 567
Xiantiandao 先天道 (Way of Former Heaven)
499–502, 505, 515
xiao 孝 (filial piety)
62, 71, 92, 216, 220, 290–293, 390, 479, 572n14
xiaosheng 小乘 (lesser vehicle)
391.
hīnayāna
xiao wo 小我 (Small Self)
430
Xie Fuya 謝扶雅
25, 443–444, 447, 449–451, 455n60, 456
Xie Songgao 謝頌羔
444, 447, 449n37, 450–451, 455n60, 456
Xie Wuliang 謝无量
72
xiejiao 邪教 (heretic cults)
387
xiexin 邪信 (heterodox beliefs)
498, 510
xin 信 passim. adhimukti, belief, daishin 大信 , faith, fides, Glaube, haimanuta, pistis πίστις , prasāda, shin 信 , shinkō 信仰 , śraddhā, wāfarīft, xinxin 信心 , xinyang 信仰
xin dao 信道 (believing in the Dao, commitment to the Dao, believe in the Way)
17, 20, 99–100, 106–115, 121, 221, 238, 344, 501n12, 502n15–17, 507n38.
xin shengdao 信聖道
xinde 信德 (virtue of belief)
256–257, 274–275, 347
xinde 信德 (virtue of belief)
256–257, 275–276, 347
xin er you zheng 信而有徵 (be believed and borne out by evidence)
264
xin fa 信法 (believing the Dharma)
114, 388
xin Fo/ xin fo 信佛 (faith in Buddha, belief in Buddhism)
96, 132, 176, 388, 392, 395, 504n25, 529, 543
xing 性
112, 136n50, 150n108, 152n112, 158n142, 237n46, 241n61, 261, 280, 501n9, n14, 504n27, 505n29, 516n71, 531, 556.
foxing 佛性
Xing-bo-lu 性薄錄 (Symbolum)
248, 253–254, 256, 258, 264, 266, 294, 301, 344n12, 392
xing dao 行道
106–107, 109, 112n34, 182, 233n27, 504n25, n28, 515n69, 531n14
xingen 信根 (root of faith)
127, 128n18, 176, 556.
shinkon 信根
xingge 性格 (character)
429.
character
xingjiao 性教
264–265, 283.
theology, natural
xin guishen 信鬼神 (believing in spirits and ghosts)
75–76
xing yi zhi nan 行易知難 (action is easy and knowledge is difficult)
477
xinji 信基 (foundation of trust)
239
xinjiao 信教 (religious belief)
282, 354, 439n5, 443, 512.
religious belief, shinkyō 信教 , zongjiao (de) xinyang 宗教信仰
xinjiao ziyou 信教自由
443.
shinkyō no jiyū 信教の自由 , freedom of religion/ religious belief
xinjiaozhe 信教者 (a religion’s believers)
439n5
xinjie 信解 (confidence in reality)
97, 125, 131n26, 132, 134–135, 137, 151, 511, 528–529, 536–538
xinjie 信戒 (discipline, have faith and practice the precepts)
126, 388
xin jie xing zheng 信解行證 (faith, understanding, practice, and attainment)
511, 536–538
Xinjing 心經
331n73.
Heart Sūtra
xinjing 心經 (beliefs)
318n35, 324–325
xinjing 信經 (Classic of Fidelity, scriptures, Apostles’ Creed, confession)
72, 114, 248, 251, 255, 258–259, 264, 349–350, 353–354
xinkao 信靠 (trust, reliance)
139–140
xinlai 信賴 (trust, reliance)
139–140, 506, 529, 535, 543
xinle 信樂 (joyous faith)
137–139, 176–177, 181, 189–190, 232n24.
shingyō 信樂
xinli 信力 (power of faith)
127, 128n17–18, 134n42, 138, 176, 274
xinli 心力 (vigor of mind)
353, 553
xinling de ziyou 心灵的自由 (spiritual liberties)
602
xinmin 新民 (new citizen)
24, 415
xinren 信人 (believing people)
80, 83, 465, 500–501, 505n33, 531, 534, 539
xinren 信任 (trust, to have faith in)
3, 529–531, 535–536, 539, 543, 614
xinren 信忍 (unperturbed faith, faith endurance)
98–99, 137, 139, 176
xinren 新人
352
xin sanbao 信三寶 (faith in the three jewels)
175, 511n57
xin seng 信僧 (faith in the saṅgha)
388
xin shan 信善 (believing in the good)
238
xin shen 信神 (faith in deities/spirits)
217, 282–283n68, 392, 453
xin shengdao 信聖道
20, 238.
xin dao 信道 , shengdao 聖道
xinshen xingui 信神信鬼 (belief in gods and spirits/ ghosts)
453
Xin shenghuo yundong 新生活運動 (New Life Movement)
474
xinshi 信實 (faithful)
350, 528–530, 532–533, 539
xinshi 信誓 (pledge-oath)
117, 119.
shi 誓
xinshou fengxing 信受奉行 (heartily take refuge in Buddha’s teaching and vows to put into practice)
138–139
xinta 信他 (belief in others)
512
xintiao 信條 (articles of the faith)
13, 350, 612
xinwu 信物 (pledges)
117, 120
xin yu 信於 (be trustworthy in regard to, being faithful to)
62, 64, 78, 86, 216, 293, 504n25
xin yuan xing zheng 信愿行證 (belief, vow, practice, verification)
510, 515, 531
xin yuan 信願 (believing and vowing)
406
xin yuan xing 信願行 (faith, vow, and practice)
27, 406n89, 531, 541–542, 555
xinxin 信心 (faithful heart; confidence; the arousal of true aspiration)
3, 13, 27, 99, 129, 134n39, 148n99, 186, 189, 191, 230, 238n49, 240–241, 263, 270, 284, 191, 194–295, 297–298, 302–303, 318, 325–326, 247, 374, 395, 405, 498, 500n5–6, 501n13, 504, 505n30, 507n38, 508n41–43, 516n72, 523, 529–530, 532, 535, 542–543, 545, 546, 551–558, 562, 586, 614.
confidence, faith,faithful mind, shinjin 信心
xin xinyang 新信仰 (new belief, new faith)
24, 456, 613n10.
new belief, new faith
xinxue 心學
425
xinyang 信仰 (belief, faith)
3, 6, 13, 23–25, 27–28, 50n55, 282, 347, 384, 388, 391–395, 396n43, 399–401, 403, 406, 413, 417–419, 426–427, 439–440, 442, 445, 447–451, 454, 456, 462–466, 470, 472, 475, 481, 487, 489, 498, 508n43–510n48, 512–513, 516–517, 529, 562, 565, 567, 586–595, 604–605, 612, 614, 616
bei xinyang le 被信仰了 (made to believe)
592
adhimukti, belief, daishin 大信 , faith, fides, Glaube, haimanuta, pistis πίστις, prasāda, shin 信 , shinkō 信仰 , śraddhā, wāfarīft, xin 信 , xinxin 信心
xinyang de zongjiao 信仰的宗教 (religion of faith)
392
xinyang shenqi 信仰神祇 (belief in deities)
512
xinyang kexue 信仰科學 (science of faith, believing in science)
394
xinyang ziyou 信仰自由 (freedom of belief)
400
xinyang zongjiaohua信仰宗教化 (religionization of belief)
462
xinyizong 信義宗 (信义宗 ) (Lutheran Church in China)
44n32
xinyou 信友 (believer)
215, 342
xinyuan 信願 (believing and vowing)
27, 406, 530–531, 541–542, 555
xinzhe 信者 (believer)
189–190, 200, 240n59, 242n10, 255, 268, 278–279, 292, 345, 465, 500, 502n15, 504n24, 505n33, 515n68
xinzhi 信知 (avetya-prasāda) (believe and know)
186
xinzi 信子 (believer)
342
xin zhi 信之 x (have trust in x, believe in x)
62, 67, 73
xin zhi du 信之篤 (pious belief)
502
xinzhu 信主 (faith in God)
296, 299, 318, 342, 392
xiqi maobing 習氣毛病 (bad habits)
545, 550
xiu 修 (spiritual cultivation, practice)
23, 85, 132n28, 138–139, 149n106, 157n133, 184–185, 240n59, 281, 296, 386, 395n40, 513n64, 530, 532, 542, 561
xiu dao 修道
106–107, 112n34, 504n27, 505n33, 507n38, 508n41
xiuxing 修行 (practice)
387, 406n89, 511n57, 516n72, 533, 542–543, 555, 557, 560
xiuyang 修養 ((spiritual) cultivation)
387.
self-cultivation, self-cultivate
Xiwangmu 西王母 (Queen Mother of the West)
502n19, 178
Xizhen zhengda 希真正答
292
Xunzi 荀子
16, 63, 106n13
Xu Dishan 許地山
444
Xu Shen 許慎
78, 229
Xu Zhiyong 许志永
28, 587, 599–600, 603, 605
Xuantian Shangdi 玄天上帝
218–219, 515
xuanxue 玄學
108
xue dao 學道
106–107, 109, 112n34, 502
xun 恂 (sincere)
230
xun 洵 (truly)
301
xunzheng 訓政 (political tutelage)
478
Yan Fu 嚴復 (严复 )
415n9, 430n67–68, 597–598, 605
Yang Tingyun 楊廷筠
248, 260, 264–266, 269–274, 279, 282n67, 283
Yang Wenhui 楊文會 (杨文会 )
330, 380, 445
ye 業 (act, karma)
136, 179, 237n43–45, 238n50, 490, 545.
jiemo 羯磨 , karma, zhengding zhi ye 正定之業 , zhengye 正業 (correct act), zhuye 助業 (auxiliary acts)
Ye Chucang 葉楚傖
475
yi 疑 (doubt)
200, 203–204, 252, 269
yi 異 (different, extraordinary, other, strange, surprise)
65, 97, 109, 113, 197–198, 201–204, 206–208, 238n47, 276, 278, 320, 345
yi 義 (righteousness, meaning)
62, 65–72, 85, 90–91, 155, 221, 232, 241, 247, 261, 272, 280, 291–292, 294, 296, 346, 399, 446, 479
Yiguandao 一貫道
21, 26, 497–517, 556, 596
yihuo 疑惑 (doubt)
75–76, 184, 255, 530.
giwaku 疑惑
yili 毅力 (perseverance)
535, 556
yi-ma-na 以瑪納
289, 295–296
ying 應 (respond)
568
yinguo 因果 (law of cause and effect)
216, 392n27, 393, 396, 398, 507n38, 511n57
Yinshun 印順
152, 389–390n19, 406–407
yin xin cheng yi 因信称义 (justification by faith alone)
44n32.
faith alone, sola fide, xinyizong 信義宗
yishan tianhai 移山填海 (moving mountains or reclaiming land from the sea)
509
yishi 儀式 (ceremonies and ceremonial etiquette)
397, 439
yiwang 醫王 (King of Physicians)
177
yixingpin 易行品 (Chapter on Easy Practice)
187
yizhi 依止 (relying on)
236
yizhili 意志力 (willpower)
552–554
Yogācāra
94, 130, 136, 151–153, 176, 185, 394.
ci’en 慈恩
yokushō 欲生 (desire to be born)
184, 188
Yongle dadian 永樂大典
198
yongqi 勇氣 (courage)
523, 535, 556
Yongquan 湧泉
392
Young China Association. see Shaonian Zhonguo xuehui 少年中國學會
youqiu biying 有求必應 (whatever you beg for, there will be a response)
572
you xin 有信 (have trustworthiness)
62, 68, 88–89, 98, 100, 237n43–44, 555.
wu xin 無信
yuanshu 願書 (ex-voto story-telling performances)
573
yuanxi 願戯 (ex-voto opera performances)
573
Yuan Youjun 袁友军
595
Yu Bin 于斌
454
Yuding jinke jiyao 玉定金科輯要
214, 220–221, 604
yue 約 (legal contract, bond)
17, 116–118
Yu Gong 愚公
465
yuanli 願力 (power of vowing)
553
yuanliang 原諒 (forgiveness)
531
yuanren zhi zongjiao 原人之宗教 (religion of the primitives)
448.
chuji zongjiao 初級宗教
yuanshi fojiao 原始佛教 (original Buddhism)
389–390n19
Yuanying 圓瑛
395–396, 405
Yuan Youjun 袁友军
595, 598, 604
yuchi 愚癡 (nescience)
175, 236n41.
moha
Yuishinshō 唯信鈔
186, 191
yun 㽙 /允
62, 230, 501
yuncheng 雲城 (cloud city)
503
Yun Daiying 恽代英
589
yuxin 愚信 (ignorant belief)
528–529, 543
Zeitschichten (layers of time)
175
Zhang Dainian 張岱年
72
Zhang Dongsun 张东荪
591
Zhang Geng (Madou) 張賡 (瑪竇 ), Matthew
248
Zhao Xiao 赵晓
596
Zhao Zichen 趙紫宸
38, 340, 347, 349, 352, 355–357
Zhendi 真諦 . see Paramārtha
zheng 證 (attainment, to prove, verification)
18, 131–132, 139, 150n109, 248, 252, 276, 278, 402n71, 462, 507n38, 510–511, 516n70, 531, 536–538
zheng政 (governance, government, political)
61, 70–71, 316, 401, 480, 482
sei 政 , xunzheng 訓政 (political tutelage)
zhengzhi xinyang 政治信仰
472
zhengding zhi ye 正定之業 (truly determining act)
179
zhengfa 正法 (orthodoxy, right Dharma)
181, 191, 241n61, 547, 559
Zheng Fuli 鄭復禮
203–205
Zheng He 鄭和
198–199
zhengjiao 正教 (correct teaching)
295
Zhengjiao zhenquan 正教真詮
291
zhengxin 正信 (orthodox belief, true faith)
20, 23, 235, 386–387, 389–392, 395–396, 401–403, 405–407, 424n42, 506, 507n38, 529–530, 543, 561
zhengxin zhengxing 正信正行 (orthodox faith and practice)
561
Zhengxin hui 正信會 (Right Faith Society)
401–403
zhengye 正業 (correct act)
179
Zhenhua 真華
392
zhen jiao 真教 (true doctrine)
252, 417
zhenli 真理 (true principles)
137, 390
zhenzheng xin fo 真正信佛 (correct faith in Buddhism)
395
zhenzheng xinyang 真正信仰 (correct faith)
395
zhi 智 (wisdom, intellect)
62, 133n35, 240, 252, 272, 294, 302, 392, 484–485, 509n47.
benzhi 本智 (Innate Wisdom)
zhihui智慧 (wisdom)
96, 148n99, 157n135, 184, 406, 501
zhishi 知識 (knowledge)
237n46, 390, 502
zhixin 智信 (wisdom/knowledge-based belief)
391, 406
zhi xinyang 智信仰 (cognizant faith)
427
Zhifeng 芝夆
392
zhiguai 志怪
196, 209n24, 321
Zhiguang 智光
199
zhixin 智信 (wisdom/ knowledge-based belief)
391, 406, 509n47
Zhi Qian 支謙
126
zhong 忠 (loyalty)
61, 64, 67, 69, 72, 86, 89–90, 189, 216, 220, 290, 293, 465, 479
Zhongguo fojiao hui 中國佛教會 (Chinese Buddhist Association)
395
Zhongguo fojiao xiehui 中國佛教協會 (Buddhist Association of China)
395
Zhongguo minzu jingshen 中国民族精神 (Chinese national spirit)
587
Zhongguo renmin you xinyang 中国人民有信仰 (The Chinese people have faith)
588
Zhongguo zongjiaotu lianyihui 中國宗教徒聯誼會 (Fellowship of Chinese Religious Followers)
454
Zhong Shaohua 钟少华
591, 605
Zhong Xi jiaohui bao 中西教會報 (Missionary Review)
315–316
zhongxin 忠信 (loyalty and fidelity)
67, 72, 75, 90–91, 109, 247, 291–292, 294, 610
zhong xin 終信 (to believe wholly)
342
zhongxin zhi dao 忠信之道 (The Way of Loyalty and Fidelity)
72
Zhongyong 中庸 (Doctrine of the Mean)
106n13, 206n16, 269–271, 345, 485, 510n47, 515
Zhao Puchu 趙樸初
561–562
Zhou Guoping 周国平
597
Zhou Dunyi 周敦頤
252
Zhou Guoping 周国平
597, 603, 605
Zhuangzi 莊子
16, 63, 106, 418n17, 449
zhuannü chengnan 轉女成男
550
Zhu Di 朱棣 (Yongle 永樂 emperor)
197–199
Zhu Fahu 竺法護 . see Dharmarakṣa
Zhu Falan 竺法蘭 . see Dharmaratna
Zhuo Xinping 卓新平
589, 595–597, 602
Zhu Shiheng 朱士行
206
Zhu Xi 朱熹
272
Zhu Xizu 朱希祖
446
Zhu Xueqin 朱学勤
592
zhuye 助業 (auxiliary acts)
179
zixin 自信 (believing in one’s true self, self-confidence)
465, 513 529–530, 537–538, 556.
self-confidence
zixin xinren 自信信人 (trust in themselves and trust others)
465
zongjiao 宗教 passim. see religion.dîn, kyōhō 教法 , kyōmon 教門 , shūkyō 宗教
zongjiao (de) xinyang 宗教 (的 ) 信仰 (religious belief)
401, 450, 513
zongjiao jingyan 宗教經驗 (religious experience)
25, 451, 456
zongjiao sixiang 宗教思想 (religious thinking/ thought)
424, 450–451
zongjiaoxin 宗教心
25, 450–451, 456.
religiosity
zongjiaoxue 宗教學 (religious studies)
25, 439, 440, 442–444, 447, 449, 454–455
zongjiao yishi 宗教意識 (religious consciousness)
25, 449, 451
Zongli jinianzhou 總理紀念週 (Weekly Remembrance)
25–26, 461–462, 469–470, 472, 475–476, 483–491
zongxin 總信 (collective faith)
299
zunxin 遵信 (uphold and believe)
503