Author:
Yawen Zheng
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Index

15 Measures on Economic Reform 75
accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) 11
WTO commitments 22, 25
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 154
annual inspection of ODIs 98100
anti-monopoly review 6062, 72
approval authorities 21, 25, 27n52,3236, 7677
approval, conditions for 3334
approval, criteria of 2022, 2425
approval, documents required for 21, 31, 33, 43, 81
approval procedure 2023, 25, 3236, 4244, 46, 7378, 81
approval procedure, project 3136, 78, 80
approval procedure, timeframe of 20, 23, 25, 31, 33, 81
approval requirements 2425, 76
arm’s-length regulation 8, 73, 80, 232
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) 202203
base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) 204205
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 85, 97, 104, 107, 114, ch5, 234
Belt and Road Science, Technology and Innovation Cooperation Action Plan 190191
connectivity via infrastructure 192193, 208209, 230
Digital Belt and Road Programme 196197
financial integration 209210, 230
Green Silk Road 194200
people-to-people exchange 189190, 230
policy coordination 207, 230
unimpeded trade 188189, 206, 230
building technological capacity 3, 2021, 46, 76, 132133, 188193
factor productivity manifold 3
technology assistance 129
technology spillovers 3, 128130
Catalogue of Encouraged Hi-tech Products for Foreign Investments 31
Catalogue of Priority Industries for Foreign Investments in the Central-Western Region 31
chamber of commerce 56, 71, 96, 106
China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation (SINOSURE) 112115
China, vision of 2
Circular of the MOFTEC Concerning the Approval Authorities and Principles for Opening Non-Trade Joint Ventures Overseas as well as in Hong Kong and Macao (1984 Circular) 7576
Corruption 3435, 235
Countermeasures 68, 109
Decision of the State Council on Reforming Investment System 8081, 89
direct expropriation, protection against 4950
domestic legal regime, recent change of 41, 55, 71, 73
Foreign Investment Law (FIL) 41, 4751, 53, 5557, 6264, 68, 7072, 74, 109, 147148, 156
Measures for the Reporting of Foreign Investment Information (Reporting Measures) 42, 5760
Regulation for the Implementation of the FIL (FIL Implementation Regulation) 41, 5760, 65, 67, 71
reporting mechanism 4244, 5660, 73, 147
dual-track system 2627, 153
economic order 7
enterprise autonomy 2123, 25, 27, 73, 77, 79, 8586, 9091, 232
equal treatment 4748, 7173
ex post supervision regime 4142, 5355, 5760, 73
inspection according to the suggestions of or information provided by relevant departments or the judiciary organs 54, 60
inspection according to tip-offs 54, 60
inspection ex officio 54,60
publication of the results 5960
random check 54, 5860
reporting obligation 5354
supervisory inspection 5354 post-establishment supervision
FIE laws 20, 2627, 37 three laws on FIEs
Five-Year Plan 2, 7980, 211
foreign invested enterprise (FIE) 1213, 26, 47, 53, 55, 5859
contractual joint ventures (CJV) 12, 23
equity joint ventures (EJV) 1213
wholly foreign-owned enterprises (WFOE) 13
foreign investment flows 5, 221 inward foreign direct investment, outward direct investment
foreign investment legal regime 12, 8, 1112, 232233
fragmented implementation 6366, 80
inconsistent enforcement 5557, 6364, 67
regulatory overlap 63
free trade zone (FTZ) 4445, 48
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 140
global economic governance 200205
investment treaty regime 7
multilateral agreement on investment 9
multilateral investment treaty 8, 214230, 234
government service provided to ODIs 109112
investigation mechanism 109110
MOFCOM’s responsibility 111
NDRC, the role of 111112
prior report system 110
service centre 110111
green development 45, 129, 194200
climate change 4
environmental governance 45
environmental protection 21, 46, 134136, 194
guideline catalogue of foreign investment industries 22, 29, 32, 67n253
negative list 29, 31, 42, 4447, 62, 73, 156157, 221n186
positive list 29, 31
high-income economy 127n16
high-level investment 3
integration into the global economy 4, 21, 46, 76, 158
intellectual property rights (IPR), protection of 5051, 148, 191192
interim filing regime 4243, 5860, 73
investment dispute settlement mechanism 117, 122, 225227
alternative dispute resolution 170171
appellate mechanism 120121
BIT-based claims 5
China International Commercial Court (CICC) 117122
domestic courts of the host States 115116, 118
enforcement and execution 121122
ICSID Arbitration 177179
ICSID Convention 116117, 177181
investment claims 48, 173177
investment court 117122
investor-State arbitration 116118, 160, 170183, 233
“One-Stop Shop” Diversified International Commercial Dispute Settlement Platform 121
sovereign immunity 118119
investment treaties 56, 89, 117, ch4, 233234
APTA Investment Agreement 132133, 170
China-ASEAN Investment Agreement 159, 176, 182
China-Australia BIT 178
China-Australia FTA 156, 158159, 170172, 176, 181183
China-Barbados BIT 174175
China-Bulgaria BIT 145n117
China-Canada BIT 151152, 154155, 159, 176, 181182
China-Chad BIT 144, 163
China-Columbia BIT 139, 142
China-Czech Republic BIT 148
China-Equatorial Guinea BIT 152
China-Germany BIT 174
China-Greece BIT 178
China-Guyana BIT 154
China-Iran BIT 167
China-Japan-South Korea TIT 159, 164
China-Jordan BIT 157
China-Lithuania BIT 178
China-Mauritius FTA 131, 137, 139, 142, 154, 156, 158, 164165, 176, 181182
China-Mexico BIT 151152
China-Mongolia BIT 174
China-Morocco BIT 155
China-Netherlands BIT 145n119
China-New Zealand FTA 158159, 172
China-Peru FTA 154
China-Russia BIT 167
China-Seychelles BIT 155
China-South Korea BIT 159
China-South Korea FTA 176
China-Sweden BIT 158
China-Syria BIT 158
China-Tanzania BIT 151, 154, 176
China-Turkey BIT 148, 151, 157
China-UK BIT 152
China-United Arab Emirates BIT 167168
China-Uzbekistan BIT 151
coverage 9
definition of investment 145152
characteristics of investment 149, 151
exclusion 149152
legality, requirement of 145148
definition of investor 227228
exception clauses 6, 136142, 151, 172, 223225, 228229
necessity, requirement of 139141, 224, 229
self-judging 140141, 224, 229
expropriation 142144
fair and equitable treatment (FET) 48, 161166, 222223, 229
full protection and security (FPS) 166168
investment promotion clause 130134
legitimate expectation 4849
meetings or committee of State parties 131132, 168173, 225226, 233
most favoured nation (MFN) 155, 157161, 166, 220222, 229, 234
national treatment (NT) 152157, 220222, 229
New York Convention 116117, 178
preamble 126130
RCEP 148, 154158, 160, 170, 218, 221
right of establishment 220222, 224
South Korea-Singapore FTA 133
US-Argentina BIT 139140 treaties with investment provisions
inward foreign direct investment 1, 1013, 210212
ss foreign investment flows
inward foreign investment projects, categories of
encouraged 2830, 32, 45
permitted 2830, 32
prohibited 2830, 45
restricted 2832, 45
market access negative list 4445
market economy 15, 73, 152153
market-oriented reform 4
Measures for the Administration of Overseas Investment of Enterprises 8689, 100101
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) 115
national security review 6, 3741, 6062, 70, 7273
authority 3738, 52
Circular Six 3940
coverage 3740, 5152, 6061
Interim Provisions on M&A of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors 3738
legal liabilities 5253
Measures for the Security Review of Foreign Investments 5153
procedure 3740, 53, 61
Provisions of the MOFCOM on Implementation of Security Review System for M&A of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors 3940
Regulations on M&A of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors 38
National Unified Market 65
necessity defence 136
normative document 20, 62, 6466, 122123
Opinion on the Strengthening of the Administration of Overseas Investment Projects (1991 Opinion) 7778, 80
orthodox Marxism 911
outward direct investment (ODI) 34, 1318, 7578, 85, 101102, 105, 107108, 114115, 210212 foreign investment flows, outward investment
overseas investment projects, categories of 82, 8586
encouraged 82, 85, 91
permitted 82
prohibited 82, 86
restricted 85
peaceful rise 6
personal connections with the government 3435
planned economy 15, 21, 73
post-establishment supervision 3637, 77, 95102 ex post supervision regime
private investors 15
production capacity cooperation 97, 104
promotion of ODIs 102108
credit support 105
fund 103105
guidance of ODI flows 106107
information provision 105
reporting operational obstacles, system of 106
tax deduction 105
recordation procedure 93
recourse, channel of 35, 5657, 6971, 74
administrative litigation 56, 66, 6970
administrative reconsideration 56, 66, 6970
Reform and Opening up 1, 1011, 15, 232
bring in 15
going-out 1516, 75, 7980, 95, 102, 108109, 175
open-door policy 19, 66, 124
opening up 26, 28, 53 market-oriented reform
registration procedure 8082, 84, 8687, 100101
Regulations on the Administration of Overseas Enterprises 78
regulatory and institutional environment 6668
rejection of foreign investments 10
round-tripping investment 1112, 55
scrutiny of China’s ODI 17
security protection 21, 46, 77, 151152, 211212
security, scope of 5, 46n147
sensitive industries 84, 8687
soft power, China’s 39
special economic zones (SEZ) 10, 49
special management measures (SMM) 2930, 4546
State-owned enterprise (SOE) 13, 15, 1718, 25, 72, 151152, 208, 220, 226229
statistical system of ODIs 9698
Statute of the International Court of Justice 163
Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee 1
three laws on FIEs 1920, 41, 47, 55, 57
CJVL 2324
Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the CJVL (CJVL Implementation Rules) 2324
EJVL 2023
Regulation for the Implementation of the EJVL (EJVL Implementation Regulation) 2023, 49
Rules for the Implementation of the WFOEL (WFOEL Implementation Rules) 2426
WFOEL 2426 FIE laws
treaties with investment provisions 5, ch4
Unreliable Entity List 68
using market in exchange for technology 3
verification procedure led by the MOFCOM 8995
authorities 89, 91
legal consequences 9293
reviewing factors 9092
timeframe 89
verification procedure led by the NDRC 8084, 8688, 9395
authorities 81, 8384, 89
conditions 8182, 84
coverage 81, 86
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) 120121, 126
“zero-COVID” policies 67
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