Index
ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages)
11, 20
applied linguistics
xi, 9, 45, 71–72, 181, 190, 200
Aristotle
119
Bloomfield, Leonard
108
Boas, Franz
3, 25–27
Buddhism
57, 172–173
Chinese philosophy
57
Chinese words commonly understood by foreigners
133
Cicero, Marcus Tullius
18
codability
30, 38–41, 44, 48, 70, 195, 200
conceptual gap
12–13, 16, 29, 41–42, 45, 47–55, 59, 61, 66–67, 70, 108–112, 117, 121, 126, 131–132, 141, 147n18, 169, 177, 200–202
item list
133–135, 139, 177–178
conceptual gap item
17, 45–46, 51–52, 54–57, 59–64, 69, 71, 109–110, 122, 125–126, 133–144, 146–147, 153, 156, 158–160, 165–166, 171, 177–178, 184–186, 193–194, 196, 201–202
adjectives
156
apparel
149, 157
architecture
147, 156–157
art and art implements
148, 151
calligraphy
150
chán 禪 and derived concepts
172–173
core vocabulary
160–177
cultural beliefs
152–153
customs
159
dào 道 and derived concepts
173
economics
152, 158
education
158
etiquette
154, 159
food
149, 157
funerary customs
154
geography
148, 157–158
holidays and festivals
150
household articles
157
huǒ 火 and derived concepts
172
in Australian English
60
in Bahasa Indonesia
57, 59
in Canadian English
59–60
in Chinese dialects
63
in Chinese minority languages
63
in English
56, 58
in German
57, 59
in Hong Kong Chinese
61
in Japanese
56, 58
in Korean
56, 58
in Macao Chinese
61–62
in Mongolian
57, 59
in Russian
56, 58
in Singapore Chinese
62
in Spanish
56, 58
in Thai
57, 59
kàng 炕 and derived concepts
175
labor
159
language
151–152
law
159
literature
150, 158
lǐ 禮 and derived concepts
173–174
lóng 龍 and derived concepts
174–175
marriage customs
154
martial arts
151
moral and ethical concepts
152
physical
156–158
political systems
152, 158
psychological
159–160
qì 氣 and derived concepts
176
rén 仁 and derived concepts
177
rú 儒 and derived concepts
176–177
xiào 孝 and derived concepts
160–166
xié 邪 and derived concepts
171
yì 義 and derived concepts
166–171
conceptual gap items and semantic parameters
194–195
conceptual gaps
as opposed to generic items
137–139
conceptual meaning
42–44, 55, 75, 79, 84, 92–93, 99–101, 103, 107, 166, 188, 195
Confucianism
14n12, 31–32, 40n23, 57, 65, 124, 166–171, 173, 176–177
Confucius
68, 141, 162, 167, 168n47, 206
Cultural Revolution
47, 57, 70, 88, 100, 140, 144
cultural semantics
3, 7–18, 25, 29–30, 33–34, 36–38, 42–44, 46–49, 50–51, 67–68, 70, 88, 108–109, 116–118, 121, 123, 131–133, 136, 138, 147n18, 160, 166, 171, 178–185, 188, 191–194, 196–203
theoretical significance
7–9
Culture
as a learnable system
23
as a system with individuality and commonality
23–24
as pattern-based
21–22
as symbol-based
22
classifactions
18–20
Cultural triangle
20
Dichotomy theory
19
Five-part theory
19
Four-level theory
19
Hammerlian model
19–20
in codability
38–41
in morphology
30–33
in pragmatics
36–38
language as carrier
25–27
language as condensate
27–28
language as part
24–25
Material and spiritual culture theory
18–19
Three-level theory
19
culture and animals
105, 117, 121–126
culture and color terms
16, 89–90, 92–100, 113, 127–129, 130–131
black
127, 130
green
89–90
red
92–100, 113
white
127, 129, 131
yellow
16, 127–129, 131
culture and kinship terms
39–40, 195
culture and numbers
101–103, 106, 189–190
culture and parts of the body
84–87, 106, 109
dictionaries
13, 18–19n2, 44, 47, 52n3, 54n10, 57n12, 69–70, 74n3, 78–80, 83–84, 87–89, 89n27, 90n31, 91n35, 93–94, 101–102, 104, 105n47, 109, 110n4–6, 111n8, 112, 114–115, 118, 120, 122, 127, 129n33, 137, 153n19, 156, 160, 164–166, 171–177, 180–182, 185–190, 187n3, 190n5, 192–193, 196, 198
annotations
14, 175, 184, 188, 191–192, 195–198
Cambridge International Dictionary of English (CIDE)
192
Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary
192–193
Collins FLTRP English-Mandarin Chinese Dictionary
93–94, 101
Dùfǔ shīgē jiànshǎng cídiǎn 杜甫詩歌鑒賞辭典 [Appreciation Dictionary of Du Fu’s poems]
91n35
Hànyǔ guósú cídiǎn 漢語國俗詞典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Culture]
47
NTC’s Dictionary of China’s Cultural Code Words
13
Oxford Advanced Learners’ English-Chinese Dictionary
89, 193
The Commercial Press Learner’s Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese (CPLD)
180–182, 185–190, 196, 198
Tóngyìcí cílín 同義詞詞林 [A Forest of Chinese Synonyms]
120
Xiàndài hànyǔ cídiǎn 現代漢語詞典 [Dictionary of Modern Chinese]
18, 19n2, 44, 52n3, 54n10, 57n12, 69–70, 74n3, 78–80, 83–84, 87–88, 89n27, 90n31, 93–94, 101–102, 104, 105n47, 109, 110n4–6, 111n8, 112, 114–115, 118, 122, 127, 129n33, 137, 153n19, 156, 160, 164–166, 171–177, 187n3, 190n5
Double Ninth Festival
133, 150, 156, 159
Dragon Boat Festival
68, 150, 155
Eastern Han dynasty
66
etymology
30, 33–35, 44, 48, 107, 200
French
41, 49, 86, 87
Functionalism
2
German
49, 57, 59, 85–86
Greater Chinese
142
Great Wall
110–111, 147, 156
Han Dynasty
163, 168
Herder, Johann Gottfried
3
Humboldt, Wilhelm von
3, 25–27
idioms
37, 98, 103, 197–198
Indigenous American languages
3, 5
Nuu-chah-nulth
5
Inuit
40, 46, 50, 60
Inuktitut
50
Italian
40
item with cultural meaning
16, 41, 43, 72, 75, 77–78, 80, 82, 84, 86–87, 89, 107, 122, 125, 138, 190, 201
Journey to the West
66
Korea
23, 56, 58, 65–68, 85–87
language and cognition
3, 6, 8, 21, 26, 41, 43, 75, 80, 84, 91, 100, 107, 109, 111–113, 139, 184
Lantern Festival
150, 156, 185, 194
lexical gap
49–51
lexical semantics
7–8, 15, 48, 73–74, 116, 195, 200–201
Lexicography
9, 14, 118, 120, 194
lexicon
1–2, 6–9, 11, 15, 18, 28–29, 33, 41–49, 51–52, 54–55, 68, 70–72, 75, 108–109, 112, 116, 134, 138, 156, 166, 184, 191, 195–196, 203
linguistic cognate
63
linguistic determinism
4, 6
linguistic relativity
4–6, 38, 49
Mao Tze Tsung
57, 73n2
Material culture
18–19, 47, 147
Meillet, Antoine
27
Mencius
162–163 , 164n33, 167–168, 207–208
metaphor
16, 28, 31, 44, 53, 73–74, 77–80, 82–84, 86, 91–93, 107, 110–111, 117, 141, 187–188, 197–198
cultural metaphor
16, 77–78, 80, 107, 200
ordinary metaphor
77–78, 80, 107
metonymy
16, 73, 77, 82–84, 86–88, 90–91, 107, 113
cultural metonymy
86–88, 90, 107, 200
Mid-Autumn Festival
150, 156, 185
Ming Dynasty
141
morphology
1, 7, 30, 33, 48, 119
Newmark, Peter
46–48
Nida, Eugene
46–48, 75
phonology
1, 7, 28–29
pinyin
14, 133, 181–185, 187–189, 196–197
polysemy
73, 77, 82–84, 92–93, 110, 113, 131
pragmatics
1, 30, 36–38, 48, 200
Qin Dynasty
136
Qing Dynasty
11, 81, 141, 144, 158
Sanskrit
67
Sapir, Edward
3–6, 15, 25–26, 28, 38, 49, 73, 75
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
4, 6
Saussure, Ferdinand de
25, 27, 45
semantic category
41, 114–115, 119–123, 126, 129, 181–182, 191–192
index
181, 185, 191–193
semantic component analysis (see semantic feature analysis)
114
semantic feature analysis
114
semantic features
114, 117–119, 121–123, 126
semantic parameters
185–186, 191, 194–195
seme
79, 108, 114–118, 121–123, 125–132
attributes
114–115
common
122–123
cultural
17, 108, 114, 116–118, 122–123, 125–127, 129, 131–132
distinctive
114–118, 122–123, 125–126
seme analysis
17, 108, 114, 116–118, 121–122, 125, 127, 131–132
methodology
114–117, 132
sememe
17, 36, 108–109, 112–117, 117n16, 121, 127–128, 132, 187–188, 201
cultural sememe
17, 108–109, 112–113, 118, 125, 131–132
Song Dynasty
141
Spanish
49, 56, 58, 85, 87
Spring Festival
41, 96, 148, 155, 185–186
standards for foreign language teaching
Chinese Proficiency Vocabulary and Level Syllabus
139, 145
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)
12
Standards for Foreign Language Learning:
Preparing for the 21st Century
11–12, 20
Syllable and Chinese Character Vocabulary Level Classification for Chinese Language Education as a Second Language
139, 145
Vocabulary list in Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for Chinese Language Education as a Second Language
139
World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages
12, 20
Structuralism
1, 2, 8
superstition
52, 80, 81, 104–105, 154, 171, 183
synchronic
8, 16, 18, 29, 33, 36, 41–43, 45, 71–72, 74, 82, 92–93, 108–109, 147, 200–201
syntax
1, 7, 28, 29n7
tàijí (Korean vs. Chinese)
64–65, 68, 134, 145
Tang Dynasty
123–124, 128, 141, 148, 170
Taoism
42, 57, 65, 102–103, 105–106, 147, 172–173
TCFL (Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language)
17, 47, 133–134, 137, 142, 144, 177, 186, 188, 190, 193, 200–201, 203
authentic vocabulary use
9, 136
cross-cultural communication
9, 11, 13, 22, 42, 44, 68
word list
133–137, 141–146, 178, 200–201
Thailand
67
The Analects
162, 167n44
Three Kingdoms
141, 150
translation
14, 46–47, 49, 50–52, 54, 68–69, 107, 138
Tylor, Edward Burnett
18
Vietnamese
57, 66, 86
vocabulary
A General Service List of English Words
134, 139
Basic English
134, 139
literary and artistic concepts
141
number of words in Chinese
137
political words
142
proper nouns
141
root words
140
sensitive words
140–141
temporal stability
141–142
universals
134
Warring States period
141
weak determinism
4
Western Jin Dynasty
141
Western Xia Dynasty
141
Whorf, Benjamin Lee
4–6, 26, 38, 49
Williams, Raymond
15, 47
word meaning
30, 41, 45, 49, 72–75, 78, 82, 84, 87–88, 91–92, 100, 107, 108n1, 111, 115–116, 118–119, 121, 139, 166, 184, 188, 191, 195–196
Zhou Dynasty
124, 162
Zulu
40