Quarry 34—The Main Quarry

Maria Nilsson; Adrienn Almásy-Martin; John Ward

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Chapter 5 Quarry 34—The Main Quarry

In: Greek Inscriptions on the East Bank

Authors:

Maria Nilsson

Maria Nilsson
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Adrienn Almásy-Martin

Adrienn Almásy-Martin
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John Ward

John Ward
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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 69–206

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004540699_006

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1 Introduction

Quarry 34 (henceforth ‘Q34’, Fig. 24), also known as the ‘Main Quarry’, is located in the central part of Gebel el-Silsila east bank, approximately 1 km south of the guardians’ house.¹ A series of pathways connects the quarry with Q24 to the north, through large spoil heaps and via the Ramesside surface quarries Q31–33. To its south is located the small Roman quarry ‘Q35’ (see Chapter 6). The main plateau transportation road borders the quarry to the east, while the Nile and two main quays are situated some 50 m to the west, and is reached via two long corridors (Partitions A and G). Overall, the quarry is in a good state of preservation, although several quarry faces have partially collapsed during antiquity, presumably caused by an earthquake based on geological evidence. No modern quarrying has taken place here.

Archaeological, topographical and epigraphical material indicates not one, but two quarries during the Pre-Roman period. Each quarry had its own transportation corridor: the northern and southern corridors respectively. The two quarries were separated in the south by a quarry wall (now Q34.C17–21; F1, 17), which was broken through at the time of Augustus or Tiberius. A preserved Roman ramp currently connects the two quarries and gives an impression of one large quarry, and it is in accordance with its current form that it has been divided into seven partitions (Fig. 25), arranged as follows:

North:

Partition A—the northern corridor
Partition B—the northern section
Partition C—the eastern section
Partition D—the western section
Partition E—the central corridor: a smaller, partially buried corridor located on top of the plateau/spoil heap between the northern and southern corridors

South:

Partition F—the southern section
Partition G—the southern corridor

Following the classification of the seven partitions, the quarry was subdivided into 64 quarry faces in accordance with their orientation (Table 7).

Table 7

Division of the partitions in Q34

Partition	Quarry faces total amount	Designation
A	2	Q34 AN (N: north) and Q34 AS (S: south)
B	17	Q34 B1–17
C	21	Q34 C1–21
D	5	Q34 D1–5
E	2	Q34 EN and Q34 ES
F	17	Q34 F1–17
G	2	Q34 GN and Q34 GS

2 Archaeological Overview

Q34 and its surrounding landscape were initially surveyed in 2007 and 2011, followed by a comprehensive epigraphic survey in 2012–2013.² Simultaneously, an archaeological survey was conducted with the aim of establishing a general overview of the quarry and its infrastructure, including the documentation of pathways, spoil heaps and stone structures situated on top of the heaps and on the plateau immediately above the quarry.³ Five distinct sectors of ancient ruins were recorded: three sectors were located on top of the heaps and two on the plateau. The team documented, in total, 54 clearly defined huts made up of stacked stone, which in general measured between 2.5 × 2.5 meters and 4 × 5 meters. Archaeological surface material, including pottery, charred coal, red bricks, slag products and layers of organic material, indicates that many of the structures on top of the heaps were used as shelters/temporary habitation.

In addition to the huts, all walls made up of stacked stone were recorded.⁴ These were located in direct connection with the quarry faces, plausibly placed there to protect the workers and keep the main pathways free from falling debris. Additionally, nine ramps were recorded within the quarry, which based on their state of preservation indicate different periods of quarrying. Miscellaneous items found during the surface collection included chisel tips, wood fragments (some plausibly of wedges), ceramic items, textiles, amulets, beads, stone offering tables, stone ostraca, etc. A high concentration of burned red bricks, charred coal, large pieces of slag and clear flakes of iron were recorded in Partition C, indicating a workman’s station, plausibly a blacksmith’s workshop.

The ceramic analysis of material from Q34 took place in 2014–2015. The result was a typology that consists of 15 types, which together overall indicate ware for daily use.⁵ Most of these date to the early Roman period, although Ptolemaic and New Kingdom sherds were also recorded.

3 The Epigraphy

Fifty-seven of the 64 quarry faces preserve epigraphical material (no epigraphy on B1–2, 4; F6–8, 14), to which can be added physical remnants of extraction work on all 64 quarry faces.⁶ As in Q24, this includes rope holes, foot holes, postholes, wedge marks, trench marks and, of course, the grooves left from the chisels when preparing the blocks for extraction. In total 487 textual inscriptions were recorded, including 153 inventoried Greek texts, published herein as 149 inscriptions after the successful matching of fragments (for spatial distribution see Figs. 26–27). The remainder include 337 Demotic texts and a single Latin name (included below the corpus in this chapter). In addition to the textual corpus, 3087 quarry marks were recorded (Table 8).

Table 8

Epigraphic distribution in Q34, including detached cliff fragments

Partition	Greek inscriptions	Demotic inscriptions	Latin or pseudo script	Total inscriptions	Quarry marks	Total graffiti
A	1	54		55	454	509
B		19		19	376	395
C	31	159	2	192	1554	1746
D	7	19		26	144	170
E					23	23
F	101	72		173	359	532
G	9	10	3	22	177	199
TOTAL	149	333	5	487	3087	3574

In terms of the pictorial context, the northern section (Partitions A–D) is dominated by harpoons, which with 1281 examples represent over 50 % of the quarry marks in the northern section, and 41 % of the total number of marks in Q34.⁷ The harpoons are often accompanied by ‘hourglasses’ (264 examples),⁸ circles intersected by a vertical or horizontal bar (123 examples),⁹ offering tables (158 examples) and horned altars (136 examples).¹⁰ Less frequent representations include tridents, anthropomorphic figures, animals, geometric shapes, pentagrams, single Greek letters (see Chapter 2), birds, and so on.¹¹ The quarry mark repertoire and associated occurrence rate are more limited in the south than in the north, with 536 compared to 2551 marks (17/83 %).¹² The motif corpus in the south (Partitions F–G) is dominated by a stone vessel (Gardiner’s W9; ẖnm) and an ankh, often found paired in series and frequently also including offering tables.¹³ In the south, the ankh is recorded with 157 examples, the vessel with 128 examples and the offering table with 79 examples, together making up 68 % of the quarry marks displayed in the partition, and just under 12 % in the quarry as a whole.

Historically, only a small part of the epigraphy has received attention.¹⁴ The main publication was by Presigke and Spiegelberg, based on Legrain’s field notes, in which were presented 179 catalogue entries from Q34, therein referred to as ‘Carrière III–IV’. However, as with Q24, the previously presented corpora remained incomplete and several of the facsimiles and translations were erroneous, because of which all the entries had to be relocated, re-documented, and reproduced by the current team.

The corpus of 149 Greek texts published herein are distributed over five of the seven partitions, excluding Partitions B and E. As demonstrated in Fig. 28, there is an evident concentration of Greek texts in the southern section of the quarry, with 101 inscriptions (68 %) in Partition F, and another 9 (6 %) in Partition G, making a total of 110 Greek texts (74 %) in this area. The northern section displays 39 Greek texts (26 %), with 31 inscriptions concentrated in Partition C (21 %).

Looking closer at Partition F (Figure 29), in which the majority of Greek texts are situated, nearly all examples (93 of 101 texts, 85 %) are situated in the eastern section, in the deepest part of the quarry. This is also where the majority of adoration texts (proskynemata) are found (Figure 30: 50 examples of the total of 60 recorded proskynema texts, 83 %).

4 Contents of Texts

While proskynemata are very frequent (40 %), the main category of text is signatures (83 texts, 56 %) consisting of a name with or without patronymic. Additionally, nine texts are placed within a tabula ansata, and another two within an offering table, suggesting an intended devotional commemoration. Six texts remain unclassified/illegible due to their fragmentary state of preservation.

A few graffiti are nicely executed by an experienced hand, including nos 37, 39, 41, 57, two of which are included in the few full sentence texts:

no. 35 τὸ προσκύνημα Καίσις Κέμελος Παράθης Φατρῆς ἔγραφα;

no. 37 Πτολλίων Παμπανίσκου Πτολλίωνος χρηστὲ χαῖρε;

no. 39 Λούκιος Γαίου χρηστὲ χαῖρε

and no. 154 Σαούας Ἀγαθίνου τὸ προσκύ⟨νη⟩μ\α/ αὐτοῦ ὧδε παρὰ τῆς Τήχης τῆς λατομίας̣ τοῦ Ἄμμωνος (ἔτους) μαʹ Καίσαρος Φαῶφι ιεʹ.

However, several graffiti were badly executed and/or contain graphical or grammatical mistakes, variants. Letters were occasionally omitted (e.g. no. 82: Λογίνου for Λογγίνου), others are incorrectly ordered. Alpha appears sporadically without the horizontal line as a lambda (e.g. no. 150). Various spellings of προσκύνημα occur (e.g. no. 32: τὸ π{ο}ροσκύνεμα; no. 68: προσκύ{ει}νη(μα)), and some letters are shaped inaccurately, such as rho, which is often engraved with the vertical bar drawn on the right side instead of the left (e.g. no. 146). The variation in spelling between omega and omicron is a well-known phenomenon in this period, and occurs repeatedly in Partition F, where the definite article τώ written for τό (nos 100, 101, 109, 135, 136).¹⁵ The voiceless velar kappa is used for the voiced gamma on five occasions in the noun προσγύνημα/προσκύνημα (nos 100, 101, 104, 105, 106), twice coinciding with the omega-omicron interchange.

Several graffiti are unfinished (nos 22–24a, 31, 50, 54, 56, 58, 64, 69–75, 77, 80, 93–94, 98, 124–125, 136–137, 143, 167), usually due to the unevenness of the surface (or termination thereof) that made the execution of the text impossible. This would also explain the unfinished first line of nos 45, 59, 67, 88, 115, 122, 157/157 and 161 where the scribe, recognising the difficulty of writing on the unsmoothed wall, simply restarted the text one line below, where the surface was better. On the other hand, some signatures were likely to have been written deliberately in an abbreviated form (e.g. nos 54, 157, 163) and some as monograms (see Chapter 2). There are also a couple of examples of ancient erasure (nos 112, 114).

The dedicators’ names are occasionally written in the nominative after the word τὸ προσκύνημα. Here, these cases are not interpreted as erroneously written, but rather as two phrases separated by a colon (e.g. no. 32: τὸ π{ο}ροσκύνημα Πτολίον… ‘The proskynema (of) Ptolion…’). The phenomenon is also known from other sites.¹⁶ The patronym written after the dedicator’s name frequently occurs in the nominative and it is difficult to determine whether this is a grammatical error or if the text was intended as a list of names without any filiation between the individuals. However, the use of the nominative instead of the grammatically correct genitive may be a sign of unfamiliarity with Greek declensions, as the badly executed texts have a tendency to ignore the correct declension whereas the properly written ones do not.

5 Dedicators

The Greek text corpus from Q34 presents 226 names. Twenty-two of these may represent duplicates, in which one individual is mentioned more than once, so that the total number of individuals was at least 204. The total includes 122 persons listed as the main subject, 23 as the second, four as the third, two as the fourth, and another person as the fifth in a list of names, i.e. a total of 152 persons in the nominative (or genitive if in a proskynema text). In addition, names are listed as patronyms, two as grandfathers and two as sons. The most frequent names include Agathinos (listed six times); Ammonios (five examples), Apollonios (five examples), Peteakoes (five examples), Petearsnouphis (four examples), Harpaesis (four examples), Petechnoubis (three examples), etc.

Though most names (Fig. 34) are of Egyptian origin (114 names), a significant number are Greek (76 examples).¹⁷ A few are Greek versions of Latin (14 examples), for example no. 35. Καίσις Κέμελος, no. 106. Πετρώνιος, no. 147. Ὁνόριος, no. 156. Λόλλις.

The nicely written and grammatically correct texts, including nos 35, 37 and 39, are situated in the north-eastern area, including quarry faces C13–14, and D1. These include at least one proper Latin name (no. 39. Λούκιος Γαίου), and texts nos 35–36 make use of a Latin “R” for the name of the dedicator: Παράθης. Another Roman name, “Faustus”, written in Latin, is situated nearby (included as an addendum in the end of this chapter).

The proskynemata of the individuals with Latin names (or Roman origin) are overall very nicely written, which may indicate persons of societal standing and higher education.

6 Name Variants and Scribes

Some names appear as ‘new’, previously unknown or unattested variants (e.g. no. 164: Ἡρσίεσις, from Ἁρσιῆσις). Other examples are attested uniquely at Gebel el-Silsila (e.g. no 24a: Φατρέχη(μις); no. 27: Παμπάνισκος; no. 47: Πάμχηλφις). Some signatures are likely to be hypocoristic (e.g. no. 45: Πάμπως). There is no reason to suppose that all the graffiti were written by the dedicators themselves, and it is evident that some proskynemata were written by the same hand but contain different names. ‘Πετεάρσνουφις Κτήσωνος’ appears in two graffiti (nos 63 and 155), but with two name variants. Some persons engraved more than one proskynema, written close to each other (e.g. nos 78–79: Ἀθηναῖος; nos 35–36: Παράθης Φατρῆς) or in different parts of the quarry (e.g. nos 64 and 83: Ψανσνῶς Πετεπούηρις).

7 Dates, Professions and Religious Functions

Seven texts include a date, either with or without the word ‘Kaisaros’: no. 27: ‘Year 30’; no. 32: ‘Year 40’; no. 33: ‘Year 41’; no. 47 ‘Year 40 of Caesar’; no. 129: ‘Year 3’; no. 154: ‘Year 41, Phaophi 15’; and no. 161: ‘Year 40 of Caesar’. In addition, no. 24b provides the date ‘Year 8, Shemu III, Day 26’ for no. 24a. Beside these, only onomastic data enable relative dating of the texts as the palaeographical analysis is often uncertain in the case of graffiti. Four dates (nos 27, 32–33, 47; five if including no. 24a–b) were recorded in Partition C, two in Partition F (nos. 129, 154), and one in Partition G (no. 161). Text that lists year 40 and 41 evidently refer to the reign of Augustus, and it can be assumed that the early dates refer to the reign of Tiberius.¹⁸

Three texts list the profession of the dedicators: no. 53: σιτόμετρος, no. 47: ἀρχιτέκ[τ]ων, and no. 109: στρατιώτης. In addition, a few text provide a religious role or title of the individual, including no. 155: προστάτης Ἄμμωνος θεοῦ μεγίστου καὶ Ἀθηνᾶ⟨ς⟩ θεᾶ⟨ς⟩ μεγίστη⟨ς⟩, the ‘leader/chief of Ammon, the greatest god and of Athena, the greatest goddess’. The same title—προστάτης—also occurs in nos 63, 88 and 141. No. 88 and no. 141 are not mentioning of what god they served as ‘leaders’. Nos 63 and 155, however, both specify Ammon. The title—προστάτης—is a Greek equivalent of the demotic rd¹⁹ that held a religious significance, generally the administrator of a temple,²⁰ and here is associated with (the construction of) the temples for which the stone was extracted.²¹ In addition to the already mentioned Ammon and Athena, nos 57 and 154 include reference to Tyche, as the Shaï or divine ‘Fate’. No. 154, furthermore, lists the microtoponym for the southern part as the ‘quarry of Ammon’.²²

8 Corpus

No. 21

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.AS.Inscr.1

Measurements: L. 26, W. 72 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 163; SB III 6902; I. Thèbes à Syène 140; TM Text ID 54279

1.	ΨΕΝΑΗϹΙΕΡΑ ͟͞
2.	ΔΙΔΥΜΗΙ
1.	Ψενάης Ἱέραξ̣
2.	Διδύμη . (…)
1.	Psenaes (and) Hierax
2.	(and) Didyme…

Commentary

L 1: Graff. Silsile 163 footnote; I. Thèbes à Syène 140: ἱερε[ύϛ]. The last letter of Ἱέραξ̣. is damaged by a small posthole.

Ψενάης is only attested here and it must be considered whether this is an error for Ψεν⟨τ⟩άης. There is another possible example from Elephantine (P. Brugsch. 14 Vo l. 5), but the reading is not secure.
The name Hierax is attested twice (previously unpublished texts) in Partition C (see nos 26–27).

L 2: Graff. Silsile 163; I. Thèbes à Syène 140: Δίδυμη. Διδύμη . (…) is possibly an unfinished name. However, only women’s names are known with the beginning Διδύμη- (cf. Διδύμη, Διδυμητάριον). It is not likely that this was the mother’s name—which is usually not mentioned in inscriptions without the word μητρός—but presumably a third individual.

Fragmentary painted (mauve) outlines indicate a well prepared and intentional (non-sporadic) inscription. Encircled and marked with chalk as no. 243.

No. 22

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C3.Inscr.1

Measurements: L. 14.5, W. 38 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 244; SB III 6909; I. Thèbes à Syène 150; TM Text ID 54330

1.	ΠΑΟΜΦ
2.	ΕΝΘΙ⸜
1.	Παομφ-
2.	ενθ.(…)
1–2.	Paomphenth(…)

Commentary

Graff. Silsile 244, I. Thèbes à Syène 150: Παομψ | ενθι.

A long vertical line is located above and between the alpha and omicron of L. 1. The name is not damaged and the horizontal line written at the end of line 2 indicates an abbreviation.

The last letter of the first line seems to be a phi but it could also be interpreted as a badly written psi. In this case, we would read Παομψένθ(ωτης). This may be a to-date unattested variant of the Greek rendering of Pꜣ-ꜥẖm-pꜣ-šr-n-Ḏḥwti҆.²³

No. 23

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C6.Inscr.1

Measurements: L. 16, W. 24 cm

Height above the ground: c. 2.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΠΑ
1.	Πα(…)
1.	Pa(…)

Commentary

Although it is tempting to identify the current text with no. 2, Paompsenth(---), the style is quite dissimilar, written here with a broken-bar alpha compared with a straight, horizontal bar in the previous text.

No. 24a

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C6.Inscr.2

Measurements: L. 41, W. 67 cm

Height above the ground: c. 3 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 242; SB III 6908; I. Thèbes à Syène 149; CIG 3 4857 & add. p. 1218; Moje 2014 no. 18; TM Text ID 54329

1.	ΦΑΤΡΕΧΗ-
2.	ΨΕΝΗϹΙϹ
1.	Φατρέχη(μις)
2.	Ψένησις
1.	Phatreche(mis)
2.	Psenesis

Commentary

Graff. Silsile 242: Φατρεχῆ(μις) | Ψενῆσις; I. Thèbes à Syène 149: Φατρεχῆς̣ | Ψενῆσις. No. 24a and b are situated next to (right of) a boat, depicted with nine oars, a steering oar/rudder, mast and sail, moving in a direction away from the quarry, to the west.

L. 1: Φατρέχη(μις) is an abbreviated Greek rendering of the Egyptian name Pꜣ-ḥtr-ḫm (see no. 24b). The complete form of the Greek is not known from other sources.

L. 2: Ψένησις, cf. with the dedicator in no. 25. Ψένησις is in the nominative, which may be either a grammatical mistake for a patronym or two people are listed here. If Phatrechemis is the same person as the dedicator of the demotic text, No. 24b (Phatrechemis son of Phatrechemis), Psenesis is not a patronym here.

No. 24b (Demotic)

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C6.Inscr.3

Measurements: L. 17, W. 77 cm

Height above the ground: c. 3 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 242; Moje 2014 no. 18; TM Text ID 54329

n ḥꜣ.t-sp 8.t i҆bt-3 šmw sw 26 Pꜣ-ḥtr-ḫm sꜣ sp-sn

In regnal year 8, third month of Shemu, day 26, Phatrechemis, son of the same

Commentary

In Graff. Silsile 242 sꜣ sp-sn is omitted in the translation. Moje 2014 no. 18: sw 6.

If this text dates to the reign of Augustus, then the date will be 22 BC, July 20. If to Tiberius, AD 22, 20 July. This also provides a temporal frame for no. 24a.

No. 25

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C7.Inscr.1

Measurements: L. 15, W. 108 cm

Height above the ground: c. 3.5 m above ledge floor (c. 10.5 m above the ground)

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΨΕΝΝΗϹΙϹΠΕΤΕϹΘΕΥϹ
2.	ΩΡΟϹΠΑΜΠΑΧΟΙϹ
1.	Ψέννησις Πετεσθεύς
2.	̔͂Ωρος Παμπάχοις
1.	Psennesis (son of) Petestheus
2.	Horos (son of) Pampachois

Commentary

Considering their proximity, Psennesis here may be the same person as mentioned as a father in no. 4 above.

L. 1: Theta in the name Πετεσθεύς is damaged but the reading is secure.

L. 2: Παμπάχοις is attested only here and in O. Mus. Ont. 2 287 col. 2 l. 16 from Dendera. The first part of the compound name, Παμ- may be a variant of Παχομ-, the Greek rendering of the Egyptian Pꝫ-Ꜥẖm ‘the falcon’, a popular element in names from Edfu.²⁴ Accepting this interpretation, Παμπάχοις may be a variant of Παχουμπάχοις, the Greek rendering of the Egyptian Pꝫ-Ꜥẖm-pa-ḫy.²⁵ There are many names starting with the element Παμ- attested in this part of the quarry, which may connect the people who worked here to Edfu.

Both fathers’ names are in the nominative.

No. 26

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C7.Inscr.2

Measurements: L. 7.5, W. 19 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m above ledge floor (c. 8 m above the ground)

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΙΕΡΑΞ
1.	Ἱέραξ
1.	Hierax

Commentary

The text is barely visible due to distinct, deep underlying tool marks. Hierax is also the scribe of no. 27.

No. 27

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C7.Inscr.3

Measurements: L. 9 (excluding the harpoon), W. 60 cm

Height above the ground: c. 2 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΛΙΕΡΑΞΜ̣Α̣ΓΝ̣ΑΥ ΠΑΒΙϹ
1.	Τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	(ἔτους) λʹ (?) Ἱέραξ Μ̣ά̣γν̣αυ^vvvvΠ^vvάβις
1.	The proskynema
2.	Year 30, Hierax son of Magnus? (and) Pabis?

Commentary

L. 1: Line 1 is considerably smaller than line 2. The final two letters of the first line are separated by the lower part of a harpoon. The letters were composed with a damaged tool, creating irregular outlines and a generally sloppy style of writing. Marked in chalk as no. 212.

L. 2: The last letter of Ἱέραξ is much larger than the rest of the name.

Μ̣ά̣γν̣αυ written possibly for Μάγνου.

No. 28

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C8.Inscr.9

Measurements: L. 7, W. 41 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΕΠΙΜΑΧΟ̣Ϲ̣
1.	Ἐπίμαχο̣ς̣
1.	Epimachos

Commentary

The sigma at the end of the word was never completed. The same name is attested elsewhere in the region; cf. I. Thèbes à Syène 186 (Shatt el-Rigal).

No. 29

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C8.Inscr.10

Measurements: L. 14 (letter size c. 7 cm) W. 74 cm

Height above the ground: c. 2 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 241; SB III 6907; I. Thèbes à Syène 148; TM Text ID 54328

1.	ΠΑΤΕΧΝΟΥΒΙϹ
1.	Πατέχνουβις
1.	Patechnoubis

Commentary

The signature is situated to the right of the depiction of a boat, perhaps indicating the profession of the person. The same name is attested in Gebel el-Silsila; see no. 119.

No. 30

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C9.Inscr.2

Measurements: L. 9.5, W. 22.5 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 216; SB III 6906; I. Thèbes à Syène 147; TM Text ID 54308

1.	ΠΙΒΗΧΙϹ
2.	ΠΙΩϹ
1.	Πίβηχις
2.	Πιῶ ^v ς
1.	Pibechis
2.	Pios

Commentary

L. 2: Graff. Silsile 216: Πίω(νος), I. Thèbes à Syène 147: Πιβῆχις Πιῶς̣. Πιῶς is attested only here and P. Mich. 500 l. 6 = TM Text ID 25193. We cannot exclude the possibility that it might be the Greek rendering of Pius.²⁶

No. 31

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C9.Inscr.23

Measurements: L. 2, W. 4.5 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1.5 m

Condition: poorly preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΠΤΟ
1.	Πτο(…)
1.	Pto(…)

Commentary

The unfinished name can be interpreted as Πτο(λίον) on the basis of the comparison with a signature on a sandstone piece (no. 33) found on the ground in front of the quarry face. Although both texts are fragmentary, the latter one includes three more discernible letters, giving the reading Πτολιω[-], plausibly referring to the name Ptolion.²⁷ Cf. no. 32.

No. 32

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C9.Inscr.12

Measurements: L. 24, W. 27 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1.5 m

Condition: L. 1–2, 4–5: very poor; L. 3, 6: poor

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΟΡΟϹ
2.	ΚΥΝΗΜΑ
3.	ΠΤΟΛΛΙΟΝ
4.	ΠΙΤΥΟΥΠΑΡΑ
5.	ΤΟΥΤΟΙ ?ΠΔΑΙ
6.	Μ(?)ϹΟΥΗ
1.	τὸ π{ο}ροσ-
2.	κύνημα
3.	Πτολλίον
4.	Πι̣τύου(?) παρὰ
5.	τοῦ ....
6.	(ἔτους) μʹ cοⲩ η?
1–2.	The proskynema:
3.	Ptollion
4.	son of Pityas? to,
5.	…..
6.	year 40 …?

Commentary

L. 4–6: The text is very poorly written and the second part is illegible. The patronym, Πιτύας is hardly legible. If the reading is correct, the name is attested first in Egypt.²⁸

L. 5–6: We could not interpret the second half of lines 5 and 6. However, it is possible that ϹΟΥ-Η was an Egyptian word written with Greek letters referring to the day in the date. The writer of the text was clearly not experienced (as the handwriting shows) and may not have been familiar with the Greek noun ‘day’, for which the Egyptian sw was used instead, written in Greek.²⁹ Although this combined dating is not attested to date, Egyptian texts written with Greek letters are well-known.³⁰ If we accept this interpretation, the combination can be translated as ‘day 8’, with the month name omitted. The same word can be seen in text no. 33.

No. 33

Inv.no.: GeSE12.Q34.C9.F1

Measurements: L. 5.5, W. 15 cm (with figure: max L. 11, W. 27 cm)

Height above the ground: N/A

Condition: Well preserved, though fragmented stone

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΠΤΟΛΙΩΝ̣
2.	Μ̣ΑϹΟ[---]
1.	Πτολίων̣
2.	(ἔτους) μ̣αʹ cο[ⲩ?---]
1.	Ptolion
2.	Year 41 …?

Commentary

The stone fragment includes a rough drawing of an anthropomorphic figure (facing right) with avian facial features, presumably intended to depict Thoth. It is likely that it was composed by the same hand as nos 31–32.

L. 2: For the interpretation of the last letters, see the comments on no. 32.

No. 34

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C10.Inscr.14

Measurements: L. 12 (max), W. 38 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m measured from a ramp (c. 9.5 m above the ground)

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΦΩΦΙϹ̣
1.	Φῶφις̣
1.	Phophis

Commentary

The end of the signature is difficult to discern due to deep underlying tool marks combined with a very sloppy handwriting. Φῶφις is the Greek rendering of the Egyptian name Pꜣ-ḥf.³¹

No. 35

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C13.Inscr.1

Measurements: L. 30, W. 240 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m above ledge floor (c. 7.5 m above ramp/18.5 m above the ground)

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2019: no. 28)

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑΚΑΙϹΙϹΚΕΜΕΛΟϹ
2.	ΠΑRΑΘΗϹΦΑΤΡΗϹΕΓΡΑΦΑ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα Καίσις Κέμελος
2.	Παράθης Φατρῆς ἔγραφα
1.	The proskynema Kaisis (son of) Kemelos.
2.	I, Parathes (son of) Phatres wrote (it)

Commentary

L. 2: the third letter of the personal name has been written with a Roman ‘R’.

The personal name Καίσις (for Καίσιος) is the Greek rendering of the Latin Caesius, which is recorded as a patronym in adjacent quarry Q24 (no. 11). Κέμελος—which is in the nominative here—is a variant of Γέμελλος, the Greek rendering of the Latin Gemellus ‘twin’.³² The author is identifiable with the person listed in no. 36. A series of quarry marks follows the terminus of line 1, including (l-r) a lined circle, harpoon, hourglass, cross and pentagram. The father’s name, Φατρῆς is in the nominative.

No. 36

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C13.Inscr.2

Measurements: L. 32, W. 49 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m above ledge floor (c. 7.5 m above ramp/18.5 m above the ground)

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2019: no. 29)

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥ
2.	ΝΗΜΑ
3.	ΠΑRΑΘΗϹ
4.	ΦΑΤΡΗϹ
1.	τὸ προσκύ-
2.	νημα
3.	Παράθης
4.	Φατρῆς
1.	The prosky-
2.	nema:
3.	Parathes (son of)
4.	Phatres

Commentary

Cf. no. 35. The two names are in the nominative.

No. 37

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C14.Inscr.1

Measurements: c. L. 29 W. 105 cm

Height above the ground: c. 4.5 m

Condition: Very well preserved

Bibliography: LD VI: 12, pl. 82 no. 189; Graff. Silsile 201; SB 1 4070; I. Thèbes à Syène 144; TM Text ID 54299

1.	ΠΤΟΛΛΙΩΝΠΑΜΠΑΝΙϹΚΟΥ
2.	ΠΤΟΛΛΙΩΝΟϹΧΡΗϹΤΕ
3.	ΧΑΙΡΕ
1.	Πτολλίων Παμπανίσκου
2.	Πτολλίωνος χρηστὲ
3.	χαῖρε
1.	Ptollion, son of Pampaniskos,
2.	grandson of Ptollion worthy one,
3.	farewell!

Commentary

L. 1: Παμπάνισκος is not attested elsewhere in or outside Egypt but the reading is secure. It is likely a variant of the name Παχομπάνισκος.³³

On the bases that χρηστὲ χαῖρε was generally used in epitaphs, Bernand (I. Thèbes à Syène 144) considered the inscription as ‘évidemment funeraire’. It may be a commemorative inscription of a deceased worker.

No. 38

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C14.Inscr.2

Measurements: c. L. 9, W. 96 cm

Height above the ground: c. 7 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΠΑΧΙΠΩϹΑΡΚΙΝΟϹ
1.	Παχίπως Ἁρκίν⟨ι⟩ος
1.	Pachipos, son of Harkinis

Commentary

Παχίπως is not attested elsewhere and may be a variant of Παχόμπως.³⁴

The missing iota of Ἁρκίνος looks like a spelling mistake, which occurs sporadically with words ending in -ιος.³⁵

No. 39

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C14.Inscr.3

Measurements: c. L. 9, W. 186 cm

Height above the ground: c. 7 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 202; SB III 6904; I. Thèbes à Syène 145; TM Text ID 54300

1.	ΛΟΥΚΙΟϹΓΑΙΟΥΧΡΗϹΤΕΧΑΙΡΕ
1.	Λούκιος Γαίου χρηστὲ χαῖρε
1.	Lucius son of Gaius, worthy one, farewell!

Commentary

Lucius son of Gaius is one of the few clearly Latin names written in Greek at Gebel el-Silsila. As with no. 37, the formula used in epitaphs suggests that the text is a commemoration of a deceased person.

No. 40

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C14.Inscr.4

Measurements: c. L. 32, W. 79 cm

Height above the ground: c. 4.5 m

Condition: L. 1 and 4 are well preserved, L. 2–3 are poorly preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ϹΤΕΦΑΝ̣ΙΩΝΚΑΙ
3.	ΦΑΡΩΝΚ̣Α̣Ι̣ϹΑ[…]
4.	ΠΑΙΔΑΡΙΟΙϹΙΕΡΑΚΙ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Στεφαν̣ίων καὶ
3.	Φάρων κ̣α̣ὶ̣ Σα[…]
4.	παιδάριοις Ἱέρακι
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Stephanion and
3.	Pharon and Sa…
4.	Hierax’s boys

Commentary

L. 2: The fragmentary name Στεφανίων, which is in the nominative here, is rare in Egypt, and known only from three sources (TM Name 24012, P. Laur. 2 35 Ro l. 7, P. Mil. Vogl. 4 212 Ro col. 4 l. 12, P. Oxy. 27 2480 Ro col. 2 l. 10 and 23). However, it is a widely used name outside Egypt.³⁶

L. 3: The name Φάρων is a hapax. Φαρίων might have been intended, with the iota omitted, or Ψάρων, with the Ψ incorrectly written with a Φ. The two letters are often mixed up in the graffiti of Gebel el-Silsila. This latter, rare name is known only from later sources: P. Strasb. Gr. 9 849 col 16 l. 266 and SPP V 127 Fr. 11, l. 5.³⁷ However, Φαρίων seems to be a more likely interpretation as it is more often attested in and outside Egypt.³⁸

L. 4: For the name Hierax, see nos 21, 26 and 27.

No. 41

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C15.Inscr.1

Measurements: c. L. 50, W. 280 cm

Height above the ground: c. 13 m

Condition: Very well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΚΡΑΤΩΝΗΡΑΚΛΕΔΟΥ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Κράτων Ἡρακλέδου
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Kraton son of Herakleides

Commentary

The text is well written with broken bar alphas. Iota has been omitted in Ἡρακλείδου (as in O. Claud. 3 556 l. 3, P. Tebt. 2 316 col. 4 l. 89).

No. 42

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C15.Inscr.2

Measurements: c. L. 10, W. 20

Height above the ground: c. 19 m

Condition: Fragmentary

Bibliography: Unpublished

ΕΔΚ[---]

Commentary

The fragmented word is likely to be an abbreviation, as there are neither personal names nor words with this beginning. The text is interrupted by a fracture and partial collapse of the quarry face.

No. 43

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C15.Inscr.3

Measurements: L. 31, W. 63 cm (with demotic: L. 39, W. 106 cm)

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Fragmentary

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΠΑΧOΥϹ
1.	Παχοῦς
1.	Pachous

Commentary

The fourth letter is here interpreted as a lunate sigma-like omicron. The text is preserved on a larger stone fragment that had collapsed from the quarry face and is partially covered by another large block that fell on top of it. Because of this and the problematic positioning of the text, the facsimile is slightly warped and it is possible that additional text is preserved on currently unreachable surfaces.

Παχοῦς is otherwise only attested in P. Strasb. Gr. 2 125 l. 1, P. Ross. Georg. 5 53 col. 2 l. 1 and l. 12, (TM Name 24205). However, it is possible that this is a variant of the more popular Παχῶς (TM Name 4777).

No. 44

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C15.Inscr.3

Measurements: L. 19, W. 18.5 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Fragmentary

Bibliography: Unpublished

[---]Μ̣ΙϹ

Commentary

The text is preserved on a larger stone fragment that had collapsed from the quarry face.

No. 45

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C16.Inscr.1

Measurements: c. L. 25, W. 40 (with quarry marks: L. 50, W. 111 cm)

Height above the ground: c. 27 m

Condition: Poor

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. 2015, no. 2; SEG 65 1921; TM Text ID 701090

1.	ΠΑ
2.	ΠΑΜΠΩϹ
3.	
1.	Πα(…)
2.	Πάμπως
3.	(ἔτους)
1.	Pa(…)
2.	Pampos
3.	Year

Commentary

Line 1 is possibly an unfinished repetition of line 2.

L. 2: Πάμπως is not known from other sources and may be a hypocoristic form of a name like Παμπάχοις (also attested in graffito no. 25) or, more likely, Παχόμπως.³⁹

No number is provided for the year. The text is situated to the left of a canine depiction, and to the right of a harpoon. The same name is written in no. 46 (on the same height).

No. 46

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C17.Inscr.1

Measurements: c. L. 12, W. 40 cm (with horned altar: L. 25, W. 58 cm)

Height above the ground: c. 27 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. 2015, no. 3; SEG 65 1922; TM Text ID 701091

1.	ΠΑΜΠΩϹ
2.	ΠΑΜΠΩΤΟΥ
1.	Πάμπως
2.	Παμπώτου
1.	Pampos son of
2.	Pampotes

Commentary

Neither Πάμπως nor Παμπώτης is known from other sources outside of Gebel el-Silsila. Cf. Πάμπως no. 25, above. This might be the same person as in the previous inscription.

The text is situated to the left of a horned altar.

No. 47

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C17.Inscr.2

Measurements: c. L. 25, W. 230 cm

Height above the ground: c. 24 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	Μ̅ΚΑΙϹΑΡΟϹΠΑΝΧΕΜΙϹΠΑΜΧΗΛΦΙϹ
2.	ΠΛΑΚΟΥϹΥΗ̣ΤΟΙϹΦΙΛΟΙϹΦΑΦΙϹΨ̣ΑΙϹ
1.	(ἔτους) μʹ Καίσαρος Πάνχεμις Πάμχηλφις
2.	Πλάκου σὺν̣ τοῖς φίλοις Φᾶφις Ψ̣άις
1.	Year 40 of Caesar. Panchemis (and) Pamchelphis
2.	sons of Plakos with the good friends (of) Phaphis (and) Psais

Commentary

L. 1: Πάνχεμις may be a variant of Παμπχῆμις⁴⁰ or Παχόμπχημις if we accept that Παν- was used here for Παχομ- as noted in many names in this part of the quarry.⁴¹

There are no previous attestations of Πάμχηλφις.

L. 2: Πλάκος may be a variant of Πλάκκος⁴² attested only n O. Lund 19, and possibly the Greek rendering of Latin Flaccus, which is usually written as Φλάκκος in and outside Egypt.⁴³

The -η in σύν is the faulty writing of -ν.
Φᾶφις is a name variant of Φῶφις, attested also in no. 34. The last two names are in the nominative instead of the grammatically correct dative.
The first letter of the name Ψάις is badly executed and looks more like a chi-. A harpoon is situated below the initial alpha of L. 2.

No. 48

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C17.Inscr.3

Measurements: L. 13, W. 49 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 199; SB III 6903; I. Thèbes à Syène 143; TM Text ID 54298

ΑΡϲΙΗϲΙϲ

Ἁρσίησις

Harsiesis

Commentary

Encircled in chalk and labelled as no. 227 (a–b, referring to a nearby horned altar too).

No. 49

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C17.Inscr.4

Measurements: L. 9, W. 51.5 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΠΡΕ̣ΞΙΝϹ̣Ι̣
1.	Πρε̣ξῖνο̣ς̣
1.	Prexinos

Commentary

The third letter may be a badly written epsilon used for an alpha.⁴⁴ The last letter is possibly a damaged sigma. Πράξινος̣ is to date known only outside Egypt.⁴⁵

No. 50

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C17.Inscr.5

Measurements: L. 6, W. 3 cm (with demotic L. 9, W. 14 cm)

Height above the ground: c. 2 m

Condition: Poor

Bibliography: Unpublished

3.	ΑΡΚΙ..
1.	…Pa-ḫy
2.	[---] Ḥr-bḥt
3.	Ἅρκιν̣[ις](?)
1.	(Dem.) ..Pachois
2.	[---]Horus of Behdet
3.	(Gr.) Harkinis

Commentary

The Greek line is scratched below a Demotic signature. The names are not the same, but the size of the scratch-mark is identical, and we can suppose that the same writing tool was applied for both texts.

No. 51

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C20.Inscr.1

Measurements: L. 6, W. 37 cm

Height above the ground: c. 2 m (measured from a ramp)

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	[---]Α̣ΜΙΟϹΝΕΧΘΩΤΟΥ
1.	[---]α̣μιος Νεχθώτου
1.	[---]amios, son of Nechthotes

Commentary

The first part of the personal name is now missing due to extraction.

Marked in chalk (= Legrain) as no 230.

No. 52

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.C21.Inscr.1

Measurements: L. 18, W. 238 cm

Height above the ground: c. 3.5 m (measured from a ramp)

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 4); SEG 65 1923; TM Text ID 701092

1.	ΑΡΚΙΝΙϹΠΑΧ ΟΥΜΙϹΠΑΧΟΙϹΠΑΜΒΗ[---]
2.	ΚΑΙΠΑΧΟΙϹ ΑΔΕΛΦΟϹ
3.	Φ Ω
1.	Ἅρκινις Πάχ^vουμις Πάχοις Παμβη[---]
2.	καὶ Πάχοις^vvvἀδελφός
3.	Φ(…) Ω(…)
1.	Harkinis, Pachoumis, Pachois, Pambe[---]
2.	and Pachois (his) brother
3.	Ph… o…

Commentary

The inscription is surrounded by various quarry marks including seven harpoons and a boat. A large harpoon is situated in the centre of the inscription, filling the vacant space in line 2, and has divided the name Pachoumis—in line 1, it was likely carved prior to the signature.

The names are all in the nominative and are here interpreted as listed names without patronyms.

L. 1: The fragmentary name, Παμβη[---], may be Πάμβηκις, which could be a variant of Παχόμβηκις.⁴⁶ Πάχοις may be the brother of Παμβη[---].

L. 3: There are only two individual Greek letters, Φ and Ω, in the last line. These may be abbreviations.

No. 53

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.D1.Inscr.1

Measurements: c. L. 20, W. 160 cm

Height above the ground: c. 29 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΟΥΤΕΥΡΙΟϹ ΜΙΜΙΘΟΥϹΙΤΟΜΕΤΡΟϹ
2.	ΤΟΥΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΟϹ
1.	Οὐτεύριος^vvvΜιμίθου σιτόμετρος
2.	τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος
1.	(The proskynema) of Outeuris son of Mimithos, sitometros (grain-measurer official)
2.	of Apollon(opolis)

Commentary

L. 1: Οὐτέυρις is a variant of Ὀτέυρις.⁴⁷ Cf. no. 54.

Μίμιθος or Μιμίθης is not previously attested in or outside Egypt, but the reading is secure. It may be a lallname or come from the word μιμητός ‘to be imitated, copied’, and could be a nickname.⁴⁸
The title is in the nominative, although the name of the dedicator is in the genitive.

L. 2: Ἀπόλλωνος may be for Ἀπόλλωνος (πόλις), which means the grain-measurer official is from Edfu.⁴⁹

No. 54

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.D1.Inscr.2

Measurements: c. L. 10, W. 35 cm (excluding the quarry mark)

Height above the ground: c. 27 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΟΥΤΕ
1.	Ὀὐτέ(υρις)
1.	Oteu(ris)

Commentary

Unfinished repetition of no. 53. The text is situated next to a crossed square.

No. 55

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.D1.Inscr.3

Measurements: L. 12, W. 83 cm

Height above the ground: c. 2.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: LD IV: 12, pl. 82 no. 193; Graff. Silsile 196; SB I, 4072; I. Thèbes à Syène 142; TM Text ID 54296

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑΩΡΙΩΝΟϹΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ
2.	ΟΔΕΩϹΕΙϹΤΟ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα Ὡρίωνος Ἀπολλωνίου
2.	ὅδε ὡς εἰς τό
1.	The proskynema of Horion son of Apollonios
2.	This one, as to the ⟨ ⟩

Commentary

The stylistic differences between line 1, using square forms for c-sigma and omega, and line 2, using lunate forms for epsilon, c-sigma, and omega, combined with different tool technique indicate different hands. The second line might have been added later and was unfinished.

The text has been placed on a rubbed/flattened background. Line 1 is preserved with control lines (guiding lines) above and below the letters. Bernand (I. Thèbes à Syène 142) translated the second line ‘Celui-ci (est venu) ainsi à cet endroit’ and interpreted it as an hapax formula. However, the line is probably unfinished.

No. 56

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.D1.Inscr.4

Measurements: L. 6.5, W. 29 cm

Height above the ground: c. 3 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥ̣
1.	τὸ προσκύ̣(νημα)
1.	The proskynema

Commentary

Unfinished Proskynema.

No. 57

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.D1.Inscr.5

Measurements: L. 18, W. 48 cm (with tabula: L. 19.5, W. 67 cm)

Height above the ground: c. 1.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: LD VI: 12, 82 no. 192; Graff. Silsile 195; SB I, 4071; I. Thèbes à Syène 141; TM Text ID 54295

1.	ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟϹΙϹΙ
2.	ΔΩΡΟΥΕΥΧΑΡΙϹΤ
3.	ΩΤΗΤΥΧΗΤΩΝΩΔΕ
1.	Ἀπολλώνιος Ἰσι-
2.	δώρου εὐχαριστ-
3.	ῶ τῇ Τύχῃ τῶν ὧδε
1.	Apollonios son of Isi-
2.	doros. I thank
3.	the Tyche of the ones here

Commentary

The text is situated within a tabula ansata with clearly defined horizontal rows.⁵⁰ The text is marked with chalk as no. 233. The same formula is known from Gebel el-Teir and was in use there from the 2nd century AD.⁵¹ Τῶν ὧδε probably refers to the people working in the quarry.

No. 58

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.D1.Inscr.6

Measurements: L. 5, W. 9 cm

Height above the ground: c. 3.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

ΠΑ

Commentary

The beginning of an unfinished word, possibly a personal name or an abbreviation.

No. 59

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.D5.Inscr.1

Measurements: L. 14 (incl. both lines), W. 19 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5

Condition: Poorly preserved/executed

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΠΛ
2.	ΠΑΡΤΒΩϹϹΑΝ[- -]
1.	Πλ(…)
2.	Πάρτβως Σαν[- -]
1.	Pl(…)
2.	Partbos son of San[- -]

Commentary

Shallowly scratched and barely visible. The signature is situated above a horizontal control line. The first line seems to be an unfinished name or it might be an incorrect writing of the name in the second line.

L. 2: Πάρτβως is a variant of Παάρτβως, a name well known at Edfu.⁵²

No. 60

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F1.Inscr.1

Measurements: c. L. 10, W. 65 cm

Height above the ground: c. 19 m

Condition: Well preserved, in parts obscured by wasps’ nests

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 148; SB III 6900; I. Thèbes à Syène 138; Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 5); SEG 65 1925; TM Text ID 54274

1.	ΑΝΔΡΩΝ
1.	Ἄνδρων
1.	Andron

Commentary

Above the text is situated a series of quarry marks depicting a stone vessel, offering table and an ankh; and to its right is located no. 61. Cf. no. 65.

No. 61

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F1.Inscr.2

Measurements: c. L. 12, W. 20 cm

Height above the ground: c. 19 m

Condition: Well preserved, but poorly written

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 148; SB III 6900; I. Thèbes à Syène 138b; Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 6); SEG 65 1926; TM Text ID 54274

1.	ϹΙΕΠΜΟΥϹ
2.	ΧΑΙΡΩΝ
1.	Σιεπμοῦς
2.	Χαίρων
1.	Siepmous
2.	Chairon

Commentary

Graff. Silsile 148: .[.]μους | [..]ειρω[…]; I. Thèbes à Syène 138b: .[.]νμους | [..]ειρω[…].

L. 2: Χαίρων is in the nominative. Graff. Silsile 148: drawing is incorrect.

No. 62

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F1.Inscr.12

Measurements: c. L. 20, W. 145 cm

Height above the ground: c. 15 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΠΕΤΕΑΚΟΗϹ ϹΑΡΑΠΙΩΝΟϹ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Πετεακόης^vΣαραπίωνος
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Peteakoes son of Sarapion

Commentary

The second line is larger than the first and the letters pi and alpha appear different. It is likely the two lines were written by two persons.

L. 2: Πετεακόης cf. TM Name ID 23085, NB 310: The only example outside Silsila is P. Palau Rib. 44 l. 9. Nos 76, 116, 129, 144 are also dedications from Peteakoes but with different patronyms.

No. 63a

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F1.Inscr.16

Measurements: c. L. 30, W. 160 cm

Height above the ground: c. 15 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 143; SB III, 6898; I. Thèbes à Syène 136; Bingen (1990: 154); SEG 39 1675; Moje 2014 no. 24; TM Text ID 54268

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚ
2.	ΥΝΗΜΑ
3.	ΠΕΤΡΑΟΜΝΟΥΦΙϹ
4.	ΚΤΗϹΩΝΟϹΠΡΟϹ [.] ΚΑΙΥΕΙΟϹΑΥΤΟΥ
5.	ΑΤΗϹΑΜΩΝΟϹΘΕΟΥ
1.	τὸ προσκ-
2.	ύνημα
3.	Πετραόμνουφις
4.	Κτήσωνος προσ[τ]-
5.	άτης Ἄμωνος θεοῦ
5b.	καὶ υεἱὸς αὐτοῦ
1–2.	The proskynema:
3.	Petraomnouphis
4.	son of Kteson,
5.	leader of the god Ammon, and his son

Commentary

The text is surrounded by various quarry marks, including stone vessels, ankhs, offering tables, a water lily and a key, as well as two Demotic texts (GeSE.Q34.F1.Inscr.14–15). The beginning of προσ[τ]άτης is written in line 4 and continues in line 5, while καὶ υεἱὸς αὐτοῦ is added later to line 4.

L. 3: Πετραόμνουφις is attested only here and may be a variant of Πετεαρένσνουφις⁵³ or alternatively Πετερένουφις, a name unattested in Greek to date.⁵⁴

L. 4: For Κτήσων cf. no. 155, with whom the person is identified.

No. 63b–c (Demotic)

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F1.Inscr.14–15

Measurements: b: c. L. 15, W. 70 cm; c: c. L. 15, W. 20 cm

Height above the ground: c. 15 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 143; Moje 2014 no. 24; TM Text ID 54268

63b.

1.	Pa-Mi҆n sꜣ Pa-ḥtr pꜣ ꜥ(ꜣ) n ⸢wi҆ꜣ⸣
1.	Paminis, son of Phatres, chief of the divine bark.

Commentary

Graff. Silsile 143: ‘Paminis, Sohn des Pa…’; Moje 2014 no. 24: Pa-Mi҆n sꜣ Pa-[…].

The signs written after ꜥ(ꜣ) n⁵⁵ are damaged but the reading is secure.⁵⁶ The title pꜣ ꜥ(ꜣ) n ⸢wi҆ꜣ⸣ is not attested to date. However, similar titles: rt n pꜣ wi҆ꜣ (‘agent of the divine bark’) and nf wi҆ꜣ (‘skipper of a sacred bark’) are known.⁵⁷

63c.

1.	Pꜣ-šꜥy
2.	pa Pꜣ-šr-H̱nm
1.	Psais
2.	son of Psenchnoumis

Commentary

The pa of line 2 was omitted in Graff. Silsile 143, and the name interpreted and translated without it as ‘Agathodaimon, Psenchnumis’ (also Moje 2014 no. 24). The pa-sign in line 2 presumably expresses the filiation.⁵⁸

No. 64

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F1.Inscr.20

Measurements: L. 9.5, W. 56 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1.5 m above a ledge floor

Condition: Poorly executed, and poorly preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΨΑΝϹΗΩΠΕ
1.	Ψανσνῶ(ς) Πε(….)
1.	Psansno(s), (son of) Pe(…)

Commentary

The second -ν in the name Ψανσνῶ(ς) looks rather like an eta. The abbreviated or unfinished patronym might be identified with Πετεπούηρις cf. no. 83.

No. 65

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.1

Measurements: c. L. 5 (letter size), W. 60 cm

Height above the ground: c. 21 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 10); SEG 65 1930; TM Text ID 701097

1.	ΑΝΔΡΩΝΑΝΔΡΕΑϹ
1.	Ἄνδρων Ἀνδρέας
1.	Andron (son of) Andreas

Commentary

Cf. no. 60. The name Ἀνδρέας, which is in the nominative here, was not previously attested at Gebel el-Silsila, but is well known from elsewhere in Egypt.⁵⁹

No. 66

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.7

Measurements: c. L. 8 cm (letter size), W. N/A

Height above the ground: c. 17 m

Condition: Poor

Bibliography: Unpublished

[---].ΩΑϹ

Commentary

The beginning of the name is illegible due to bird droppings.

No. 67

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.10

Measurements: c. L. 40, W. 140 cm

Height above the ground: c. 11 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Letronne (1842: 156); Graff. Silsile 108; SB III 6869; I. Thèbes à Syène 107; CIG III 4856; Moje 2014 no. 22; TM Text ID 54234

1.	ΠΡΕΜΠΟΥ
2.	ΠΡΕΜΠΟΥΡΟΥϹ
3.	ΠΑΟΡΠΑΥΤΟϹΑΡΧΙΤ
4.	ΕΚ[-]ΩΝΛΜΜ Ω Ν ΘΕΟΥ
1.	Πρεμπου(ροῦς)
2.	Πρεμπουροῦς
3.	Παοραῦτος ἀρχιτ-
4.	έκ[τ]ων Ἄμμ ^vω ^vν(ος)^vvθεοῦ
1.	Prempou(rous)
2.	Prempourous
3.	son of Paoraus, the
4.	director of works of the god Ammon

Commentary

Line 2 is here considered to be the completed version of the unfinished name in line 1 rather than two different people.

L. 2–3: Both names, Πρεμπουροῦς and Παοραῦς, are attested only in Gebel el-Silsila. Πρεμπουροῦς is also known from inscription no. 84. Παοραῦς may be a variant of Παραῦς.⁶⁰ The text is written next to a series of quarry marks depicting an ankh, an offering table and a stone vessel. Below the text is the depiction of a Bes-mask.

Graff. Silsile 108 and I. Thèbes à Syène 107 do not include the Bes-mask in their facsimile.

No. 68

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.12

Measurements: L. 35, W. 170 cm

Height above the ground: c. 8 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 111; SB III, 6870; I. Thèbes à Syène 108; TM Text ID 54236

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟ ϹΚΥΕΙΝΗΔΗΜΗ ΤΡΙΟϹ
2.	ΑΡΠΑΗϹΙϹ
1.	τὸ προσκύ{ει}νη(μα) Δημή ^v τριος
2.	Ἁρπάησις
1.	The proskynema: Demetrios
2.	(son of) Harpaesis

Commentary

L. 1: Graff. Silsile 111: τὸ προσκύ(νημα) ε̣ινη Δημήτριος.

The word προσκύνημα is incorrectly written as προσκύεινη, in a different style and tool thickness to the name, likely produced later and by a different hand.

L. 2: The father’s name, Ἁρπάησις, is in the nominative.

No. 69

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.13

Measurements: L. 24 (max), W. 157 cm

Height above the ground: c. 7.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Gau (1822: pl. X, no. 11); Letronne (1948: 232–233, no. 157); SB V 8387; I. Thèbes à Syène 165; CIG III, no. 4845 and Add p. 1218, TM Text ID 88585.

1.	ΤΟΠΡΑΝΝΟΥΦΕΙΝ̣ϹΛ
1.	τὸ πρ(οσκύνημα) Ἀννούφεω̣ς Λ(…)
1.	The proskynema: Annouphis (son of) L(…)

Commentary

Bernand incorrectly placed this text to the left of a large ankh inscribed with a demotic text inside (for the ankh and demotic text see Graff. Silsile 100 [the Greek text is omitted from the publication]), and with a smaller ankh to its left. The current signature, in fact, is situated a couple of meters away, separated by other marks and texts, and not connected with any large or small ankh-sign.

No. 70

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.14

Measurements: L. 3.5, W. 24 cm

Height above the ground: c. 9 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 7), SEG 65 1928; TM Text ID 701095

1.	ΑΝΟΥΒΙΩΝΠΡ
1.	Ἀνουβίων Πρ(εμπουροῦς)
1.	Anoubion (son of) Pr(empourous)

Commentary

Based on the identical technique and style, the patronym is identified as that of no. 84: Prempourous.

No. 71

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.17

Measurements: L. 7, W. 71 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜ[.]
1.	τὸ προσκύνημ[.]
1.	The proskynema

Commentary

The text is situated between an ankh and a tree branch.

No. 72

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.19

Measurements: L. 10, W. 22 cm

Height above the ground: c. 3 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 107; SB III 6968; I. Thèbes à Syène 106; TM Text ID 54233

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟ
1.	τὸ προ(σκύνημα)
1.	The pr(oskynema)

No. 73

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.20

Measurements: L. 7, W. 32 cm (with ankh: L. 17, W. 46 cm)

Height above the ground: c. 2.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 105; SB III 6866; I. Thèbes à Syène 104; TM Text ID 54231

1.	ΠΡΟΜΠ
1.	Προμπ[---]
1.	Promp[---]

Commentary

The ankh-signs here and in no. 74 were interpreted in previous publications as part of the inscription and a replacement for τό (Tͦ) and the following letters were read as πρ(οσκύνημα) and the abbreviation of a personal name. See Graff. Silsile 105 Πρ(οσκύνημα) Μπ, and I. Thèbes à Syène 104 Tͦ πρ(οσκύνημα) ΜΠ. However, it is also possible that the inscription is an abbreviated name, a variant of a name starting with Πρεμ-.⁶¹ (Perhaps the same individual as no. 74). In this case, including the ankh-sign, the text may be read as a symbolic “give life” formula, or as a male determinative, which supports our interpretation of the text as a signature (cf. no. 17).

No. 74

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.21

Measurements: L. 6, W. 13 cm (with ankh: L. 21, W. 27 cm)

Height above the ground: c. 2.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 106; SB III 6867; I. Thèbes à Syène 105; TM Text ID 54232

1.	ΠΡΜ
1.	Πρ(ο)μ(π---)
1.	Pr(o)m(p---)

Commentary

Cf. Graff. Silsile 106: Tͦ Πρ(οσκύνημα) Μ; I. Thèbes à Syène 105: Tͦ πρ(οσκύνημα) Μ(-). Like the previous graffito, the text is here interpreted as an unknown personal name.

No. 75

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Insc.25

Measurements: L. 8, W. 24 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹ
1.	τὸ προσ(κύνημα)
1.	The pros(kynema)

No. 76

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.26

Measurements: L. 39, W. 107 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: LD VI, Taf. 82, no. 190; Letronne (1842: 154); Graff. Silsile 114; SB III 6871; I. Thèbes à Syène 109; CIG III 4898; TM Text ID 54238

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΠΕΤΕΑΚΟΗϹΠΕΤΕΗϹΙΟϹ
3.	ΚΑΙΤΟΙϹΤΕΚΝΟΙϹΑΥΤΟΥ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Πετεακόης Πετεήσιος
3.	καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις αὐτοῦ
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Peteakoes son of Peteesis
3.	and his children

Commentary

The name Πετεακόης is attested five times in Gebel el-Silsila (four individuals nos 62, 72, 116, 129, 144, one person appearing twice). The use of the dative in τοῖς τέκνοις is unexpected and it might mean (σὺν) τοῖς τέκνοις.

No. 77

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.27

Measurements: L. 19, W. 62.5 cm (tabula: L. 27, W. 87 cm)

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 115; SB III 6872; I. Thèbes à Syène 110; CIG III 4854; SEG 41 1620; SEG 47 2137; TM Text ID 54239

1.	ΕΞΩ .
2.	ΠΕΤΕΧΝΟΥΜΙϹ
3.	ΕΡΤΑΗϹΙϹ ΠΥΓ
1.	ἔξω .
2.	Πετέχνουμις
3.	Ἑρτάησις ^v πυγ(…)
1.	Outside,
2.	Petechnoumis (and)
3.	Hertaesis …

Commentary

L. 3: πυγ(…) is interpreted in Graff. Silsile 115; SB III, 6872; I. Thèbes à Syène 110 as a title, πυγ(ιστής), and this is supported by graffiti found elsewhere (see SEG 47 2137). However, it also can be an abbreviated name, Πυγ(…), possibly for Πύγχις.⁶²

No. 78

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.28

Measurements: L. 24, W. 105.5 cm (tabula: L. 29, W. 133 cm)

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: LD IV: Taf. 82, no. 191; Letronne (1842: 165); Graff. Silsile 116; SB III 6873; I. Thèbes à Syène 111; CIG III 4851; TM Text ID 54240

1.	ΕΟΥϹ
2.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑΚΑΙΠΑΘ
3.	ΑΘΗΝΑΙΟΥΛΟΝΓΕΙΝΟΥ
1–2.	τὸ προσκύνημα καὶ Παθ⸌εοὺς⸍
3.	Ἀθηναίου Λονγείνου
1–2.	a. The proskynema b. and Patheus
3.	of Athenaios son of Longeinos

Commentary

As already clarified in I. Thèbes à Syène 111 (p. 89), following Graff. Silsile 116, there are three different hands represented in connection with the tabula ansata. Two (Bernand’s “1re main” and “2e main”) are situated within the tabula and incorporated here as no. 78, while the signature located below and outside (Bernand’s “3e main”) is catalogued individually as no. 79. The proskynema belongs to Athenaios, son of Longeinos, who used the lunate form for the alphas, compared with a traditional, straight bar alpha used by Patheus. There is also a slight difference in the thetas, as the Athenaios uses a somewhat squarer oval. A minor dissimilarity is also noted in the kappa: the main author produced lunate bars prior to the vertical stroke, creating one single sign; the second author engraved the vertical line first, followed by two detached bars. Similarly, the epsilon of the main author is attached to the lunate letter body, while the second author’s central bar is detached. Παθεούς added his name later with a καί and there was no space in line 2 so he wrote the end of his name in line 1.

L. 1–2: The name Παθεούς is in the nominative here and probably a hitherto unknown variant of Πεθεύς / Πεταύς;⁶³ εοὺς is indent to far right to match the stone.

No. 79

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.29

Measurements: L. 4, W. 16.5 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Well preserved, but barely visible

Bibliography: LD IV: Taf. 82, no. 191; Letronne (1842: 165); Graff. Silsile 116; SB III 6873; I. Thèbes à Syène 111; CIG III 4851; TM Text ID 54240

1.	ΠΛΟΥΤΟϹ
1.	Πλοῦτος
1.	Ploutos

Commentary

The barge depicted below the tabula ansata was probably produced by the same hand as no. 79 based on the style of engraving.

Πλοῦτος (which means ‘wealth’) is a rare name in and outside Egypt.⁶⁴

No. 80

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.30

Measurements: L. 14, W. 41 cm (tabula: L. 22.5, W. 67 cm)

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 117; SB III 6874; I. Thèbes à Syène 112; TM Text ID 54241

1.	ΑΘΗΝΚΟΝ
2.	ΚΑΙ ·ΡΑΙΟΚ
1.	Ἀθην(αίου) Κον-
2.	καὶ[-]ραιοκ
1–2.	Athen(aios) and Konraios (?)

Commentary

The interpretation of the text is hypothetical. The dot on line 2 is here interpreted as indicating an abbreviation, likely joining with the second name begun in line 1.

This reading is in contrast to Graff. Silsile 117 and I. Thèbes à Syène 112: Ἀθηνίων | Καιμίου̣. The current quarry face contains several unique examples of abbreviations practiced at the time.

L. 2: The last letter of the name may have been written mistakenly as a -κ. For the previously unattested name Konraios, cf. Konreis⁶⁵ or Κορραῖος attested only outside Egypt.⁶⁶

The text is situated within a tabula ansata.

No. 81

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.31

Measurements: L. 15, W. 49 cm (excluding partial tabula)

Height above the ground: c. 0.5 m

Condition: Somewhat eroded

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 118; SB III 6875; I. Thèbes à Syène 113; TM Text ID 54242

1.	ΤϹΕΡΝΕΥϹ
2.	ΑΝΟΥΦΙϹ
1.	Τσερνεὺς?
2.	Ἄ̣νουφις
1.	Tserneus?
2.	Anouphis

Commentary

Graff. Silsile 118: Περνεὺς | Σανοῦφις, I. Thèbes à Syène 113: Τσερνεὺς | Ἄνουφις.

L. 1: The first name was read as Περνεύς in Graff. Silsile 118, and Τσερνεύς in I. Thèbes à Syène 113. The traces seem to be more suitable to Τσερνεύς, although the name is otherwise unattested. The signatures are placed within an unfinished tabula ansata.

No. 82

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.32

Measurements: L. 15, W. 82.5 cm

Height above the ground: c. 0.5

Condition: Somewhat eroded

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 119; SB III 6876; I. Thèbes à Syène 114; CIG III 4846; TM Text ID 54243

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΑΠΕΛΛΑϹΛΟΓΙΝΟΥ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Ἀπελλᾶς Λογίνου
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Apellas son of Longinus

Commentary

A horizontal bar underlines no. 82 and separates it from no. 83. Λογγίνος, is written with a single consonant. The name is also attested in no. 78.

No. 83

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.33

Measurements: L. 18, W. 116.5 cm

Height above the ground: c. 0.25 m

Condition: Somewhat eroded

Bibliography: Letronne (1842: 160); Graff. Silsile 120; SB III 6877; I. Thèbes à Syène 115; CIG III 4846; TM Text ID 54244

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΨΑΝϹΝΩϹΠΕΤΕΠΟΥΗΡΙϹ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Ψανσνῶς Πετεπούηρις
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Psansnos (son of) Petepoueris

Commentary

A vertical line, situated to the left, indicates the length of the text. The person is here identified with no. 64. The patronym is in the nominative.

No. 84

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.34

Measurements: L. 18, W. 44 cm

Height above the ground: c. 8 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Letronne (1842: 160); Graff. Silsile 125; SB III 6882; I. Thèbes à Syène 120; CIG III 4846; Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 8); SEG 65 1927; TM Text ID 54249

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΑΝΟΥΒΙΩΝ
3.	ΠΡΕΜΠΟΥΡΟΥϹΙΟϹ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Ἀνουβίων
3.	Πρεμπουρούσιος
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Anoubion
3.	son of Prempourousis

Commentary

Graff. Silsile 125 and I. Thèbes à Syène 120: τὸ προσκύνημα | [Ἀ]νουβίων | Πρεμπουιουεῖος; Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 8): Πρεμπουιουσιος.

L. 1: Note the mirrored rho in the word προσκύνημα.

L. 3: Recent, high resolution, improved photographs reveal the small rounded top of the eighth letter of the name Πρεμπούρουσις, forming a rho rather than an iota as it was interpreted earlier. The name is the combination of Πρεμ- (pꜣ-rmt) and Πόρουσις (Pꜣ- wrš). Cf. also nos. 67, 138.

The writing of the graffito is similar to no. 70, suggesting that the two were written by the same individual.

No. 85

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.35

Measurements: L. 24, W. 80 cm

Height above the ground: c. 8 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Letronne (1842: 161–162); Graff. Silsile 124; SB III 6881; I. Thèbes à Syène 119; CIG III 4849; TM Text ID 54248

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΕΡΜΩΝΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙ
3.	ΟΥ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Ἕρμων Ἀπολλωνί-
3.	ου
1.	The proskynema:
2–3.	Hermon son of Apollonios

Commentary

L. 3 is indent to match the layout on the stone.

No. 86

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.36

Measurements: L. 8, W. 86 cm

Height above the ground: c. 7.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 123; SB III 6880; I. Thèbes à Syène 118; TM Text ID 54247

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
1.	The proskynema

Commentary

Graff. Silsile 123 and I. Thèbes à Syène 118, place the adoration with the signature of no. 87. However, the handwriting of the two shows dissimilarities that suggest two different hands. The distance between the two is another reason why they are treated as two separate texts here.

No. 87

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.37

Measurements: L. 23, W. 85 cm (including the second horizontal bar in L. 1)

Height above the ground: c. 7.5 m

Condition: Generally well preserved, but fragmented in places

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 123; SB III 6880; I. Thèbes à Syène 118; TM Text ID 54247

1.	ΤΟ–^[…..]–
2.	ΜΑΠΑΦΧΑΝΘΗϹ
1.	τὸ [προσκύνη]-
2.	μα Παφχάνθης
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Paphchanthes

Commentary

The two horizontal bars, placed at each terminus of a fracture line at line 1 (indicated by the dotted, grey lines in the facsimile), may signify an abbreviation.

The name Παφχάνθης is not attested elsewhere.

No. 88

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.38

Measurements: L. 29, W. 45 cm

Height above the ground: c. 7.5 m

Condition: Generally well preserved, but eroded in places

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 122; SB III 6879; I. Thèbes à Syène 117; CdE 65, 154 no. 117; TM Text ID 54246

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝ
2.	ΗΜΑΑΠ
3.	ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙ
4.	ΟϹΑϹΚΛΗΠΙΑ
5.	ΔΟΥΠΡΟϹ
6.	ΤΑΤΑ
1.	τὸ προσκύν-
2.	ημα {Ἀπ}
3.	Ἀπολλώνι-
4.	ος Ἀσκληπιά-
5.	δου προσ-
6.	τάτα[ι]?
1.	Proskyn-
2.	ema:
3.	Apolloni-
4.	os son of Asklepia-
5–6.	des, the leaders?

Commentary

L. 5–6: Graff. Silsile 122 ‘(ἔτους) ιθ’; I. Thèbes à Syène 117 ‘(ἔτους) ιθ Σ[εβαστοῦ Καίσαρος]’. SB III 6879 and CdE 65, 154 no. 117 question Bernand’s reconstruction. These are obviously based on the incorrect facsimile.

The word προστάται is either the plural nominative and refers to father and son with the same title, or an erroneous writing of προστάτου referring to the dedicator, Apollonios. (For the title προστάτης, see the introduction).

No. 89

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.40

Measurements: L. 17, W. 58 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5 m

Condition: Generally well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 126; SB III 6883; I. Thèbes à Syène 121; TM Text ID 54250

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΠΛΑΤΩΝ̣
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Πλάτων̣
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Platon

Commentary

L. 2: Graff. Silsile 126: Πλάτω̣ν[ος], I. Thèbes à Syène 121: Πλάτω̣[ν].

No. 90

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.41

Measurements: L. 31, W. 167 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5 m

Condition: Generally well preserved

Bibliography: Letronne (1842: 163); Graff. Silsile 121; SB III 6878; I. Thèbes à Syène 116; CIG III 4850; TM Text ID 54245

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΗΡΩΝΟϹΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Ἥρωνος Πτολεμαίου
1.	The proskynema of
2.	Heron son of Ptolemaios

Commentary

The adoration is accompanied by an unfinished barge, located below the terminus of line 2.

No. 91

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.45

Measurements: L. 8, W. 79 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5 m

Condition: Generally well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 127; SB III 6884; I. Thèbes à Syène 122; TM Text ID 54253

ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑΠΕΤΕΠΟΥΗΡΙΟϹΩΡΟΥ

τὸ προσκύνημα Πετεπουήριος Ὥρου

The proskynema of Petepoueris son of Horos

Commentary

Graff. Silsile 127; SB III 6884; I. Thèbes à Syène 122: τὸ προσκύνημα Πετενούριος Ἡρου Πετεπουήρις.⁶⁷ Cf. no. 83.

No. 92

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.47

Measurements: L. 9, W. 26 cm

Height above the ground: c. 4.5 m

Condition: Poorly preserved (barely visible)

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 9); SEG 65 1929; TM Text ID 701096

1.	ΕΡΜΩΝ
1.	Ἕρμων
1.	Hermon

Commentary

Based on the similar style and technique, and their close proximity, the person may be identified with no. 85, Hermon, son of Apollonios.

No. 93

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.48

Measurements: L. 8, W. 17 cm

Height above the ground: c. 4.5 m

Condition: Generally well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟ
1.	Το

Commentary

The line might be the beginning of an unfinished proskynema.

No. 94

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.51

Measurements: L. 11, W. 25 cm

Height above the ground: c. 4.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹ
1.	τὸ προσ(κύνημα)
1.	The pros(kynema)

Commentary

The pi was drawn with an extra vertical line.

No. 95

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.52

Measurements: L. 45, W. 141 cm

Height above the ground: c. 4 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 128; SB III 6886; I. Thèbes à Syène 123; TM Text ID 54254

1.	ΤΕ
2.	ΠΕΧΝΟΥΒΙΟϹ
3.	ΠΑΜ..Ω
1–2.	Πε⸌τε⸍χνούβιος
3.	Παμ..ω
1–2.	(The proskynema) of Petechnoubis
3.	son of Pam[..]o

Commentary

Graff. Silsile 128: Πεχνοῦβις | Π[…].

L. 2: Πε⸌τε⸍χνούβιος is in the genitive, which might reflect the act of adoration.

No. 96

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.56

Measurements: L. 11, W. 18.5 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1.5 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	[.]ΑΩΝΟϹ
2.	ΠΑϹΝΟΥ
1.	[-]αωνος
2.	Πα̣σνοῦ
1.	[.]aonos
2.	son of Pasnos

Commentary

The text is very problematic due to its poor state of preservation and quality of production. The surface is fragmented.

L. 2: The first letters of the patronym are here interpreted as a pi and alpha, but may equally have been a tau and omega, since the curved right bar of the first letter is separated from the body of the left letter. Since there are no attestations of any name with the beginning Τω-, Πασνῶς is a more plausible alternative.

The signature is situated above a large ankh.

No. 97

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.60

Measurements: c. L. 12, W. 32 cm (excluding the ram)

Height above the ground: c. 12 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 131; SB III 6887; I. Thèbes à Syène 125; TM Text ID 54257

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΠΑΝΟΜΙΕΥϹ
3.	ΑΜΜΩΝΙΟΥ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Πανομιεὺς
3.	Ἀμμωνίου
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Panomieus
3.	son of Ammonios

Commentary

The text is situated above a drawing of a ram, perhaps intended to emphasise the association with Ammon of the patronym. Cf. no. 134, plausibly the same person based on the style, technique and their close proximity on an equal level above the ground.

No. 98

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.61

Measurements: c. L. 4, W. 10 cm

Height above the ground: c. 13 m

Condition: Well preserved, although fragmentary

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΠΑΜ[---]
1.	Παμ[---]
1.	Pam[---]

Commentary

See the similar name in no. 95.

No. 99

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.62

Measurements: c. L. 9, W. 82 cm

Height above the ground: c. 11 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 11); SEG 65 1931; TM Text ID 701098

1.	ΟΡϹΕΝΟΥΦΟϹ ΠΑΧΝΟΥΒΙΟϹ
1.	Ὀρσενούφ⟨ι⟩ος ^v Παχνούβιος
1.	(The proskynema) of Orsenouphis son of Pachnoubis

Commentary

Ὀρσενούφ⟨ι⟩ος is in the genitive and written without an iota. Πάχνουβις is a name variant of Πάχνουμις . Both are often attested at Gebel el-Silsila.

No. 100

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.63

Measurements: c. L. 12, W. 101 cm

Height above the ground: c. 11 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 134; SB III 6889; I. Thèbes à Syène 127; TM Text ID 54259

1.	ΤΩΠΡΟϹΓ ΥΝΗΜΑϹΑΝϹΝΩΝ
2.	ΨΕΝΠΟΥΗΡΙϹ
1.	τὼ προσγ ^v ύνημα Σανσνῶν
2.	Ψενπούηρις
1.	The proskynema: Sansnos
2.	(son of) Psenpoueris

Commentary

L. 1: τώ is written for τό; προσκύνημα has a gamma instead of a kappa. Graff. Silsile 134; I. Thèbes à Syène no. 127: τὸ προσκύνημα Ἀμμώνιος.

Σανσνῶν is the accusative form of the name Σανσνῶς, instead of the expected genitive.
Palaeographical details, especially the curved nu and the style of the omega, combined with the alteration to the definite article and the gamma for kappa, suggest that the three texts, nos 100–102, were written by the same hand.

No. 101

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.64

Measurements: c. L. 11, W. 60 cm

Height above the ground: c. 11 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 136; SB III 6891; I. Thèbes à Syène 129; Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 14); SEG 65 1933; TM Text ID 54261

1.	ΤΩΠΡΟϹΓΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΑΓΑΘΙΝΟϹΔΡΑΚΩΝ
1.	τὼ προσγύνημα
2.	Ἀγαθῖνος Δράκων
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Agathinos (son of) Drakon

Commentary

L. 1: τώ is written for τό; προσκύνημα has a gamma instead of a kappa.

L. 2: See the commentary for no. 100. Identified with no. 105. The father’s name is in the nominative.

No. 102

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.65

Measurements: c. L. 12, W. 45 cm (above the current ground)

Height above the ground: c. 10.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 139; SB III 6894; I. Thèbes à Syène 132; Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 12); TM Text ID 54264.

1.	ΑΓΑΘΙΝΟϹ
2.	ΠΛΑΤΩΝ
1.	Ἀγαθῖνος
2.	Πλάτων
1.	Agathinos,
2.	Platon

Commentary

L. 1: On the facsimile, Graff. Silsile 139 interprets a natural strata break as a horizontal bar, reading the omicron for a theta, and incorrectly replaces the ending lunar sigma with an epsilon. As the second name is in the nominative, it may be a list of names rather than a name with patronym, in which case Agathinos might be identical with the Agathinos, son of Drakon whose signatures are nearby (cf. nos 101, 103, 105).

L. 2: The name Πλάτων is also attested in no. 70.

No. 103

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.66

Measurements: c. L. 7, W. 35 cm

Height above the ground: c. 13 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 13); SEG 65 1932; TM Text ID 701099

1.	ΑΓΑΘΙΝΟϹ
1.	Ἀγαθῖνος
1.	Agathinos

Commentary

The name is often attested in Gebel el-Silsila with different patronyms. Cf. nos 101–102, 105.

No. 104

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.67

Measurements: c. L. 6, W. 54 cm

Height above the ground: c. 11 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΓΥΝΗΜΑ
1.	τὸ προσγύνημα
1.	The proskynema

Commentary

προσγύνημα is written for προσκύνημα.

No. 105

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.68

Measurements: c. L. 17, W. 84 cm

Height above the ground: c. 11 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 135; SB III 6890; I. Thèbes à Syène 128; Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 15); SEG 65 1934; TM Text ID 54260

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΓΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΑΓΑΘΙΝΟϹ
3.	ΔΡΑΚΩΝΤΟϹ
1.	τὸ προσγύνημα
2.	Ἀγαθῖνος
3.	Δράκωντος
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Agathinos
3.	son of Drakon

Commentary

Graff. Silsile 135, I. Thèbes à Syène 128: Ἀγαθίνος Δράκωντος omitting τὸ προσκύνημα.

L. 1: προσκύνημα is spelled with a gamma instead of the kappa. The same person’s signature is also found in no. 101.

L. 3: Δράκωντος is written instead of the usual Δράκοντος.

No. 106

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.69

Measurements: c. L. 14, W. 88 cm

Height above the ground: c. 12 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΓΥΝΗ̣ΜΑ
2.	ΠΕΤ ΡΩΝΙΟϹ ΠΑΧΝΟΥΜΙΟϹ
1.	τὸ προσγύνη̣μα
2.	Πετ ^v ρώνιος ^v Παχνούμιος
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Petronios son of Pachnoumis

Commentary

L. 1: Only vague lines are preserved of the eta, and gamma is used instead of the kappa in the word προσκύνημα.

L. 2: Πετρώνιος is the Greek rendering of the well-attested Latin name, Petronius,⁶⁸ and it is written here in the nominative, after the word προσκύνημα. Interestingly, the father has an Egyptian name while the son’s is Roman.

No. 107

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.71

Measurements: c. L. 7, W. 45 cm

Height above the ground: c. 10 m

Condition: Well preserved, although poorly executed

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΒΑΤΡΑΧϹΙΟ
1.	Βάτραχο̣ς̣
1.	Batrachos

Commentary

The last two letters are badly written. The scribe was clearly inexperienced.

The name is rarely attested in Egypt,⁶⁹ but is well known outside Egypt.⁷⁰

No. 108

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.72

Measurements: c. L. 24, W. 280 cm

Height above the ground: c. 9 m

Condition: Poorly preserved/fragmented

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 130; SB III 6886; I. Thèbes à Syène 124; TM Text ID 54256

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗ
2.	ΜΝΑ ΑΠΟΛΛΩ(?)[---]Ρ̣ΙΟΥ
1.	τὸ προσκύνη-
2.	μ{ν}α ^vvv Ἀπολλώ̣[νιος---]ρ̣ιου
1.	The proskyne-
2.	ma: Apollo[nios] son of [---]rios

Commentary

The surface with the central part of the text is fractured, causing a large lacuna. προσκύνημα is written incorrectly with a superfluous nu: προσκύνη{μ}να.

Graff. Silsile 130 and I. Thèbes à Syène 124: τὸ προσκύνημα Ἀπολλῶ[ν---]σιου, but the sigma is here read as a rho. The identification of the fragmentary name is uncertain.

No. 109

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.74

Measurements: L. 36, W. 184 cm.

Height above the ground: c. 7 m (horizontally parallel with no. 108, but accessed via higher ground)

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 132; SB III 6888; I. Thèbes à Syène 126; TM Text ID 54258

1.	ΤΩ ΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΝΕΜΩΝΙ ΟΥϹΤΡΑΤΙΩΤΟΥ
3.	ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥΠΑΤΡΟϹΑΥΤΟΥΔΙΟΝΥϹΙΟΥ
4.	ΚΑΙΔΙΟΝΥΤΑΤΟϹΤΟΥ ΥΙΟΥΑΥ ΤΟΥ
1.	τὼ ^v προσκύνημα
2.	Νεμωνί ^vου στρατιώτου
3.	καὶ ^v τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Διονυσίου
4.	καὶ Διονυτᾶτος τοῦ ^v υἱοῦ αὐ ^vτοῦ
1.	The proskynema of
2.	Nemonios the soldier
3.	and his father Dionysios
4.	and his son Dionytas

Commentary

L. 1: τώ is written for τό. In previous editions: τό.

The nu in the word προσκύνημα is not complete due to a surface fracture in the rock.

L. 4: Graff. Silsile 132; I. Thèbes à Syène 126: καὶ Διονυτᾶτος τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐ[τ]οῦ.

No. 110

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.75

Measurements: L. 6, W. 23 cm

Height above the ground: c. 6.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 101; SB III 6862; I. Thèbes à Syène 100; TM Text ID 54227

1.	ΤΟΤΟΗϹ
1.	Τοτόης
1.	Totoes

No. 111

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.76

Measurements: L. 24, W. 103 cm

Height above the ground: c. 6.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 103; SB III 6864; I. Thèbes à Syène 102; TM Text ID 54229

1.	ΠΕΤΕΧΝΟΥΒΙΟϹ
2.	ΨΕΝΥΡΙΟϹ
1.	Πετεχνούβιος
2.	Ψενύριος
1a.	Pa-tw sꜣ Thꜣwn
1.	(Gr.) (The proskynema) of Petechnoubis
2.	son of Psenhuris
1a.	(Dem.) Pates son of Theon

Commentary

L. 1: The name Πετεχνούβιος is the genitive referring probably to the proskynema not written out here. In I. Thèbes à Syène 102 this was interpreted as a nominative: Πετεχνούβιος.

L. 1a: The Demotic and the Greek texts are not translations of each other, but seem to be written with the same chisel. Graff. Silsile 103: ‘Patus, Sohn des ꜣwn’.

Thꜣwn is the Demotic rendering of the Greek name Theon.⁷¹

No. 112–117 (Facsimile Overview)

No. 112

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.79–80

Measurements: L. 8, W. 120 cm

Height above the ground: c. 6 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	[---]Κ[---]Ϲ[---]ΤΟϹ
2.	ΨΕΝΘΩΤΗϹ
1.	[τὸ προσ]κ[ύνημα?---]τος
2.	Ψενθώτης
1.	[The pros]k[ynema of---]tos
2.	(son of) Psenthotes

Commentary

Line 1 was intentionally erased during antiquity.

No. 113

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.81

Measurements: L. 6, W. 69 cm

Height above the ground: c. 6 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 16); SEG 65 1935; TM Text ID 701100

1.	ΠΑΠΧΗΜΙϹ
1.	Πάπχημις
1.	Pamchemis

Commentary

It is possible that this is part of one of the inscriptions situated either above or below, but without a clear connection it is treated separately. Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 16) erroneously labelled it as inv.no. 89.

The third letter of the name Πάπχημις can be either a pi or a nu. It is not attested elsewhere but it can be the variant of Πάμπχημις.⁷²

No. 114

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.82

Measurements: L. 21, W. 84 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5.5 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 16); SEG 65 1935; TM Text ID 701100

1.	ϹΗΑΧΟΜΝ̣ΕΥϹ
2.	ΨΕΙΟϹ
1.	Σναχομ̣ν̣εὺς
2.	Ψεῖος
1.	Snachomneus
2.	Pseios

Commentary

The text was erased during antiquity, perhaps due to the bad execution.

L. 1: The second letter of the name Σναχομ̣ν̣εὺς is not an eta but a badly written nu (as the sloping crossbar suggests). The reading of the name is uncertain.

L. 2: Ψεῖος may be a variant of Ψεεῖος/Ψέεις.⁷³ Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 17) incorrectly listed it as inv. no. 90.

No. 115

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.83

Measurements: L. 44, W. 132 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5.5 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 141; SB III 6896; I. Thèbes à Syène 134; Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 17); SEG 65 1936; TM Text ID 54266

1.	ΑϹΚ
2.	ΑϹΚΛΑϹ
3.	ΑϹΚΛΗΠΙΑΔ ΗϹ
1.	Ἀσκ(λᾶς)
2.	Ἀσκλᾶς
3.	Ἀσκληπιάδ ^vης
1.	Ask(las)
2.	Asklas
3.	Asklepiades

Commentary

L. 1: is omitted in Graff. Silsile 141; I. Thèbes à Syène 134; SB III 6896. It is an incomplete repetition of line 2. Graff. Silsile 141; I. Thèbes à Syène 134: Ἀσκλ̣η[πιάδης] Ἀσκληπιάδης. Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 17) incorrectly listed it as inv. no. 91.

L. 2: The name Ἀσκλᾶς could be the diminutive of Ἀσκληπιάδης (cf. Masson 2000: 299–302). Rather then assuming that this is a son and father, we could simply have an attempt by one individual to record his name in its different permutations (Asklas, Asklepiades).

No. 116

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.84

Measurements: L. 17.5, W. 113 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5 m

Condition: Very poorly preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΠΑΤΜΕϹΩϹ…ΥΠΕΤΟΝ
2.	ΠΕΤΕΑΚΟΗϹΘΕΩΝ
1.	Πατμέσως…υ Πέτον
2.	Πετεακόης Θέων
1.	Patmesos (son of) [---]? Peton
2.	Peteakoes (son of) Theon

Commentary

Very poorly executed.

L. 1: Πατμέσως may be the variant Πατμεσίως, a possible Greek rendering of the Egyptian name Pa-tꜣ-msy-ꜥꜣ.t.⁷⁴ The name is not otherwise attested to date in Greek, but Τμεσίως,⁷⁵ for Tꜣ-msy-ꜥꜣ.t⁷⁶ is well-known.

Πέτον might be a variant of the name Πέτων.⁷⁷ The signs between the two names are illegible.

L. 2: The father’s name, Θέων, is in the nominative.

No. 117

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.85

Measurements: L. 13, W. 112 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5 m

Condition: Generally well preserved, but poorly produced

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΠΕΤΕΑΙΛΧΝΟΥΦΙϹΙ
1.	Πετεα…ο.φι.
1.	Petearsnouphis?

Commentary

The text is poorly executed and some letters are hardly legible. A possible reading is Πετεάρ̣σ̣ν̣ου̣φις.

A circular mark, filled with percussion marks, is located to the left of the text.

No. 118–121 (Facsimile Overview)

No. 118

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.87

Measurements: L. max 14, W. 187 cm

Height above the ground: c. 6 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 137; SB III 6892; I. Thèbes à Syène 130; TM Text ID 54262

1.	ΤΟ
2.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑΕΡΜΩΝΚΡΑΤΙΝΟΥ
1.	{τὸ}
2.	τὸ προσκύνημα Ἕρμων Κρατίνου
1.	{the}
2.	The proskynema: Hermon son of Kratinos

Commentary

Graff. Silsile 137, I. Thèbes à Syène 130: 2. τὸ προσκύνεμα Ἑρμοῦ Κρατίνου.

The final letter of the personal name is here interpreted as a nu rather than an upsilon. This provides the reading Hermon.

No. 119

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.88

Measurements: L. 11, W. 46 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5.5 m

Condition: Well preserved, but poorly produced

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 142; SB III 6897; I. Thèbes à Syène 135; TM Text ID 54267

1.	ΤΟΠ̣Ρ̣ΟϹΚΥΝΜΑ
2.	ΠΕΤΕΧΝΟΥΒΙϹ
1.	τὸ π̣ρ̣όσκυνμα
2.	Πετέχνουβις
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Petechnoubis

Commentary

While previous publications have listed five lines of text, with two more individuals, we have divided them as separate signatures (nos 119–121) based on the palaeographic differences and that there are no obvious indications of connection. The adoration is here interpreted as belonging to Πετέχνουβις, to which a depiction has been added of a Roman soldier with avian face features, holding a sword and shield.

πρόσκυνμα seems to be a phonetic variant here that is also attested in no. 176.

No. 120

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.89

Measurements: L. 6, W. 126 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 142; SB III 6897; I. Thèbes à Syène 135; TM Text ID 54267

1.	ΨΕΝϹΟΥΤΕΝϹΙΟϹ ΟϹΟΤΥΧΙΟΥϹ
1.	Ψενσουτένσιος^vvvὈσοτυχιοῦς
1.	(The proskynema) of Psensoutensis son of Osotychies

Commentary

Graff. Silsile 142, I. Thèbes à Syène 135: Ψενιουτεήσιος, Σο̣θ̣ε̣[ὺϛ]. The ninth letter of the first name was interpreted as an eta by Preisigke and Bernand but it is similar to the third letter, which is clearly a nu. The fourth letter is here read as a lunate sigma. The reading of the patronym’s sixth letter as chi rather than psi is based on a palaeographical comparison with the main person’s first letter. None of the names is previously recorded and the reading is therefore uncertain.

No. 121

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.90

Measurements: L. 16, W. 80 cm

Height above the ground: c. 4.5 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 142; SB III 6897; I. Thèbes à Syène 135; TM Text ID 54267

1.	ΠΕΤΕΙΕΝΩ̣ΤΗϹ
2.	ΨΕΝΧΝΟΥΒϹΙ
1.	Πετειενώ̣της
2.	Ψένχνουβ(ις)
1.	Peteienotes
2.	(son of) Psenchnoubis

Commentary

L. 1: Graff. Silsile 142 Πετε[..]τώτης | ιε..ο..δ; I. Thèbes à Syène 135: Πετε[αρ]τώτης | ιε..ο..δ.

Πετειενώ̣της might be an erroneous writing of Πετενεφώτης. The same name appears in no. 122.

L. 2: The last two letters are interchanged and written as -σι instead of -ις in the name Ψένχνουβις, which is in the nominative here.

No. 122

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.93–94

Measurements: L. 17.5, W. 86 cm

Height above the ground: c. 4 m

Condition: Generally well preserved; eroded in parts

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 140; SB III 6895; I. Thèbes à Syène 133; TM Text ID 54265

1.	ΠΕΤ
2.	ΠΕΤΕΝΕΦΩΤΗϹΛΥϹΙΜΑΧΟϹ
1.	{Πετ}
2.	Πετενεφώτης Λυσίμαχος
1.	{Pet}
2.	Petenephotes (son of) Lysimachos

Commentary

L. 1: The line contains an unfinished name: it might be the same as in line 2. It does not appear in the previous publications.

L. 2: Graff. Silsile 140, I. Thèbes à Syène 133: Πετενηφώτη(ς) Λυσίμαχος. The father’s name is in the nominative.

No. 123

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Insr.98

Measurements: L. 30, W. 142 cm

Height above the ground: c. 3 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 102; SB III 6863; I. Thèbes à Syène 101; TM Text ID 54228

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑΠΑΧΡΑΤΗϹ
2.	ΠΑΤΗΤΟϹΚΑΙΟΝΗΟϹΦΙ[-]
3.	ΥΙΩ ϹΑΥΤΟΥ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα Παχράτης
2.	Πατῆτος καὶ Ὄνν̣ω̣σφι
3.	υἱὼς̣ αὐτοῦ
1.	The proskynema: Pachrates
2.	son of Pates, and Onnopris
3.	his son

Commentary

L. 2: The second name, Ὄνν̣ω̣σφι may be an erroneous writing of Ὄννωφρις. Graff. Silsile 102 and I. Thèbes à Syène 101: 2–3. Πατῆτος καὶ οἱ …φ | ον̣τ̣ε̣ς αὐτοῦ.

The second nu in the name Ὄνν̣ω̣σφι looks like an eta.

L. 3: The word υἱός is badly executed and written with an omega.

No. 124

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.99

Measurements: L. 4, W. 30 cm

Height above the ground: c. 2.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΟΠΡΟϹΑΠ
1.	[τ]ὸ προσ(κύνημα) Ἀπ(…)
1.	The pros(kynema) of Ap(…)

Commentary

It is possible that the writer used the offering table as a large tau. The adoration is abbreviated. The name, Ἀπ(…), for which there are many possible extensions including Ἀπ(ολλωνίου), remained unfinished (alternatively in an abbreviated form, as in several other texts on this quarry face). The interpretation of the line is not certain.

No. 125

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.102

Measurements: L. max 10, W. 44 cm

Height above the ground: c. 2 m

Condition: Poorly preserved and overall eroded

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 95; SB III 6860; I. Thèbes à Syène 98; TM Text ID 54222

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΠΤΟΡΘΥΟΙ — —
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Πτορθυοι[…]
1.	The proskynema of
2.	Ptorthyoios?

Commentary

L. 2: Graff. Silsile 95: Πτο̣ρ̣θύθ̣ι…, I. Thèbes à Syène 98: Πτόρ̣θ̣υ(ος). The name is not otherwise attested. A double outlined offering table is situated to the right, and there are three unrecognised signs arranged vertically on the left.

No. 126

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.105

Measurements: L. 17, W. 49 cm (with tabula: L. 23, W. 60 cm)

Height above the ground: c. 1.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 93; SB III 6858; I. Thèbes à Syène 96; Moje 2014 no. 11, TM Text ID 54220

1.	ΟΡϹΕΝΟΥΦΙϹ
2.	ΟΡϹΗϹ
1a.	Wrš-nfr
1.	Ὀρσένουφις
2.	Ὀρσῆς
1a.	(Dem.) Orsenouphis
1.	(Gr.) Orsenouphis
2.	(son of) Orses

Commentary

The text is situated in an unfinished tabula ansata. Line 1a is the demotic repetition of the person’s name (Wrš-nfr), located above the Greek text. The patronym is in the nominative.

No. 127

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.106

Measurements: L. 13, W. 42 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 92; SB III 6857; I. Thèbes à Syène 95; Moje 2014 no. 12; TM Text ID 54219

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗ
2.	Ν̣Μ̣ΑΠΕΤΕΧΝΟΥΜΙϹ
3.	ΑΡΠΑΗϹΙϹ
1.	τὸ προσκύνη-
2.	ν̣μ̣α Πετέχνουμις
3.	Ἁρπάησις
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Petechnoumis
3.	(son of) Harpaesis

Commentary

L. 2: προσκύνημα is written with a superfluous nu. (Graff. Silsile 92; SB III 6857; I. Thèbes à Syène 95: προσκύνημα).

L. 3: the father’s name is not in the genitive.⁷⁸

No. 128

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Insr.107

Measurements: L. 19, W. 60 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 94; SB III 6859; I. Thèbes à Syène 97; TM Text ID 88455

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΥΜΑ
2.	ΠΑΟΥϹΑΡΚΟΝΗϹΙ
1.	τὸ προσκύνυμα
2.	Παοῦς Ἁρκονησι
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Paous, (son of) Harkonesi(s)

Commentary

I. Thèbes à Syène 97: Παοῦς Ἁρκονῆσι.

L. 1: προσκύνυμα for προσκύνημα.

L. 2.: The father’s name, Ἁρκονησι is the undeclined form of Ἁρκόνησις.

No. 129

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.109

Measurements: L. 12.5, W. 49 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Letronne (1842: 166); Graff. Silsile 96; SB III 6861; I. Thèbes à Syène 99; CIG III 4855; TM Text ID 24989

1.	ΓΠΕΤΕΑΡϹΝΟΥΩΙϹ
2.	ΠΕΤΕΑΚΟΗϹ
1.	(ἔτους) γʹ Πετεάρσνου⟨φ⟩ις
2.	Πετεακόης
1.	Year 3, Petearsnouphis
2.	(son of) Peteakoes

Commentary

As already suggested by Bernand, the date belongs to the reign of Tiberius, i.e. year AD 16/17—which is supported by newly excavated archaeological evidence.

L. 1: The vertical line of the phi in the name Πετεάρσνουφις is missing and the letter looks rather like an omega. The patronym is in the nominative. Same individual as no. 144.

L. 2: Graff. Silsile 96: Πετεαροήρ[ιος].

No. 130

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F2.Inscr.110

Measurements: L. 13, W. 86 cm

Height above the ground: c. 0.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 104; SB III 6865; I. Thèbes à Syène 103; TM Text ID 54230

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
1.	The proskynema

Commentary

The adoration is situated to the right of an offering table and above an ankh and a canine figure.

No. 131

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.4

Measurements: c. L. 20, W. 45 cm

Height above the ground: c. 18 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ϹΙΚΕΡΟϹ [.]
2.	ΑΝΔΡΩΝ
1.	Σίκερος [.]
2.	Ἄνδρων
1.	Sikeros [.]
2.	Andron

Commentary

Line 1 and line 2 were written in different hands, so we cannot assume any relationship between the two individuals.

L. 1: There are no other attestations for the name Σίκερος, but it may be a form of Σίγηρις⁷⁹ and Σίκηρις,⁸⁰ name variants of Σιούηρις.⁸¹

The writing of the name Ἄνδρων is almost identical with no. 60.

No. 132

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.5

Measurements: c. L. 5, W. 20 cm

Height above the ground: c. 17 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 18); SEG 65 1937; TM Text ID 701101

1.	ΠΟΘΟϹ
1.	Πόθος
1.	Pothos

Commentary

The pi is written in a slightly cursive, lunate style. Πόθος is knowns only from three sources in Egypt.⁸²

No. 133

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.8

Measurements: c. L. 15, W. 115 cm

Height above the ground: c. 13.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 19); SEG 65 1938; TM Text ID 701102

1.	ΕΡΜΩΝΑΞΠΑΤΑϹ̣
1.	Ἑρμῶναξ Πατᾶς̣
1.	Hermonax, (son of) Patas

Commentary

The text is well written with broken-bar alphas. Ἑρμῶναξ is a rare name (TM Name ID 4491).

The last letter of Πατᾶς̣ is ligatured and partly damaged. It is in the nominative.

No. 134

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.11

Measurements: c. L. 7.5, W. 55 cm

Height above the ground: c. 11 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΠΑΝΟΜΙΕΥΤΟϹΑΜΜΩΝΙΟΥ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Πανομιεῦτος Ἀμμωνίου
1.	The proskynema of
2.	Panomieus son of Ammonios

Commentary

This is likely to be the same person as in no. 97. The text is situated below a shallowly etched stone vessel.

No. 135

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.16

Measurements: c. L. 15, W. 105 cm

Height above the ground: c. 12.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΩΠΡΟΚΗΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΕΥΑΝΘΗϹΠΑΧΝΟΥΜΙ
1.	τὼ προκήνημα
2.	Εὐάνθης Πάχνουμι
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Euanthes (son of) Pachnoumis

Commentary

L. 1: τώ is written for τό, and προκήνημα for προσκύνημα.

L. 2: Εὐάνθης is a Greek name attested only in few sources in Egypt.⁸³

Πάχνουμι is in the dative rather than the expected genitive.

Horizontal guidelines have been used to control the positioning of the letters. A series of quarry marks showing a stone vessel, offering table and an ankh are situated above the text. The patronym is in the nominative.

No. 136

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.18

Measurements: c. L. 5, W. 20 cm

Height above the ground: c. 12 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΩΠΡΟΚΥ
1.	τὼ προκυ
1.	The prosky(nema)

Commentary

τώ is written for τό. προκυ read προσκύνημα. The rho was initially written as a superscript omicron and with the vertical bar incorrectly placed to its right. The upsilon is only shallowly etched compared to the other letters.

No. 137

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.19

Measurements: L. 9.5, W. 52 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗ̣
1.	τὸ προσκύνη̣(μα)
1.	The prosky(nema)

Commentary

The text has been filled and marked (by Legrain) as no. 17 in chalk. The bar of the rho is incorrectly written on the right-hand side.

No. 138

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.20

Measurements: L. 9 (with offering table: L. 11), W. 151 cm

Height above the ground: c. 5 m

Condition: Well preserved in the termini, but the central part is badly damaged due to bird droppings.

Bibliography: Unpublished

	Ϲ
1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑΠ Μ̣ΠΟΥΡΟΥϹ̣ ΠΑΟΡΑΥΤΟ
	ΕΑ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα Π[ρε]μ̣πουροῦς̣ ^v Παοραῦτο`ς´
1.	The proskynema: Prempourous son of Paoraus

Commentary

The kappa and nu in the proskynema are joined by shallow lines creating an offering table that underlines the nature (adoration) of the inscription. Lack of space has forced the writer to place the terminal lunate sigma on top of the omicron in the patronym. The text has been marked in chalk as no. 16.

Π[ρεμ]πουροῦς̣ attested only in Gebel el-Silsila and no 67 is written by the same individual.

No. 139

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.21

Measurements: L. 11, W. 54 cm

Height above the ground: c. 3.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΠΩ[̣---]ΚΑΙΠΙΤΩΝΙϹ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημ̣α
2.	Πω̣[---] καὶ Πίτωνις?
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Po[---] and Pitonis?

Commentary

L. 2: The line is very fragmentary and a possible reading is Πίτωνις, which is attested only here. Another possibility is Καιπίτωνις, which might be a variant of the Latin Capitonius, attested often outside Egypt. Both options are just possibilities.

No. 140

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.23

Measurements: L. 8, W. 21 cm (with tabula: L. 10, W. 28 cm)

Height above the ground: c. 1 m

Condition: Well preserved in parts; levels of superimpositions

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 91; SB III 6856; I. Thèbes à Syène 94; TM Text ID 54218

1.	ΑΓΑΘΙΝΟϹ
2.	ΠΛΙϹΕΥΒΟΤΑΠΙ
1.	Ἀγαθῖνος
2.	Πά̣ι̣ς Εὐβότα(ς) Πι[---]
1.	Agathinos
2.	(son of) Pais (and) Eubota(s) Pi[---]

Commentary

The text is in two hands, the first (Line 1–2) “Agathinos, (son of) Pais” and the second (Line 2) “(and) Eubota(s) Pi[---]”. The letters of the second author are smaller and scratched. Previous publications omit the second text. Graff. Silsile 91: Ἀγαθῖνο̣ς ....; I. Thèbes à Syène 94: Ἀγαθῖνο̣ς̣ | ΠΙΙ̣⟨…⟩.

Εὐβότα(ς) may be a variant of the Greek Εὐβάτα(ς) (known from Ptolemaic sources⁸⁴).

The text is situated within a tabula ansata and the lines are separated by horizontal control lines.

No. 141

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.24

Measurements: L. 58, W. 132 cm

Height above the ground: c. 4 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Graff. Silsile 150; SB III 6901; I. Thèbes à Syène 139; TM Text ID 54275

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΑΡΠΑΗϹΙϹ
3.	ΠΟΥΟΡΕΙΟΥ
4.	ΠΡΟ ϹΤΑΤΟΝ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Ἁρπάησις
3.	Πουορείου
4.	προστατο͂ν
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Harpaesis
3.	son of Pouoreios,
4.	(the) leaders

Commentary

L. 3: Πουορείου is the variant of Πουῶρις.⁸⁵

L. 4: προστατο͂ν is written for προστατῶν and both father and son were ‘leaders’ which explains the use of the genitive plural. However, the dedicator’s name seems to be in the nominative, which means Ἁρπάησις is written here for Ἁρπαήσι(ο)ς. On the title προστάτης, see the introduction.

No. 142

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.25

Measurements: L. 11, W. 55 cm

Height above the ground: c. 4 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 21); SEG 65 1940; TM Text ID 701104

1.	ΠΑΡΑΥΙϹΨΑΡΕϹ
1.	Πάραυις Ψαρες
1.	Parauis (son of) Psares

Commentary

Πάραυις may be a variant of Παραῦς,⁸⁶ or Πάραις.⁸⁷

Ψαρες may be a variant of Ψάρος.⁸⁸ The scribe was either inexperienced or the surface was uneven, as he clearly struggled with the rho and the alpha.

No. 143

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.26

Measurements: L. 7, W. 43 cm

Height above the ground: c. 4 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

1.	ϹΥΝΟΙΕϹΙΡΙϹΚΥ[---]

Commentary

Very poorly preserved and illegible text.

No. 144

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.29

Measurements: L. 14, W. 41 cm

Height above the ground: c. 0.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: I. Thèbes à Syène 99 bis

1.	ΤΟΠΡΟϹΚΥΝΗΜΑ
2.	ΠΕΤΕΑΡϹΝΟΥΦΙϹ
3.	ΠΕΤΕΑΚΟΤ
1.	τὸ προσκύνημα
2.	Πετεάρσνουφις
3.	Πετεακο⟨ῆ⟩(ς)
1.	The proskynema:
2.	Petearsnouphis
3.	(son of) Peteakoes

Commentary

The text has been chalk-marked with an x, and later traced with a pencil (plausibly by Bernand). I. Thèbes à Syène 99bis is considered as the repetition of I. Thèbes à Syène 99 (no. 129).

Based on the parallel text, no. 129, the last letter of Πετεακο⟨ῆ⟩(ς) is probably a badly written eta. The name is attested three times as the dedicator and twice as a father in Gebel el-Silsila.⁸⁹ Probably the same individual as in no. 129.

No. 145

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.30

Measurements: L. 9, W. 34 cm

Height above the ground: c. 0.5 m

Condition: Well preserved

Bibliography: Nilsson et al. (2015: no. 20); SEG 65 1939; TM Text ID 701103

1.	ΨΕΝΑΠΑΘΗϹ
2.	ΠΑΧΝΟΥΒΙϹ
1.	Ψεναπάθης
2.	Πάχνουβις
1.	Psenapathes
2.	(son of) Pachnoubis

Commentary

The text has been chalk-marked with an x and later traced with a pencil. The writing is clear and both names are in the nominative.

No. 146

Inv.no.: GeSE.Q34.F3.Inscr.31

Measurements: L. 11, W. 57 cm

Height above the ground: c. 1.5 m

Condition: Poorly preserved

Bibliography: Unpublished

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Chapter 5 Quarry 34—The Main Quarry

1 Introduction

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Table 7

2 Archaeological Overview

3 The Epigraphy

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Table 8

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4 Contents of Texts

5 Dedicators

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6 Name Variants and Scribes

7 Dates, Professions and Religious Functions

8 Corpus

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