Index
Abendroth, Wolfgang
346
AFA (General Federation of Free Employees)
25, 54, 151, 182, 184, 195, 225, 228, 230, 232, 330, 343–45, 393
Agricultural Workers’ Union
230
Alexanderplatz
31, 121–22, 129, 181
Andreas-Salomé, Lou
302
antisemitic demagogy
178
Arendsee, Martha
314
Aron electricity meter factory
71
art
272, 302, 309
assemblies
76, 78, 86, 90, 139–40, 158, 160, 163, 181–82, 205–6, 251–53, 259, 267
banks
93, 166, 199
Barth, Boris
25
Barth, Emil
66
Bauer, Gustav
36, 336
Bavaria
38, 41, 239, 310, 347
Bayerlein, Berhard
235
Berlin Central Office of Factory Councils
143
Berlin Central Strike Committee
200
Berlin Executive Council
4, 27, 61, 63, 147, 218–20
Berlin Federation of Railway Officials
102
Berlin metal industry
146, 374
Berlin Municipal Tramway
87
Berlin strike leadership
66, 193, 201
Berlin Trade-union Commission
53, 86, 105, 143, 158, 184, 193, 195, 198, 203, 229, 233
Berlin Trade Union School
225
Berlin Unemployed Council
297
Bernstein, Eduard
7, 21, 374, 422, 429
Beutin, Heidi
301
Bieber, Hans-Joachim
13, 111, 241, 301–2, 307, 326, 328–30, 435
Bielefeld Agreement
213
Biennio rosso
18
Bierhoff, Oliver
244
Bölke, Gundula
310, 313
Bolsheviks
17, 366, 371, 385, 404, 419, 422
Bolshevism
5, 7, 168, 179, 359, 364
Borsig
99, 111, 183, 200
Bötzow brewery
117, 201, 251
bourgeois democracy
12, 190, 209, 382
bourgeois-democratic revolution
11, 420
Bramke, Werner
12, 16, 420, 423
Brandenburg
176, 183, 347
Breitscheid, Rudolf
215, 377–79, 393, 403
Brigl-Matthiaß, Kurt
217, 233–34, 328, 397, 436
BRZ (Betriebsrätezentrale)
147, 184, 198–200, 217–30, 232–37, 294–95, 406
Büchel, Franz
353, 429
Bukharin, Nikolai
97
bureaucratism
56, 235, 387
Büsch, Otto
105
capital
23, 40–41, 47, 63–64, 98–99, 118, 172, 180, 182, 217, 250–51, 271, 348, 350–51, 383–84
capitalism
60, 197, 227, 280, 283–84, 299, 314, 378, 383, 392, 394
Central Office of Factory Councils
14–15, 148–51, 198–200, 211–12, 277–78, 293–94, 342, 394, 398, 409, 411–12, 414, 416
Charlottenburg gasworks
103
Chemnitz
187, 235, 250
civil servants
16, 19, 93, 96–97, 101, 105, 111–12, 204, 208, 301–2, 312
co-determination rights
36, 72, 148, 151, 226, 244, 265, 313, 338, 394, 402
Cohen, Max
349–51, 355, 357, 397, 402
Comintern
375, 422
Communists
12, 31, 50–53, 60, 82–83, 85–86, 92, 107–8, 163, 191, 193, 212, 233–35, 295–96, 364, 368–69, 373–7
companies
45, 77–78, 99–100, 109, 150, 221, 224, 322, 325, 327, 329
comradeship
239
Constituent German National Assembly
38, 43, 68–69, 130, 140, 147–48, 159–63, 324, 331–32, 347–48, 363, 368–69, 377, 379–80, 392–93
Control Commission
353
council delegates
109–10, 123, 135, 142, 206, 295, 342, 379, 414
council idea
292, 299, 322, 329, 383, 388, 394, 396, 398, 406, 412, 414, 419
council movement
1–10, 12–17, 19–24, 28–31, 88–89, 96–97, 132–33, 170–217, 235, 237–38, 240–41, 263–66, 299–301, 308–23, 328, 346–47, 372–73, 375–76, 397–98, 400–424
council system
18, 34–36, 71, 75, 88, 141–43, 172, 226–27, 270, 282–84, 313–16, 333, 336–43, 367–68, 381–85, 387–89, 398–400, 402, 404, 407–10
courts martial
31, 125–26, 137, 140
criminals
54, 282, 394
Crusius, Reinhard
335
Daimler
40, 52, 87, 99, 150
Däumig, Ernst
52, 54, 56–57, 59, 196, 199
DDP (Deutsche Demokratische Partei [German Democratic Party])
5, 42, 156, 162, 192, 197, 347
DDR (Democratic Republic of Germany)
25, 363, 425, 439, 447
Demirovic, Alex
13
democracy
167, 170, 173, 208–10, 354, 357, 360, 362, 365–66, 378–80, 389, 392, 404
democratisation
2, 8–9, 43–44, 133, 215, 357, 380, 420
Dißmann, Robert
150, 231, 295, 341–42
DMV (German Metalworkers’ Federation)
24–25, 36, 147, 330, 336, 338–40, 342–43, 345–46
DNVP (German National People’s Party)
111, 163, 177, 286
Döblin, Alfred
103, 110, 121, 123–24, 431
Dresden
41, 68, 177
Düsseldorf
277
Ebert, Freidrich
5, 8, 37, 49–50, 135, 151, 190, 197, 288, 380
Eisner, Kurt
71, 96
entrepreneurs
4, 209, 283, 327, 334, 337–38, 349–50, 367
executive powers
88, 91, 157, 348, 366, 381
factories
43–45, 48–49, 53, 69–71, 74–76, 99–100, 148–49, 181, 198–99, 205–6, 243–46, 264, 290–91, 322–23, 327–28, 331–33
factory councillors
37, 71, 181, 195, 199, 220–22, 231–32, 234, 295, 367, 394
Factory Councils Act
146–49, 172–73, 222–23, 228, 323–24, 326, 328–30, 335, 337–39, 342–43, 345, 351–52, 357–58, 369–70, 391–96
Feldman, Gerald
3, 9, 11, 16, 106, 387, 416
First World War
1, 21, 239
Fischer, Richard
121, 123, 129, 133
Flechtheim, Ossip
361, 363, 369
Frank, Otto
43, 46, 80, 131
Free Trade Unions
15, 211, 224, 228–30, 232–34, 297, 330, 343, 347, 396–97, 409–10
Freikorps
51, 53, 87, 92, 95, 111–12, 116–17, 128–31, 134, 137, 140, 165–67, 175–76, 415, 418
FSJ (Communist Youth League)
243, 246–49, 251, 254–57, 259, 262–63, 266, 268, 411
Führer, Karl Christian
14, 232, 236, 270, 272, 278, 286
Gallus, Alexander
13
General Assemblies
31–32, 44–46, 50–58, 60, 68–70, 72–73, 75–79, 81–86, 88–92, 94–95, 98–99, 101–2, 107–10, 199–208, 210–16, 218, 264–65, 274–75, 317–19, 411–13
General Commission of German Trade Unions
54, 56, 331, 335–36, 338
German Revolution
10–11, 13, 17, 350, 366, 418–20, 422, 424
Geyer, Curt
17, 37–38, 61, 147, 154, 156, 161, 164, 168, 219, 226, 329, 385, 394–95
Gotha Programme
284, 431
government troops
32, 47, 52, 64–65, 87, 104, 122, 124, 126, 128, 213
Grzesinski, Albert
28, 358
Guard Cavalry Riflemen Division
103, 116–17, 125, 137, 165–66, 168, 258, 265, 282
Haase, Hugo
49, 119, 376, 378, 388–89
Halle
32, 35–38, 61, 63–64, 66, 160–61, 219, 226, 347, 352, 392–93
Hamburg
68, 219, 317
Heckmann, Richard
331, 332
Heimann, Siegfried
127
Henke, Alfred
156, 324
Herfurth, Bruno
51, 92, 114, 132
Hildebrandt, Paul
240
Hilferding, Rudolf
374, 377–78, 403
Hiller, Kurt
302, 304–6, 430
Hoch, Gustav
357
Hoelz, Max
28, 277, 279, 287
Hoffrogge, Ralf
13, 63, 217, 232–33, 239, 339, 373–74, 386
insurgents
32, 114, 117, 122–25, 196
insurrections
128, 368, 439
intellectuals
15, 18–19, 303–5, 307–9, 365, 386, 406, 408, 412–13
council of
303–4, 306, 308, 408
intellectual workers
24, 226, 301–5, 307–9, 386, 406–8
Jentsch, Willy
186, 235
Jogiches, Leo
126
Junge Garde
79, 191, 241, 243, 246–47, 250–51, 254–55, 257, 259–63, 268
Kaliski, Julius
92, 197, 350, 397
KAPD (Communist Workers’ Party)
185, 189, 207–8, 277, 286, 291, 296, 361, 368–69, 403
Kapp, Wolfgang
174, 176–79, 182, 186, 193, 432
Kapp-Lüttwitz putsch
11, 14, 23, 27, 174–216, 222, 225, 405, 408–9, 411, 413, 415–17, 419
Kessel, Hans von
28, 118, 124, 154–55, 166–67, 175
Kessler, Mario
11, 75, 81, 127–28
Keuscher, Carl
72, 150
Knoll, Regina
11, 50, 80, 92, 121, 133–34
Kolb, Eberhard
2, 9–10, 24, 32, 41, 347–49, 357, 364
KPD (Communist Party of Germany)
12, 48–49, 51–53, 132–33, 147–50, 182–83, 185, 189–93, 195–96, 198–99, 201, 206–8, 209, 210–11, 229–30, 232–34, 361–65, 367–70, 372–75, 403–5, 425
Krüger, Franz
177, 179, 184, 188, 193, 195, 197
Kurzweg, Rudolf
239–40
labour movement
236, 263, 312, 321–22, 398, 403, 408
Landauer, Gustav
308
Lange, Paul
13, 75, 80, 105, 111, 116, 121–22, 127, 133, 338
Lassalle, Ferdinand
164, 396
Legien, Carl
186, 230, 331–32, 339
Leipzig
35, 37, 39, 62–64, 66, 296, 302, 383, 388, 390, 393
Levi, Paul
49–50, 52, 79, 82, 98, 101, 104, 157, 183, 203, 205, 369, 371
Lichtenberg
32, 78, 103–4, 116–17, 122–24, 133, 164, 185, 280, 291, 301
Liebknecht, Karl
71, 90, 166, 240, 362–63
Löwenheim, Walter
247
Luxemburg, Rosa
21, 71, 90, 96, 166, 317
Malzahn, Heinrich
79, 80, 199, 205, 218, 226
Marienfelde
53, 73, 76–77, 90, 150
Marx, Karl
1, 98, 111, 156, 170, 284
Marxism-Leninism
27–28
mass movements
4, 19, 21–22, 24–25, 112, 143, 172, 298–99, 309, 410
mass strikes
54, 69, 141, 226, 368
Materna, Ingo
11, 14, 27, 75, 80, 104, 218
metal industry
35, 225, 234, 289, 343
Michels, Robert
411
military policy
27, 59, 67, 71, 95, 131, 214–15
militias
40, 112, 128, 130–32, 134, 137, 168, 176, 179, 185, 203–5
Miller, Susanne
8, 80, 88, 147–48, 150, 155, 182, 192, 346, 357, 360, 410
miners
33–37, 40, 63, 73, 79, 157, 171, 219
mines
34, 135, 286, 291, 371
Moabit
185, 291, 301
Mommsen, Wolfgang
9, 98, 107, 144, 197, 423
monarchy
176, 323, 419
money
105, 111, 134, 166, 229, 281
Moses, Julius
273
Müller, Richard
6, 32–34, 50–52, 55, 57–59, 65–68, 82, 84–86, 91–92, 94–95, 104–5, 107–9, 121–25, 130, 132–33, 220, 222, 228–29, 232–33, 295–96, 336–39, 341–42, 363, 384–87
Müller, Dirk
4, 12
municipalities
70, 257, 272–73, 280, 286, 288, 290, 332
murders
41, 71, 96, 116, 164
National Congress of Factory Councils
221, 229, 231–32, 235, 280, 283–84, 287, 294–95, 343, 432–33
National Unemployed Committee
270, 276–79, 283, 287, 291, 294, 296–97, 319
Nettball, Kurt
100, 249–50, 255–56, 261–63, 265
Neukölln
126, 129–30, 158, 180, 183, 263, 320
newspapers
1, 32, 38, 74, 118–20, 139, 154, 157–58, 172, 182, 290
Noske, Gustav
5, 49–50, 95, 119–20, 124–25, 128–30, 137, 139–40, 152, 154, 169, 171, 182, 188, 190, 358–59
November Revolution
6, 11, 13–14, 210, 215, 220, 239, 246, 249, 310, 359
Oeser, Rudolf
163
Ollenhauer, Erich
245
Pannekoek, Anton
423
parliamentarism
209, 362, 366, 391, 404
parliamentary system
48, 173, 348, 379, 390–91, 402
Pechstein, Max
309
Pesendorfer, Alfred
13
Pieser, Robert
90
police
31, 130, 133, 155, 159, 161, 170, 181, 186, 254, 258
Potsdam
23, 41, 183, 438
production
89, 91, 94, 224, 283, 288, 325–26, 328–29, 333, 338, 340, 343, 350
programme
92, 98, 144, 207, 226, 252, 302, 304, 306–7, 364–65, 378
proletariat
50, 72, 202–3, 207–8, 211, 216, 244, 326, 329, 352–53, 364–65, 368–69, 383–84, 389–91, 403–4
proportional representation system
313, 316
Prussia
23, 26–27, 74, 165, 175, 239, 275–76, 400–401, 419
pupil councils
238–69, 306–7, 320, 406, 408–9, 411, 414, 419
putschism
36, 364
radicalisation
5, 18, 20, 72, 84, 191, 198, 333, 369, 391, 419
railway workers
35–36, 62, 85, 101, 107, 109, 146, 150, 157–58, 162–63, 171
Reichswehr
130, 137, 165, 167–69, 176, 179, 187, 206, 213, 291
rent strike
289–90
Republican Soldiers’ Guard
107, 122, 128, 132
revolution
1–8, 10–17, 20–21, 23–24, 49–50, 68–69, 174–75, 192, 242–44, 308–11, 330–34, 363–64, 372–73, 376, 379–84, 404–5, 416–23
revolutionary period
2, 14, 16, 41, 103, 310, 313, 386, 396, 400, 404
revolutionary wave
40, 174, 287, 409, 418
new
216–17, 226, 235, 406, 415–16
Rhineland-Westphalia
39, 61, 203, 206, 210, 361
Rhine-Ruhr region
277
roadblocks
104, 125
Rosenberg, Arthur
8, 186, 210, 354, 424
Rote Fahne
48–50, 71–73, 90, 163–64, 204–7, 225, 229–30, 264–65, 274–76, 279–81, 284–85, 291, 294–96, 319–20, 364–65, 368–70
Ruck, Michael
230, 234
Ruhr
33, 57, 64, 72, 157, 187, 206, 211, 213, 215
Rusch, Oskar
63, 195, 339, 342
Russia
17, 90–91, 93, 96–97, 114, 290, 292, 312, 385, 420–22
Saefkow, Anton
250, 252–56, 259, 261, 265
sailors
3, 126, 153–54
Saxony
35, 62, 157, 176, 187, 210–11, 214–15, 219, 239
Scheidemann, Philipp
28, 37, 47, 49–50, 90, 136–38, 351, 354, 356, 358
Schildt, Axel
14
Schiller, Paul
249, 252–55, 259, 266, 320
Paul
242–43, 256
Scholem, Werner
373
Schönberg, Arnold
359
Schöneberg
276, 280
schools
7–8, 10, 223–25, 239–40, 242, 244–57, 259, 261, 263–64, 266–68, 320
school strike
245, 251, 262–63, 265–66, 408, 415
Schulze, Ernst
27, 139, 159, 176–79, 183–84, 188, 191–93, 195, 199, 201, 204
Schwab, Alexander
223, 308
Security Police
152–55, 159–61, 163, 165–68, 176, 178–79, 185–87, 212, 291, 417
SED (Socialist Unity Party)
11–12, 27, 334, 363, 420
self-management
247, 337, 389
Sender, Toni
313–14, 316, 384, 391, 393
shop stewards
35, 40–41, 43, 46, 69, 71–72, 83, 87, 101, 104, 181, 244–45, 363–64
Sinzheimer, Hugo
306–7, 309, 351, 355, 357, 377
socialisation
33–34, 36, 43–44, 71–72, 87, 89, 91, 114–15, 135–36, 222, 224, 226, 380–81, 402–3, 405
socialism
74, 76, 312, 314, 326, 329, 334, 336, 352–53, 360, 362, 365, 389, 392, 394
social partnership
237, 325–27, 329, 334, 345
soldiers
4, 15–16, 33–34, 36–38, 60–62, 92–93, 119, 123–25, 127–30, 132–34, 281–82, 311, 349, 365–66, 376
Spandau
72–73, 79, 90, 99, 122, 131, 183–84
Spartacus League
5, 128, 362–64, 367
SPD (Social Democrats)
4–5, 7–8, 28–29, 40–46, 49–53, 56–61, 78–80, 106–8, 143–44, 172–73, 306–8, 345–47, 349–54, 358–59, 361–62, 369–71, 375–78, 392–95, 397–99, 409–12
Stalinisation
362, 372, 419
state authorities
29, 142, 164, 171, 218, 237, 259, 285–86, 311, 352, 371
Stock, Robert
77, 90
Stöcker, Helene
302, 304
street fighting
85, 121
strike campaign
56, 59, 73, 83, 131, 141, 257, 397
strike leadership
31–32, 36, 38, 51–55, 58, 79–80, 84–86, 92, 94, 106–11, 119–20, 142–43, 201–2, 250, 256
Stuttgart
24, 40, 68, 174, 177, 186
suburbs
23, 72, 122, 184, 188, 287
summary executions
126
syndicalists
55, 163, 219
teachers
16, 42, 224–25, 239–40, 247, 250, 252–53, 255, 259–60, 262, 267
telephone systems
77
Tenner, Armin
45
Textile Workers’ Union
228
Thälmann, Ernst
362, 372–73
Thuringia
37, 62, 66, 187, 205, 239
trade unionists
34, 55, 106, 192, 195, 212, 228, 235, 332–3
Triebel, Alexander
102
Ulbricht, Walter
12
unemployed councils
14, 225, 270–300, 307, 319–20, 406, 409, 411, 414–15, 419, 422
unemployment
91, 105, 130, 230, 271–72, 275, 279, 282, 293, 299, 406
Upper Silesia
32, 39–40, 66, 146, 421
USPD (Independent Social Democrats)
11, 15, 25, 31–33, 35, 36, 40, 41–47, 56–58, 60–69, 79–86, 92, 103, 107, 148–59, 172–77, 185, 189, 193–96, 198–207, 226–33, 295–96, 306, 317, 343, 348, 361–66, 370–398, 402, 405, 409–11
vocational schools
241–43, 246–51, 253, 255, 260–62, 264–67, 408
Vorwärts
41, 43–47, 71–75, 80–81, 99–105, 109–10, 114, 117, 119, 128, 134–36, 147–50, 157–58, 161–62, 228–29, 255–58, 280–83, 347–48, 357–58
wages
30, 33, 87, 94, 97, 103, 105, 285, 325, 327, 340, 343, 345
Walcher, Jacob
183, 187, 200, 205–6
Weber, Heinrich
70, 361–64, 366–68
Wegmann, Paul
205, 220, 226, 230–31
Weimar Constitution
155, 160, 241, 265, 272, 304, 306, 323–24, 335, 345, 351
Weimar Republic
1, 6–7, 28–29, 174, 234, 328, 346–47, 398, 418, 421, 424
Weißensee
71
welfare
272, 285, 298
white-collar workers
16, 19, 97, 99, 102, 104–5, 141, 143, 147, 150, 172, 343, 346, 386
wildcat strikes
114
Wissell, Rudolf
134, 136, 337, 351
workplaces
44–45, 53, 76, 78, 88, 90, 101–2, 109–10, 143–44, 148, 150, 172, 316, 318, 380
youth
151, 244, 246, 251–52, 256, 262, 264
Zeitz
38, 61
Zepler, Wally
311, 315, 357
Zetkin, Clara
315, 317, 320