Abbreviations
| ADB |
African Development Bank |
| AMU |
Arab Maghreb Union |
| ANC |
African National Congress |
| AQIM |
al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb |
| AU |
African Union |
| BRICS |
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa |
| CEN–SAD |
Community of Sahel–Saharan States |
| CIA |
Central Intelligence Agency |
| CORCAS |
Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs |
| ECCAS |
Economic Community of Central African States |
| ECOMOG |
ECOWAS Monitoring Group |
| ECOWAS |
Economic Community of West African States |
| EU |
European Union |
| FAO |
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| FDI |
foreign direct investment |
| IMF |
International Monetary Fund |
| LOF |
Law of Finance |
| MAECI |
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation |
| MAP |
Agence Marocaine de Presse |
| MENA |
Middle East and North Africa |
| MINURSO |
United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara |
| MISMA |
International Support Mission for Mali (under African leadership) |
| NATO |
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation |
| NEPAD-AUDA |
New Partnership for Africa’s Development |
| NGO |
non-governmental organisation |
| NHDI |
National Human Development Initiative |
| NPM |
New Public Management |
| OAU |
Organisation of African Unity |
| OECD |
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| OIC |
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation |
| OPEC |
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries |
| PKO |
Peacekeeping operation |
| RAF |
Royal Armed Forces |
| RAM |
Royal Air Maroc |
| RASD |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic |
| TICAD |
Tokyo International Conference on African Development |
| UNDP |
United Nations Development Programme |
| UNITA |
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola |
| USSR |
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
| WHO |
World Health Organization |