0.1 Darius’ trilingual inscription at Bisutun, circa 515 BC 5

0.2 Luster bowl with flag-bearer, Iraq, 10th century. Musée du Louvre, MAO 23 6

0.3 Detail of Nishapur buff ware bowl, 10th century (?). Ex-Plotnick collection 7

0.4 Main entrance pavilion at the Mausoleum of Akbar, Sikandra. The calligraphy on white marble framing the red sandstone composition under the iwan is signed by ʿAbd al-Haqq Shirazi and dated 1022/1613 8

0.5 Taj Mahal, Agra. The calligraphy on black over white marble is signed by ʿAbd al-Haqq Shirazi Amanat Khan and dated 1048/1638–39 9

1.1 Varqa and Gulshāh, folio 33b (Istanbul, TSMK H. 841). There are 19 lines per page, and seven text-lines are figured here (top). The diagonal of the square (in red) evidences a ratio of 1/1.28, which contrasts with later, more vertical formats 15

1.2 Terracotta tile with scene from Panchatantra, circa 781–821. Paharpur Vihara (Bangladesh) 16

1.3 The Feast of Sada, Folio 22v from the Shāh-nāma (Book of Kings) of Shah Tahmasp, Tabriz, ca. 1525. Dim. page: 47 × 31.8 cm 22

1.4 Khusrau discovers Shirin bathing. Folio from a Khusrau u Shirin by Nizami (d. 1209), Tabriz? c.1400 25

1.5 Ibn Bakhtishuʿ, ʿUbayd Allah ibn Jibraʾil, Manāfiʿ-i ḥayavān., fol. 55r: The Simorgh. Maraghah, Iran, 1297–1298 or 1299–1300 27

1.6 The combat of Suhrāb and Gurdāfarid, in the Diez Album (Diez A fol. 73.S.70, no. 1 and back page). The jadval (or text-box frame) is outlined in red 28

1.7 Rashid al-Din Fazl-Allah, Jāmiʿ al-tawārikh, Frontispiece with shamsa, fol. 19 r 31

1.8 Geometrical composition of the preceding folio, based on its back (fol. 19 v), showing proportions, ruling and possible module, here represented by a small circle 32

1.9 Rashid al-Din Fazl-Allah, Jāmiʾ al-tawārikh, A scene from the life of Buddha, fol. 34r. The illustration is placed in a ten-line high box 33

1.10 The Funeral of Isfandiyār, Folio from the Great Mongol Shāh-nāma (Book of Kings), Tabriz, c.1330. Dim. page: 58 × 40 cm 35

1.11 Bi-folio from a Khusrau u Shirin by Nizami (d. 1209), Tabriz? c.1400; left: illustration: Farhad before Shirin; facing page: text copied by Ali ibn Hasan al-Sultani 37

1.12 A father advises his son about love, from Ibrahim Sultan’s Haft Awrang. Iran, 1556–1565. Dim. 34.2 × 23.2 cm 40

1.13 Folio from a Haft Awrang (Seven thrones) by Jami (d. 1492) 41

1.14.a–c Geometric grid based on the diagonals of the frontispiece from Shah Tahmasp’s Shāh-nāma (fol. 3v), applied to two other illustrated folios (20v and 403v) 42

1.15 Amir Khalil, Marooned at sea, a folio from Prince Baysunghur’s Rose Garden (Gulistān) by Saʿdi. Herat, 1427. Dim. 24.9 × 15.2 cm 46

2.1 Large minaʾi plate with Battle Scene, Kashan, late 12th century. Diam. 47.8 cm 55

2.2 A Ruffian Spares the Life of a Poor Man (detail), Folio 4v from a copy of ʿAttar’s Manṭiq al-ṭair (Language of the Birds), Isfahan, c.1600 57

2.3.a–b a.: Dish with Unidentified Coat of Arms, Manises, c.1470–90, diam. 45.1 cm, The Cloisters Collection, 1956, no. 56.171.107. OA Public Domain. b.: Detail showing hanging holes made before firing 58

2.4 Minaʾi bowl with prince on elephant back. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 18.9 cm 59

2.5.a–b Fragment of a luster bowl with the mention of … muʾayyad al-wuzarā Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdallah. 17.14 × 17.14 cm. LACMA, M.2002.1.87. The Madina Collection of Islamic Art, gift of Camilla Chandler Frost. a.: exterior. b.: interior 60

2.6 Scalloped luster plate with sleeping groom, signed and dated (twice) Shamsuddin al-Hasani Abu Zayd, 607/1210. Diam. 35.2 cm 61

2.7 Base of minaʾi bowl, Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century 61

2.8 Fragment of minaʾi house model. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. L. 11 cm 62

2.9 Silver gilded plate with Dionysus’ Triumph. Badakhshan, 2nd–3rd century AD, diam. 22.5 cm 64

2.10 Silver gilded plate with a scene inspired by Dionysus’ Triumph. Iran, 5th–7th century. Diam. 22.1 cm 64

2.11 Detail of Silver plate from Anikovskoe, with giant bird holding a naked woman. Diam. 22.2 cm 65

2.12 Zahhak the Dragon King, terracotta, Khotan or Eastern Sogdiana, 7th–8th c. (?), H. 61.5 cm 65

2.13 Fragment of minaʾi bowl with horseman. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century 67

2.14 Exterior of fragmentary minaʾi bowl 67

2.15 Calcedony engraved seal with hero hitting a demon. Iran, 4th century CE. Diam. 2.5 cm 68

2.16 Faridun and Zahhak. Detail of brass with silver inlay bowl, with scenes based on the Shāh-nāma, made by Turanshah for Muhammad al-Jurjani. Iran, dated 752/1351–52. Diam. 22.7 cm 69

2.17 Luster bowl with Faridun and Zahhak, inscribed with verses from Shāh-nāma: Faridun farrukh firishta nabud … (Glorious Faridun was not an angel). Kashan, late 12th century. Diam. 28.3 cm 69

2.18 Fragment of luster bowl with Faridun and Zahhak. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century 71

2.19 Minaʾi bowl with Faridun and Zahhak. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 21 cm 71

2.20 Minaʾi bowl with Faridun on a donkey, probably by Abu Zayd. Kashan, dated 583/1187. Diam. 21.6 cm 72

2.21 Minaʾi bowl with Faridun and his three sons, partially dated …83 and attributed to Abu Zayd. Diam. 21.27 cm 73

2.22 Minaʾi bowl with Faridun and his three sons (?), dated 582/1186, by Abu Zayd. Diam. 21, 6 cm 73

2.23 Minaʾi bowl with Faridun and his three sons (?), attributed to Abu Zayd and dated 583/1187. Diam. 21 cm 73

2.24 Fragmentary minaʾi bowl with scenes from the history of Faridun and his three sons 75

2.25 Embossed and gilded silver plate with Bahram Gur and the Harpist girl. Iran, 5th century. Diam. 20.1 cm 76

2.26 Minaʾi bowl with Bahram Gur and The Harpist girl, Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 22.1 cm 76

2.27 Minaʾi bowl with Bahram Gur and The Harpist girl, Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 21.6 cm 77

2.28 Minaʾi bowl with Bahram Gur and The Harpist girl; the name of Bahram Gur is inscribed over the camel’s neck. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 21.3 cm 77

2.29 Minaʾi beaker with scenes from the Story of Bizhan and Manizha. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. H. 12 cm 78

2.30 Minaʾi bowl with prince on an elephant. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 22.23 cm 79

2.31 Turquoise minaʾi bowl with Lute Player. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 19.7 cm 80

2.32 Large, fluted luster dish depicting a Wedding Procession. Kashan, early 13th century. Diam. 41 cm 81

2.33 Luster bowl with narrative scene, found at Ghazni 82

2.34 Minaʾi star with hero attacking a dragon. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. H. 18.3 cm 83

2.35 Back of large minaʾi plate with Battle Scene. Kashan, late 12th century. Diam. 47.8 cm 83

2.36 Rock-relief with the Investiture of Ardashir, Naqsh-i Rustam, 3rd century 85

2.37 Octagonal molded bowl with investiture scene. Iran, 12th century. H. 13.02 cm 85

2.38 Scene of investiture on the inlayed brass bowl made by Turanshah, dated 752/1351–52 85

2.39 Luster plate with Leyla and Majnun at school. Kashan, end of 12th century. Diam. 47.5 cm 86

2.40 Minaʾi bowl with Majnun in the desert. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 20.8 cm 86

2.41 Minaʾi bowl with scene inspired by an episode from Kalila and Dimna. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 20.3 cm 87

2.42 Fresco from Pendzhikent with a scene inspired by an episode of the Mahabharata 87

2.43 Roman fresco artists at work, after a 2nd century marble relief in the Museum of Sens (France) 89

2.44 Bishapur (Fars). Rock-relief with Shapur’s triumph over three Roman emperors: Gordian III (244), Philip the Arab (249) and Valerian (260) 90

2.45 Bowl, brass with silver inlay, with scenes based on the Shāh-nāma, Iran, dated 752/1351–52 91

2.46 Luster bottle, Kashan, dated 1179, with rows of hounds, epigraphy and figures. H. 15 cm 92

2.47 Minaʾi bowl with two riders. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 19.3 cm 94

2.48 Minaʾi bowl with two riders. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 17.6 cm 94

2.49 Silk textile fragment with Shooting Amazons. Egypt? 7th–9th centuries (?). Dim. 20.8 × 20.9 cm 94

2.50 Silk textile fragment with hunters. Egypt? 8th century. Dim. 21 × 28 cm 95

2.51 Sasanian silver plate with youths and winged horses. Iran, ca. 5th–6th century AD. Diam. 21 cm 95

2.52 Buff ware plate with horse rider, Nishapur, 10th century (?). Diam. 38 cm 98

2.53 Buff ware plate with horse rider, Nishapur, 10th century (?). Diam. 22.2 cm 98

2.54 Glass disk with horse rider. Iran, 12th century. Diam. 9.1 cm 99

2.55 Luster dish with polo player, Kashan, dated 1208. Diam. 35.2 cm 100

2.56 Bowl with a horse rider painted both in minaʾi and luster. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 22.4 cm 101

2.57 Dated luster star-tile with prince and attending ghulāms, Kashan, 608/1211–12. Diam. 32.1 cm 101

2.58 Luster bowl with prince and attending ghulāms. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 37.8 cm 102

2.59 Lobed minaʾi bowl with prince and attendants. Kashan, late 12th–early 13th century. Diam. 21.6 cm 102

3.1 Plain monochrome turquoise cross-shaped tile 106

3.2 The shrine of ʿAbd al-Samad at Natanz, early 14th century 107

3.3 Panel showing a patchwork of reused tiles. Mosque of Rustam Pasha, Istanbul 107

3.4 Qajar underglaze painted tile, Sheetalnathji Temple, Calcutta, circa 1867 108

3.5 The inner courtyard at Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art, Shangri La Museum, Honolulu, Hawai’i 109

3.6 Luster mihrab signed by Hasan ibn ʿArabshah and dated 1226, in Kashan’s Maidan-i Sang Mosque, before its removal 109

3.7 The dome of Eghvard Church (Armenia), early 14th century, with its row of luster tiles 110

3.8 Detail from the scalloped luster plate with sleeping groom, signed and dated Shamsuddin al-Hasani Abu Zayd, 607/1210; note the fragment inserted (framed in black), repeating date and signature 112

3.9 Composite star-tile panel; the upper left fragment of luster star has the date 738/1337–38 (written in words), followed by the mention bi-maqām Kāshān (at Kashan) 113

3.10 Stucco mihrab in the winter prayer room of Isfahan’s Masjid-i Jāmiʿ, dated 1310 117

3.11 Calligraphic frieze in stucco, signed by Hasan ibn ʿAli ibn Ahmad Babuyeh and dated 1307–8. Natanz, shrine of ʿAbd al-Samad 118

3.12 Tomb cover of Khadija Khatun, dated 713/1313. Dim. 194.3 × 82.6 cm 118

3.13.a–b Luster half-star with the name of Yusuf written on its back. Ex-author’s collection 120

3.14 Mihrab of Imamzadah Yahya (Varamin), signed by ʿAli ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Tahir and dated 1264. Dim. 384.5 × 228.6 cm 124

3.15 Back of luster cross-shaped tile with drawing 126

3.16 Quranic frieze (Quran 2: 255), signed by Yusuf ibn ʿAli ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Tahir, dated 1310. Each tile: 39.7 × 41.3 cm 128

3.17 Upper frieze from luster tile with lotus flowers. Former Alexis Renard collection, Paris 129

3.18 The Lar Valley, Iran 132

3.19 Luster tile with verse from Shāh-nāma (Shavad āsmān hamchu pusht-i palang/The sky will become like the back of the panther; see Annex 3, Cat. 1.39) 134

3.20 Luster tile with verse from Shāh-nāma (Shavad āsmān hamchu pusht-i palang/The sky will become like the back of the panther; see Annex 3, Cat. 1.40) 134

3.21 Luster tile with verse from Shāh-nāma (Khirad-i tire-u mard-i rawshan ravān/The dark spirit and the man of enlightened soul; see Annex 3, Cat. 1.4) 135

3.22 Luster tile with verse from Shāh-nāma (Zi har dānishi chun sukhan bishnuy/When you will listen to the words of each wisdom; see Annex 3, Cat. 1.6) 135

3.23 Fragment of tile from frieze III (Annex 3, Cat. 3.4.). Dim. 19.6 × 30.3 cm 138

3.24 Tile from Frieze IV. Du nargis-i duzham/du rukhsār-i tābān bi kirdā[r]/Two cruel narcissus/Two faces as bright as […]. (Annex 3, Cat. 4.2.). 29.8 × 30.5 cm 138

3.25 Tile with figures and a quote from a qasida by Anvari (Annex 3, Cat. 8.3). Dim. 28.9 × 41.5 cm 139

3.26 Fragment of tile found at Zulfabad, repositioned in a complete tile (Annex 3, Cat. 1.63) 140

3.27 Detail of a luster tile mosaic, with a fragment (bottom, center) dated 837/1433–34 in numerals 141

4.1 Composite fountain with figure of Krishna made of green-glazed clay. Vellore, late 19th century 148

4.2 Underglaze painted vase. Jaipur, second half of 19th century 148

4.3 Aina-Mahal, with so-called “Delftian” tiled floor. Bhuj (Gujerat), circa 1750 148

4.4 Potter working with clay on a foot-wheel at Rashid Ahmed workshop, Khurja (Uttar Pradesh) 149

4.5 Rashid Ahmed’s pottery factory, founded in 1949, Khurja (Uttar Pradesh) 149

4.6 Samuel Bourne (England, 1834–1912), The Kutab Minar and adjacent buildings. Albumen print, late 1860s 153

4.7 The Shahi ʿIdgah at Rapri (Uttar Pradesh), dated 1312 155

4.8 The Shahi ʿIdgah at Rapri. Turquoise glazed tiles and traces of stucco 156

4.9 The Shahi ʿIdgah at Rapri. Detail of turquoise glazed tiles 156

4.10 Begumpuri Masjid, Delhi, c.1343. Detail of the exterior façade of the southern riwāq showing molded turquoise glazed lotus tiles in the spandrels 157

4.11 Begumpuri Masjid, Delhi, c.1343. Tympanum on the exterior façade of the southern riwāq with turquoise-glazed molded tile 157

4.12 Man Mandir palace, Gwalior Fort, late 15th–early 16th century, with its tiled decoration 158

4.13 Bagh-i ʿAlam ka Gumbad, Delhi, built in 1501. Detail of upper section of the southern façade with turquoise glazed tiles framed by red sandstone 159

4.14 Nili Masjid, Delhi, built in 1505–6. Upper section of the façade with continuous band of turquoise glazed tiles 160

4.15 Moth ki Masjid, Delhi, built circa 1505. Northeastern chhatri with remains of turquoise-glazed tiles 160

4.16 Rajon-ki-bain, Mehrauli Archaeological Park (Delhi). Detail of funerary chhatri dated 1506, with turquoise-glazed tiles inserted in stucco crenelated kangura 161

4.17 Jahaz Mahal, next to Hauz-i Shamsi, Mehrauli, early 16th century 161

4.18 Chhote Khan-ka-Gumbad, early 16th century (?), Delhi, South-Extension 162

4.19 Shishe-Gumbad, late 15th century, Lodi Garden, Delhi 163

4.20 Shishe-Gumbad, detail of upper section of southern façade 164

4.21 Shishe-Gumbad, detail of underglaze painted tile with Persian inscriptions 165

4.22 Shishe-Gumbad, detail of underglaze painted tile with Persian inscriptions and blue and white chinoiserie motifs 165

4.23 Mausoleum of Sikandar Lodi, c.1517. Lodi Garden, Delhi. Southern entrance with terrace and chhatri-s 165

4.24 Detail of southwest chhatri at the entrance of Sikandar Lodi’s Mausoleum 166

4.25 Interior of Sikandar Lodi’s Mausoleum. Upper section of the walls 167

4.26 Interior of Sikandar Lodi’s Mausoleum. Detail of extrados with tiles forming a lam-alif floral motif in green and cobalt 167

4.27 Interior of Sikandar Lodi’s Mausoleum. The tympanum inside the recessed arch is bordered by a frieze of blue and white painted tiles 168

4.28 Interior of Sikandar Lodi’s Mausoleum. A band of turquoise and yellow painted tiles frames the rectangular recess 168

4. 29 Tomb of Jamali-Kamali, Mehrauli, circa 1546 170

4.30 Tomb of Jamali-Kamali. Detail of upper section of the façade. Under the red sandstone chajja, frieze of square blue and white underglaze painted tiles 170

4.31 Tomb of Jamali-Kamali. Detail of the square blue and white underglaze painted tiles under the chajja 170

4.32 Interior of the Tomb of Jamali-Kamali. Squinch with stucco and tile decoration 171

4.33 Mausoleum of ʿIssa Khan, 1547–8, Delhi. Detail of arched gallery with tiled spandrels 172

4.34 Mausoleum of ʿIssa Khan. Detail of tiled chhatri on the roof 172

4.35 Bara Darwaza, Purana Qila, 1560s (?), Delhi. Detail of the upper section, with polychrome tile mosaic 174

4.36 Purana Qila’s Mosque, mid. 16th century. Inner drum of the central dome with polychrome tiled arches 174

4.37 Lal Darwaza, mid. 16th century (?), Delhi 176

4.38 Lal Darwaza, detail of intersecting arches and polychrome tile mosaic 176

4.39 Polychrome mosaic tile decoration on the Chini ka Rauza, 1635, Agra 177

4.40 Dargah of Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, Mehrauli. Polychrome “black-line” (so-called cuerda seca) tiles with floral motifs, probably second part of 17th century 178

4.41 Turquoise glazed pipes inserted in the walls of the Jahangiri Mahal in Agra Fort, early 17th century 178

4.42 Celadon dish with an inscription (on the back) in the name of prince Shujaʾ son of Shah Jahan, dated 1646 179

4.43 Fragment of underglaze painted plate, found at Purana Qila, first half of 16th century (?) 179

4.44 Brick factory, Sylhet district, Bangladesh 181

4.45 Terracotta plaque, 9th century. Paharpur Vihara, Bangladesh 181

4.46 Foundational inscription of the Adina Masjid of Pandua, dated 1374–75 (West-Bengal). Above and to the left of the stone slab is a border of glazed bricks in yellow and turquoise 182

4.47 Gaur (West-Bengal). Chika or Chamkan Building, circa 1450 184

4.48 Chika or Chamkan Building, detail of the medium cornice 184

4.49 Chika or Chamkan Building, panel in form of a niche with lamp motif 185

4.50 Gaur (West-Bengal). Chamkati Masjid, 883/1478. Panel on exterior qibla wall 186

4.51 Gaur (West-Bengal). Lottan (or Lattan) Masjid, circa 1493–1519 (?) 187

4.52 Lottan (or Lattan) Masjid, mihrab-like arched panel 187

4.53 Lottan (or Lattan) Masjid, detail of overglaze painted tile 188

4.54 Glazed tile with raised floral arabesque in blue on a white enameled background. Dim. 17.8 × 12.6 cm 188

4.55 Lottan (or Lattan) Masjid, interior with upper cornice displaying arched compartments with painted tiles 189

4.56 Lottan (or Lattan) Masjid, squinch with blue and white and polychrome-painted tiles 189

4.57 Gaur (West-Bengal). Gumti Gate, circa 1512 190

4.58 Gumti Gate, base of southwestern corner turret 191

4.59 Gumti Gate, base of fluted turret with painted tiles 192

4.60 Gumti Gate, upper section of fluted turret 193

4.61 Gumti Gate, mihrab-like panel with painted tiles 193

4.62 Gaur (West-Bengal). Qadam Rasul, glazed brick reused in the enclosure wall 194

4.63 Square tile painted in white over a deep blue glaze. 19.36 cm by side 194

4.64 Bagerhat (Khulna district, Bangladesh). Excavations of a residential area associated with Ulug Khan Jahan 195

4.65 Bagerhat. Excavations of a residential area. Glazed fish-scale tiles 195

4.66 Bagerhat. Tomb of Khan-Jahan. Floor with hexagonal glazed tiles 196

4.67 A sample of glazed tiles collected by a chaiwallah at Gaur 196

4.68 Over glaze painted tile from Gaur. Dim. 7 × 13.5 cm 197

4.69 Dado of glazed tiles inside the Tomb of Bibi Pari, Dhaka (Bangladesh), after 1678 198

4.70 European industrial tiles in the Sitara Masjid, Dhaka (Bangladesh), early 20th century 198

4.71 Mandu, Masjid of Malik Mughith, 1432. Entrance pavilion 200

4.72 Mandu, Jāmiʾ Masjid, circa 1454, main mihrab 201

4.73 Mandu, Ashrafi Mahal. Interior of the funerary room with remains of inlaid marble facing 202

4.74 Mandu, Jahaz Mahal, second half of 15th century. The central tower, overlooking the Munj Talao 203

4.75 The central tower of the Jahaz Mahal and detail of the upper section 204

4.76 Base of the dome of Jahaz Mahal’s central tower 204

4.77 Room inside Jahaz Mahal’s central tower; at the base of the dome is a band of yellow, green, and turquoise cut-out tiles 204

4.78a–b Mandu, Hammam of the Dawlat-khana. Detail of a spandrel with polychrome tiles 205

4.79 Mandu, Jal Mahal. Panels under the chajja decorated with square Kufic inscriptions. The panel on the right shows the words al-sulṭān al-ʿaẓam (“the mighty sultan”) 206

4.80 Jal Mahal. Panels under the chajja with square Kufic inscriptions 206

4.81 Jal Mahal. Fallen fragment of panel with square Kufic inscriptions 207

4.82 Gallery on the upper floor of Jal Mahal. The pilaster shows the remains of a tiled dado 207

4.83 Mandu, tomb known as Daʾi ki Chhoti Bahein ka Mahal, late 15th century (?) 208

4.84 Detail of a tile from the drum of the dome of the Daʾi ki Chhoti Bahein ka Mahal 208

4.85 Mandu, Tomb of Darya Khan, western façade, with remains of a tiled panel 209

4.86 Tomb of Darya Khan, southern façade, with remains of a tiled epigraphic frieze 209

4.87 Mandu, Chishti Khan-ka-Mahal, 2nd half of the 16th century (?). Interior decoration of the easternmost room 210

4.88 Polychrome painted tile from the frieze at the base of Chishti Khan-ka-Mahal’s easternmost room 210

4.89 Ashtur, next to Bidar (Karnataka), Tomb of Alauddin Ahmad Shah, circa 1458. Detail of tiled decoration 211

4.90 Nalcha (Dhar district), Malcolm ki Kothi, view from North 211

4.91 Malcolm ki Kothi, now-collapsed eastern pavilion 211

4.92 Malcolm ki Kothi, now-collapsed eastern pavilion, upper section of the wall, under the chajja 212

4.93 Malcolm ki Kothi, drum and dome of the now-collapsed eastern pavilion 212

4.94 Malcolm ki Kothi. Reconstructed sequence of tiled elements of the now collapsed eastern pavilion 213

4.95 Malcolm ki Kothi. Band of polychrome painted tiles on the drum of the now collapsed eastern pavilion 213

4.96 Underglaze painted tile coming from the Church of Santa Monica, Goa, early 17th century 215

Photo Credits: all photos and drawings by the author except:

0.0, 1.3, 1.10, 2.2, 2.3, 2.7, 2.20, 2.22, 2.25, 2.26, 2.27, 2.28, 2.31, 2.32, 2.41, 2.47, 2.48, 2.49, 2.50, 2.51, 2.57, 2.58, 2.59: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (Public Domain).

1.2, 3.4, 3.5, 4.7, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.13, 4.14, 4.15, 4.16, 4.18, 4.20, 4.21, 4.22, 4.29, 4.30, 4.44, 4.45, 4.48, 4.50, 4.53, 4.56, 4.59, 4.60, 4.61, 4.65, 4.66, 4.70, 4.89: ©Richard Castinel.

1.4, 1.11. a–b, 1.12, 1.13, 2.1, 2.4, 2.6, 2.10, 2.29, 2.34, 2.35, 3.8: ©Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington.

1.5: ©The Morgan Library & Museum, New York.

1.7–1.9, 2.14, 2.24, 2.54: ©Khalili Collection, London.

1.15: ©Chester Beatty Library, Dublin.

2.5 a–b, 2.21, 4.6: Los Angeles County Museum of Art (Public Domain).

2.9, 2.15, 2.23, 2.37, 2.46, 3.19, 4.68: ©British Museum.

2.16, 2.38, 2.45, 2.55, 3.23, 3.24, 4.54, 4.63: ©Victoria & Albert Museum, London.

2.19: Detroit Institute of Fine Arts Museum (Public Domain).

2.30: Minneapolis Institute of Art (Public Domain).

2.39: ©The David Collection, Copenhagen.

2.40, 3.1, 3.9, 3.12, 3.14, 3.16, 3.21, 3.22: ©Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art, Shangri La Museum, Honolulu.

2.53: ©Aga Khan Museum, Toronto.

2.56: ©Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon.

3.7, 3.20: ©Patrick Donabédian.

3.17: ©Alexis Renard.

3.25: Chicago Art Institute (Public Domain).