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Online Resources for Nahj al-balāghah

  • All accessed January 1, 2024.

  • Aviny.com (Nahj al-balāghah), website affiliated with the office of the late Sayyed Morteza Aviny, includes sections on “sources, contents, commentaries, and misconceptionsregarding Nahj al-balāghah, in English.

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  • Balaghah.net (Fī Riḥāb Nahj al-balāghah), website supervised by the office of Ayatollah Sistani, begun 2004, aims to edit and publish all materials related to Nahj al-balāghah.

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  • Haydarya.com (al-Maktabah al-mukhtaṣṣah bi-l-Imām Amīr al-muʾminīn. Shurūḥ Nahj al-balāghah), online access to all Nahj al-balāghah commentaries and other relevant works in Arabic.

  • Hadith.net (Shiʿa Ḥadīth Web Site), text, translation, sources, Encyclopedia of Imam Ali.

  • Al-Islam.org (Nahj al-balāghah), text, translation, sources, studies.

  • Imamalinet.net (Pāyigāh-i Imām ʿAlī), text, translation, studies.

  • Nahjalbalaghah.org, text, translation, manuscripts, commentaries, studies (under construction).

  • Shiaonlinelibrary.com (al-Maktabah al-Shīʿīyyah), text, commentaries, studies.

Footnotes

For a fuller list of Nahj al-balāghah translations, see Esḥāqī, “Manbaʿ-shināsī,” passim.

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