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Arianna Vettorel
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Index of Subjects

A posteriori (method) 27
A priori (system) 27, 28, 29
Abkhazia 117
Accountability 100, 191, 192
Acquisitive prescription 152
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights 42
Advocate General Trstenjak 104
Afgooye Corridor 120
Africa 27, 51, 73
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights 42, 55
African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection 228, 239
agile 37
Agreement between the European Community, the European Space Agency and the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation 69
Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 208
Air object 197
Airbus 2
Alenia Spazio S.p.A. 38, 39
Allgemeines Landrecht für die preußischen Staaten 123
altec S.p.A. 36
Ambrosini, Antonio 15
amsat 37
Anonymity 210, 217
Antarctic 15, 18, 91, 266
Apollo Mapping 2
Approach
Effect-based approach 202, 203, 212, 217, 226
Instrument-based approach 202
Target-based approach 202
Arab Charter on Human Rights 42
Arab Convention on Combating Information and Technology Offences 239
Argentina v. Uruguay 116
Armed conflict 226, 233
Artemis Accords 40
Article 29 Data Protection Working Party 159
asean 42
asean Cybersecurity Cooperation Strategy 240
asean Human Rights Declaration 42
Astronaut Anne McClain 225
Asylum 109, 119, 120, 152, 153
Attribution (of responsibility and of liability) 8, 200, 201, 208, 210, 212, 217, 223, 224, 240, 246, 272
Australia 51, 203
avio S.p.A. 38, 39
Barbulescu v. Romania 180, 181
Bay of Bengal Maritime Boundary Arbitration 122
Ben Faiza v. France 130, 133135
Best practice 89, 233, 237, 253, 263
Big Brother 82, 267
Big Brother Watch and Others v. The United Kingdom 137, 138
BlackSky Global 43
Bolivia v. Chile 29
Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro 117, 210
Botswana v. Namibia 116
Bottom-up 16, 21, 22, 32, 45, 46, 248, 254, 260, 262, 266, 274
Boundary 15, 116, 122, 271
Bulk interception, and bulk surveillance 128, 136144, 270
Burkina Faso v. Republic of Mali 116
Cambodia v. Thailand 122
Carlo Gavazzi Space S.p.A. 37, 38
Celestial bodies 13, 2628, 30, 31, 36, 40, 213, 214, 234, 265, 267
Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali 36
cgg 2
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EU Charter) 53, 55, 58, 102104, 106, 112, 127, 140, 143, 164
Charter of Trust for the digital domain 252, 253
Chatham House 240
China 29, 30, 51, 203, 238
Climate change 2, 48, 59, 63, 77, 265
Cloud
Cloud computing 191
Space cloud 229, 230, 264, 271
Codes of conduct 242, 249
Codice civile see Italian Civil Code
Codice del processo amministrativo see Italian Code of Administrative Procedure
Codice di procedura civile see Italian Code of Civil Procedure
Codice di procedura penale see Italian Code of Criminal Procedure
Codice in materia di protezione dei dati personali see Italian Data Protection Code
Codice penale see Italian Criminal Code
Commercial spaceflight 35
Commissione Rodotà 19, 20
Common heritage 7, 1332, 45
Compensation 192, 195, 200, 207, 214, 215, 218, 220, 231, 232, 272
Conflict of laws, and Private international law 194, 195, 196, 232
Consiglio di Stato 151, 155
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche 36
Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation 253, 257
Controlli difensivi, and defensive controls 178180
Copernicus 39, 6369, 72, 74, 76, 102, 103, 109, 266
copuos see UN Committee for the Peaceful Use of Outer Space
Core Principles for Cybersecurity 263
Corte costituzionale 147, 148, 156158
Corte d’Appello 152
Corte di Cassazione
Corte di Cassazione civile 150, 152, 155
Corte di Cassazione civile, Sezione tributaria 150
Corte di Cassazione penale 148, 152154, 162164, 167, 169, 270
Corte di Cassazione, Sezione lavoro 150, 176, 178, 179
Corte di Cassazione, Sezioni Unite 147, 156, 166, 168
cosmo-SkyMed 2, 38, 76, 77, 266
Cosmos 13, 26, 33, 35, 39, 49, 265
Costituzione see Italian Constitution
Council of Europe
Convention No. 108 and Protocols 99101, 107
Convention on Cybercrime and Protocols 228, 230, 239
Convention on violence against women and domestic violence 60
European Convention on Human Rights 8, 42, 58, 96, 98, 101, 102, 112, 119, 125, 129, 131, 133, 134, 137, 162, 163, 164
European Social Charter 53, 55, 57
Cour de cassation, Chambre criminelle 134
Crime
Crimes against humanity 61, 116, 117, 225, 226
Crime of aggression 226, 227
Criminality 40, 43, 60, 136, 139, 152, 164, 166, 227, 229, 230, 244, 247
Criminal proceedings against G. B. and R. H. 171
Criminal proceedings against H. K. 139, 140, 141
Critical infrastructure 189, 190, 202, 229, 230, 251253, 257, 261, 264, 271, 272
Cuba 203
Cyber
Cyber action 193, 235, 251
Cyber criminality 227, 229, 230, 244, 247
Cyber espionage 186188, 205, 206, 208
Cyber forgery 229
Cyber fraud 229
Cyber offence 227
Cyber operation, hostile 5, 6, 8, 185191, 195, 201, 202, 207, 210, 211, 217, 225, 238, 239, 240, 244, 246, 247, 251, 256, 258, 263, 264, 268, 271273
Cyber operation, non-hostile 186
Cyber operation, on-Earth 198, 200, 201, 208, 217, 223
Cyber Resilience Act 239
Cyber terrorism 186, 211
Cyber war, and cyber warfare 186, 187, 211, 212, 227, 233
Cyber weaponry 190
Cyber-kinetic-attacks 203
Cyberattack 4, 186190, 203, 210, 212, 227, 235
Cyberbullying 187
Cybercrime 185189, 211, 225231, 239, 254
Cybersecurity certification scheme 254, 255
Cybersecurity Framework 253, 254, 261
Cybersecurity Tech Accord 252
Cyberspace 185, 186, 211, 254
Cyberstalking 187, 231
d-sat 38
d orbit 38
Daguerre, Loui J. M. 49
Damage, indirect 215
Darfur 118
Data processing 99101, 106, 108, 109. see also Personal data protection, and Electronic communications
Data subject 108, 177
Debris 27, 41, 59, 7375
Deep seabed 15, 23, 91, 266
Deimos 2
Demìr and Baykara v. Turkey 96
Democracy, and democratic 16, 20, 21, 93, 97, 101, 126, 129, 130132, 143, 274, 275
Di Sarno and Others v. Italy 59
Digital Geneva Convention to Protect Cyberspace 251
Digital Globe Resellers 2
Digital Peace Now 251
Digital Rights Ireland Ltd v. Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources and Others and Kärntner Landesregierung and Others 127, 143
DigitalGlobe 43
Direct physical effect, and direct physical damage 186, 217, 227, 272
Doctrine
Functionalists 196, 197
Spatialists 196, 197
Domicile 156158, 164, 169
Dominguez v. Centre Informatique Du Centre Ouest Atlantique 104
Draft Articles on Responsibility of International Organisations, and 2011 Draft Articles 223, 224
Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, and 2001 Draft Articles 192, 199, 200, 208, 209, 223
Draft principles on the allocation of loss in the case of transboundary harm arising out of hazardous activities 199
Drone 49, 158, 159
Due care 194
Due diligence 92, 194, 209, 214, 215
Duty-to-contract 28, 29
E-geos 2
E-st@r 37
Electronic communications 105, 110, 112, 139, 142, 143
Environment, right to a safe 2, 5, 42, 265
Environmental disaster 2, 38, 43
Espionage see Cyber espionage
Estonia 141, 210, 212, 233
Europe 7, 51, 71, 73, 78
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization 255
European Committee for Standardization 255
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites 64, 66
European Parliamentary Research Service 211, 212
European satellite navigation programmes, and systems 70
European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service and egnos 51, 63, 6973
European Global Navigation Satellite System Agency 72, 73
European Global Navigation Satellite System and gnss 69, 72
Galileo 51, 61, 63, 6974, 77, 78, 102, 109, 266
European Space Agency 2, 37, 53, 6266, 68, 70, 72, 76, 195, 262, 273
European Space Imaging 2
European Spaceport 36, 221
European Telecommunications Standards Institute 253, 255
European Union Agency for Cybersecurity and enisa 237, 254, 255
Cybersecurity Act 237, 239, 254, 255
EU single market of information and telecommunication products 239
European Commission v. Republic of Poland 121
European Commission v. UK 121
European Union Agency for the Space Programme and Union Space Programme 64, 72
European Union infringement proceeding infr(2021)0056 112
Evans v. The United Kingdom 98
Extra-territorial 9092
Federal Information Processing Standard (US) 258
Fédération aéronautique international 14
Fédération Charbonnière de Belgique v High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community 127
Filartiga v. Pena-Irala 87
Flag of convenience 221
Florindo De Almeida Vasconcelos Gramaxo v. Portugal 181
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 18
Force
Force, armed 226
Force, kinetic 202, 226
Force, use of 201204, 211, 212, 217, 220, 233, 234, 235
Forum shopping 221
Fox-Talbot, W.H. 49
Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity (US) 253
France 74
Loi n° 2008–518 du 3 juin 2008 relative aux opérations spatiales 220
France v. Turkey (Lotus case) 204
Free access 19, 23, 25, 26, 40
Freedom of space activities 85, 118
Fucino (Space Center) 39, 78
G20 Leaders’ Communiqué 247
Garante per la protezione dei dati personali 158, 177, 178
G.A.U.S.S. S.r.l. 38
Gebhard v. Consiglio dell’Ordine degli Avvocati e Procuratori di Milano 127
Gelendzhik Airport 190, 271
General Data Protection Regulation (EU), and gdpr 88, 107, 112, 159, 170, 177, 255
Georgia 117, 210, 212
Georgia v. Russian Federation 117
Geostationary orbit 26, 27, 40
Germany 74, 130
German Basic Law 129
German Code of Criminal Procedure 131
German Criminal Code 130
German Law of 13 August 1968 on the on restrictions on the secrecy of mail, post and telecommunications 129
Germany v. Poland 200
Global
Global commons 7, 1323, 2533, 39, 40, 45, 85, 91, 92, 266, 274
Global Cybersecurity Agenda 244, 256
Global Positioning System 2, 3, 42, 50, 51, 115, 130, 131, 133, 134, 176, 177, 180
Global positioning tracker 162
Global public goods 16, 21, 22
gmes 63, 64
Google Earth 3, 153155
Google Spain, sl, Google Inc v. Agencia Espanola de Proteccion de Datos 103, 104
Gottlieb Svarez, Carl 123
Grottaglie (Spaceport) 37, 221
Ground
Ground segment 76, 185, 260, 261, 273
Ground station 37, 70, 72, 76, 108, 189, 195, 259
Ground system 189
Ground-based activities 195, 236
Ground-based facilities 200
Group of Governmental Experts on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunication in the Context of International Security 205, 244, 245
Group on Earth Observation 68
Guidelines 4, 7, 66, 84, 144, 145, 159, 166, 168, 237, 247, 249, 256, 262, 268
Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights 64, 89
Hacking tool 168170
Hard law 4, 5, 9, 14, 34, 96, 191, 241244, 254, 264, 274276
Hesse 95
High Commissioner
High Commissioner for Human Rights 89
High Commissioner for Refugees 120
High resolution (satellite pictures and images) 82, 107, 113, 144, 157, 158, 267
High seas 15, 91, 266
Humanitarian intervention 190
Hungary 203
Huvig v. France 129
Hyperspectral 3, 39, 43, 82
Identity (individual, personal) 97, 107, 126, 177
ImageSat International NV 2
India 51, 56, 122, 238
Individual criminal responsibility 188, 195, 225, 226, 234
Information security 238, 239, 245, 246, 257, 263
Information Security Forum 253
Infrastructure Asset Pre-Approval (Ia-Pre) Program 258261
Security Controls List 260
Inhuman and degrading treatment 119
Insurance 220223, 272
Intellectual property 166, 187, 205, 206, 208, 251, 252
Intelligence 76, 129, 136, 262
Interception, see bulk surveillance and interceptions, and targeted interceptions
International Academy of Astronautics 34
International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue 72
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 86, 87, 9094, 96, 118, 268
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 5457
International Electrotechnical Commission 253
International Institute for the Unification of Private Law 249
International Law Association 31, 83
International Organization for Standardization 249, 253
International Space Station 35, 195, 222, 225
International Telecommunication Convention 26
International Telecommunication Union 26, 27, 34, 237, 244, 256
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 18
Internet Governance Forum 251
Iran 119, 190, 203
Iraq 119
Italian authorities
Italian administrative independent authorities 159
Italian Data Protection Authority 158, 159, 177 see also Garante per la protezione dei dati personali
Italian Air Force 36, 77
Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation 212
Italian Space Agency 3, 3739, 77, 222, 223
National Labour Inspectorate 176, 180
Italian courts
Administrative Tribunal 154, 155. see also Tribunale amministrativo regionale, Corte d’Appello and Tribunale
Constitutional Court 147, 148, 156158, 169. see also Corte costituzionale
Council of State 155. see also Consiglio di Stato
Supreme Court 147, 150156, 162165, 167169, 172182, 270. see also Corte di Cassazione
Italian Earth observation program 2, 38, 76, 221
Italian Laws
Italian Civil Code (codice civile) 19, 149151, 175
Italian Code of Administrative Procedure (codice del processo amministrativo) 151
Italian Code of Civil Procedure (codice di procedura civile) 149151, 175
Italian Code of Criminal Procedure (codice di procedura penale) 146149, 156, 161, 165, 166, 172, 230
Italian Constitution (Costituzione) 111, 112, 157, 164, 169
Italian Criminal Code (codice penale) 104, 230, 231
Italian Data Protection Code (codice in materia di protezione dei dati personali) 112, 159, 170, 171, 175, 176
Italian Labour Act 175, 176, 178182
Italy 4, 7, 28, 36, 7478, 83, 104, 111, 152159, 162, 167, 203, 204, 211, 212, 221, 222, 231
itamsat 37
Izbica 61, 117
Japan 51, 77
Judge Higgins 116
Judge Parra-Aranguren 116
Judge Ranjeva 116
Judicial authorisation 156, 158, 162166, 169173, 182, 270
Justinian 17
Kármán Line 14, 15, 196
Kármán von, Theodore 14, 15
Kazakhstan 238
Kinetic attack 203, 227
Kraus v. Land Baden-Württemberg 127
Kruslin v. France 129
Kyrgyzstan 238
La Quadrature du Net and Others 140, 141, 144
Land Info 2
lares 37, 38
Latin and Caribbean countries 29
Launch (definition) 197198
Law of nature 17
League of Arab States 42, 239
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion 202
Leonardo S.p.A. 39, 76
Lex mercatoria and new lex mercatoria 248
Liability Convention (Convention on the international liability for damage caused by space objects) 84, 195, 196, 199, 213, 215217, 219, 222, 224, 231, 232, 235.
See also Attribution (of responsibility and liability), and Direct physical damage
Libert v. France 181
Liberty and Others v. the United Kingdom 129
License and licensing 220223, 259, 272
López Ostra v. Spain 59
Lòpez Ribalda and others v. Spain 180
Lord McNair 241
Low Earth orbit 113, 188, 267
Luxemburg 41
Loi du 20 juillet 2017 sur l’exploration et l’utilisation des ressources de l’espace 41
Mali 203
Malware 168, 186, 204
Marcianus 17
Maxar 43
mda Geospatial Services 2
Means of proof 115, 121, 125, 146149, 153, 162, 172, 175, 270
Means for obtaining proof, atypical 172
Means of proof and evidence, atypical 146182
MegSat 37
Microsoft 251
Millennium Development Goals 47
Mining 2729, 36, 40, 41, 44, 45, 48, 267
Ministerio Fiscal 140
Mirror Copernicus 76, 103
Mirror Galileo 78
Mirror sst Support Program 77
Moghaddas v. Turkey 119
Moon Agreement (Agreement governing the activities of States on the moon and other celestial bodies) 25, 3032, 83
Murray v. The United Kingdom 98
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 35, 40, 257
nasa Technical Standard 258, 273
National activities 213, 218
National security 93, 97, 101, 130, 136, 137, 140, 164, 188, 259
nato see North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Netherlands 203
New Space cloud see cloud
New Space era 2, 4, 5, 79, 22, 32, 33, 44, 82, 196, 198, 219, 266
New York v. Class 174
New Zealand 51
Nicaragua v. Colombia 116
Nicaragua v. Honduras 116
Nicaragua v. United States of America 205, 209
Niemietz v. Germany 96
Nigeria 152
nis’ Directive 254
nis 2’ 254, 262
Non-appropriation 23, 25, 40, 44, 45
Non-contractual obligation 180, 232
Rome ii Regulation 232
Non-excludability, and non-excludable 2022, 25, 26, 266
Non-governmental
Non-governmental entities 213, 214, 218, 235
Non-governmental organisation 14, 34, 54, 67, 93, 98, 248, 253, 255
Non-State actors 209, 226, 227, 246, 252
Non-State stakeholders 29
Non-intervention 205, 206, 217, 246
North Atlantic Treaty Organization and nato 76, 192, 193, 210
nato Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence 233
North-America 51
ohb Italia S.p.A 38, 39
optsat 3000 38, 39
Orbital slots 26, 27
Organization of American States 239
Outer Space Treaty (Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies) 25, 26, 30, 44, 45, 83, 85, 90, 91, 118, 196, 198, 213219, 222, 224, 234
Ownership 17, 23, 48, 219, 266
Pakistan 56, 238
Pardo, Arvid 23
Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace 251, 252
Paris Chamber of Commerce 249
Passive personality 103, 104
Personal data protection 81, 95, 99, 101, 104113, 134, 140, 177, 269
Planet Labs 2, 43
Poland 74, 121
prisma 2, 38, 39, 77, 221, 266
Privacy
‘Privacy discourse’ 86, 88, 8992, 180, 182, 268
Privacy of individuals 1, 6, 44, 82, 86, 91, 93, 97, 104, 118, 136, 268
Privacy of States 85, 268
Privacy protection 6, 8791, 9496, 98, 103, 118, 156, 181, 191, 268, 270.
See also Data processing, Electronic communications, and Personal data protection
Privacy International 140
Private
Private entities 1, 6, 21, 32, 41, 44, 45, 92, 98, 100, 103, 187, 192, 210, 222, 225, 242, 251, 252, 254, 272
Private life 81, 9498, 102, 129, 131135, 138, 140, 141, 144, 161, 162, 175
Private residence 158
Private spaces 156, 158, 160
Proportionality
Proportionality in the strict sense 124
Proportionality test 8, 9, 97, 115, 123128, 134, 140, 144, 145, 151, 181, 269
Prosecutor v. Duško Tadić (case it-94–1-ar72) 226
Prosecutor v. Duško Tadić (case it-94–1-t) 209
Prosecutor v. Nikola Sainovic et al. (case it-05–87-a) 61
Prosecutor v. Slobodan Milošević (case it-02–54) 61
Province of mankind 30, 31
Public
Public areas 156, 158
Public safety 93, 97, 101, 122, 123
Qatar 203
Recommendation 89, 242, 245247, 249, 251, 262
Registration 91, 96, 218, 219, 221, 222, 225
Registration Convention (Convention on registration of objects launched into outer space ) 84, 196, 222
Res communes omnium 17, 266
Rescue Agreement (Agreement on the rescue of astronauts, the return of astronauts and the return of objects launched into outer space) 83, 84
Rheinmetall ag 37
Riccias, Michelangelo 13
Rivalry and rival 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 266, 267
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 225227
Russia and Russian Federation 24, 41, 50, 51, 117, 203, 210, 238
S and Marper v. The United Kingdom 96
Satellite Imaging Corporation 2
Satellite Industry Association 262, 273
Satellites, small 3436, 113, 197, 198, 221, 267
Sentinel(s) 39, 66, 67, 68, 76
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 238, 239
Agreement between the Governments of the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 238, 239
sicral 38
Sitael S.p.A. 36, 39
Situation in Darfur, The Sudan 118
Snowden 88, 268
Soft law 46, 9, 84, 89, 90, 237, 240244, 248, 250, 251, 268, 273276
Somalia 120
South- Korea 29, 51
Sovereignty 19, 26, 85, 109, 111, 204207, 217, 246
Space object 73, 74, 91, 96, 101, 103, 189, 195199, 213, 215, 216, 218, 219, 221, 222, 225, 231, 232, 234236
Space Strategy for Europe 63
Space Surveillance and Tracking Program (EU) 63, 7375, 77
Spacecraft 197, 262
SpaceX 35
Special Rapporteur 31
Special Rapporteur on counter-terrorism and human rights 88
Special Rapporteur on freedom of expression and opinion 88
Special Rapporteur on the Right to Privacy 89
Spoofing 190, 219, 271
Srebrenica 117
Standard
‘Federal Information Processing Standard 140’ 258
nasa Technical Standard, nasa-std-1006’ 258
‘Standard iso/iec/27001 – iso/iec/27002’ 253, 263
Stena Impero 190
Suborbital flights 36, 197, 221
Sufi and Elmi v. The United Kingdom 120
Surveillance see bulk surveillance
Sustainability 1, 35, 7, 8, 19, 40, 42, 45, 75, 266, 267
Tailing 158, 162, 167, 172
Tajikistan 238
Tallinn Manual 2013 edition 233
Tallinn Manual 2.0 (2017 edition) 8, 233, 234, 272
Tele2 140, 141, 144
Telespazio S.p.A. 3739, 76, 78
temisat 37
Terra Server 2
Territory 85, 90, 91, 96, 104, 205, 209, 214, 218, 219, 235, 245, 246
Terroristic attack, terrorism and terrorist 2, 43, 50, 97, 98, 110, 130, 133, 135, 136, 140, 142, 145, 166, 186, 188, 211, 265
Thales Alenia Space 37, 39, 76
Thales of Miletus 13
The Queen v. Secretary of State for Health, ex parte British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd and Imperial Tobacco Ltd 127
Transnational law 21, 63, 193, 248
Transnational private regulation 46, 9, 21, 237, 240, 241, 247, 248251, 254, 255, 260, 261, 273276
Transnational standard see standard
Treaty establishing the European Community 105
Treaty of Amsterdam 105
Treaty of Maastricht 127
Treaty on the European Union 102, 105, 127, 275
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 62, 102, 105, 106, 230
Tribunale 157, 171
Tribunale amministrativo regionale 151, 154, 155
Trojan Horse see hacking tool
Tunis Agenda 252
Turkey 119
unisat 37, 38
United Arab Emirates 41
Federal Law No 12 on the Regulation of the Space Sector 41
United Kingdom 74, 121, 199, 203
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland v. Albania 209
United Nations
Charter of the United Nations (UN Charter) 201205, 213, 245
UN Agenda 2030 2, 7, 45, 47, 48, 51, 55, 59, 62, 63, 67, 72, 74, 77, 78, 190, 265
UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space 14, 15, 45, 54, 276
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 24, 25
UN Development Program 48
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 18
UN Environment Programme 18
UN General Assembly 30, 47, 48, 84, 86, 88, 89, 199, 204, 205, 227, 244, 247
UN General Assembly resolution(s) 47, 54, 84, 88, 227, 244, 245, 247, 252
UN Human Rights Committee 87, 88, 91, 93
UN Human Rights Council 89
UN Human Rights Council resolutions 64, 88, 89
UN Office for Outer Space Affairs 15, 51, 57
UN Sustainable Development Goal(s) 2, 5, 47, 48, 52, 6163, 67, 7377, 265
United States 40, 44, 51, 115, 203, 220, 221
United States Code, National and Commercial Space Programs 220
US Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act 40
US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency 237
US Executive Order No 13914 on Encouraging International Support for the Recovery and Use of Space Resources 40
US National Institute for Standard and Technology 186, 253, 257, 258, 260, 261, 263, 273
US National Security Agency 88
US Space Force 258261, 273
United States v. Jones 115, 174
unoosa see UN Office for Outer Space Affairs
Urthecast 2
‘Use it or lose it’ (principle) 28, 29
Uzbekistan 238
Uzun v. Germany 2, 98, 130, 132136, 138, 162, 163
vega 39
Venice Commission 136, 137
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 206, 207
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 205, 206
Virgin Galactic llc 36
Weber and Saravia v. Germany 128, 129, 130
Weber requirements 128130, 133, 135137
World Conservation Strategy 1820
World Summit on Information Society 251
World Trade Organization, and wto 208
World Wildlife Fund 18
Wrongful act 192, 193, 199203, 205, 208, 213, 217, 218, 223225, 246, 272
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