Index
Abdisho bar Brikha
70, 72, 86–92
Catalogue of Books
70, 86–92
Abraham of Nathpar
85–86, 89
Abraham (biblical prophet)
40, 115, 133n18, 222, 260, 264, 265n58, 269, 273
and Sarah
222
Achilles Tatios, Leukippe and Kleitophon
13–15, 96
Acts of Andrew
40, 44
Acts of Andrew and Matthias in the Land of the Anthropophagi
39–40, 43
Acts of Barnabas
40
Acts of John
40n53, 44
Acts of Matthew
40
Acts of Paul
44, 190–191, 194, 201–202
see also Thekla, Acts of Paul and Thekla
Acts of Peter
44
Acts of Philip in Greece
39
Acts of Thomas
40, 44, 197n66
Aesop, Life of
130n9
adab literature
258, 261–263, 265n60
Adam
257, 268–270, 272
and Eve
193, 199, 215, 247–248
story of their creation
199
Testament of
270, 272
Adrian and Nataly, Life of
153n7
Agathangelos, History of the Armenians
13, 16, 181–202
agency
54, 187
Alexander and Antonina, Martyrdom of
153n7
Alexander the Great
7, 91, 253–278, 295
Alexander the Monk
298n82
Alexios Mousele
120
ʿAli ibn Abi Tālib
255
allegory
6, 214, 222, 227, 236, 277–278
Alypios the Stylite, Life of
30n12
ambiguity
16, 27, 30n12, 36, 41n57, 46n70, 95, 103, 114n28, 156, 210, 212, 222, 229, 231, 258n30, 264
moral
212, 230
Ambrose, On Virgins
190n38
Ammianus Marcellinus
210, 213
Res Gestae
213
Ammonios, Report on the Slaughter of the Monks of Sinai and of Raithou
96–97
Anahit, goddess
187
analepsis
3
see also chronology
Ananias, High Priest
39
Ananisho
76, 82–86, 89
Paradise of the Fathers
85–86
Anastasia Patrikia, Life/Story of
153, 163–164, 172, 173
Anaxagoras
38
Andrew the Fool, Life of
35n34, 55–56, 58, 60, 62
Andronikos and Athanasia
Life of
153, 157–158, 159n31, 160, 161, 166
Story of Andronikos the Money-dealer and His Wife Athanasia
158
animals
43, 44, 61, 90n51, 99, 152, 162n40, 167–168, 194–199, 228, 284, 291, 298–301
ants
217–218
bird(s)
99, 194–195, 196, 270, 272, 273, 276, 278n105
boar
184, 195–198
as symbol of Vahagn
196
lion(s)
210, 216, 226, 228–229
speaking
43, 270, 273, 276
Anna the Younger called Euphemianos, Life of
153, 156
antagonist
129, 143–146, 292, 296n69
see also hero, anti-hero
Antony of Tagrit, On Rhetoric
143
Aphthonios, Progymnasmata
235
Apocalypse of Esdra
45
Apocalypse of Zosimas
45
Apolinaria, Life of
153, 160, 164, 166, 172
apologia
285, 287
Apuleius, Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass)
15, 195, 199
Aramaic (language)
212, 247
Ardashir I, King
19, 283–284, 294–297, 302
Ardawan IV, King
294–297
argumentum
9
see also plasma
Arianism
42, 236
Aristotle
31–32, 36, 84, 91, 143
as Alexander’s teacher
255, 257, 267
On the Soul
31–32
Armenian (language)
8, 181–202, 242n25
Armenians
181–183, 187–189, 191–192, 195, 198–202
as chosen people
182–183
plan of God for the
181–183, 187, 200, 202
Artapanos
288n24
Artaxerxes II, King
292
asceticism
18, 29, 52, 57, 82–86, 96, 98, 100, 104, 116, 119n49, 134–135, 140–141, 156n21, 184, 192, 199, 211, 215, 219–220, 230–231, 273n87
ascetic literature
18, 94–95, 193n51, 197, 199, 202
Astyages, King
291, 292, 295–296
Athanasios of Alexandria
87
Apology to Constantius
197n66
Life of Antony
5n14, 18n66, 30, 94–95, 100, 130, 138n36, 211n8
ʿAttār
271n80, 278
Book of the Divine
271n80, 278n106
Logic of the Birds
278n105
audience
6–7, 11–13, 17, 42, 43n63, 55, 58, 60–62, 103, 108–109, 112, 114, 132, 134, 146–147, 153–156, 163, 169, 171–176, 236–239, 242–243, 246–247, 249, 254, 257
expected by hagiographer to recognize invention
154–155, 173
Aurelius Victor, De caesaribus
300n90
authenticity
4, 10n32, 11n37, 14n53, 45, 132, 137, 188, 258, 260, 262n40
authentication
4, 14–17, 86, 131n14, 133–138, 146, 182n4, 184–186, 188, 189, 202, 210, 258, 261–266, 271, 277
technique(s) of
4, 14–17, 131n14, 133, 134n21, 138, 139, 184–186, 258, 261, 265, 271, 277
see also history, historicity
authority
19, 46, 55, 82, 116, 135, 156, 171, 176, 185, 191, 237, 261–263, 266, 271, 289
ecclesiastical
27, 55, 109, 111, 140
imperial
51, 56–59, 114
political
46, 109, 211
religious/spiritual
46, 55, 116
see also power
authorship
62, 69, 90–92, 99–101, 103, 155n17, 163, 170n73, 244n30
aristocratic
59–61
authorial pact
12–16, 19, 55, 72–73, 88, 237, 242, 263
see also fictional contract
secular
53, 55–57, 62, 185–186
autobiography
see biography
autopsy
4, 16, 40, 72n12, 131–132, 184–185, 202
see also (eye)witness (report)
Babai, Mar
73, 78–80, 83
Balʿami
259n31, 265n59, 268n71, 269n72, 294n61
Tārikhnāmah (Book of History)
259n31
barbarian(s)
95–99, 101–103, 105, 210, 216, 229
abduction by
96, 100, 103
Barhebraeus
70
Barlaam and Ioasaph, Life of
55, 61
barrenness
220
Bartholomew, Martyrion of
38–39
Basil I, Emperor
54, 302n99
Basil II, Emperor
54n7, 56, 61
Basil of Ancyra, On Virginity
197n66
Basil of Caesarea (‘Basil the Great’)
34n31, 236
On the Holy Spirit
34n31
Basil the Parakoimomenos
54n7
Basil the Younger, Life of
16, 51–59, 60–63
Bathsheba
see David
belief
6, 8, 9, 13, 16, 31, 33, 37, 60, 72n12, 135, 137, 154–155, 164, 176, 211, 228, 243
Bible
87, 183, 211n6, 112–213, 215, 217–218, 220, 231, 238–239, 254n9, 288
as model
19, 114–115, 121, 148, 186, 240–242, 259–260, 273–276
biblical motif
19, 194
biblical stylization
209–231
New Testament
Apocalypse of John
45
Corinthians
116n39, 192, 193n52, 194
Ephesians
193n52, 216
Epistle to the Hebrews
225
Epistles of Peter
185
Gospel of John
28, 35, 214–216, 238, 240, 242
Gospel of Luke
201, 214, 219–221, 225, 230, 240–242, 246
Gospel of Mark
38n48, 201, 214, 239–240
Gospel of Matthew
85, 193, 201, 214, 239–242, 245
Old Testament
Daniel
87, 88, 196
Deuteronomy
183n8, 183n9
Exodus
87, 88, 222, 254n8, 288
Ezekiel
32n21, 87, 88
Genesis
87, 88, 221–223
Isaiah
87, 88
Jeremiah
87, 88
Joshua
87, 88
Judges
87, 88
Kings
87, 212–213
Leviticus
87, 88
Proverbs
36, 218
Psalms
87, 183n8, 194–195, 222, 224–229, 231
Samuel
87, 212, 220, 225–229, 231, 285, 288, 289n30, 289n34, 290, 297
Song of Songs
193, 222, 230
Tobit
211n6
Twelve Prophets
87, 88
biography
4, 10n28, 17n63, 18, 19n68, 38, 69, 71–73, 76–83, 86, 88, 91–92, 108, 118, 130, 131n14, 209n2, 209n3, 210, 237–238, 258, 259, 260n36, 261, 264, 283, 285, 287, 288, 290, 302n99
autobiography
4, 90n51, 103, 132, 134n20, 210, 230, 277n103
collective
69, 76, 79, 86, 88, 91–92
see also martyrdom, collective salvation through
royal
283
‘Books of the fathers’
183
Borges, Jorge Luis
283–284, 302
Cacus (monster)
215, 227
captivity
39–40, 98, 100, 103, 112, 136, 187, 188, 210, 215–216, 221, 223–224
see also barbarian(s), abduction by
cave
82, 215, 218, 226–229, 284
celibacy
53, 192
Celsus
27, 31–33, 35–37
True Discourse
31
Cervantes, Don Quixote
12, 129
characterization
18, 19, 33, 109, 113, 133, 135, 141–142, 146, 201, 214, 230, 258n30–259
Chariton (novelist)
14
chastity
143, 189, 191–194, 200, 210–212, 218, 220, 222–223, 229, 231
Christ
19n69, 27, 32, 37–40, 42, 44, 75, 112, 116–117, 143n50, 144, 187, 193n51, 198, 201, 225, 229, 235, 238, 241, 243, 247–248
nativity of
241
Chronicle of Edessa
70
chronology
3, 17, 43, 54, 75–76, 85, 88, 91, 164, 185–186, 188, 284
chronological inconsistency
54
chronological narration
3, 75–76, 164
markers of
188
see also analepsis; prolepsis; in medias res
Clement of Alexandria
36
Stromateis
36n39
Clement of Rome, Bishop
15
see also Pseudo-Clementine Homilies
Cohn, Dorrit
129n3, 131n13, 169–170
Constantine I, Emperor
19, 284–285, 297–302
Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, Emperor
55–56, 58, 62, 291
Constantinople
44, 51, 53, 59–61, 108, 112–113, 116, 137, 238–242, 244
see also urbanity
Constantius, Emperor
298–299, 301
Constantius II, Emperor
42
Conversio Cypriani
30n12
conversion
34, 39, 61, 82, 98, 118, 140–141, 144, 146, 181, 183, 186, 189, 191, 196, 197, 199–201, 268n71
court
19, 56, 62, 185, 189, 274n96, 283–302
credibility
6n17, 9, 111, 113
see also plausibility; reliability
crucifixion
44, 248
cult
11n36, 109, 121, 199
curiosity
129, 141, 209, 219, 235, 255
Cyrus II of Persia (‘Cyrus the Great’)
285, 290–293, 295–296, 300
Dagron, Gilbert
6n15, 138
Damasus I, Pope/Bishop of Rome
87, 222
Daniel of Sketis
164, 172
Daniel (biblical prophet)
196
Daniel the Stylite, Life of
30n12
Darius I, King (‘Darius the Great’)
256n19, 264
Darius III, King
256n19, 264–266, 268n69
David (biblical king)
19, 114–115, 223–230, 235, 255, 258, 267–268, 273n89, 285, 287–290, 297
and Bathsheba
229–230
and Goliath
226, 289, 297n77
Debié, Muriel
70
deception
10, 15, 29, 39, 51, 222
see also lies; forgery; disguise
Delehaye, Hippolyte
10, 133n16, 140n38, 188n30
De Matons, Grosdidier
245n31, 246
Demokritos
38
desert
94–105, 164, 166, 168, 209–210, 215–217, 221–228, 231, 274
devil
29–30, 39, 45, 46n70, 118, 121, 200, 216–217, 226–229
demon(ic)
28–30, 36–37, 39, 51–52, 95, 118, 121, 197, 239, 262n47, 268–270, 273n89, 274, 277
see also Satan
de Vogüé, Adalbert
209n3, 214, 215n23, 219, 223, 230
Dhu al-Qarnayn
253–278
dialogue
18, 39–40, 187–188, 202, 243, 247–248, 283
see also discourse, direct
Dictys of Crete, Ephemeris Belli Troiani
15
diēgēsis
17n62, 220, 235, 260n36
Dinavari, Al-Akhbār Al-tiwāl (Lengthy Histories)
269n72
Dinon
291, 295–296
Diocletian, Emperor
189, 193–194, 200, 298n82, 299–301
Diodore of Tarsus
87
Diodoros Sikeliotes
291
discourse
direct
58, 103, 131, 139, 141, 152, 182
see also dialogue
free indirect
169n68
indirect
152n5
interior monologue
234, 242–243, 247, 249
see also speech
disguise
141n44, 151–152, 154n10, 157–161, 163–172, 174–176, 228, 265, 295
of gender
151–152, 154n10, 157–161, 163–172, 174–176
of identity
141n44, 228, 265n58, 295
see also deception; recognition
doublet(s) (as structuring principle)
215
doxa
31
dream
30n12, 31–32, 34–35, 140, 196, 223, 254n8, 265–266, 286, 291–292, 295
see also vision
Egeria, Itinerary
101
ego-narration
see first-person narrative; narrative perspective, homodiegetic
elaboration (of narrative account)
228, 246
Elisabeth (and Zechariah)
219–222, 224–225
ellipsis (narrative)
17, 95, 97, 100–102
embedded narrative
3, 57, 103–104, 164, 211, 213–214, 219, 222, 224, 271
Empedokles
38
enargeia
174n82
entertainment
hagiography as
175
reading pleasure
55, 61, 175–176
Ephrem Graecus
245
On the Sinful Woman
244n30, 245
Ephrem the Syrian
87–88, 244–245
ethics literature
259
ēthopoiia
18, 113, 235, 237
Eudokimos, St
114, 115n35
Life of
59
Eugenia, Life and Martyrdom of
153–154, 156–157, 171
Eunapios
300
Euphemia and the Goth, Story of
136–137
Euphemios
120n54
Euphrosyne of Alexandria, Life of
153, 158–159, 166
Euphrosyne the Younger, Life and Miracles of
153, 160, 164, 166
Eusebia/Xene, Life of
153n7
Eusebios of Caesarea
38, 72n10, 214, 241, 288n24, 298n82, 299–300
Against Hierokles
38
Canon Tables
241
Ecclesiastical History
72n10, 214
Life of Constantine
299
Eusebios of Emesa
Life of Saint Melania
197n66
On the Martyrs
197n66
On Virginity
197n66
Eustathios Boilas
59
Euthymios the Athonite
61
Evagrius of Antioch
210
Evaristos, Synaxarion
55–56
Eve
see Adam and Eve
exegesis
6, 87–88, 214, 234, 236–237, 242, 246–247, 249, 253n3, 254–258, 261, 263, 274, 275n98, 278
(eye)witness (report)
4, 15, 32, 34–35, 39, 40, 53, 76, 77, 131–132, 134, 139, 142n48, 145, 184–185, 189n35, 202, 221, 260n36, 263, 277n103
as opposed to written sources
4, 131–132, 260n36
see also autopsy
fabula
5n11, 9
see also mythos
fact
3, 4n9, 11, 34–35, 60, 72, 145–146, 184–185, 237, 257n25, 267, 300n91
factual(ity)
9, 44, 55, 57, 61, 72, 146, 154, 202, 292n53
factual narrative
4, 18–19, 148, 169, 170n74, 185
falsehood
15, 28–31, 33, 35, 45, 46n68, 71, 118, 151n2, 154, 165n51, 167–169, 186, 245
false identity
15, 167–169
see also disguise
fantastical
95–96, 257, 262
fantastical creatures
96
see also animals
fiction
as ‘make-believe’
13, 172n79, 175
as ‘suspension of disbelief’
71, 176
fictional contract
12, 55, 71, 154, 175, 240
see also authorship, authorial pact
fictional(ity)
5–7, 9n23, 10, 11n37, 12–14, 16–19, 27–28, 33, 35n34, 39, 42–47, 55, 71–73, 91, 95, 98, 103, 129–130, 133, 147, 154–155, 164, 169–176, 182n4, 184, 189, 235–244, 246–249, 262, 283
signs of
6, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17n63, 71–72, 101, 103–104, 129n2, 130, 169–173, 176, 234, 236, 242–244, 249, 277
local (vs. global)
155, 171, 175–176
fictionalization
5n9, 10n28, 18–19, 96–97, 99–104, 108, 111, 113, 118, 121, 130, 135n23, 155n19, 170n74, 182n4, 185, 198, 202, 236–239, 242–244, 247, 262n43
fictional saint
55, 60, 154n13, 175, 277
fictive(ness)
7, 9n26, 10–12, 17n64, 42, 45, 54–55, 60, 62, 71–72, 95, 155n19, 237, 243, 248, 256, 265, 271
as opposed to fiction(al)
10, 60, 71
generic fiction
155, 170–171, 175–176
see also invention
Firdawsī
259n31, 265n58, 272, 273n90, 277n104, 283–284, 294–295
Shāhnāmah
259n31, 265n58, 272n81, 283, 294–297
first-person narrative
3, 15, 103–104, 163n45, 211
see also narrative perspective, homodiegetic
Flavios Josephos
288n24
Fludernik, Monika
170
focalization
154–155, 167–173, 176
forgery
10, 14–15
Gabriel, Mar (Metropolitan of Karka de Beth Slokh)
78–79, 82
Gabriel (angel)
220, 276n99
Galaktion and Episteme, Life and Martyrdom of
13, 15
Galerius, Emperor
297–301
Gayiane, St
183, 189
gender
152n4, 153–154, 164–166, 168–169, 172
transgression of gender boundaries
153–154, 165–166, 169
genealogy
259, 264, 265n58, 267, 268n71, 269, 271, 275
Genette, Gérard
14n52, 131n13, 163n45, 167, 169–170
George, Bishop of Alexandria, Life of John Chrysostom
44
George, St
45, 260
Martyrdom of
45
Georgios, Bishop of Amastris
108, 114
Life of
108n6, 114n33, 115n35
Georgian (language)
239, 241–242
Gog (and Magog)
253, 266, 272, 275
Gospel of Mary
190n38
Gospel of Thomas
190n38
Greek (language)
5, 8, 27–47, 51–64, 90, 94–105, 108–121, 139–140, 141n44, 151–176, 184, 186, 190, 212–213, 224–225, 234–249, 290–293, 299–302
Gregory, Bishop of Agrigento, Life of
41n56
Gregory of Nazianzos, Theological Orations
236
Gregory of Nyssa
Life of Gregory the Wonderworker
35
Life of Moses
29
Gregory Pahlawuni
181, 183–184, 187–189, 191, 197–199, 201
Guidi Vita (of Constantine)
298n82
Habbib the Deacon, Martyrdom of
141n44
hadith
258, 261–263, 266, 269, 271
Halkin or Patmos Vita (of Constantine)
298n82, 300–301
harlot
234–235, 239–240, 242, 244–247
harmonization (of accounts)
7, 240–242, 245–246, 288
Harvey, Susan A.
244, 247
Hebrew (language)
212–213, 254n8
Heliodoros, Aithiopika
12, 15
hell
248
Hercules
227
heresy
44, 61, 110n15, 111, 112, 114–115, 117, 192
see also Arianism; Iconoclasm; Iconoduly
Hermocrates
14
hero
7, 13, 17, 37, 95, 97, 108–111, 114–115, 117–120, 175, 185, 191, 198, 202, 214, 235, 290
anti-hero
214
Herodotos
99, 291–292
Histories
99n18
Hierokles
38
Hilaria, Life of
153n7
historiography
4, 19, 70, 72, 75–77, 120, 130, 146, 183–185, 202, 210–211, 220, 261, 285, 292–294, 296–298, 300–301
chronicles
70, 89, 120, 184, 290
see also history
history
cultural
28n3, 46
ecclesiastical
71n10, 77–78, 79, 82, 85, 210, 214, 221, 230
historia
9, 33, 210–211, 231
Historia Sacra
202
historical event/reality
4, 10–12, 17, 60, 71, 73, 80, 82–83, 108–110, 113, 154, 186, 192, 237, 257n25, 285
historical narrative
11, 74–75, 176, 184, 186, 236, 283, 287, 290, 293
historical person
4, 14n53, 41, 61, 111n17, 119, 175, 262, 267, 274, 277, 278n106, 288, 290, 302
historicity
10–12, 14, 19n71, 33, 38n45, 96, 99–100, 130–131, 146, 211–212, 237, 243, 288
see also authenticity
Islamic
255n12, 258n28, 261, 267, 269n72
literary
16, 20, 59, 69–74, 78, 81–83, 86, 88, 91, 184
liturgical
235
pseudo-historical
257
see also historiography
History of David’s Rise
285, 288–289, 291
History of Mar Abba
140–141
History of the Great Deeds of Bishop Paul of Qentos and Priest John of Edessa
96–98, 100–101, 104–105
History of the Man of God (Syriac)
133–135
History of the Monks in Egypt
30, 86
Homer
10n30, 57n22, 130n6
Odyssey
15
homily/-ies
81, 222, 238, 245, 247
see also sermon(s)
Hṙip‘simē, St
13, 181, 183–184, 187, 189–195, 200–201
humility
30, 53, 90, 169, 231, 271, 273, 277
hymn(s)
7, 17–18, 20, 80, 87–88, 234–249
kontakion
234
kontakarion
239n16
Hypatios of Gangra, St
Life of
41–43
Martyrion of
40–43
hypothetical (account)
242–243, 244n29
Ibn ʿAbbās
254
Ibn Kathir
254n3
Ibrāhim Nisāburi, Tales of the Prophets
272
Iconoclasm
7, 108–221
Iconoduly
17, 109–114, 117–119, 121
ideology
11, 27, 41n57, 46, 113, 138, 146, 167n56, 202, 294, 299n87
‘if-then’ construction
135
Ignatios the Deacon
17, 108–121
Life of Gregorios Dekapolites
7, 17, 108–121
Life of Nikephoros
108–109, 116–117
illusion
28–30, 36–38, 40, 139, 147, 172, 174, 181, 182n3, 188
imagination
4–10, 17, 27–36, 46, 78, 96–100, 102–103, 105, 109, 223, 234, 254, 301
imaginative narrative
6n15, 10–11, 42, 71, 79, 95, 97, 100, 111n17, 146, 174n82, 244, 247, 249, 257
of characters
31, 35, 78, 97–98, 223
immersion
156, 173n80, 173–176
implausibility
285
see also plausibility; credibility
informant
16, 133–138, 146, 292n53
in medias res
42, 96, 98, 164, 172
see also chronology
interiority
18, 129n3, 130, 146, 147n63, 154–155, 170–171, 234, 237, 242–243, 247, 349
emotions
18, 30, 118, 129–131, 134n19, 143, 173n80, 174n82, 226
representation of
16, 18, 120, 129–131, 134n19, 135, 138–142, 146–147, 171
see also thought; subjectivity
intertextuality
7, 18–19, 57n22, 114–117, 120, 184, 190–191, 194, 201–202, 212, 216n25, 215–231, 237, 239, 242, 244–246, 249
intertextual modelling
7, 13n48, 16, 18–19, 34n31, 94, 96, 108–110, 113–115, 121, 135, 148, 184, 186, 191–193, 240, 243, 256n19, 259–260, 267, 273n89, 276, 287, 293, 302
invention
4–12, 14, 17, 34, 45, 55, 130–131, 154–155, 170–173, 176, 211, 237, 239, 244–246, 287
see also falsehood; fiction; forgery; lie; truth, untruth
Ioannes Zonaras
45–46
irony
40, 155, 235, 247
dramatic
40, 235, 247
Isaac (biblical patriarch)
40
and Rebecca
222
isangelia
193
Ishmael (son of Abraham)
269n74
Ishmaelites
212, 215, 223
Ishodnah of Basra, Book of Chastity
82
Ishoyahb III of Adiabene, Katholikos
74, 76, 80, 83–84
Iskandarnāmah (Book of Alexander)
273n89
Jacob (biblical patriarch)
40, 115, 215, 221–225
Jacob of Edessa
84n39, 89
Jacob of Serugh
244
Jacob (founder of the monastery of Beth Abe)
73–74, 78–79, 81–83
Jamshid, King
268
Japheth (son of Noah)
264, 269
Jerome
14, 19, 85, 95–96, 105, 209–231
De situ et nominibus locorum hebraicorum
212
Hebraicae quaestiones in libro geneseos
212
Liber interpretationis hebraicorum nominum
212
Life of Hilarion
209
Life of Malchus
14, 19, 209–231
Greek translation of
224
Life of Paul of Thebes, the First Hermit
14n53, 95–96, 105, 209, 211
Tractatus LIX in psalmos
227n40
John Chrysostom
85, 87
Life of
44
John Kalyvites, Life of
119n49, 141n44
John, Mar
76, 83
John of Dalyatha
89
John the Baptist
220–221, 225
Joseph and Asenath
87
Joseph (son of Jacob)
115, 254n9
and Potiphar’s wife
223
Joseph Huzaya
84n39, 86
juxtaposition (in narrative)
247, 283, 297
Kafka, Franz, The Trial
13n45
Kaldellis, Anthony
6n15, 12, 136n24, 138n36
Kalila and Dimna
90
Kārnāmag-ī Ardašīr-ī Pābagān
283, 294–297
Kazhdan, Alexander
41, 108n6
Kerykos and Ioulitta, Martyrdom of
45
khabar/akhbār
260n36
Khosro I, King
267
Khosro II, King
267
Khidr, St
260, 270, 272, 274, 276–277
kingship
187, 265, 268n69, 268n70, 273, 278, 289, 297
Koriwn
183n9, 185–186
Life of Maštoc‘
183n9, 185–186, 202
Krumbacher, Karl
45
Ktesias
285, 291–293, 295
Indika
291n37
Persika
291
Kyrillos of Skythopolis
Life of Sabas
30n12
Lactantius
296n69, 298n82, 299–300
De mortibus persecutorum
296n69, 299
lament
99, 247–248
Latin (language)
4n9, 5–6, 8, 86n45, 87, 130n6, 184, 186, 189n35, 209–231, 298, 300
leadership
79, 109, 113, 218, 259, 268, 273–276
lectionary
238–242, 249
Leo VI
57
letters/letter-writing
3, 39, 70n8, 77–78, 84, 91, 113, 189, 212, 225, 286
Leukios Charinos
44
lie(s)/lying
10, 113, 222
see also deception; falsehood, false identity; forgery; invention; truth, untruth
liturgy
7, 10, 54, 59, 80, 88, 110, 116, 120, 234–252
living texts
13
see also mouvance; open texts
Livy
210
Ab urbe condita
130n10
logos
30, 32, 36
logikē dynamis
36
Longos
14
love
76–77, 78, 84–85, 193, 200, 215, 234, 235, 244, 260, 277
falling in love
189
love novel/romance
119n50, 211, 231
love poetry
222
see also marriage
Lübeck, Aemilius
218
Lucian
12, 38n45
Luqmān the Wise
260
magic
30n12, 37, 46, 101, 241–242
allegations of
27, 38–43
Magog (Gog and)
253, 266, 272, 275
Mango, Cyril
118
Marina of Skanio, Life of
153, 157
Markellos Akoimetes, St
116
Markos Eugenikos
45n66
marriage
134, 136, 189, 192, 209–210, 212, 215–217, 219, 221–223, 226, 228–230, 264, 266, 300
see also love
Martha, Life of
41n56
martyrdom
69, 109, 140, 142, 144, 146, 163n44, 184, 187–189, 193, 199–201, 211, 30–231
bloodless
231
collective salvation through
191–192
Mary, mother of Jesus
200, 245, 247
Mary Magdalene
240
Mary called Marinos, Life of
153, 157, 168–169
Mary of Bethany
240
Mary of Egypt, Life of
28, 57n22, 138n36
Matrona of Perge, Life of
5n14, 153, 154n13, 156, 171, 175
Māturidi
255
Māwardi
254, 255n10
Maximinus
298n82
memra
78, 81, 88–91, 245, 247
see also poetry
Mēnologion of Basil II
56
metamorphosis
40, 43–44, 61, 119, 151, 184, 195–199, 202, 298, 301
metaphor
76, 121, 165, 184, 186, 193n52, 195, 197, 200, 202, 216, 226, 228, 247n39, 248, 277n102, 289, 291
metaphrasis
45n66, 162n42, 171n75, 224
see also rewriting; translation
Methodius of Olympus, The Banquet
193n48
Michael II, Emperor
120n54, 302n99
Michael III, Emperor
302n99
Michael Glykas, Proverbs
29–30
Michael Psellos, Life of Auxentios
30, 56
Michael the Syrian
70
mind-reading
175–176
see also thought, representation of
miracle
3, 4n9, 6, 9n27, 10, 27–28, 31–32, 35, 36n41, 37, 38–43, 47, 53, 55, 60, 69, 72, 95, 118, 121, 136–140, 187–188, 191, 220, 270
animation (of inanimate things)
40, 43
exorcism
121
healing
42, 53, 118, 121, 137, 139–140, 197, 199, 214, 248
prophecy
32, 35, 51, 53, 88, 98, 265n60, 289, 292, 295
see also vision
resurrection
31–32, 37, 40, 42, 44–45, 53, 297
monologue
see discourse
Moses (biblical prophet)
19, 115, 183, 215, 221–223, 224–225, 254n8, 255n9, 259–260, 262, 270–271, 273–276, 288, 300
motif (narrative)
see topos
mouvance
163n44
see also living texts; open texts
Muhammad (prophet)
253–255, 257–258, 261, 263, 265, 268n68, 269n74–75, 271, 276
Murtadā
266
Muqātil ibn Sulaymān
253n3
mysticism
142–143, 255n14, 259, 272, 273, 276
mystical meaning of Scripture
236
myth
19, 267–268, 288, 295n67
pagan
10n29, 95
mythos
9, 14, 33
see also fabula
Nabonidus, King
293
narrator/narrative voice
18–19, 29, 51, 53, 55, 58, 97, 103–104, 155n17
fictional
14, 35n34
heterodiegetic
163–164, 169n68, 171
historical
173, 176
homodiegetic
163–164, 171
multi-faceted
53, 55, 57–58, 62
obfuscation of
97, 103–104
of fiction
170
omniscient
18, 99, 104, 131, 147, 167n53, 171
primary
57, 103, 152–153, 156, 171–172, 210, 213–214, 218–219, 221
Narseh, Martyrdom of
142n48
Nathan (biblical prophet)
229
Nebuchadnezzar (biblical king)
195–197
Nicolaus of Damascus
291–292
Nikephoros the Confessor, Patriarch
44–45, 110n15, 116–117
Constitutiones Ecclesiasticae
44–45
Life of
108–109, 117
Niketas David Paphlagon, Martyrion of St. George
45
Niketas Magistros
29n6, 56–57
Life of Theoktiste of Lesbos
28–29, 55–58, 61, 103n25
Nikolaos Mouzalon, Patriarch
46
non-fiction(al narrative)
14, 101, 155, 170, 176, 242
non-fictive
246–247
see also history
novel
28n4, 129, 170n74
ancient/late antique
8n20, 10n28, 12–15, 17n62, 18, 33, 43n63, 95–96, 98n13, 103, 119n50, 130, 181–182, 202, 211–212, 215, 222, 229–231
historical
12, 43n63
modern
13n45
novelistic
4, 146, 184
novelization
28n4, 60
object (material)
34n31, 137n28, 141n44, 262, 273
(magical) stone
40, 43, 137, 270, 272, 273, 276–277
see also miracle
open texts
271n79
see also living texts; mouvance
Opitz Vita (of Constantine)
298n82, 300
Origen of Alexandria
9, 27, 222, 236
Against Celsus
31–37, 197n66
Canticle
222
On Prayer
31
On Principles
32
Philokalia
236n7
Origo Constantini
299
orthodoxy
17, 43–46, 60, 84n39, 109, 110n15, 111, 116, 119, 121, 239n19, 263n50
Ovid
Amores
12
Metamorphoses
195
Pabag
294n61, 295
pagan(ism)
10n29, 27, 31, 33, 36, 38, 41n57, 46, 95, 187, 193–194, 200–201, 217, 231
Palladius
85–86
Lausiac History
86
Panegyricus Latinus VI
298
Paradise
53, 85, 90
Garden of Eden
95, 200
paradox
14n50, 16, 18, 220–221, 225, 235, 247, 257
paraphrase
213
see also metaphrasis
Paraskeuē the Younger, Life of
46
paratext
4, 13–14
Passion (account of martyrdom)
15, passim
passion épique
11n34, 188
passion historique
11n34, 140, 147
passion (emotion)
30, 189
command over (as Stoic ideal)
213
Paul (apostle)
44, 121, 190, 194, 201
see also Acts of Paul; Thekla, Acts of Paul and Thekla
Paul (of Thebes)
14n53, 95, 209
Paul (founder of Evergetis monastery)
59
Paul (of Qentos)
see History of the Great Deeds of Bishop Paul of Qentos and Priest John of Edessa
Peeters, Paul
181–182
Pelagia, Life of
153–154, 163–164, 171
Peregrinos of Parion
38n45
Perpetua and Felicity, Passion of
190n38
persecution
144, 211, 214, 225, 227–229, 231, 274, 288, 299
Persian (language)
8, 90n51, 253–282, 283–297
Persian martyrs (acts of)
132, 139–140, 142, 143n50
phantasia
8n19, 9, 17, 27–37, 40n53, 41n57, 46
kataleptikē phantasia
33
phantastikon
36
Philaretos
114, 115n35
Philistines
222, 226
Philo
288n24
philosophy
3–4, 6, 9, 20, 31–32, 35–39, 84, 90, 143, 145, 214, 267, 270
Philostorgios
298n82, 300
Philostratos, Life of Apollonios of Tyana
38
Photios
44–45
Bibliothēkē (cod. 114)
44
Pilgrim of Piacenza
101–102
Itinerary
102n24
plasma
9, 33
see also argumentum
Plato
9n25, 31–32, 38
Sophist
29
Timaios
31, 35
plausibility
8, 11, 132, 148, 174, 231, 255, 258
see also credibility; reliability; verisimilitude
Plautus
217, 228n43
plot (narrative)
14, 43, 102, 169, 242, 274
construction of
133, 139–147
emplotment
17n64
plot (intrigue)
226, 284, 294n61, 298–300
poetry
6, 80, 87–88, 222
liturgical
80, 234–252
metrical hagiography
74
see also love, love poetry
Polymios
39
Porphyry of Tyre, Life of Plotinus
213
power
of Christ/God
39, 194
demonic
30n12, 36
ecclesiastical
27, 231
of faith
36
of magic/miracles
37, 42, 53, 137, 139, 270, 273
of phantasia
32
political
27, 46, 54, 58–59, 185, 211, 268, 270, 272, 287, 296
of relics
195
of saint(s)
115, 121, 190, 201
of speech/language
40, 82, 105, 129, 174n82, 183, 247n39, 293
transcendental
272
Pratsch, Thomas
11
Praxagoras
298n82, 300
prayer
18, 30n12, 36, 78, 84, 117, 120, 131, 188, 195, 197, 200–201, 220, 224–226, 229, 274–275
profanation
184, 195–199
progymnasmata
235
see also Aphthonios; rhetoric, rhetorical education
prolepsis
42, 140, 141n44
see also chronology
prologue
131, 133n18, 136–137, 142n46, 148, 184, 186, 209–210, 212, 220, 228n43, 230–231
prophet(hood)
19, 32, 35, 53, 87–88, 98, 115, 220, 226, 229, 253–282, 292, 295
Pseudo-Aurelius Victor, Epitome de Caesaribus
300n90
Pseudo-Basil, On Virginity
197n66
Pseudo-Callisthenes
255n12–13
Pseudo-Chrysostom
245
Pseudo-Clementine Homilies
15, 40, 120n55
Pseudo-Daniel, Narrations
158
Pseudo-Neilos, Narrations
5n14, 13, 95–107
Pseudo-Symeon
120n53
psychology
12n43, 35–36, 46, 167n56, 170n74
Pythagoras
38
Qurʾān
7, 253–257, 260n35, 262, 265, 269, 272, 274, 276
commentaries on
254, 261
Rafael (angel)
269, 277
Rapp, Claudia
11
reader expectation
8, 17, 28, 32, 41, 71, 87, 92, 109–110, 134, 143, 147, 154, 169, 182n4, 190, 218, 242, 264, 283
see also audience
realism
113, 136, 174–176, 190, 194, 214
absence of
302
reality
10–11, 17–19, 28, 31, 35, 37, 53, 55, 72, 97–98, 104, 109–110, 112–113, 113–120, 148, 168–169, 173–176, 202, 246, 290, 297
Rebecca (and Isaac)
222
recognition
of narrative features (by audience)
6n15, 13–14, 57n22, 79, 103, 154–155, 169–170, 173, 254, 257, 261, 283, 285, 297
in narrative (by characters)
98, 151, 210
of identity
119, 141n44, 158, 159n31, 161, 165n51, 169
absence of
119n49, 120n55, 159
by voice
119
redemption
134, 187, 199–200
reliability
4, 11, 16, 27, 34, 135–136, 138, 140n38, 147, 173, 176, 214, 220, 246, 261
absence of
37
see also plausibility; credibility; narrator/narrative voice
rewriting
56, 60, 62, 158, 171n75
see also metaphrasis
rhetoric
ancient
9, 11, 17–18, 56
panegyric
79, 298
rhetorical education
18n67
rhetorical exercise
210, 235, 237
see also progymnasmata
rhetorical practice
11, 235, 244
rhetorical purpose
16, 71–72, 78, 142
rhetorical style
79, 97, 99, 135
rhetorical technique
16, 72n12, 73, 75–76, 88, 91–92, 99, 110, 121, 129, 143, 148, 249, 258n28
rhetorical theory
11, 143, 299
rhetorical tradition(s)
9, 143, 147, 237
Rhetorica ad Herennium
9n26
Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith
167, 172
rituals
234–252, 301
Roman de Silence
154n10
Romanos I Lekapenos
56
Romanos the Melodist
7, 18, 234–252
On Doubting Thomas
243
On the Ascension
244
On the Harlot
235, 239, 244–247
On the Hemorrhaging Woman
243
On the Man Possessed by Demons
239
On the Nativity I
241
On the Samaritan Woman
242
The Lament of the Mother of God
247–248
ruler-prophet
19, 254–256, 258–260, 267–268, 271, 276, 278
ruler-saint
7, 19
Rydén, Lennart
58, 62
sacrifice
96, 183, 187, 191
Sahdona (Martyrius)
79–80, 82–83
Sallust
210
salvation
53, 183, 191, 199–200, 214, 221, 248, 258, 268
see also martyrdom, collective salvation through
Samaritan
the Samaritan woman
243, 247
Samuel (biblical prophet)
220, 225–226
Saracen(s)
94, 102, 210, 213, 216–217, 221, 226, 228–230
see also barbarian(s)
Sarah (and Abraham)
222
Sardanapalus, King
291
Sargon of Akkad
285–290, 292–293
Satan
29–30, 36n41, 38n48, 200, 217
see also devil
Saul (biblical king)
226–229, 258, 267, 285, 287–290, 297n77
Schaeffer, Jean-Marie
6n15, 154n12, 172–174
Scottish Legendary
130, 147n62, 154
scribe
83, 153, 161–163, 165, 174–175, 188, 287
secrecy
99, 118, 129, 151, 164, 171n75, 181, 200, 223, 272
see also disguise
Seleukos
296n72
Seneca
231
Troades
215, 228
sermon(s)
6, 87–91, 237–238, 240, 244–246
see also homily/-ies
Sextus Empiricus
33
Shabur II, King
142, 144–145
Shabur, Martyr
143n50
Shapur
294
Shenoute
29
shepherd(s)
111–112, 210, 215–216, 221–226, 230–231, 241, 288–289, 295
Shirin
139–140
Martyrdom of
140n38, 148
shrine
136, 197
silence
42, 52, 84, 113, 121
Simeon Bar Ṣabbaʿe, St
142, 144
History of
145n58
Martyrdom of
142, 144n56, 145n57
Simon the Leper
234, 240
solitude
216
Solomon Bar Garaph
81
Solomon (biblical king)
19, 217, 219, 224, 230, 255n9, 258–260, 262, 267–268, 273–274
Sophronios, Patriarch of Jerusalem
28n5
source(s)
4, 8, 10, 16, 44, 96, 99, 110, 132, 146–147, 192, 212–213, 217, 240
authors/narrators dealing with
70–72, 74–78, 81–82, 86, 88, 91, 132, 134–135, 136–137, 142n47, 170n74, 184, 237, 240–241, 245, 261, 263, 264n55, 268n71, 269, 278, 284n3, 288, 292, 294–295, 300
comparing (as authentication)
71, 220
listing (as authentication)
17, 74, 77, 81–82, 210
oral
74–75
source criticism
237
written
4, 10, 16, 74, 77–78, 81, 88, 142n47, 146, 184, 192, 240–241
speech
54, 58, 79, 81, 103, 131n13, 143, 147, 187–189, 215, 242–243, 246, 253, 276, 298
direct
139, 152
characterization through
18, 113, 235, 237
see also ēthopoiia
imagined
244
indirect
152n5, 156n21
see also discourse; rhetoric
Staurikios Oxeobaphos
46n70
Stephen, the proto-martyr
115n36
stereotype
19, 283–285, 287, 300
Stoicism
31, 33, 213, 228
see also philosophy
storm
140–141
Story of the Merchant in Constantinople
137–138
structure (of a narrative)
92, 98, 103, 147, 215, 217, 219, 260, 265n59, 274
subjectivity (representation of)
18, 129–131, 134n19, 135, 138–142, 146–147, 154–155, 170–171, 234
see also thought; interiority
Sufi
7, 259–260, 271, 277–278
Sumerian (language)
285–286
Sumerian King List
285–286, 289, 292
Sumerian Legend
285–289, 292
Susanna, Life of
153, 156, 157n23
Symeon Logothetes
120
Symeon Metaphrastes
40n54–55, 45–46, 56, 58, 162n42, 171n75
Mēnologion
45, 55–56, 59–60
Symeon Stylites the Younger, Life of
41n56
Symeon, uncle of Gregorios Dekapolites
112–113, 118n45, 119
Synesios of Cyrene
31, 35
Syriac (language)
8, 69–93, 96, 104, 129–150, 190, 212–213, 240–241, 244–247, 266n63
Tabari
253n3, 259n31, 265n56, 269n72–74, 296
History of the Prophets and Kings
265n58, 268n69, 294
Taʾrikh
259n31
Tacitus
210
Tatian, Diatessaron
87, 241
Tarasios
108–109, 110n15
Life of
117
technical terms (as authentication in narrative)
220
temptation
36, 215, 217, 223, 229
Thaʿālibi
264n53, 265n56, 265n58, 269n72, 272
Ghurar al-mulūk (The Splendor of Kings)
259n31
Thaʿlabi
7, 19
Lives of the Prophets
7, 253–282
Thekla, St
190–191, 193, 201, 228
Acts of Paul and Thekla
19n70, 153n7, 168n60, 228
see also Acts of Paul
Life and Miracles of
38n47
Theodora and Didymos, Martyrdom of
153n7
Theodora of Alexandria, Life of
151–154, 161–163, 164–168, 172
Theodore of Mopsuestia
87
Theodore of Stoudios
109
Theodoret of Cyrus, Religious History
186
Theodoros Balsamon
45
Theodoros Krithinos
113
Theodosios, Katholikos
74
Theophanes
298n82, 302n99
Theophilos, Emperor
112, 114, 120
third-person narrative
3, 104, 130–132, 163n45
see also narrator/narrative voice, heterodiegetic
Thomas of Marga
69–93
Book of the Governors
69, 73–74, 79, 83, 86
Life of Maranammeh
74, 80–81
thought
activity of reader or listener of narrative
28, 36, 46–47, 60
representation of (in narrative)
18, 129–131, 132, 133–147, 156n21, 170–171, 210, 214, 221, 242–243, 247, 262, 272
absence of
141–142
doubt
16, 136–138, 146, 243
see also subjectivity; interiority
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War
130n10
tomb
32, 136
see also shrine
topos/topoi (in hagiography)
11, 18, 28, 184, 202
animation of lifeless things
43
deceptive phenomenology
29
domesticated wild animal
152, 168, 194
eating one’s own flesh
197
found manuscript
14n51
imaginative representation
6n15, 10–11, 95, 97, 100, 111n17, 257
imposition of narrative pattern
283
lie as phantasia
29
metamorphosis
43, 196
modesty
135, 186
portrait of female beauty
189
recognition by voice
see recognition
scribes/secretaries/stenographers
74, 78, 83, 161–163, 174–175, 188–189, 287
trustworthy custodian
133–136, 138
unworthiness
185–186, 226
writing accurately
186
torture
41–43, 111, 188, 190, 195
translation
of relics
55–56
of texts
61, 90, 104, 113n28, 190, 211n6, 212–214, 222–223, 224–225, 254n8, 259n31, 285
see also metaphrasis
travel
86, 90n51, 94, 100–102, 112, 114, 119, 121, 151–152, 158, 230, 253, 255, 258, 262, 265n59, 266, 272, 275–276, 291
pilgrimage
96, 100–102, 187
travelling texts
61, 287
travel-literature
95, 212n10
Trdat the Great, King of Armenia
181, 184–185, 188–190, 193–199
truth
as shaped by narrative traditions
7, 235, 238–242, 246
claims of
4, 14, 18, 28, 31, 35, 129–150, 184–186, 202, 264
hagiography as telling truth
3–6, 8, 17, 131n14, 154, 173, 175–176
historical/factual
4, 10–12, 18, 27–28, 33, 57, 60, 154, 164, 165n51, 172–173, 211n9, 236, 243, 258
see also history
illusion of
188
moral
3–4
philosophical
3–4
religious
3–4, 9, 13, 19, 27, 35, 130, 154, 201, 234–238, 244–249
truthfulness
3–4, 11–12, 14, 19, 28, 131, 133–138, 146, 156, 184, 186, 188, 210, 239, 248
absence of
34
untruth
10, 12, 45, 71
see also fiction; invention; lie
Turner, Peter
3–4, 131, 186
urbanity
39–40, 51–54, 57–58, 62, 84, 97, 114n30, 118–119, 121, 132, 134, 137, 184, 187, 194, 196, 230, 238, 253n3, 272, 274, 285, 296n74
desert as city
95
see also Constantinople
Uriah the Hittite
229
Urzababa (king of Kish)
285–289, 297
Vahagn, Zoroastrian god
196
Valerian, Emperor
214
veracity
4, 32–33, 35, 38, 42, 99, 258, 260, 262–263, 266, 277
see also truth
verisimilitude
8, 11, 18, 28n4, 41n57, 43n63, 47, 72, 143
Virgil
130n6, 217–219, 231
Aeneid
215, 218, 227
virginity
81, 171n75, 183–184, 187, 190n38, 191–195, 199–200, 219–220, 222, 230, 242
virginal body
13, 184, 194–195, 197–198, 200, 202
as church
13, 184, 194–195, 202
vision
4n9, 32, 34, 42, 53, 55, 58, 72, 97, 140, 197, 286–287
see also dream; miracle, prophecy
Wahb ibn Munabbih
264, 266, 268–269, 275
Walsh, Richard
4n7, 12n41, 13n45, 17n64, 155n15, 155n19
Xenophon of Athens, Cyropaedia
130n9, 291
Xenophon of Ephesos, Ephesiaka
215
Yazdgird I, King
142n4, 143n50
Zamyād Yašt
295n67
Zechariah (and Elisabeth)
219–222, 224–225, 230
Zoroastrianism
139–140, 142n48, 144, 187, 196, 268, 295n67