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Index

absenteeism 179, 194–195, 204–214, 235, 242–260
See also voting with feet
accumulation regime 107–109, 321–323
agriculture
agricultural growth 125
agricultural work 199, 236
agricultural worker 96
agro-industrial complex 45, 50
agricultural policy 121
model farm 52, 57
industrial-agricultural relationship 125
market-oriented agriculture 109
rural household incomes 122
rural economy 120–122
rural ties 149, 198–206, 236
urban-rural relationship 125
village economy 120–122
See also peasants
accumulation regime 107–109, 323
Alliance of Free Labour Unions 293
Alliance of Istanbul Labour Unions 293
anthropology 23–25
anti-communism 277, 290–292, 309, 315, 322
See also arrest, labour anti-communism
arbitration
boards 101, 255, 303–304
Charter of Reconciliation and Arbitration of Labour Disputes 254
compulsory 12–13, 100–101, 254, 276, 302
High Board of Arbitration 255
archive
archival infrastructure 26
archival problems 27, 174, 236, 306
archive department of the factory 168
dark 27
factory archives 266
gendered silences of 27
Ottoman archives 54
arrest
of Ahmet Cansızoğlu 312–314
of communists 272, 282, 308–311
of Enver Tenşi 315
assembly line 15
authority
central industrial 249
central political 79, 119, 237, 244, 269, 274–275, 282
of engineers 193
of foremen 175–176, 187, 191, 195, 259
of factory directors 252
managerial 169, 244, 262, 270
of the Dadian family 49
of trade unions 304
of trade unionists 286, 290, 307
of worker representatives 304
on the shop floor 29
tariff 45
See also power
Bayar, Celal 16n42, 83–90, 99, 104, 113, 121, 135, 300
Beykoz
Leather and Shoe Factory 48, 66, 158, 169, 219
neighbourhood 49–51
Paper Factory 38, 43, 46
Burawoy, Michael 23n62, 156n6, 185
bureaucracy
bureaucratic reforms 38
bureaucratisation of employment 175, 180
bureaucrats 1, 26, 84, 87, 94, 103, 114, 162, 171, 226, 240–241, 296
centralisation of 45
factory 172–176, 191–193, 224, 233, 261–262, 322
industrial 13, 169, 233, 244, 326
military 74
Ottoman 61
state bureaucracy 21, 111
Business Bank 75, 84
Cansızoğlu, Ahmet 133n110, 182n66, 189n91, 264–268, 312–314
See also arrest ; communism
capital
circulations of 26
commercial 71, 79, 107
capital (cont.)equipment 89
flight 19
foreign 29, 73, 78–80, 92, 270, 285
goods 85, 89
industrial 77–78, 107, 166, 190
labour-capital conflict 68, 96, 99, 156, 273, 280
movements of 22
national 68, 71, 74, 125, 155, 275, 323
private 15–16, 42, 75, 81–83, 90, 98, 102–103, 147, 242–244, 321–324
the reign of 93
See also capital accumulation
capital accumulation
conditions of 71
general logic of 15, 322
levels of 23, 76
private 16, 76, 103
rounds of 107
sources of 15, 321–322
See also accumulation regime
care labour 204
Carta del Lavoro 98
‘ceremonial façade’ 14, 175, 224, 233, 288, 325
Cibali Tobacco Factory 141
See also tobacco
child labour
comparison with the Western European and American textile industries 179
difficulty of writing on 27
in textile 138–143, 179, 200–201
in tobacco 139–141
orphans 57
protection of 96–97
recruitment of 143, 175
children
living conditions of working-class 223, 231, 247
education of working-class 213, 299
women workers with 141, 162, 194
citizenship
political 5, 264–265, 315, 321
rights 270
working-class 12–16, 30, 173, 197, 211, 229, 266–269, 299
civil servants 41, 146, 156, 219, 227, 230, 286, 296
class conflict 12, 38, 95–99, 150, 238, 254, 283
class warfare 94, 300
coercion 156
Cohen, Robin 258–261
Cold War See war
collective bargaining
conditions of 12, 100–101, 255–256, 265–287, 317
inefficiency of 261, 303–304, 316, 323–325
ilo’s Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention 309
colonialism
Asian colonialism 6
colonised societies 240
dependency of the Ottoman economy 6
economic colonialism 5, 109, 121, 126, 322
industrial relations 11, 141, 323
post-colonial 81, 276
trade unions in colonial contexts 292
semi-colonial imperial economy 4, 37, 44
combined and uneven development
peripheral integration 149–150
regional economies 108–112, 122
regional inequalities 109
uneven geographical development 28, 107
uneven spatial development 25, 29, 108
Comintern 271–272
communism
accusation of 285, 299–302, 310–312
Communist Party of Turkey 271–272, 308
legal phase of 271–274, 277–283
People’s Communist Party of Turkey 272
persecution of 274–276, 284, 308, 312–314
Third International 272n20, 274n29
See also anti-communism ; labour anti-communism
workers’ commute 143, 216, 218, 220
commute 143, 216, 218, 220
compulsory arbitration See arbitration
Confederation of Progressive Trade Unions 291, 317
construction work 52, 202, 235
consumer goods 7, 47, 87, 122, 124, 264, 321
contract
European form of 101
individual employment 13, 96–97, 100–103, 304, 316, 325
terms of the 101, 267
contract (cont.)termination of 96, 202, 261, 303, 313
workers 25
control
‘frontier of control’ 269n9
‘logic of control’ 258–261
financial 14, 83, 168
foreign 4, 71, 112, 140
Muslim control over industrial enterprises 72
over women workers 177, 194–195
price control 8, 170
See also labour control ; worker control
convict labour See unfree labour
Cooper, Frederick 292n107
Dadians 28, 35, 45–59, 66
Deindustrialisation 6
Defterdar 13n30, 41n27, 99, 122, 148–149, 181, 201, 205, 219, 230, 276, 310
See also Feshane
Democrat Labour Party 307–308
Democrat Party 8, 104, 242, 283–285, 314–315
dependencia school 2, 87
Derviş, Suat 216
development policy 86–87
developmentalism 5, 322
Deymer, Şefik Hüsnü 272, 279–284, 309
See also Communist Party of Turkey
‘drive system’ 194, 322
See also foremen ; Jacoby, Sanford M.
economic crisis
Great Depression 2, 6, 62, 70–87, 97, 127, 150, 320
In Turkey in 1946 124
economic geography 6, 108
economic nationalism 5–6, 71, 80, 104, 124, 149, 320
education 110, 120, 138, 171, 192, 210–213, 227, 290–299, 316, 318
efficiency
administrative 167, 170
economic 319
effect of labour stability on 219
production 13, 113, 119, 157, 166–174, 189–190, 208, 322
See also work efficiency
Egypt 42–44, 81, 120
employers
contribution to social insurance 250
discourses 93–95
general 13–17, 26, 75, 92–104, 143–148, 156, 193–198, 243–255, 261, 275, 288–291, 303–322
private 209
state as 12, 243
employment
of foreign workers 57, 98
of women and juveniles 100
relations 13, 95, 101, 180, 304
rights 97
state employment service 102
See also contract, unemployment
Employment and Recruitment Agency 175, 232, 238
England
country 1, 47–52, 60
English imports 38, 54, 60, 64, 119, 125
English industrial experts 35
English machinery 47–48, 52, 57
English workers 58
See also Great Britain
engineers
mistreatment by 310
foreign 1, 44, 47, 51, 86n74, 99, 173–174, 183, 191, 211
local 125, 128, 164, 171–174, 187, 192, 197, 205, 248
protest by 193
tensions with workers 249–256
Ereğli Cloth Factory 121, 126, 134, 146n159, 175, 182, 186, 196, 273
ethnic aspects
ethnic composition of workforce 58, 139
ethnic conflicts 129, 273, 321
ethnic control 110n8
ethnic groups 79, 149
ethnic identities 22, 28, 140, 281, 310
ethnic minorities 66
ethnic stereotype 129
European Labour History Network 17n43
exhaustion
of railway workers 129
of textile workers 15, 190
of trade unionists 290
of women workers 141, 143
‘exit and voice’ 261
See also Albert O. Hirschman
external regulation of labour 28, 228–229, 236, 256, 262, 322
Eyüp 40, 46, 147–149, 218, 293, 313
See also Feshane Factory
factory consciousness 316, 325
females See girls ; women
Feshane Factory 40–43, 47, 55, 59, 66, 140–158
fines 194–197, 242, 251–261, 305–306
firings See layoffs
Ford, Henry 223
Fordism 207
foreign workers 57, 98
foremen
authority of 175–176, 182, 191–195, 236, 282
control over women workers 194
head foremen 171, 186, 190–202, 248, 257, 260, 293, 298, 306
fist of the 322
iron rule of the 14
See also ‘drive system’
‘frontier of control’ See control
gecekondu 216–224
gender aspects
in the labour market 108, 150
male authority over women workers 194
male-dominated hierachy
of archives 27
of Kemalist modernity 137–142
segregation at work 22, 28, 29, 177, 186
See also women
General Directorate of Military Factories 64
Germany
clearing agreement with 118–119
country 1, 13, 63, 82, 89, 118, 171, 177, 179, 229n5, 272
German foreman 42, 282
German experts 83–86, 118, 166–188, 216
German machines 48, 64, 118–119
German Marxism 272
See also Rationalisierung
Ginzburg, Carlo 26
girls
as workers 138–143, 177–184
education of 138
See also gender aspects ; women
Greece 1, 98, 125, 127, 140
Goodrich, Carter Lyman 269n9
Great Britain
Anglo- Ottoman Commercial Treaty of Balta Liman 44
Britain’s financial control of the Ottoman Empire 1
British film Things to Come 113
British industrial anthropology 23
British industrial experts 47, 48, 50, 89, 118, 146
British invasion of Istanbul 296
British Labour Party 300
British mission to Turkey 238
British traveller Julia Pardoe 40
See also England
Great Depression See economic crisis
handloomers or handweavers 133–135
Hereke Factory 45–49, 56–58, 66, 99, 123, 158, 219
hidden resistance 258
See also abseenteism; voting with feet
hierarchies
in labour-management relations 254
in labour control 191, 236
hiring See labour recruitment
Hirschman, Albert O. 261n80
See also ‘exit and voice’
historiography 10, 17–26, 105, 138n128, 208, 322, 325
Homeland Party 312–313
household
income 122
textile 214
housing
comparisons of Istanbul with European cities 216
lack of working-class 29, 108, 134, 199
problems in Istanbul 55, 146–149, 157, 204, 209, 216–223
squatter settlements 148, 217, 222
See also gecekondu
Hungarian industrial experts 148, 190
Ideologies See communism ; socialism
illiteracy 129, 195, 197, 246, 290
Imperial Privy Purse 45, 54–55
incentive wages See wage
Independence War See war
India
factories as temples of modern 11
Indian historiography 20–21
Make in India 19
state-led industrialisation in 81, 120
industrial accidents 196, 209, 238, 250
See also labour legislation
industrial bargaining
formal 178, 279n48
informal 262
through petitioning 228
Industrial Credit Bank 84, 90
industrial geography 28, 37, 45, 49, 68, 147
industrial modernity 7, 9, 66–67, 107–114, 120–126, 150, 155
Industrial Office 64, 84, 90
industrial site selection 29, 41, 88, 107–108, 114–120, 131, 145, 146n159, 150
industrial stoppages See work stoppages
industrial welfare 206–216, 223–227, 238–239
industrialisation
import-substitution 2–7, 87, 103, 319–325
late-late 5, 326
peripheral 5, 28, 320
rapid 9, 93, 112, 323
See also state-led industrialisation
infrastructure 15, 36–37, 61, 68, 103, 116, 131, 210, 222–223, 321
insurances
compensation 143, 239, 304
maternity 209, 238, 249–250
occupational health and work accidents 96, 209, 238, 247, 250, 300
old age 249, 284
retirement 209
social 102, 237–239, 247–250
state insurance scheme 209
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions 284, 292, 317
International Labour Organization 10, 94, 99, 135, 156, 180, 219, 225, 236–240, 249, 304
Italy
anti-capitalist struggle in the 1950s 279n50
industrialisation 82
labour code 9, 95, 98–99, 276, 323
May Day massacre in 1947 240
Italian workers in the Ottoman Empire 48
See also Carta del Lavoro
iron and steel 7, 89, 115, 118, 134, 171, 219, 300
See also Karabük
İnönü, İsmet 65, 83, 296, 313
Jacoby, Sanford M. 175n38, 194n109, 206n144, 218n189, 261n82
See also ‘drive system’
Japan 99
Jews
in Bakırköy 53
Ottoman 59, 92
young girl workers 138
Justice and Development Party 319
Karabük
Iron and Steel Factory 89, 115, 118, 128–129, 133–134, 219, 300
town 128
Kayseri
Cloth Factory 87, 106, 113–136, 142, 148, 155, 171, 186, 189–196, 201, 217–219, 281
town 45, 106, 113, 136
Kemal, Mustafa 3, 69n3, 73–93, 111, 116, 271–274
Kemal, Orhan 240n39, 268n7
Kemal, Yaşar 148n178
Kessler, Gerhard 130, 216–219, 241
Kıvılcımlı, Hikmet 4n7, 308–314
Kosova, Zehra 216, 314n167
Kurdish revolt of 1925 3, 75, 110n8, 274–275
labour anti-communism 292, 309, 315
labour control
inefficiency of 167, 191–196
gendered 142
over women workers
regime 16, 22, 157, 225, 321–322
scientific 14, 196, 209
strategies 29, 157, 166, 207
at the workplace level 17, 233, 269
labour discipline 191–195, 199, 239, 242
labour disturbance 271
labour efficiency See work efficiency
labour history
American 206
crisis of 18
global labour history 17–26
in Turkey 22n58, 105
labour instability 126–128, 147, 179
labour intensity See work intensification
labour legislation
Employer and Employee Unions and Union Alliances Act 283–287
Labour Code 9–16, 28, 69–71, 95–105, 179, 188, 203, 209, 238–239, 249–267, 275–305, 323
labour courts 304
labour protective legislation 102–105, 130, 290, 323
Law of Work Accidents, Occupational Diseases and Maternity 250
labour market
local 28–29, 108, 126, 131, 149–150, 176, 200
lack of regulation 232, 237
labour mobility 176, 180, 260
Labour Party of Turkey 314, 325
labour power
cost of 215–216
indeterminacy of 23, 176
state discourses to mobilise 17
labour press 12, 218, 279n48
labour process
managerial control over 258, 262
rationalisation of 195
theory 22–24, 157
worker control over 206, 266
labour productivity 183, 208–209
labour protest 270, 273, 309
labour recruitment 29, 108, 129
labour regime
emergence of a new 5, 16–17, 227–237, 241, 321–324
forced 130
labour relations 5, 20–30, 96–97, 175, 184, 254, 271, 322
labour reproduction 29, 108
labour retention 215, 224
labour scarcity 56, 133, 190
labour shortage 132–133, 145, 201, 224, 267
labour supply 8, 108, 118, 126–113, 146–150, 224, 283
labour turnover
of women workers 200
in Istanbul 147, 198–207
main factors influencing 134, 180, 198–207, 224
rates of 133, 176, 196–206, 211, 231–236
solutions for 214
historiography on 198–199
labour unrest 97–98, 105, 240, 271
Latin America
comparisons with 10, 36, 92
See alsodependencia school
laws See legislation ; labour legislation
layoffs 232
legislation
Associations Act 16, 101, 274–277, 286, 290, 303
Code of Obligations 100
Law for the Encouragement of Industry 76, 84, 102
Law for the Maintenance of Order 3, 75, 96, 274
National Defence Act 16, 100, 130, 183, 188, 267, 277
Penal Code 100–101, 130, 267, 276–277, 282
Public Health Law 97, 147
See also labour legislation
living conditions
in Istanbul 183, 219, 221
of state workers 29, 133, 142, 156, 199, 218, 224, 277
lock-out
banning of 95, 99–102, 254, 276
in Orhan Kemal’s story 268n7
‘logic of control and escape’ 258–262
Luxemburg, Rosa 1–2
malaria 54, 56, 61, 133–134
malnutrition 211
managers and management
managerial mentality 14, 196
managerial strategy 142, 268
managerial vision 12
of state factories 13–17, 26, 30, 35, 57, 102–103, 118, 166–175, 192, 199, 225–245, 261, 292, 322
marginalisation 19, 20
Marshall Plan 9, 124, 292, 311
martial law 96, 267–268, 282
Marx, Karl 4
See also Marxist
Marxist 23, 272, 278
mass production 76, 157, 167
maternity insurance See insurance
mechanisation 166, 197
memory 7, 10, 1, 22, 36–37, 59, 84, 92–93, 107, 322
Merinos Factory 116
micro-scale
micro-historical approach 228
micro-level study of industrial relations 14, 224
micro-politics 225
micro-scale of the workplace 17
Middle East and North Africa 36
migration
Balkan immigrants 148
chain 149
emigration 127
forced 128
from Greek islands 133
from the Middle East 318
migrant workers 129–133, 145, 200
rural-urban 127, 147–148, 219, 257, 266, 324
mines
mining industry 49, 50, 88, 89, 130, 293, 318
miners 130–132, 273, 300
See also Zonguldak
monopoly
rights 74–76
state monopoly administrations 43, 288
National Defence Act See legislation
Nazilli
Cloth Factory 115, 121–135, 175–189, 196–202, 219, 266–268
town 117
Near East 241, 292
neoliberalism 319–320
non-Muslim 41, 58, 71, 139, 273, 296, 321
nostalgia 65, 318–322
occupational diseases See insurance
overtime work 96, 100, 188–190, 243, 290
See also working day
Özkan, Mustafa Şeref 83–84, 99
patriotic labour 13–14, 224, 323
peasants 113n19, 121–113, 229, 272–278, 321, 324
See also agriculture
Peker, Recep 9n21, 69n2, 100
piece work-system
accord wages 189–190
of women workers 177
piece rate 183–188, 197–214, 221, 227, 267
piece work 135
planning
central 14, 89, 166–168
economic 80, 84, 167
development 119
five-year plan 1, 85–89, 104, 111, 115, 120, 167, 197, 323
planned industrialisation 11, 70, 108, 118, 126, 150, 320, 324
urban 115–116
Soviet planning 87
population
decline 126–127
exchange 140
growth 128, 136, 148, 220
policy 127
rural 120
Muslim 58, 71
urban 73, 110, 117, 121–128, 147, 238
populism 3, 10, 91–95
postimperial
anxieties 29
geographies 107
industrialisation 326
nation-building 3, 4, 11, 265
state discourses 28
Turkey 2, 149, 150
poverty
escaping 70, 106
of peasants 70, 229
of workers 180, 231–236, 243
in Istanbul 106
in Ottoman Empire 59
women in 142, 143
power
balance of 156
bargaining 178, 191, 279n48, 287–288
discretionary 191
on the shop floor 151, 307
See also labour power
property 56, 73, 221, 289, 318
private sector
enterprise 15, 54, 81–84, 324
factory 11, 61, 65, 103, 166, 181–189, 251n62, 260
industrialists 8, 15, 78, 103, 149
investment 15, 72, 82, 84, 146, 296, 324
privatisations 65, 263, 319, 320
production cost
efforts to bring down 158, 166, 188
high in Turkey 47, 58, 62, 99, 190
labour in 169, 179–190, 207–209
proletarianisation 198, 260
proletariat 12, 172, 307n155
protectionism 8, 11, 28, 45, 70, 79–80, 104, 321
public health See legislation
railway
foreign owned 74
nationalisation 83, 109
network 29, 51–53, 83n63, 88, 108–116, 129, 149, 221–230, 296
policy 108–116
strikes at Eastern Railway Company 100, 273
racial aspects 6, 22
See also ethnic aspects
rank-and-file 22, 264, 279n50, 290, 309
raw material
imports 60, 72, 77
lack of or insufficiency 43, 118, 177, 205, 232
local 7, 62, 69, 87, 119–121
proximity to 114
supply 2, 39, 169, 190
rational work 14, 155, 224
See rationalisation
rationalisation
administrative 45, 167
benefits of 14
of labour process 224
of industrial production 99, 157, 169, 173
Rationalisierung 13n30, 86n74, 188n83, 208
See also scientific management
Rationalisierung
See rationalisation
recruitment See labour recruitment
relations of production 10, 28, 111
relations in production 22
See also Michael Burawoy
reproduction See labour reproduction
resistance See labour resistance
Russia
See Soviet Union
salaries 182, 187, 290
scientific management
German 86n74, 188n83, 207–208
expansion of 157
in labour control 206
social security and 239
See also rationalisation ; Taylorism
single-party regime 75, 93, 241, 315, 319
skill
artisanal 127, 136
evaluation 177, 181, 186, 247–248
as a gendered category 177–178
shortage of 57, 177, 201, 206
skilled labour 7, 44, 57, 136, 177–179, 199
traditional 135
unskilled labour 176, 202
slaves 6, 52, 58, 126, 135, 299
See also unfree labour
social benefits 208, 299, 305
‘social factory’ 23
social provisions 29, 98, 157, 209–211
See also industrial welfare
socialism 3, 11, 14, 18, 20, 81, 156, 208, 213, 238, 271–285, 300–314, 325
Socialist Party of the Workers and Peasants of Turkey 278
Socialist Party of Turkey 278
Soviet Union
country 127, 271–274, 284
industrialisation 13, 155, 114
planning in 1, 70, 320
support from 85, 89, 297
tensions with 89, 283–284
space
national 106, 149
spatial organisation of capital 107
See also industrial site selection
spatiality
of development 28
industrial processes 108, 150
socio-spatial integration 149
state spatial strategies 108
squatter settlements See housing
State Industrial Office 84, 90
state-led industrialisation 3–4, 9–15, 28, 37, 62–71, 81, 92, 102–104, 107–119, 125, 141–150, 155–156, 166, 172, 208, 224, 241, 318–323
subversive ideologies 10, 277
See also communism
sugar
factories 294, 78, 115–122, 172
production 7, 75, 88
Subhi, Mustafa 271–272
See also communism
strikes
banning of 99–102
in the late Ottoman period 105, 271
in 1925 271–274
legalisation of 254
See also work stoppages
Tanzimat 41, 45, 59–62, 73
Taylorism 25, 207
technology
foreign 7, 28, 42, 50, 62
technical and technological gap 41–47
technological know-how 16
Tenşi, Enver 264–265, 281–282, 294–300, 302, 306, 314–316
This is the Novel of Things That Actually Happen 216
See also Suat Derviş
Thompson, E.P. 20n52, 21n56, 22n59, 226n1
tobacco
factories 62, 139, 141, 280
industry 75, 138, 296
Régie 139
warehouses 227
workers 227, 277
women 139, 141, 142, 216
See also Cibali Tobacco Factory
transnational history 21
trade unions
absence of 101, 230
Alliance of Trade Unions 280, 284
Association of Turkish Workers 279, 280
Bakırköy Textile Workers Trade Union 264, 281, 293–301
General Union of Workers 274
leaders 289–290, 300, 313–317
Society for the Advancement of Turkish Workers 96, 274–275
teksif 310
Türk-İş 285, 289
transient workers See women
Turkish Industry and Mining Bank 64, 75
‘Turkish Manchester’ 28, 33–35, 45, 49, 319
Turkish Workers and Peasants Party See Socialist Party of the Workers and Peasants of Turkey
underdevelopment 1–5, 14, 28, 70–73, 81, 87–92, 109–112, 124, 319
unemployment 97–98, 147, 205, 209, 231–232, 249, 257, 313, 319
See also layoffs
unfree labour
compulsory work 100, 218
convict labour 56, 130–131
forced labour 130–131
prison labour 40, 130
mükellefiyet 130
See also slaves
urban
planning 115–116
urban congestion 148
urbanisation 73, 107, 127–128, 145–146, 324
urbanism 116
van der Linden, Marcel 17n44, 18n47, 20n52, 20n53, 20n54, 199n125
violence
beating 194, 223, 257, 285, 294
murder 272, 311
physical 194
state 312
soundscape of 107
profanity 14, 194
vocational training 174, 181–183, 197, 207, 232, 248
voting with feet 206
See also labour turnover
wage
determination 13, 233, 247
incentive 197
policy 13, 29, 157, 172, 181, 198–201
real wages 8, 230
wage (cont.) See also piece work-system
war
Cold War 8, 265–266, 277, 283–284, 315, 321–322
Independence 10, 28, 92, 136, 271
effort 269
wartime exigencies 230
wartime fluctuations in production 232
World War i 1, 44, 59, 61, 63, 71–72, 126, 139, 171
World War ii 81, 103, 229, 292, 296, 314, 320
World War i See war
World War ii See war
working day 96, 98, 129–130, 141, 187–191, 230, 257, 267, 273, 291, 313
See also overtime
World Federation of Trade Unions 279
work efficiency 187, 211, 239
See also labour efficiency
work rhythm 239
See also work intensification
worker control 14, 209
See also labour control
worker representatives 24, 101, 170, 193, 255–256, 264–288, 303–307
Workers’ Insurance Institution 238, 250
work intensification 13–14, 190, 209, 224
work effort 14, 194, 218–223
women
in the archives 27
in the Ottoman Empire 56–59
in trade unions 105, 281–282
maternity 209, 238, 249–250
prison labour of 130
protective legislation for women 97, 100
workers 136–145, 162, 177–179, 194–195, 220, 257, 294
as transient workers 200–201
See also gender aspects
work accidents 96, 196, 209, 238–239, 249–257
See also industrial accidents
worker accommodation
See also housing
worker agency 13, 17, 26–28, 75, 150, 175, 232, 265, 323–325
work ethic 10
work stoppages 195–197, 267, 270
See also strikes
worker training
apprentice courses 197
factory school 66, 197
See also vocational training
worker militancy 17, 326
Workers’ Association of Turkey 272
workplace
bargaining 256, 261
grievance 228, 235, 263, 304, 325
level of analysis 13, 17–26, 207
rule-making 262
Workplaces: Pasts and Presents 17
Zonguldak 115, 128–132, 273, 281, 287n84, 293, 300
See also mining
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In the Shadow of War and Empire

Industrialisation, Nation-Building, and Working-Class Politics in Turkey

Series:  Studies in Global Social History, Volume: 52/4 and  Studies in the Social History of the Global South, Volume: 52/4
Cover In the Shadow of War and Empire
E-Book ISBN:
9789004687141
Publisher:
Brill
Print Publication Date:
09 Dec 2023

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