Index of Subjects
administration
3, 11, 47–48, 68–71, 79–80, 92, 94, 101, 107, 113, 127, 156, 164, 181–187, 195, 200, 203, 208–209, 215, 235, 292, 359, 371–373, 378, 382, 388–391, 400, 406, 412, 421, 427, 445–446, 453, 484, 517, 528
adoption (family)
213, 260, 316, 352, 356, 358–359
Akkadian (language)
25, 31, 42–44, 58, 61, 108, 114, 148, 151–152, 164, 243, 247–248, 254–255, 259, 276–279, 293, 309, 319, 325–331, 334, 381, 423, 461–462, 467, 470, 474, 515, 520
altar
72, 74, 431
ancestor, ancestors
75, 230, 235, 277, 313, 336, 352, 363, 437, 440, 451, 473–474, 476
andurāru(m)
336, 339, 341–342, 347
animal
95, 144, 252, 437, 457
bird
73, 438, 487–491, 530
bull
73–74, 144–147, 437, 453, 476, 501
butchering
457
cattle
172, 252, 284–383
deer, stag
94, 217, 453, 470, 471
eagle
435–438, 442, 446–447
faunal remains, palaeozoology
457, 529
fish, fishing
457–458
herding
457
horse
437
hunting
458
oxen
337–338
sheep, goats
172, 252, 284–383, 441–442, 457
ankh
218, 220, 231
annals, annalistic texts
41–45, 73, 129, 133–134, 140–145, 148–157, 162–166, 170–174, 294, 318–320, 324, 364, 384, 401–402, 411, 486–487, 490–491, 517
annexation
47, 52, 201, 322–325, 364–368, 371–375, 452, 461, 503, 513, 522–527
anointment
423, 437–439
appointment (to rule, to position)
113, 156, 166–167, 366, 379–381, 386–390, 395, 399–404, 420, 484, 513, 524
investiture
380, 387, 395–396, 402–404
architecture
18, 83, 90–93, 126, 188–190, 194, 209, 299–303, 306, 311, 374, 452–457, 477, 478, 516, 529
bridge
9, 100, 365
casemate walls
300, 374
defensive a.
83n, 93, 300–301, 516
fortifications, walls
51, 82–83, 92, 209, 252, 273, 300–306, 341, 374, 410, 457–477
monument
53, 69–75, 138, 305, 373, 408, 421, 431–433, 451–454, 480, 528
monumental a.
18, 92, 94, 139, 216, 299, 301–307, 311, 374, 389, 424, 433, 450–451, 477, 527
archive, archives
62, 64, 87, 108, 113–114, 117, 189, 244–249, 261, 268, 284, 286, 313, 327, 353, 411, 432, 443–444, 469, 473, 493, 495, 508, 511, 513, 519–520, 528
aridification
88
army, armies
73, 76, 129–134, 141–144, 152, 164, 322, 393, 396–398, 410–413, 422, 517, 527
art
191, 459, 479–480
assemblage (material, ceramic)
18, 83, 89–91, 190, 193–195, 199–200, 215, 245, 299, 300–301, 375, 452, 457
autobiography, autobiographic
23, 63, 180, 293, 411–418, 425, 427
autonomy, autonomous
47, 52, 84, 298, 354, 369, 371, 390
bilingualism
36, 40, 107, 117, 122, 467, 502, 508
birth
223, 360, 362, 421–425, 495, 500
blessing
144, 167, 417, 438–439, 442, 482
blood, bloodshed
169, 392, 500, 504, 512n
booty, sack, spoils
16, 19, 142, 149–152, 157, 172, 196, 200, 250, 339
border, boundary, frontier
9–10, 34, 48–55, 62, 66–70, 74–79, 98, 112, 128, 142, 145, 162, 165–168, 172–174, 199, 207, 241, 251–252, 258–260, 274, 284, 288, 294–298, 314, 327, 339–341, 365–371, 388–394, 398, 402, 408–410, 431, 459, 506, 515–516, 521, 525
bread
284, 437, 439–443
bureaucracy
187, 300
burial, grave, tomb, cemetery
83, 86, 209, 306–307, 339, 405
incineration, cremation
306–307
funerary (structure, offers)
104, 305–306, 359, 428, 452
calque (linguistics)
120, 335, 395n, 474, 503
Carian (language)
32
ceremony, ceremonies
54, 381–385, 402, 423, 433, 438–439, 442, 484, 527
Chalcolithic
47, 82–83
chancellery, chancery
116, 118, 176, 181, 248, 254, 279, 290, 300, 461
child(ren), childhood
356, 359–363, 400, 414–417, 421–422, 481, 485
chronicle
33, 171
chronology, dating
4, 7, 12–19, 25, 90, 115, 118, 123–124, 139, 148–150, 181, 186–200, 206, 214–218, 242, 267, 280, 295, 315, 366, 373–374, 423, 432–433, 455, 477–480, 514, 519
astronomical (dating)
13–14, 19
dendrochronology
13, 15
periodization
18, 23, 70, 189, 191, 194, 452
radiocarbon (dating)
15, 18, 20, 198, 139, 195, 198, 201, 301, 305
synchronism
13, 15, 20, 269, 289, 368, 393, 521
city-state(s)
41, 102, 103
clan
321, 356–358, 417
clay
58, 215, 248, 267, 269, 338, 449, 457
cleft, cave, crevice
477, 480, 303
cliff, outcrop
75, 303, 407, 450, 528
climate
11, 136, 249, 298, 355, 468
colony, colonization
90, 97, 109, 123, 190
communication (routes, paths)
52, 80, 106, 136–139, 145, 202, 311, 460, 516
contract, stipulation
3, 103, 139, 237–238, 248, 252, 261, 274, 288–292, 296–298, 310, 314, 324, 327, 331–332, 336, 340–341, 422, 472, 518, 521–522
coregency, co-regent
317, 350, 357, 364–365, 524
(royal) couple
232–233, 317, 351–352, 356, 359, 383, 416–418, 427–429, 481–484
(royal) court
113, 321, 339, 348, 355, 359–361, 366, 378, 382, 401, 421–427, 437, 442, 451, 462, 481–483, 502–503, 524–525
cretula, bulla
94, 103, 176, 181–182, 205, 209–211, 224, 301, 312, 430, 453
cult, worship
11, 53, 63–65, 75, 108, 111–114, 208, 281–282, 303, 322, 359, 364–369, 378–380, 384–385, 390, 400, 406–410, 416, 427, 430–433, 438, 440, 444, 453–454, 463, 469–477, 480–490, 493, 497–501, 505, 512–513, 525–528
c. of the dead, ancestors
407n, 409n, 437
foreign c.
113, 355, 463, 493–494, 498, 505
Ḫalabite c. (tradition)
390, 410, 463, 470, 477, 520
cupules, cup marks
75, 303
curse
53, 213, 231–232, 278, 327
damnatio memoriae
305, 361
daughter
72–75, 158, 317, 349, 355–359, 362, 366, 391, 414–423, 426, 429–431, 527
decree, deliberation, regulation
164, 292, 314, 334, 339–341, 347, 359, 368, 386–388, 404, 427–429, 448, 484, 522
dedication (offer)
72, 149, 151, 229, 282, 324, 410
deed, deeds
142, 149, 152, 155, 383, 384, 391–392, 395–396, 474, 517
defection
175, 208, 344
destruction
15–16, 19, 22, 92, 131, 134, 139–142, 149, 151–152, 157–158, 195–197, 201, 301, 305, 374, 451, 455, 492
dialect, dialectal
115–123, 461, 465, 496, 503–507
diplomacy
5, 31, 46, 63, 80, 118, 174–176, 200–206, 235–243, 247–254, 259, 275–279, 288–289, 295–298, 309–312, 322–324, 331–350, 353–355, 366, 371–373, 378, 382, 393, 404, 421, 425–426, 461–462, 469, 506, 518–523, 526
donation
281–285, 472, 513
dream
414, 416, 427, 431
drought
88
earthquake
92, 195
economy
3, 10, 83, 86–87, 92, 97, 103, 127, 180, 187, 195, 200, 249, 307, 372–373, 378, 446, 452, 458
edict
34, 59, 62, 129, 145, 148, 156, 164–165, 170, 173–176, 203–208, 228, 277, 292, 311, 341, 346, 389, 398, 405, 413–416, 428, 466, 515–516
education
378
environment
5, 11, 47, 102, 135, 136
estate
181, 188, 284, 431
ethnic, ethnicity
29, 36, 107, 459–460, 468, 507
exile
228, 395n
expansionism
123–124, 204, 323, 517
exports, exporting
87, 97, 187
festival
3, 54, 59–63, 117, 162–163, 167, 247, 380, 385, 397, 401–402, 432–444, 469–477, 481–484, 487–489, 495–500, 513, 527–528
AN.TAḪ.ŠUM festival
163
(ḫ)isuwa- (festival)
162, 432–437, 440, 443, 477, 499, 528
f. of the Vow of Kantuzili
385
f. of the Storm god of Manuziya
285n
fiction, fictional (texts, literature)
38–39, 58, 129, 145, 147, 149n, 293, 336, 424
figurine
104, 437, 442, 453
fire
19, 37, 92, 152, 302, 437, 451
foreign, foreigner
35, 45, 97, 105, 113, 251–252, 291–292, 297, 323–324, 339, 350, 354–355, 370, 378, 382, 402, 412, 417–419, 425, 431, 463, 493–495, 498, 505, 526
formulaic, formulary
166–170, 174, 207, 229, 337, 440, 517, 519
augural (formulae)
220–221, 226, 491
fugitive
251, 262–265, 288–289, 295–298
GAL MEŠEDI
73, 322, 387, 413
geography
1–7, 27–29, 46–48, 54–55, 64, 76–83, 97, 126–131, 135, 139, 148, 155, 162, 166, 172, 208, 294–295, 441, 455, 514, 517
gift
35, 309, 354, 382, 423, 446, 447
god, gods
31, 53, 60–62, 72–74, 108, 113, 144–147, 152, 158, 169, 175, 210, 217, 221–223, 226–229, 239, 258, 278–286, 289–290, 327, 360, 363, 366–371, 378–392, 396–397, 402–411, 415–420, 435–443, 463, 469–479, 482–487, 490–495, 499–501, 504–505, 508, 512–513, 525, 530
astral g.
474–476
avatar, hypostasis
31, 410, 439, 472–476, 486–490, 493, 512
kaluti- (divine lists)
440, 475–479
Netherworld gods
474–476
goddess, goddesses
72–75, 113, 147, 349, 364, 368, 382, 401, 409, 415–420, 427, 430–431, 438, 440, 470–473, 476, 485–488, 493
governor
47, 156, 166, 176, 382, 365, 400, 413, 445, 528
Greek (language), Greeks
8, 36, 42–43, 97, 136, 455–456, 459, 471, 530
hapax
41, 44, 51n, 172–173, 427n, 506, 524n
Hattian (language)
228
harem
353–354
health
415, 417, 426, 431
heir
188, 305, 317, 321, 356–357, 361–362, 380, 387, 391–392, 399, 413, 417, 429
ḫekur
305, 368, 389, 454
Hellenistic (period)
63, 65, 418n, 471
hero
73, 316–317, 333, 364, 400, 429, 468, 473
ḫilani
195, 302–303
holy, sacred (city, place)
53, 59, 62–66, 79, 241, 366, 379, 407–408, 514
horn
144, 146
hospitality, guest
251–252, 343
house, household
47, 69, 173, 180, 209, 223, 230, 267, 280, 282, 305, 309–310, 349, 352–355, 359, 363, 401, 405, 416, 421, 427, 432, 437–442, 464, 468, 481, 485–486
Hurrian (language)
1, 5, 23, 31–33, 57, 61, 64–65, 105–127, 142, 150–151, 157, 162, 172, 176, 188, 227–229, 260, 291, 298, 321–322, 332, 337, 342, 348–349, 355, 360–369, 375, 378, 381–382, 392, 397, 431, 435–437, 440–441, 444, 460–476, 481–487, 491, 495–513, 518–521, 525–526, 530
ḫurli (Hurrian), ḫurlili (in Hurrian)
155, 163, 436
hurrianization
106–108, 112–114, 125–127, 321, 348, 433, 462, 467, 481–483, 497–499, 504–505, 520
ḫuwaši (-stone, stele)
281–282, 490
hymn
113, 368, 371
ḫalzoġli- (Hurr.)
382
iconography
72, 75, 95, 104, 408, 454
identity, identities
27–29, 36–37, 107, 158, 183, 186, 253, 284–285, 315, 378, 412, 430, 450, 459–460, 471–475, 507, 527
ideology, ideological
10, 72, 75, 129, 154–157, 168, 174, 236–242, 337, 351–352, 380, 418, 462, 515–517
illness
400–403, 426, 431
imperialism, imperialistic
125, 136, 191, 199, 201, 236, 245, 292, 301, 323, 371–373, 400, 412, 451–452, 524, 528–529
import, importation
94, 103–105, 111, 116, 137, 301, 378, 444, 456, 461, 469, 477, 480–483, 487, 493, 502–503, 513
incantation, spell
105, 108, 113, 117–124, 217, 228, 442, 472–474, 482, 491, 496, 503–504, 508, 520
Indo-Aryan (language)
259, 260, 364, 464, 467–469
Indo-European (language)
31, 86, 105, 119, 462–463, 468
industry, industrial
194, 303, 307, 310, 371, 446, 452
infrastructure
101, 138, 200, 457, 458
inscription, inscribed
32–37, 40, 70–75, 103–104, 113–115, 119, 148, 168, 176, 205, 208, 212–236, 293–297, 301, 305, 324, 350, 358, 389, 399–400, 408–411, 424, 429–430, 449–451, 454, 501, 514, 522, 528–529
inundation, flood
70, 92
itinerary
34, 54, 68, 71, 75, 80, 99, 129–143, 173
ivory
100, 103
kingship
229n, 236n, 354n, 379–380, 389–390, 399, 403, 406, 414, 419, 420, 427, 444, 483, 513
‘Great Kingship”
235–240
kurewana-, kuerwana- (Hitt.)
47, 368–371
landscape
7, 67–72, 81, 86, 127, 135–138, 208, 294, 303, 373, 407, 476, 487, 524, 529
lapis-lazuli
100, 103
law
25, 147, 165, 167, 292, 359, 392
judgement, judicial, verdict
109, 313, 390, 405–406, 417, 428–429, 479
jurisdiction, juridical
187, 297, 369–371
legal, legally
313, 331, 404, 406, 413
trial
427
witness
278–279, 472
legend, legendary
142, 145, 158, 213, 364, 517
legitimacy
164, 332, 342, 350–352, 357–359, 361, 418, 518
letter, epistulary
32, 36–38, 42–44, 47, 58–61, 69–70, 109, 114–118, 139, 146, 154–156, 236, 280–281, 307–310, 354, 361, 381–386, 405–406, 420–428, 430, 445, 525, 528–530
loanword
105, 118, 121–122, 495, 498–499, 503–504, 507
love
416–418
Luwian (language), Luwians
4, 23, 31–34, 45, 65, 71, 74, 85, 105–107, 111, 118–127, 187, 212–216, 235, 389–390, 410, 433, 435, 444, 450, 454, 461–472, 479, 495–510, 520–521, 528
hieroglyphic L.
32, 40, 70–74, 119, 176, 186, 212–235, 283n, 301, 351, 389–390, 433, 450, 454–456, 479, 528
luxury
102, 194, 309
magic
114, 360, 346, 485
marriage, wedding
158, 315–321, 347–356, 361, 375, 382, 400, 415–427
divorce
429
dowry
423, 426
in-laws
165, 167
interdynastic m.
353–355, 360, 375, 420, 422, 425
hypergamy, hypogamy
355
matchmaker
425
merchant, trader
(
trade
)
87, 97–103, 109–110, 128, 139
messenger
339, 345–346, 382, 423
metal, metallurgy, metalwork
42, 84–87, 101–103, 137, 209, 269, 303, 307–309, 354, 446–449, 453, 528
alloy
448
atelier (metallurgy)
303, 307
bronze
52, 60, 63, 162, 193n, 268, 448, 453, 472
copper
101, 307–308, 446–449, 528
gold, golden
87, 101, 149, 152, 215, 282, 308, 398, 435, 438, 453
ingot
42, 307, 446, 449
iron
34–41, 44, 65, 103, 137, 303, 307–310, 399, 408, 437, 451–457, 471, 505, 528–530
lead
101, 314n, 449
mine, mining
86–87, 446–449
ore
307–308
silver
87, 97, 101, 109, 152, 268, 282, 307–308, 412, 427, 430–431, 443
smelting
308–309
steel
308n-309
tin
97, 101, 154, 307, 446–449, 528
metaphor
143, 146, 168, 337
metrology (standards)
100–102
migration
43, 85, 123–125, 307, 455
military
battle
38, 65, 145, 151, 159, 350, 365, 397, 406, 410–413, 486–489, 527
naval battle
452
m. campaign, expedition
37, 45, 57, 69, 83, 129–134, 138–144, 148–157, 162, 165–169, 174, 190, 199–205, 258, 295, 298, 312, 318, 323–324, 339, 357, 365–367, 386–395, 399–401, 411, 440, 451, 462, 487–492, 515–519, 523, 530
chariot
73, 263–267, 329, 397, 411–414, 449
m. coalition
142, 151, 163, 203
encirclement
150, 170, 368
infantries
256, 263–264, 267, 383, 397, 413
invasion
11, 57, 68, 150–151, 172, 293, 339, 524–525
mercenary
77, 364
siege, to besiege
58, 129, 150, 398
mother
361, 401, 426, 429
mountain, peak, m. range
27, 32, 49–52, 59, 66–76, 84, 87, 106, 130–147, 153, 170, 180–182, 279–282, 294, 305, 321, 372, 397, 407–408, 437, 440–444, 449, 466, 470, 476–477, 521, 528
oronym
180, 182
sacred m.
321, 510
multilingualism, multilingual
107, 118, 122, 462
murder, assassination
17, 164, 169, 228, 278, 232, 320, 322, 391–392, 398
mythology, myth, mythical
117, 145–146, 158, 229, 281, 474–475, 481, 483, 508, 530
nobles, nobility, elites
71, 85–86, 101, 111, 126, 180, 251, 276–278, 345, 320–321, 347–365, 375, 378, 391–392, 417, 444, 461–463, 468–469, 481–483, 525–528
oath
53, 76–77, 256–258, 263–265, 272–279, 286, 289–292, 297–298, 330–332, 342, 521–522
oath swearing
76, 258, 268, 276, 286, 289–292, 297, 333, 396, 522
offer, offering
54, 68, 72–74, 113, 163, 241, 277–278, 284, 352, 432, 416, 437–444, 471, 475, 483, 487–489, 501, 529
office, officier, official (role)
47, 113, 234, 282, 320, 346, 366, 379–382, 412, 421, 445
onomastics
65, 87, 107–108, 115–116, 223–229, 260, 321, 349, 360–363, 375, 460, 435, 461–471, 481, 525–526, 530
oracle, omen, divination
63, 113–114, 281, 405, 481, 487–492, 530
augury (bird oracles)
481, 491, 530
orally, orality
495
overlord, overlordship
289–298, 336, 342–343, 388, 522
pact
271, 340–341, 347, 521
palace, palatial
15, 19, 33, 37, 64, 81, 92, 103, 108, 126, 139, 171, 302–303, 309, 313, 354, 366, 385, 442, 447, 466, 477, 486
paleography
23–26, 33, 58, 149, 159, 212–213, 241–245, 260, 269, 277–278, 280–281, 293, 319, 384, 446, 487, 490, 495, 499
Assyro-Mittanian (ductus)
247, 278
ductus (cuneiform)
58, 243, 247–248, 260, 262, 278, 363, 461, 486
script
24, 25, 119, 212–216, 219–220, 229–230, 234–235, 248, 278, 319, 351, 433, 479, 483, 495
pantheon, panthea
113, 163, 410, 433, 461, 469–477, 480, 487, 495–499, 500, 504, 520, 527
parity, paritarian
33, 202, 238–239, 249, 260–261, 276, 296, 310–311, 329, 331, 336–338, 340, 344, 347, 518–523
patron, patronage
145, 229, 284, 410, 470–472, 481, 484, 493, 513
peace
181, 238, 258, 295–397, 407, 410, 423, 439
pharaoh
35, 239, 353–354, 398, 423–424, 523
Phoenician (language)
36, 46
piracy, pirate
43n, 432
plague
391–392, 500
port, harbor
52, 99, 137, 195, 301
pottery, ceramic
18–19, 71, 83–91, 94, 104, 125, 176, 186–203, 299–301, 311–312, 371–375, 452–457, 516, 524, 529
Aegean p.
13n, 455–456
beak-spouted jug
19n, 299
bichrome p.
91, 301
cups
62n, 443
Cypriot p.
85, 91, 194–195, 299, 301, 373, 457
‘Drab ware’
371, 373, 452, 524
Helladic, Mycenaean p.
43n, 176, 186n, 455–456, 529
imports
85, 91, 104, 194, 299, 312, 372–373, 454–457, 483
jug, juglet
299, 372
mass-produced p.
372
miniature vessels
19n, 208n, 372, 454
North-Central Anatolian (p. style, types)
90, 125, 189, 191, 203, 299, 301, 311, 371–373
painted p.
71, 88–91, 193–195, 199–201, 312, 454–455, 529
polished p., surfaces
299, 312, 373
polychrome p.
454
potter’s marks, potmarks
208n, 454, 457
Red Lustrous Wheel made ware (RLW-m)
91, 137, 194, 299, 301, 312, 372, 452, 454
spindle bottles
19n, 71, 372, 454
Syro-Cilician (/Amuq-Cilician, Cilician painted) p.
88–91, 104, 193, 200–201, 477
‘sub-Hittite’ p.
457
‘Syrian’ bottles
100, 102
zoomorphic vessels
453
prayer
60, 62, 117, 363, 366–370, 382–385, 392, 401–402, 406–409, 417–420, 431–432, 481–484, 497, 524–525
invocation
117, 121, 381, 401–402, 409, 432, 482, 488
prehistory, prehistoric
82, 106, 121, 477
priest
20, 47, 69, 232, 246–247, 277, 282–284, 363, 366, 379, 380–400, 404–405, 415–418, 438–445, 482–484, 500, 509–513, 524–527
‘Priest-king’
405, 438, 442, 444
purapši-p.
246–247, 509–510, 512
priestess
64, 75, 282283, 391, 415, 420, 430–431, 527
entu-p.
282–283
priesthood
380–381, 388–391, 395, 399–400, 405, 415, 427, 431
prince
73–74, 278, 362–363, 378–382, 388, 392, 395, 400, 408, 413–418, 425, 429, 439, 450–451, 528
princess
315, 321, 347, 350, 353–356, 361–362, 378, 395, 421–425
prisoner
332, 392
prologue (composition)
164, 285, 326, 327, 331–333, 337–344
propaganda,, propagandistic
142, 155, 237, 331, 336, 342, 349, 355, 422, 518
prosopography, prosopographic
143, 181, 271
protectorate
47, 156, 369
queen
64, 72–75, 158, 176, 232–233, 316, 317, 348–61, 375, 378, 382, 388, 391, 400–401, 409, 414–434, 439–440, 453, 479, 481–485, 526–527
queenship
420, 483
rebellion, revolt, rebel
130, 169–170, 175–176, 251, 264–265, 344, 339, 393, 401, 515
recitations (rituals, prayers)
167, 381, 436–439, 482–483, 488, 496–501
refugee, refuge
332, 426, 521
religion, religious
1–5, 9–11, 31, 49, 59, 63–66, 105, 108–114, 117, 122, 125–127, 145, 282–284, 303, 306, 323, 347–351, 363–364, 375–385, 390–391, 398, 400, 406–408, 420, 430–432, 444–445, 459–463, 469, 477–484, 493–498, 502–504, 509, 513, 519–521, 525–528
rite
247, 408, 432–444, 483, 500–504, 508, 512–513
allašši-r. (‘queenship’)
483
ambašši-r.
437–439, 440, 501
beating r.
438, 442–443
drinking r.
437–438, 443
Kampfspiel (ritual fight)
438
keldi- r.
437, 438–440, 442, 501
kissing r.
443
libation
75, 247, 372, 437, 438
procession
73, 433–437, 441, 444, 477, 479
šarrašši- r. (‘kingship’)
483
syncretism
419, 431
theology
145, 229, 419–420, 431, 470
washing r.
437–439, 482n, 512
ritual
1–5, 55, 62–63, 69, 105, 111–124, 163, 229, 246–247, 269, 318–319, 350, 360, 372, 378–382, 409, 423, 436–444, 454, 460–462, 469–476, 481–488, 493–513, 520–525
azuri-r.
500
babilili r.
474
birth r.
30n, 493n, 495, 500
enthronement r.
483
evocation r.
409, 488, 500–501
itkaḫi r.
481–482
itkalzi r.
117, 481
purification r.
229, 439, 474, 481–482, 485, 500, 504n
r. performance
3, 247, 360, 382, 432, 436, 439, 402n, 405n, 407, 442, 444, 482, 509, 512
r. prescription
508–509, 513
r. series
481, 482n, 497n
r. substitute
501
therapeutic r.
481, 500
ritual expert, officiant, specialist
113–116, 350, 436, 440, 460, 463, 469, 472, 494–504, 509–511, 520–521, 525, 530
river
27, 51–53, 65–68, 72, 79, 88, 92, 135, 138–142, 147, 152–153, 158, 172–173, 279, 281, 303, 305, 398, 437–438, 442–444, 450, 470, 476, 506, 528
r. outlet
49, 52, 99, 137, 372
road, route, pathway
19, 56, 68, 71–72, 75, 80, 98–104, 129–143, 154, 172, 203, 405, 415, 456, 516–517, 530
road-marker
139
sanctuary, shrine
303, 306, 368, 407–408, 410, 415, 420, 431, 433, 477–478, 480, 501, 527
šinapši-building, sanctuary
407–409
Sanskrit (language)
464
scribe, scribal circles
53, 61–62, 73, 78, 104–105, 109, 114, 149, 184–185, 217, 223–224, 247, 327, 341, 369, 389, 430–435, 440, 443, 467–469, 481, 484, 494–495, 498, 502–513
sea
36–38, 49–52, 85, 92, 99, 128, 137, 141, 144–147, 150, 158–159, 165–170, 174, 279, 412, 432, 456–458, 516
coast
49, 88, 101–103, 141, 159, 166, 393, 455, 529–530
seashells
92
seal, seal impression, glyptic
3, 19, 33, 69, 71, 75, 94–95, 100, 103, 173, 180–187, 201, 205, 208–238, 243, 253, 262, 267–269, 271, 288, 299–301, 309–313, 317–322, 327, 341, 350–352, 358–363, 385, 395, 404, 408, 422, 427–430, 449–450, 453–454, 463, 467, 491, 514, 518, 524
biconvex s.
453–454
cylinder s.
94, 100, 103, 212–213, 229, 299n
‘Cruciform’ s.
317, 322, 352, 363
digraphic s.
220–222, 228, 230–235, 351
stamp s.
71, 94, 205, 209, 212, 227, 288, 427, 454
‘seal house’
309–310
sealed tablets
(
see tablet
)
signet ring
215, 454
seeds
139, 198, 374
Semitic (language group)
32n, 87, 108n, 111, 509, 511
ship, boat
309, 381, 398, 428, 458
shipwreck
428n, 449
silo
218
sociolinguistics
5, 81, 108, 122, 126, 460–461, 505–506
soldier
76–77, 392, 412, 438
sculpture, reliefs (stone)
54, 71–75, 95, 137, 139, 305, 408–410, 421, 430, 443, 450–451, 477–479, 480, 527–528
re-carving (seals, stone sculpture)
75, 221, 479
relief panel
72, 74–75, 227, 430, 477
statue, statuette
95, 104, 149, 153, 236, 282, 293, 295–298, 431, 437–441, 453, 487, 500, 512, 522
stele
70, 95, 282, 407, 424, 490, 529, 530
storage, storehouse
69, 186, 188, 209, 245, 261, 267, 309–310, 313
story
144, 158–159, 332, 367, 384, 418–421
stratigraphy
7–8, 14, 18, 89–90, 137, 188–199, 209, 244, 300–301, 374, 477, 480
Sumerian (language)
103, 471, 474n, 475
survey (archaeology)
66n, 70, 135, 305
swamp, marsh
135
syllabary
35, 214–218, 226, 301
tablet
t. catalog
245–247, 261, 341n, 381, 467n, 509–510, 513, 519
t. colophon
149, 152, 183–184, 380, 382, 432–434, 440, 443–444, 495, 512
t. draft
254, 290, 329, 331, 354, 508–509
kurta-tablet
495
land grant
25, 148, 176–188, 212, 232, 241, 254, 268–271
t. library
244, 246, 268
prism
104, 268
sealed tablets
176–188, 229, 245, 268–269, 286–293, 313–315, 404–428
temple
18, 94, 149, 191, 209, 224, 243–245, 254, 261–262, 281–284, 299, 305–307, 326, 374, 389–390, 408,-411, 424, 432, 437–441, 452–453, 463, 473, 476–480, 484, 490–491, 501, 510–513
terracotta
104, 454
textiles, clothing
94, 97, 160, 408
purple dye
303
throne
164, 169, 254, 260, 297, 305, 317, 320–322, 339, 350–357, 361–362, 365, 380, 391–392, 398, 403, 413, 437, 483, 523
titulary, titulature
72–75, 151, 349, 390, 429–431, 449, 519
trade, commerce, market
29, 47, 56, 71, 80–88, 95–105, 109–112, 126–128, 133, 136–137, 142, 154–155, 201–202, 301, 312, 448–449, 456, 465, 515–517, 530
brokerage
99, 101
karūm (trade settlement)
15, 56, 82, 97, 109–110, 119, 128, 465
long-distance (trade, contacts)
85, 87, 97, 101–103, 126, 515
maritime (trade, contacts)
45, 52, 85, 101–103, 146, 195, 516
monopoly
98–100, 127, 309
t. network
29, 47, 71, 76, 80, 82, 85, 88, 95–104, 110, 126–127, 154, 155, 201, 515–516
protectionism
98
smuggling
56
translation (ancient)
25, 145n, 148, 254, 290n, 481, 502–503, 513
transport, transportation
135, 187, 310, 487–489
travel, travelling
74, 64, 98, 130–139, 158–159, 367, 517, 527
tree
73, 435, 419, 442
cedar
390, 409, 419, 500–501
fir (Abies cilicica)
87
wood, wooden, timber
87, 198, 501
tribute, taxation, levy
251, 283, 307, 347, 355, 357, 359, 369, 415, 430, 446–449, 528
lútuḫkanti
362, 383
usurpation, usurper
164, 169, 254, 320–321, 339, 361, 418
vassal, vassallage
48, 156, 249, 292, 334–336, 369–370, 379, 386, 388, 394, 405, 412, 425, 428
Vedic (language)
464
viceroy, viceroyaume, appanage kingdom
48, 71, 379, 386, 390, 400, 405, 486
vow, votive
226, 385, 406, 417, 431–432, 512
war, warfare
58, 130–134, 142, 154, 157, 294, 324, 330, 334, 363–364, 386, 395–403, 410–411, 415, 427, 436–438, 442–444, , 470–471, 476, 486–487, 517–518
warrior
73, 450, 454
weapon
209, 307, 449
axe
102n, 104, 193n
bow
73–74, 450, 451n, 454
dagger
309
spear, lance
73, 450, 454
sword
74, 324
weight (object)
94, 100–103, 308, 446–449, 453
w. systems, standards
94, 100n, 101, 102
‘eagle’ w.
437, 446
‘stone’ w.
446n
wine
437, 439–443
woman
180, 252, 282, 315, 348, 353–355, 360, 500, 508
writing
8, 23–25, 35–36, 41, 44, 53, 126–128, 149, 186, 212–222, 228–230, 234, 247, 254, 341, 344, 413, 422, 430, 453, 461