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This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder.
Cover illustration: The Jazzār Mosque in the early 1920s after the library had undergone a significant revival, photo by Ludwig Preiss, public domain, accessed at
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Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download:
ISSN 0929-2403
ISBN 978-90-04-72053-4 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-72052-7 (e-book)
DOI 10.1163/9789004720527
Copyright 2025 by Koninklijke Brill BV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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