Index
acceptance
2–5, 9, 30, 36–40, 43–45, 56, 67, 73, 95, 102, 108, 115–17, 123, 125, 128–30, 134–40, 143–44, 147, 149, 153, 157–64, 178–79, 197, 200, 212, 219,
acknowledge
,
recognition
acknowledge
5, 9, 30, 55, 71–72, 95, 105, 134–35, 139–41, 144, 148–49, 197, 203,
acceptance
,
recognition
Adams, John Couch
96–97, 117
Anthropocene
175, 180–82
antimatter
103, 105
anti-realism
3, 67–68, 75–78, 85, 87–91
archaeology
38, 72, 196
Archimedes
31–33, 81, 85
Aristotle
4, 121–23, 128–29
astronomy
12–13, 24, 38, 46, 55, 70, 95, 101–2, 113, 134–35, 180
Bacon, Francis
10, 14–17, 19
beetle species
121, 130
Big Bang
179
biology VII
, 1, 4–5, 19, 29–30, 37–38, 44, 57–58, 99–100, 121–33, 135–41, 146, 170, 174, 192, 198, 202
black hole
62, 68, 112–13, 118
Bouvard, Alexis
97–98, 101, 113, 118
Brilliant Blunders
2, 8, 49, 55–59
bullshit
7–8, 217–31
classes
17, 43, 56–57, 62, 66, 69–70, 83, 100, 103, 115, 124–25
classifier languages
141, 144–46
climate change
5–6, 36, 41, 153–67, 169, 174
climatology
154, 170, 180–81
coincidence
30, 157, 160, 162, 164–65,
accidental/chance discovery
,
serendipity
Columbus, Christopher
25, 33–35, 38, 83–87, 90, 174, 176–79, 181, 188
community
3, 5, 30, 38–40, 44, 55, 71–73, 95, 102, 104, 108, 114–15, 125, 128–30, 134, 136–40, 143–44, 146, 149, 153, 157–58, 160–63, 195, 197, 199, 203, 208, 210, 212, 218–19, 229
constructivism
67–68, 78
cosmological constant
59
credibility
7, 217–18, 221–23, 225–27
curiosity
37, 58, 133
Darwin, Charles
4, 11, 13–14, 18–19, 46–47, 49, 51–53, 56, 59, 121–22, 126, 128, 131–32
Darwin-finches
4, 121–22
declarative
8, 40, 50, 71, 74, 120, 132, 136, 138, 140–41, 151, 167, 189, 231
describe
13, 29, 34, 37, 57, 67–68, 73, 83, 88, 99–100, 103, 105–106, 111–12, 114–15, 121–26, 128–29, 135, 154–55, 157, 159–65, 183–85, 187, 195, 201, 207, 221
Dirac, Paul
12, 102–6
disciplinarity
170–75, 185, 188–89
discipline VII
, 1, 6, 7, 9, 23, 26, 36, 40, 136, 159–60, 164, 170–74, 176, 180–82, 185, 188, 192–213, 228–30
discovery/discoveries
abstract/theoretical
33, 98–101, 105, 108, 113–15, 159–60
accidental/chance
17, 25, 30, 34, 37, 64, 72, 101, 127–29, 208, 210,
coincidence
,
serendipity
action-oriented
198, 206–9
case studies
30–36, 141–49
complex
24, 27, 36, 135, 200–201, 204, 207, 210, 213
concept of
1, 11, 20, 22–25, 27–36, 45, 102
concrete/empirical
4, 62, 66, 70, 85, 95, 98–101, 105, 108–9, 113, 116, 198, 201–8, 213
context of
14, 20–21, 61
derived and non-derived
4, 36, 95, 109–16, 156, 174
genuine and non-genuine
7, 36, 89, 175–76, 196–98, 211–12
hermeneutical/doctrine-related
7, 197–98, 209–11
historical
198, 201–204, 213
joint
2, 4, 33, 35, 37, 45, 95, 101–6, 109, 117, 125, 164, 186
kinds of/types of
3, 4, 35, 62, 71, 116, 121, 198, 200, 208–10
nested
36
null
4, 95, 106–9, 117, 138
object- and meta-level
200, 206, 209
object of
28–29, 31, 37–39, 64, 85–86, 88, 101, 108
pure and impure
198, 204–6, 212
structure of
36–44
subject of
28–29, 35–38, 126
subjective and objective sense
199
taxonomy of
3, 7, 62, 70–71, 213
DNA
35, 56–58
double helix
56
ecoholism
6, 182–88
Einstein, Albert
32–33, 47, 56, 59, 64, 70, 73, 88–91, 100, 102–3, 108–14, 119–20
environmental justice
174, 186
environmental studies
1, 6, 36, 169–90
epistemic norms
7, 217–31
ether
56, 106–9, 111
eureka
2, 31–37, 45, 61, 81, 129
events
6, 32, 66, 68, 70, 102, 110, 150, 154–55, 166, 191, 201–3, 221
evolution
4, 19, 121–22, 131
expectation
5, 19, 29, 55, 57, 108, 129, 134, 141, 153–54, 159, 192
experiment
5, 14, 16, 23–24, 32–37, 57–58, 62, 64, 89–90, 98, 100, 105, 107–9, 116, 153–60, 163–65, 173, 227
Feigenbaum constant
99, 101
Feynman, Richard
69, 90
finding
1–2, 5–9, 20, 25, 29–40, 45, 58, 69, 78, 82, 108, 113, 127–30, 133, 135, 137–39, 153, 158–65, 170, 174, 180, 191, 199, 203–4, 207–8, 217, 220, 224, 227–28
fine-structure constant
98–100
Frankfurt, Harry
7–8, 218, 220–22, 230
freedom of science
227–28
Frege, Gottlob
20, 48, 68, 87, 92
funding
2, 33–35, 45, 57–58, 207, 228–29
Galápagos Islands
121–22
Galilei, Galileo
24, 32, 49, 52, 96–97, 101, 109
Galle, Johann Gottfried
62, 95–96, 101–2, 109, 117
geology
170, 172, 181–82
Geurts, Bart
148–50
Grand Challenges
23, 26–27
Hanson, Norwood Russell
9, 11, 21–22, 48, 50
Herschel, John
11–21, 38, 46, 97
Herschel, William
12–13, 38–39, 44, 46
Higgs particle
33–34, 38, 48, 61–63
history of science
2, 15, 18, 24, 32, 229
hockey stick
6, 162–63, 166
induction
14–18, 195–96
institutional fact/institutional reality
5, 40, 71, 136–41, 149
instruments
45, 95, 134, 157, 200, 207
interpretation
38, 64, 90, 103–6, 162–63, 192, 201
invention
2–3, 15, 21, 24–25, 27, 61, 65–67, 76, 82, 84, 89, 175, 202, 207–8
justification
10, 14, 20–21, 61, 206, 208
Kant, Immanuel
15, 20, 49, 51, 63, 74, 133, 151, 225
Kepler, Johannes
70, 73, 97
Kitcher, Philip
10–11, 21–22, 48–49
knowledge
background
3, 5, 29, 37, 40, 44, 72–73, 128–29, 212
-how and -that
30, 41–44
individual
40–43, 134
institutional
40–44
production of
7, 209, 217–220, 228–29
transmission of
7, 209, 223
Kronecker, Leopold
68, 74
Kuhn, Thomas
22, 73–74
Lavoisier, Antoine
24, 86, 90
laws
14, 16–17, 57, 70, 73, 97, 99–100, 109–10, 114–16, 128, 170, 173, 188, 208
Leopold, Aldo
183, 186–87, 189
Le Verrier, Urbain
62, 95–98, 101–2, 105, 109, 113, 117
liberal democracy
7, 185, 217–18, 227
Madagascan hawkmoth
4, 5, 121, 126–28, 131
Mantophasmatodea
4, 121, 124–26, 131–32
McClintock, Barbara
128, 130–32
Mendel, Gregor
70, 128, 131–32
Mill, John Stuart
11, 14, 17–18, 50, 53, 146–47, 151, 217–18, 231
method
10, 20–21, 38, 44, 61, 68–70, 86, 161, 172–74, 180–82, 192, 195–97, 200, 202–3, 212–13, 228–30
metaphor
3, 75–76, 79–86, 90
model
24, 56, 59, 63, 70, 78, 99, 115, 155, 158–60, 163–65, 175, 180, 195
moths
4, 121, 123–28
Müller, Johannes
4, 121, 123, 129, 132
Neptune
35, 62, 95–98, 101–2, 109, 113, 117
Newton, Isaac
12, 15, 17, 24, 32–33, 53, 57, 83, 89–90, 100, 106, 109, 114–15, 180
norms
7, 147, 192, 206, 208, 217–20, 222–23, 225, 227–29
observation
3–5, 9–10, 13–14, 17, 22, 24, 31–32, 35, 37–38, 55–59, 62–64, 68, 73–78, 83–85, 90, 95–102, 104–6, 109–10, 113, 115–16, 121, 123–24, 128–29, 134, 143–44, 147, 157, 164, 180, 200–201, 206, 224
oxygen
24, 36, 57, 90
philosophy of science
3, 10–11, 14, 18, 22, 41, 43, 45, 61–62, 65, 75–76, 84, 90, 153, 192, 195
philosophy of scientific discovery VII
, 1, 9–11, 15, 19–20, 22–25, 27–28, 35–36, 44–45, 74
philosophy of theology
192–93
phlogiston
36, 89–90
physics
1, 3–4, 13, 23, 33, 57, 59, 61, 63, 73, 95–120, 159, 180–81, 229
Pirahã
142–43, 150
platonism
68
Poincaré, Henri
20, 110–11, 115, 120
Popper, Karl
11, 20–21, 42, 51, 64, 73–74, 129, 132, 159
pragmatics
147–48
prediction
4, 33, 62, 73, 95–96, 98, 100–102, 104–5, 109, 113, 115, 121, 126, 128, 134, 146, 163, 179–80, 183
Priestley, Joseph
24, 86, 89–90
processes VII
, 2, 9, 20, 24, 34, 36, 40, 43–45, 59, 66, 68, 70, 155, 157, 159–60, 163–64, 184
properties
62, 66–67, 69–70, 103, 106, 108, 113, 115, 141, 153, 228
psychology
21, 32, 42, 84, 148–149, 199, 211
publication
14, 18, 20, 24, 29, 33, 39, 45, 105, 111, 128, 137–38, 146, 157, 162, 191
quantity implicature
150
quantum Hall effect
98, 100, 115–16, 118–19
Quine, W.V.O.
51, 75, 92, 201
realism
3, 67–68, 75–78, 80, 84–91, 205
recognition
134, 149, 229,
acceptance
,
acknowledge
Reichenbach, Hans
11, 20–21, 51
relativity
32, 70, 88–89, 91, 102, 105, 108–11, 114, 230
relevance
3, 5, 30, 36, 38–40, 65, 67, 71–73, 113, 115, 137–140, 200, 204–5, 221
religion
7, 141, 170, 191, 194–97, 200–203, 205–7, 209–13
revisability
36, 165, 228
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
144
Schaller, Friedrich
4, 121, 123–24, 128, 132
science communication
222–23
searchlight theory of science
64
Searle, John
5, 8, 30, 40, 43, 52, 79, 92, 136, 140, 151
serendipity
1–2, 29, 33–35, 45, 186,
coincidence
,
ccidental/chance discovery
skills
32, 37, 135, 146, 171–72
speaker meaning
148–49
species
4, 8, 19, 29–30, 38, 42, 44, 47, 50–51, 71, 74, 99–100, 120–26, 128, 130–33, 136–38, 141, 144, 149, 151, 167, 175, 179, 181, 189–90, 231
speech acts
8, 40, 50, 71, 74, 92, 120, 132, 136, 138, 140–41, 151, 167, 189, 219, 223–25, 231
statistics
5–6, 40, 154–55, 160–66, 178, 180, 183, 204, 229
surprise
5, 10, 16, 23, 25, 29, 55, 80, 83–84, 95, 104, 114, 129, 153, 158–60, 163–65, 179, 181, 226
theology
1, 7, 12, 15, 36, 187, 191–213
theoretical concepts
69–70
theory
4, 14, 19, 21, 32, 36, 57, 63–65, 67, 70, 73, 77–78, 84–85, 87–91, 98, 100, 102–6, 108–11, 114, 121, 147, 153, 158–60, 163–65, 194–95, 197–98, 200–202, 204, 206, 208–10, 219
theory-ladenness of observation
22, 63–65, 201
thought experiment
23–24, 32, 35, 37
truth
1, 7, 10, 18, 55, 72–73, 77–78, 81, 91, 98, 140, 143, 149, 165, 175, 183, 191, 194, 199, 218, 220–22, 227, 229
types classes
ultrasound detection
4, 121, 123–24
universal grammar
141–46
Uranus
12, 35–39, 44, 62, 95–97, 101, 113
values
27, 77, 100, 159, 161–63, 185, 220–21, 225, 230
Vespucci, Amerigo
83, 90
Whewell, William
11–19, 49, 51–53
Wootton, David
24–25, 31, 35–36, 53