Editors:
Daniel Enstedt
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Göran Larsson
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Teemu T. Mantsinen
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Open Access

Index

Abner of Burgos 255 , 262–263
Absolutism 326
Abuse 188 , 191–193 , 195 , 204
Acculturation 262
Adhesion 256 , 262
Aestethic experiences 165–167 , 173 , 300 , 302 , 312 , 337
Affiliation → Religious, affiliation
Africa 23 , 73 , 176 , 269–270
Afterlife 281
Age 3 , 58 , 73 , 142 , 154 , 160–161 , 167 , 169 , 179 , 194 , 221 , 224 , 249 , 269 , 280–281 , 283–284 , 294 , 301 , 309 , 328
Age as an Era 75
Age of Reason 72
Hellenistic Age 47
Agents 236 , 308–309
Agency 105 , 120 , 126 , 234 , 263 , 268 , 302 , 308
Super-human agency 308
Agnostic 181 , 187 , 244–247 , 268
Agnosticism 1 , 222 , 245–246 , 268
Alcohol 6 , 121 , 156 , 183 , 201 , 222 , 282–283 , 299
Alfonso of Valladolid 255 , 262–263
Algorithm 273
American pragmatist 332
Analysis 3 , 50 , 113–114 , 132 , 140 , 147 , 177 , 180 , 189 , 191 , 203 , 211–213 , 217 , 235 , 237 , 242 , 251 , 258 , 260–261 , 269 , 275 , 278 , 282–284 , 288 , 295 , 297 , 302 , 324–333 , 340 , 343–344
Ambedkar, Bhimrao 99–114
Ancient 7 , 44–50 , 53 , 74 , 233 , 256 , 316
Animism 270
Annales school 259
Anthropology, anthropological 99 , 132 , 189 , 194 , 258–259 , 292n , 309 , 315–316
Anthropomorphism 308
Anti-authoritarianism 293
Anticult organisations, anti-cult movement 5 , 232 , 236 , 239 , 296
Anti-gay 309
Anti-Jewish polemic 255
Anti-Muslim rhetoric 201 , 301
Anti-religious 72 , 99 , 191
Antireligious discourses 340
Apostasy 2–7 , 14 , 28–30 , 36 , 39 , 67–77 , 81–93 , 116 , 118 , 155–156 , 176 , 183 , 201 , 203 , 206 , 217 , 221 , 225 , 231 , 239 , 255 , 257–263 , 267 , 278–289 , 294–299 , 301–302 , 341
Ethno-apostasy 142 , 187
Apostasy narrative 212 , 225 , 263 , 301 , 303
Apostate 6 , 15 , 62 , 67 , 69 , 72 , 75 , 77 , 85 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 207 , 217 , 228 , 231 , 255 , 259 , 260 , 262 , 279 , 286 , 298
Apostates 4 , 28 , 32 , 39 , 62 , 72 , 76 , 82–86 , 90 , 92–93 , 116 , 127 , 139 , 176 , 201 , 207 , 212–213 , 216 , 231–232 , 237 , 258–261 , 282 , 284 , 297–302 , 337 , 341 , 344–345
Arya Samaj 15 , 18 , 22
Asia 17 , 32 , 34 , 88 , 91 , 118 , 269–270
Assimilation 58 , 71 , 202 , 206
Association of Religion Data Archives 288
Atheism 15 , 47 , 53 , 69–71 , 76 , 81 , 189 , 222 , 242–251 , 268 , 270 , 293 , 237 , 340–342
Atheist 4 , 44 , 46–47 , 51–53 , 70–72 , 76 , 99 , 168 , 180–181 , 187 , 212 , 221 , 222 , 228 , 242–249 , 251 , 284 , 286 , 307 , 315 , 338–343
Attendance → Church attendance
Austria 68 , 83 , 271
Authorities 34 , 56 , 60 , 62–63 , 69 , 87 , 103 , 116 , 143 , 211 , 214 , 217–218 , 336
Autobiographical 146 , 263 , 325 , 331
Autobiography 2 , 57 , 59 , 63 , 324 , 329 , 333
Baptism 68 , 154–155 , 158–160 , 194–195 , 210 , 262
Belief 3–4 , 45 , 49 , 69 , 83 , 86 , 90 , 92 , 107 , 114 , 142 , 150 , 160 , 164 , 167–168 , 172 , 173 , 179 , 186 , 189–190 , 193 , 195 , 221–223 , 225 , 237 , 243 , 246 , 250–251 , 256–263 , 267–268 , 270–272 , 274 , 279 , 281 , 283 , 288 , 294–295 , 297 , 300–302 , 307–316 , 326n , 328–329
belief incompatibility 126 , 179
‘believing in belonging’ 73 , 268
‘believing without belonging’ 73 , 189 , 268
‘belonging without believing’ 73 , 221 , 268
intuitive belief 45
reflective belief 45
Bible 57 , 67 , 70 , 74–75 , 159 , 212–214 , 216 , 248
Biblical literalism 281
Big data 272 , 287 , 344
Biological 50 , 215 , 310 , 312–314 , 332
Neurobiological 311
Birth 28n , 99 , 105 , 142 , 157 , 161 , 221 , 225 , 268–269
Birth-rate 15
Blog 177 , 338 , 340–341
Brain 308–314 , 316 , 332
Brain-imaging
Brainwashing hypothesis 231–232 , 234–236 , 239 , 292 , 296 , 301 , 338
Buddhism 6–7 , 14 , 16 , 19 , 21–23 , 28–40 , 58–59 , 99 , 111–113 , 117 , 128 , 302 , 338 , 131 , 136 , 139–140 , 232 , 268 , 270 , 302 , 338
Theravada 116–128 , 136 , 270
Vipassana meditation 130–141
Cambodia 31 , 270
Canada 39 , 60 , 144 , 151 , 298–299
Capital (forms of) 160–161 , 188 , 269 , 272
Caste 15–16 , 19–24 , 100–102 , 104 , 106–108 , 110
Castilian 255
Celsus 256
Census 14 , 17n , 73 , 187 , 195 , 287 , 294
Childhood 170 , 214 , 242 , 244 , 249–251 , 279 , 282 , 298
China 31 , 234 , 270
Choice 19 , 24 , 63 , 70 , 89 , 105 , 140 , 157 , 224 , 261 , 268 , 297 , 341 , 344
Church 2 , 57 , 64 , 67–69 , 74–77 , 86 , 139 , 154–161 , 170 , 175–177 , 186–196 , 200–207 , 210 , 214–216 , 218 , 232 , 236–238 , 248 , 297 , 299–300 , 309 , 330 , 336–339 , 345
Church attendance 2 , 68 , 73 , 188 , 206 , 280–281 , 283–284 , 286 , 288 , 297n
Christianity 1 , 6–7 , 14 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 29 , 35–36 , 39 , 45–46 , 48 , 57–64 , 67–77 , 113 , 118 , 175 , 183 , 189 , 210–218 , 232–233 , 235 , 239 , 256 , 262 , 268 , 270–272 , 292 , 298 , 323 , 325 , 329
Amish 154–161
Catholicism 70 , 186–196 , 250 , 255 , 270
Catholic 2 , 17 , 61 , 63–64 , 68–70 , 75–76 , 186–196 , 236 , 248 , 271 , 294 , 309
Conservative Protestants 75 , 157–159 , 167 , 170 , 282 , 340
Evangelicals 32 , 58 , 60 , 63 , 72 , 75 , 77 , 146 , 156 , 159–160 , 164–173 , 300 , 327 , 329 , 341
Lutheranism 70 , 74 , 76–77 , 175–177 , 214 , 336–338 , 340
Orthodox 70–72
Pentecostalism 6 , 72 , 74–75 , 77 , 175–183 , 186 , 212–214
Protestantism 17 , 70 , 72 , 76 , 86 , 118 , 127 , 173 , 188 , 216 , 270 , 282 , 294
Christian mystics 308
Chronology 263
Class→Social class
Cognitive 45 , 125n , 167 , 176 , 179 , 180 , 270 , 304 , 308–309 , 311 , 313–316 , 333
Cognitive dissonance, cognitive discrepancy 119 , 126 , 179–180 , 183 , 296 , 343
Cognition 179 , 312 , 332
Cohort 190 , 280–281 , 300
College students 165 , 294 , 300
Colonialism, Colonisation 57 , 70–71 , 88 , 99 , 117 , 269–270 , 273 , 323
Commitment 70 , 120 , 131 , 135 , 137 , 140 , 186 , 189 , 202 , 233 , 282 , 293–294 , 324–326 , 329 , 337
Communication 205–206 , 210 , 335 , 343–345
Communism 32–33 , 71 , 118 , 120–121 , 126–127 , 234 , 269–270
Community 2 , 4 , 18–19 , 28–29 , 36 , 56 , 59 , 60 , 62 , 71 , 75 , 81 , 83–84 , 86 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 110–111 , 117 , 119 , 142–149 , 154–156 , 161 , 164 , 168 , 170–171 , 175–176 , 181 , 187 , 194 , 201–202 , 211 , 214–215 , 221–222 , 256 , 270–271 , 279 , 295n , 297 , 300n , 303 , 310 , 325 , 330 , 338 , 341 , 343
Congregation 29 , 154 , 175–183 , 210 , 212–218
Conservatism 139 , 143–144 , 146 , 157 , 181 , 191–193 , 195 , 224 , 309 , 336 , 338–339
Context 1 , 45–46 , 51 , 58 , 68 , 103 , 109 , 118 , 131 , 136 , 138–140 , 142–143 , 173 , 177 , 191 , 210–212 , 216 , 228 , 234 , 255–263 , 267–269 , 271 , 273 , 279 , 285–286 , 288 , 297 , 302–303 , 310 , 323–324 , 327–328 , 332 , 336–337 , 342 , 345
Conversion 3–5 , 14–15 , 17–24 , 29 , 35–36 , 55–58 , 61–63 , 71 , 75 , 82 , 99 , 108–113 , 118–120 , 124–128 , 131–132 , 142 , 145–146 , 154 , 164–165 , 167 , 175 , 179 , 181 , 183 , 200 , 210–217 , 221 , 231–235 , 239 , 255–263 , 267 , 271–275 , 296 , 323 , 326–328 , 335 , 340 , 342
Conversion career 207 , 232–233 , 297 , 327 , 337
Convert, converts 17–18 , 22 , 29 , 35–36 , 57–58 , 83 , 86–87 , 93 , 120 , 124 , 177 , 179 , 183 , 200 , 206 , 210–218 , 231 , 234 , 255 , 260 , 262 , 267–268 , 271 , 297 , 309–310
Coping 6 , 36 , 127 , 222 , 313 , 332
Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain 338
Counterculture 18 , 172 , 232 , 293
Counterintuitive 312
Cult, cults 2 , 16 , 44–45 , 47 , 49 , 52 , 131 , 158 , 202 , 231 , 234–235 , 239 , 292 , 296 , 338 , 340
Cultural 2 , 7 , 13 , 17 , 24 , 36 , 67 , 71–72 , 74 , 76 , 100–101 , 125 , 140 , 142–143 , 145–146 , 155 , 160 , 179–183 , 186–195 , 203 , 207 , 220 , 262 , 267 , 271 , 285 , 294 , 297 , 300 , 307–311 , 316 , 326 , 331–332 , 336
Cultural capital 160–161 , 272
Cultural habits 6
Cultural practices 24 , 160 , 194 , 201 , 205–206
Cultural studies 257 , 316
Cross-cultural 316
Culture 1 , 14 , 17 , 21–22 , 24 , 71 , 76 , 142–145 , 156 , 171–172 , 175 , 179–183 , 190 , 201 , 217 , 220 , 223 , 225–226 , 228 , 231 , 234 , 239 , 269 , 293 , 296 , 307 , 309 , 336
Data 5 , 7 , 144–147 , 149 , 151 , 157 , 177–178 , 187 , 189 , 191 , 203 , 210 , 242 , 244 , 250 , 257 , 261 , 263 , 272–273 , 278–288 , 294 , 300 , 308–309 , 312 , 338 , 344–345
Cross-sectional data 280–281
Large-scale data 272 , 274 , 280–281 , 285 , 288
Secondary data 281 , 287–288
Datasets 272 , 274
Dawkins’s Convert’s Corner 344
Death 21–23 , 28n , 30–31 , 63 , 75 , 82 , 105 , 112–113 , 123 , 201 , 212 , 215 , 267 , 307 , 313
Death penalty, sentenced to death, capital punishment 50 , 52 , 69 , 81–90 , 92–93 , 222
Declaration of Human Rights 3 , 103
Deconversion 2 , 4 , 102 , 108–109 , 111–113 , 118–119 , 124–128 , 132 , 137 , 139 , 145–146 , 150 , 164–165 , 167–168 , 172–174 , 203 , 221 , 232–233 , 257 , 262 , 267 , 279 , 292 , 295n , 296 , 309–310 , 323–331
Defection → Religious, defection
Defector, defectors 2 , 6 , 59 , 139–140 , 156 , 231 , 237–238 , 294–295
Defrock, disrobe 30 , 32 , 34 , 39 , 117
Dementia 311
Demographic 139 , 144 , 261 , 267–269 , 272–273 , 281–282 , 295 , 300 , 316
Demography 272–273
Denomination 68 , 143 , 147
Denominational 143–144 , 147 , 151 , 279
Deprogramming 232 , 234–236 , 239 , 292
De-ritualisation 262
Desacralise 275
Descriptive analysis 282–284
Desecularised 1
Desire 58 , 82 , 90 , 121 , 126 , 138 , 159 , 172 , 187–188 , 297 , 307
Development 6 , 31 , 58 , 72–73 , 77 , 112n , 117 , 131 , 140 , 179 , 191 , 211 , 233–234 , 269 , 272 , 278 , 281 , 292 , 300 , 302 , 311 , 314–316 , 324n , 326 , 331 , 336–337 , 342–343
Deviant 67 , 69 , 156 , 178–179 , 222 , 229 , 233–234 , 256 , 299 , 302
Devil 176 , 178–180
Digital technology 273
Disaffiliation → Religious, disaffiliation
Disbelief 204 , 224 , 242–243 , 248 , 259
Discourse 29 , 31 , 36–37 , 44 , 47 , 125 , 127n , 128 , 131–134 , 137 , 140 , 142 , 147 , 165 , 186 , 193 , 212 , 225 , 239 , 257–259 , 262 , 263 , 267 , 269 , 273–275 , 296 , 301 , 332 , 335 , 337–338 , 340 , 343–345
Discourse analysis 258 , 260–261 , 326 , 329
Discursive 125 , 133 , 257 , 268 , 326–327 , 330–331
Discrepancy 119 , 125–127 , 179–180 , 183 , 225
Discrimination 5 , 15 , 19 , 21–23 , 100–102 , 310
Disenchantment 294 , 324
Disrobe → defrock
Divergence 23 , 142 , 149
Doctrine 16 , 30 , 36–37 , 63 , 76–77 , 116–117 , 121 , 123–124 , 126 , 130 , 137 , 139–140 , 201 , 204–205 , 228 , 268 , 342
Dopamine system 310–312
Doubt 2 , 52 , 119 , 121 , 123 , 125–128 , 133–135 , 138 , 140 , 144 , 167–173 , 203–207 , 220 , 223 , 231 , 236 , 251 , 257 , 262 , 287 , 293 , 295n , 296 , 310–311 , 341
Dream narrative 332
Dualism 268
Early modern 63 , 256–257
Economic 5 , 21 , 45 , 102 , 104 , 107 , 126 , 128 , 140 , 155 , 188 , 191 , 257 , 259 , 267 , 269–270 , 299–301 , 304 , 323
Economy 236 , 302
Ecstatic religious experiences 175 , 179 , 307
Education 19 , 34 , 60 , 67 , 91 , 100–101 , 104 , 113 , 139 , 143 , 147–148 , 155 , 160–161 , 178 , 188 , 194–195 , 269 , 282 , 284 , 294 , 298 , 300–301 , 309–310 , 315
Emotion 2 , 45 , 103 , 119 , 125–126 , 128 , 132 , 134 , 138 , 158–159 , 170–172 , 175–176 , 179–183 , 224 , 234 , 243 , 272 , 293–295 , 303 , 309–311 , 325–326 , 328 , 331
Empirical 6–7 , 211–213 , 217 , 221 , 273 , 279 , 284 , 292 , 314 , 324
Enlightenment 31 , 38 , 44 , 47 , 49 , 57–58 , 70 , 72 , 75 , 77 , 88 , 131 , 134–137 , 204 , 257 , 259
Epistemological 138 , 243–247 , 261
Ethical 31 , 38 , 47 , 108 , 117 , 178 , 293 , 301
Ethnic 17 , 24 , 64 , 71 , 142 , 144–145 , 150–151 , 186–188 , 191 , 193 , 196 , 213 , 221 , 271
Ethnographic 132 , 155 , 165 , 169 , 177 , 260–261 , 301 , 344
Ethnography 263 , 344
Euripides 44 , 50–53
Europe 2 , 5 , 48 , 58 , 64 , 69–70 , 72–73 , 84 , 91 , 186 , 216 , 257 , 259 , 287–288 , 338
Eastern Europe 70 , 270
Western Europe 1n , 5 , 48 , 69–70 , 187 , 271 , 292
Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Finland → Christianity, Lutheran
Evolutionary 309 , 313 , 316 , 324
Exit 2–3 , 105 , 127 , 131–132 , 134 , 138–140 , 145–146 , 157 , 164 , 176–183 , 186 , 192 , 200 , 202–207 , 231–232 , 235–237 , 239 , 242–243 , 248 , 250–251 , 267 , 273 , 292 , 295–301 , 302 , 309 , 330 , 342
Excommunication 68 , 69 , 75 , 155–156
Ex-Muslims 5–6 , 212 , 217 , 224 , 299 , 301 , 303 , 338–339 , 343
Ex-Pentecostal 6 , 177
Experiment, experimental 37 , 103 , 233 , 309 , 313–314
Facebook 177 , 203n , 341 , 342
Faith 15–18 , 20 , 28–29 , 35–36 , 55–57 , 60 , 64 , 67 , 69 , 72 , 74 , 76–77 , 81–83 , 86 , 89 , 103–104 , 109 , 112 , 142 , 149 , 154 , 156 , 159 , 166 , 170–172 , 188 , 190 , 194–195 , 200–207 , 210–217 , 220 , 222–223 , 225 , 227 , 231 , 235 , 239 , 244–245 , 251 , 256–258 , 261–263 , 294 , 295n , 297–299 , 323–333 , 339–342 , 345
Family 2 , 5 , 28 , 36 , 38–39 , 46 , 50–51 , 63 , 84–85 , 87 , 100 , 122 , 139 , 143–144 , 154 , 156–160 , 169 , 176 , 181–184 , 192 , 194 , 201 , 204–206 , 211–213 , 215 , 217 , 222 , 224–227 , 234 , 238 , 251 , 297 , 299–300 , 302 , 327–328
Father figure 307
Female 30 , 34 , 39 , 74 , 84–85 , 150 , 157 , 160 , 188 , 234 , 274
Fieldwork 5 , 7 , 118 , 132 , 164–165 , 177 , 211–213 , 217 , 292 , 301
Finland 3 , 24 , 29 , 68 , 74 , 176 , 183 , 336–338 , 340
Food 119 , 121 , 143 , 149 , 216 , 299 , 303 , 313
Freedom of Religion 4–5 , 14 , 70 , 87 , 91 , 113
Gandhi, Mahatma Mohandas 20–21 , 23 , 102–108
Gender 5 , 39 , 58 , 74 , 132 , 143 , 149 , 155 , 160–161 , 221 , 243 , 251 , 269 , 284 , 297 , 300–302
General Social Survey 279–280 , 284
Geography 77 , 221 , 238 , 262 , 267–269 , 271 , 273–275 , 282
Geographies of religion 273–274
Human geography 271
Germany 17 , 68 , 71 , 187 , 238 , 279 , 283 , 398
Ghar Wapsis 15 , 18–19
God 6 , 16 , 20 , 49 , 56 , 59 , 62 , 67 , 71–72 , 75–76 , 81 , 90 , 103 , 149 , 156 , 166 , 168 , 176 , 194 , 201 , 205 , 212–213 , 224–225 , 232–233 , 235 , 243–249 , 282–283 , 285 , 287–288 , 307–310 , 314–315 , 328 , 339
Goenka, S. N. 130–140
Greece 43–44 , 49–51 , 53 , 85 , 316
Habits 6 , 87 , 183 , 225 , 294 , 302–303 , 337
Happiness 313
Hate crimes 5
Health 155 , 195 , 282–283 , 302 , 313 , 315
Hebrew 55–57 , 60 , 255 , 262 , 275
Heresy 6–7 , 67 , 69 , 81 , 83 , 90 , 116 , 255 , 257 , 259
Heretics 4 , 6 , 38 , 56 , 67–69 , 76–77 , 90–91 , 116–118 , 128 , 255 , 263
Hierarchy 19 , 23 , 29 , 38 , 107 , 193 , 238 , 256 , 263
Hinduism 6–7 , 13–24 , 99–113 , 123 , 268 , 302 , 338
Historiography 257–259 , 262–263
History 4 , 23 , 48 , 52 , 57 , 59–60 , 67 , 77 , 82 , 85 , 93 , 102 , 109 , 113 , 117n , 135 , 167 , 175 , 201–202 , 204 , 214 , 224 , 236 , 258–263 , 269 , 307–308 , 327–328 , 331 , 333
Holistic 140 , 172 , 274
Holy Spirit 75–76
Homosexual, homosexuality 223–227 , 336–337
Hustler magazine 339
Hybridity 262
Hypocrisy 90 , 148 , 191–192 , 195 , 325
Hysterical 308
Identity 3 , 5 , 35 , 59 , 70–71 , 91–92 , 142 , 146–147 , 164–165 , 168–169 , 171 , 173 , 175 , 177 , 179–180 , 201 , 203 , 206–207 , 213 , 220 , 222–223 , 226–228 , 231 , 249–250 , 255 , 262–263 , 272 , 286 , 296 , 325 , 335 , 338 , 341
Collective identity 16–17 , 19 , 22 , 61 , 120 , 128 , 148 , 151 , 164 , 168 , 172 , 186–187 , 190–191 , 202 , 206 , 212 , 222 , 228 , 255 , 325 , 341
Religious identity 6 , 13–14 , 23 , 64 , 100 , 186 , 193 , 207 , 215 , 217 , 227–228 , 256 , 267 , 297 , 301 , 337
Sexual identity 3
Social identity 18 , 23 , 194
Ideology, ideological 16 , 19 , 92 , 102 , 104 , 110 , 119 , 121 , 133 , 140 , 160 , 224 , 236 , 243 , 323
Image (illustration) 67 , 166 , 311
Image (impression) 139 , 212–217 , 224 , 237 , 258 , 260 , 296 , 301 , 307 , 332 , 337 , 340
Immanent 136 , 268 , 297 , 332
Immigration, immigrant → Migration
India 13 , 16–24 , 39 , 99 , 101–102 , 107 , 111–113 , 135 , 316
Indigenous 71 , 211 , 270 , 323
Individualism 117–118 , 120 , 126n , 150 , 201 , 225 , 239 , 293 , 299 , 337
Institution 2 , 13–14 , 69 , 70 , 91 , 107 , 110 , 113 , 144–145 , 147 , 176 , 194–195 , 234 , 238–239 , 284 , 297 , 309 , 323 , 329 , 336–337 , 343
Institutionalised religion 132 , 140 , 144 , 161 , 186–191 , 193 , 195 , 201 , 232 , 238 , 294 , 299 , 309 , 332 , 337
International Social Survey Program 279–280 , 285
Infantile 307–308
Inferential statistics 283–284
Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Societies, The 342
Interdisciplinary 113 , 132 , 316
Internalised 190 , 295
Internet 91 , 177 , 237–239 , 287 , 335 , 340–343
Intersectionality 161 , 220–221 , 227 , 302
Interview 5 , 35 , 118 , 126 , 132 , 140 , 142 , 146–147 , 177 , 190 , 211–213 , 215 , 221 , 242 , 244–246 , 248 , 299–300 , 316 , 324 , 328–331 , 338 , 342 , 344
Intrinsic estimator models 281
Inquisition 57 , 260
Intuitive 45 , 157 , 159 , 308–309 , 312 , 314
Iran 4 , 81 , 84 , 86–87 , 210 , 211 , 213
Iraq 4 , 82 , 214 , 302
Ireland 186–196
Irreligiosity 1 , 22 , 108 , 220–221 , 228 , 292–293 , 297n , 299
Islam 1 , 4–7 , 15 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 36 , 57 , 59 , 63–64 , 71 , 75 , 77 , 81–93 , 113 , 118 , 177 , 210–218 , 220–228 , 248 , 270 , 272 , 292 , 299 , 301–303 , 338–339 , 342–343
Islamic 4 , 6–7 , 71 , 81–86 , 90–92 , 220–221 , 224 , 275 , 302 , 342
Islamic State (isis) 4 , 92
Israel 56 , 60–62 , 145 , 272 , 275 , 298
Jainism 14 , 16 , 113 , 302
Jamaica 270
Jesus 55 , 60 , 63 , 74–75 , 77 , 159 , 170 , 213–214 , 287 , 309
Judaism 6 , 55–64 , 69 , 142–151 , 203 , 255 , 258 , 262–263 , 292 , 298 , 301 , 338
Ashkenaz 258
Hasidic Jews 299–300
Orthodox Jews, Judaism 61 , 63 , 142–151 , 292 , 300n
Khmer Rouge 270
Koran → Quran
Latin 255
Latin America 176 , 186 , 270
Læstadianism 175 , 340–341
Liberal 1 , 85 , 157 , 190 , 193 , 213 , 297n , 336 , 339–340 , 345
Liberalism 72 , 75 , 77 , 297n
Lifecycle 267 , 269
Life events 248 , 267 , 269 , 313
Life stories 299 , 300 , 335
Linguistic identities 271
Linguistic turn 257–258 , 261
Literary studies 257
Longitudinal 269 , 272 , 280 , 282 , 286 , 302
Longue-durée 259
Macro-level 187 , 269 , 274
Magic 38 , 45 , 49
Male 29–30 , 34 , 44 , 145 , 157 , 160 , 269 , 284
Manipulation 211 , 272 , 296 , 301
Manipulation in experimental study 314
Maoist era 270
Marijuana 282–283
Marriage 19 , 21 , 62 , 74 , 117 , 121 , 201 , 204 , 267 , 283
Inter-religious marriage 60–61 , 269
Marxist philosophy 270
Marxist theory 293
Meaning-making 120 , 313 , 316 , 337
Measuring 238 , 242 , 251 , 278
Media 58 , 86 , 91–92 , 156 , 177 , 193 , 200 , 203n , 211 , 234 , 296 , 335–346
Media culture 336
Media discourse 193 , 335 , 337 , 339–340 , 343–345
Media logic 335–337 , 340 , 343–345
Television 38–39 , 91 , 156 , 188 , 234 , 336 , 340 , 345
Mediatisation 336–337
Medieval 22 , 69 , 255 , 257–261
Medium theory 345
Membership 14 , 18 , 23 , 67–68 , 73 , 75 , 142 , 147 , 150 , 175 , 178 , 201–202 , 206 , 231 , 285 , 287 , 338
Mental representations 308
Me-society 299
Metaphor, metaphorical 134 , 137–138 , 226–227 , 247 , 272 , 329 , 331
Metaphysical 117 , 307 , 309
Method, methodology 1–2 , 6–7 , 36 , 91 , 108–110 , 132 , 137 , 146 , 158 , 165 , 168 , 177 , 203 , 210 , 217 , 221 , 255–257 , 259–261 , 274 , 278–281 , 284–289 , 300 , 302 , 313–316 , 324 , 326 , 328–331 , 333 , 343–345
Microhistory 259
Microlevel 274
Migration
Asylum 89 , 210 , 214–215 , 217
Asylum seeker 210–218
Immigrant 212
Immigration 155 , 210 , 214 , 218 , 272
Migration 2 , 132 , 140 , 154 , 210–211 , 213–215 , 217 , 225 , 228 , 267 , 269 , 271 , 296 , 302
Mission 15 , 17 , 60 , 205 , 212 , 339
Missionary 21 , 35–36 , 58 , 60 , 63 , 70 , 200 , 210–213 , 233
Missionisation 269 , 323
Mixed methods 274 , 286 , 328 , 331
Mobility 2 , 175 , 177 , 183 , 267 , 297
Modernisation 1 , 70 , 117 , 269–270
Modernist 134 , 136 , 268
Monastery 29–30 , 34 , 39 , 63 , 131
Moral, morality 2–3 , 30 , 50–51 , 70 , 72 , 75–76 , 103 , 111 , 119 , 125–128 , 130 , 133 , 139 , 167 , 170 , 175 , 181 , 186–196 , 245 , 293–294 , 295n , 297n , 310 , 313 , 325 , 328 , 332
Mormonism (Church of Latter Day Saints) 139 , 200–207 , 248 , 297 , 330 , 341
Motivation 30 , 58 , 92 , 113 , 119 , 127 , 155 , 159–160 , 190–191 , 205 , 269 , 285 , 296 , 298 , 308 , 315 , 335 , 340
Motive 109–110 , 119 , 126–127 , 156 , 159 , 223 , 259 , 261–262
Multiple religious belonging 248 , 303 , 326
Multireligious 274
Multivariate modelling 272 , 283–284
Muslim 1 , 4 , 13 , 15–23 , 32 , 36 , 55 , 71 , 81 , 83–86 , 88 , 90–91 , 93 , 127 , 149 , 210–213 , 215–217 , 221–226 , 228 , 271 , 299 , 309 , 340 , 343
Sunni Muslims 4
Shia Muslims 4 , 221
Myanmar 31 , 118
Mystery cults 45 , 49
Mysticism 259
Narrative 2 , 13 , 47 , 99 , 116 , 118–119 , 124–126 , 130–140 , 145–146 , 148–149 , 151 , 155 , 158 , 177 , 192–193 , 203–205 , 212–213 , 215–217 , 223 , 225–227 , 232 , 234 , 248 , 258–260 , 263 , 298 , 300–303 , 324–333 , 337–341 , 344
Narrative analysis 132 , 260 , 325–333 , 343
National Longitudinal 282
Netnography 344
Neurological 307 , 310
New religious movements 5 , 17 , 120 , 231–239 , 292 , 323 , 338
Nondenominational 274
Nones 2n , 292 , 315 , 338
Non-heterosexual 298
Non-religion 2 , 191 , 242–251 , 271 , 274 , 294 , 299 , 316 , 337
Normative 49 , 143–144 , 149–150 , 220–221 , 223 , 226–228 , 257 , 268 , 273–274 , 286
Norway 17 , 210 , 212–216
Objective 7 , 195 , 256
Objectivist fallacy 293–294
Online 76 , 195 , 203 , 237–238 , 288 , 325 , 335 , 340–345
Openness to experience 310 , 326
Organisation 7 , 15 , 18–19 , 22–23 , 58 , 60 , 63 , 106 , 125 , 130 , 132 , 139–140 , 147 , 176 , 179 , 200–203 , 206–207 , 210 , 231 , 237 , 293 , 296–297
Organisational exit 202 , 205–206
Oregon Extension 164–173
Orthodoxy 6 , 15 , 143 , 236 , 258
Unorthodoxy 135 , 257
Pagan 256
Pagodas 270
Pakistan 13 , 15–16 , 19 , 86 , 88–89 , 91 , 222
Palestinian 275
Panel studies 282
Paradigm 45 , 48 , 53 , 91 , 125 , 138 , 256 , 262 , 271 , 297 , 313 , 323 , 325 , 330
Parkinson’s disease 311–312
Patriarchy 37 , 188 , 269
Pedophilia 2
Performance 164 , 168 , 330 , 333
Performative, performativity 105 , 149 , 164–165 , 167 , 172 , 331
Pew Research Center 1–2 , 73 , 143 , 186n , 200 , 202 , 243 , 271 , 287–288
Philippines 270
Pietistic 263
Piety 142 , 144 , 147 , 149 , 188 , 233 , 256
Political 3 , 5 , 17 , 32 , 73 , 83–87 , 91–92 , 99 , 101 , 104 , 109 , 113 , 121 , 131 , 140 , 216 , 227 , 267 , 270–271 , 274–275 , 281–282 , 284 , 297n , 323 , 342
Political scientists 157 , 273
Polyconfessional 274
Pope, the 64 , 76 , 287
Popular culture 156 , 234 , 296 , 309
Population 1–2 , 15 , 17 , 31 , 71 , 73 , 139 , 144 , 148 , 154 , 177–178 , 186–187 , 191 , 233 , 243 , 269 , 271–272 , 275 , 283–288 , 299
Porn 339
Positivist 259 , 324–326 , 328–331 , 333
Postcolonial 273
Post-secularisation 271
Postmodern 274
Poststructuralist 220 , 271
Power 4 , 17 , 33 , 37–39 , 51 , 70–73 , 75 , 77 , 88 , 93 , 104–105 , 110 , 142 , 177–179 , 188 , 200 , 212 , 221 , 224 , 228 , 232 , 234 , 244 , 247 , 249 , 272–273 , 294 , 302 , 336 , 343
Prayer 56–57 , 170 , 213 , 281
Prejudice 118 , 137 , 296 , 301 , 310
Premarital sex 282–283
Pre-modern societies 269
Procreation 267
Psychic 135 , 308 , 327
Psychological 5 , 31 , 164 , 179 , 181 , 191 , 234 , 307–315 , 326–327 , 331 , 335
Psychologists 110 , 139–140 , 178 , 235 , 294 , 298 , 310 , 312 , 315
Psychology 36 , 103 , 132 , 140 , 145 , 179 , 189 , 292n , 307 , 313 , 315–316 , 324 , 335
Psychotherapy 332
Public opinion polls 300
Queer 220 , 227–229
Qualitative 145 , 187 , 242 , 274 , 278–279 , 286 , 312 , 343
Quantitative 144 , 155 , 157 , 159 , 242 , 272 , 274 , 278–280 , 284 , 286–288 , 343
Questionnaire 177 , 285 , 328 , 331
Quran 81 , 84–85 , 89 , 90 , 92–93 , 223
Rational 5 , 72 , 117 , 126 , 131 , 135 , 138 , 140 , 205 , 235 , 263 , 270 , 293–294
Rational choice theory 235 , 297 , 325
Rebellion 67 , 69 , 75 , 83 , 224 , 293–294
Regression 283–284 , 308
Religious
Activity 13 , 36 , 38 , 58 , 60 , 63 , 91 , 101 , 120n , 124 , 201 , 204 , 212 , 271 , 295
Affiliation 59 , 132 , 142–143 , 147–148 , 154–155 , 157–159 , 161 , 186 , 193 , 195 , 217–218 , 221 , 231 , 258 , 269 , 279 , 281–282 , 287–288 , 292 , 301 , 307 , 323 , 338
Bricolage 293
Change 2 , 143 , 151 , 212 , 213 , 215 , 217–218 , 233 , 256–259 , 263 , 267 , 270–274 , 281 , 284 , 286 , 292 , 301–302 , 323 , 329 , 331
Commitment 120 , 131 , 135 , 137 , 140 , 186–187 , 189 , 202 , 233 , 293–294 , 324 , 329 , 337
Decline 1 , 70 , 73 , 77 , 190 , 280–288 , 292
Defection 28 , 118 , 145 , 157–159 , 234 , 294–296
Disaffiliation 2 , 67 , 74 , 118–119 , 130–134 , 138 , 140 , 142 , 145 , 147 , 187 , 220–221 , 231 , 239 , 279–285 , 292–297 , 301 , 310 , 323 , 325
Disengagement 131–133 , 138 , 140 , 278–279 , 282 , 296–297
Experience 122 , 126–128 , 135–138 , 155 , 159 , 176 , 179–180 , 251 , 256–257 , 278 , 293 , 295n , 307–308 , 335
Fundamentalism 310 , 326
Marketplace 111 , 189–190 , 273 , 297 , 324
Monopoly 72 , 299
Multiple belief systems 248 , 268 , 303
Pluralism 118 , 271 , 324
Rejection 67 , 69 , 76 , 132 , 140 , 187 , 191 , 201 , 224–225 , 258 , 262 , 267 , 285 , 293–294 , 297 , 307 , 309–310
Switching 1–2 , 69 , 73 , 142 , 144 , 146 , 187 , 235 , 271 , 282 , 297–298
Syncretism 17 , 70 , 262 , 268
Topography 269–270
Upbringing 157 , 190 , 224–225 , 243–244 , 250–251 , 268 , 297–299 , 301 , 309
Religulous (movie) 342
Renouncing religion 55 , 142 , 267 , 335–336
Retirement 35 , 39 , 267
Right-wing authoritarianism 310 , 326
Ritual 6 , 15 , 18 , 48–49 , 56 , 110 , 142 , 145 , 173 , 175 , 189 , 260 , 262 , 269–270 , 288 , 300 , 309 , 312
Ritual participation 189 , 288
Role 4–5 , 23 , 31 , 33 , 38 , 48 , 73 , 127 , 132 , 138–140 , 146 , 149 , 157–158 , 165–167 , 172–174 , 187 , 189 , 206–207 , 231–232 , 236 , 258 , 268 , 270–271 , 273–274 , 286 , 295–296 , 298 , 303 , 309–312 , 326 , 329–331 , 333 , 335–337 , 341 , 343–345
Russia 71 , 73 , 83 , 270
Sacred 24 , 107 , 111 , 175 , 188 , 201 , 261
Sacred canopy 188 , 337
Sangha 29–39 , 117
Satisfaction 243 , 313–314
Saudi Arabia 4 , 81 , 84 , 91 , 224
Scandinavia 285 , 299
Scepticism 50 , 187–188 , 257 , 261
School 21 , 31 , 37 , 91 , 100 , 103 , 143 , 148 , 157 , 159 , 164 , 194–195 , 214 , 225 , 237 , 259 , 267 , 282
Science 1n , 45 , 47 , 99 , 109 , 117 , 168 , 224 , 258–259 , 273 , 278 , 281 , 284 , 293 , 309–310 , 313–314 , 316 , 324–325 , 340 , 342
Scientology 232 , 236–239
Scripture-based religions 270
Secular 1 , 14 , 19 , 59 , 61 , 72 , 87 , 117–118 , 120 , 125–126 , 137 , 143 , 192–193 , 235 , 245 , 251 , 261 , 268 , 272 , 284–288 , 293n , 294 , 299 , 309 , 313 , 336 , 341
Secular drift 299
Secularisation 1 , 47–48 , 58 , 70 , 72 , 186–191 , 193–195 , 257 , 262 , 269–275 , 280 , 287–288 , 292–295 , 299 , 309 , 329 , 336
Secularisation thesis 251 , 270
Secularism 77 , 186 , 190 , 194–196 , 257 , 268 , 316
Sect 1 , 5 , 38 , 113 , 131 , 292 , 295–296 , 338
Self-report measures 313–314
Semiotic 258
Sexual identity → Identity, sexual identity
Sexual orientations 3 , 221 , 227
Sharia 81 , 84–87 , 93
Shintoism 302
Sikhism 14 , 19 , 113 , 302
Singapore 270
Snapping 292
Social class 5 , 58 , 103–104 , 108 , 161 , 179 , 188 , 221 , 294
Social differentiation 270
Social psychology 313 , 324
Social sciences 1n , 258–259 , 273 , 278 , 281 , 284
Socialisation 119 , 143 , 145 , 179 , 181 , 183 , 188 , 202 , 207 , 268 , 297–298
Society 1 , 3 , 15–17 , 22 , 46–48 , 58 , 62 , 64 , 69 , 71–72 , 74 , 76 , 86 , 88 , 92 , 102–111 , 116 , 125 , 127 , 139 , 155 , 161 , 175 , 186 , 188 , 191–196 , 211 , 213–215 , 220 , 225–228 , 231–232 , 235 , 251 , 261 , 269 , 271 , 293n , 295–296 , 298–299 , 343–344
Socio-economical 45 , 267 , 269–270
Socio-economic mobility 267
Socio-economic status 269
Socio-emotional 310
Sociologists 1 , 48 , 101 , 110 , 187 , 190 , 232 , 239 , 273 , 293 , 312
Sociology 47–48 , 132 , 258–259 , 292n , 293–294 , 297 , 315–316 , 324
Socrates 46 , 52 , 307
Somali 338
Space 217 , 225 , 267–269 , 271 , 274–275 , 337 , 339–340 , 342
Spirits 116–117 , 122 , 126n , 309
Spiritual 17–18 , 24 , 61 , 118 , 120 , 123–127 , 135 , 137 , 142–143 , 155 , 160 , 166 , 170–172 , 188–189 , 233 , 238–239 , 256 , 262 , 274 , 324 , 329
Spirituality 59 , 73 , 222 , 262 , 271 , 287 , 312 , 314
Sri Lanka 17 , 31–32 , 34–35 , 39 , 111 , 268
Statistical analysis 278 , 282
Statistics 1 , 144 , 157 , 210 , 236 , 272 , 278–289 , 338 , 345
Stereotype 49
Stereotypical 296 , 301
Stories 45 , 77 , 135–137 , 145 , 160 , 177–181 , 203 , 212–217 , 259–260 , 299–300 , 325–327 , 330–332 , 335 , 337–339 , 341–343 , 345
Story 39 , 71 , 75 , 137 , 160 , 203 , 214 , 216 , 257 , 299 , 325 , 330–331 , 337–338
Structural differentiation 155 , 270
Study of Adolescent to Adult Health 282
Sudan 4
Śuddhi ritual 15 , 18 , 22
Supernatural 38 , 103 , 110–111 , 114 , 190 , 307 , 309 , 314
Supernatural agents 117 , 308–309
Superstition 58 , 263 , 269–270
Survey 37 , 59 , 144 , 177–178 , 187 , 189–192 , 202 , 232 , 242 , 244 , 250 , 279–281 , 284–288 , 294 , 299n , 300 , 314–316 , 344
Sweden 68 , 73–74 , 221–222 , 225–226 , 280 , 299
Switching → religious switching
Switzerland 68 , 89 , 238 , 299
Symbolic 56 , 104 , 212 , 234 , 258 , 272 , 274 , 328 , 330 , 333
Symbolic interaction 295
Symbols 117 , 193 , 206 , 258 , 263 , 337
Symptom 308
Syria 4 , 17 , 221 , 223 , 302
Temples 16 , 18 , 22 , 31–39 , 102–104 , 201 , 204 , 270
Testimony 70 , 89 , 194 , 203 , 205 , 231–232 , 238 , 258 , 262 , 339 , 342 , 344–345
Thailand 29 , 31–40 , 268
Theologians 4 , 6 , 44 , 57 , 76–77 , 81–85 , 91–93 , 310
Theological 51 , 67 , 72 , 85 , 92–93 , 133n , 135 , 143 , 164 , 211 , 298 , 325
Theology 53 , 67 , 76 , 85 , 104 , 193
Theoretical 2 , 6–7 , 47–48 , 51–52 , 113 , 118 , 130 , 132 , 165 , 220 , 228 , 247 , 256–257 , 261 , 279–280 , 292 , 295 , 298–302 , 313 , 323 , 326 , 328 , 331 , 336
Theory 13 , 48 , 62 , 100–101 , 110–111 , 114 , 137 , 189 , 203 , 220 , 235 , 279 , 293 , 296n , 297–298 , 311 , 345
Theory of mind 311
Theresa of Avila 308
Torah 56 , 62 , 143 , 148–149
Tradition 1 , 4–7 , 13 , 16–19 , 23–24 , 28–40 , 46–47 , 50–52 , 58–60 , 71 , 73–74 , 77 , 81–85 , 90 , 92–93 , 130–131 , 133n , 134–137 , 139–140 , 142–143 , 147–151 , 160 , 173 , 176 , 183 , 188 , 192 , 194 , 207 , 222 , 232 , 235 , 239 , 256–260 , 269 , 272 , 279 , 292 , 297n , 301–302 , 310 , 323 , 325–326 , 329 , 337 , 340
Transcendent 134–136 , 232
Transformation 48 , 74 , 104 , 107 , 119 , 125 , 127 , 132 , 135 , 155 , 171 , 173–174 , 192 , 223 , 233–234 , 262 , 323 , 328–329 , 343
Transmission 2 , 176–177 , 186 , 189–190 , 196
Trauma 138 , 175 , 204
Traumatic 18 , 182 , 204
Traumatised 121 , 148
Tribe 5 , 43 , 268
Typology, typologies 139–140 , 180 , 203 , 295 , 314
Unaffiliated 73 , 200 , 271 , 284 , 287–288
Unbelief 46 , 75–76 , 81 , 83 , 87–88 , 148 , 190 , 220–222 , 259 , 263 , 292–293 , 297 , 299–300 , 307–316
Unemployment 296 , 302
Unitarian Church 300
United Kingdom 60 , 190 , 272 , 299 , 339
United Nations 3
United States 18 , 144 , 187 , 273–274 , 279–280 , 286 , 288 , 294 , 299 , 310
Unorthodox 135 , 257
Value 5 , 21–22 , 36 , 38 , 50 , 61 , 106 , 109–110 , 119 , 139 , 157 , 160 , 185 , 189–190 , 194 , 201–202 , 206–207 , 211 , 220 , 224–227 , 235–236 , 250 , 256 , 263 , 272–273 , 279–280 , 284–287 , 294 , 297n , 302–303 , 313 , 326 , 330–331 , 339
Variables 147 , 249 , 251 , 269 , 279 , 281–282 , 284 , 288 , 297 , 312 , 315
Violence 5 , 28 , 39 , 43 , 93 , 101n , 177 , 204 , 237
Vipassana → Buddhism, Vipassana meditation
Western societies 131 , 270 , 293 , 298
WikiIslam 338 , 340 , 344
Witchcraft 69 , 259
Work (Job) 58 , 87 , 99 , 101 , 122 , 157 , 159 , 236 , 267
World Religions 6 , 13 , 246 , 270
World Values Survey 280 , 284–285
World War ii 3 , 111
Worldview 47 , 120 , 126 , 175–176 , 232 , 242 , 248 , 251 , 258–259 , 262
Youth-Parent Socialization Panel Study 282
YouTube 340 , 342
Zemi 270

Citation Info

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Series:  Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion, Volume: 18
Cover Handbook of Leaving Religion
E-Book ISBN:
9789004331471
Publisher:
Brill
Print Publication Date:
11 Feb 2020

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