Index
9/11 13
,
32
,
35
,
60
,
69
,
117
,
161
,
162
,
180
,
182
,
187
,
188
,
211
Afghanistan 5
,
207
,
208
,
230
Africa 24
,
72
,
96
,
100
,
112
,
199
,
226
,
228
,
265
,
273
,
287
Africanization 10
Aga Khan Foundation 60
,
280
,
290
Ahmad 221
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud 235
al Islah 266
Al Itihad al Islaami 266
Al-Andalus 272 Al Andaluz 12
,
13
Albania 203
,
204
,
206
,
208
Albanophobia 205
al-Qaradawi, Yusuf 94
,
98
,
104
,
234
,
235
Anagnostou, Dia 202
Antoniou, Dimitris 134
Arab 41
,
72
,
107 –109 202
,
226
,
235
,
236
,
253 –258 260 Arabic 147
,
199
,
215
,
216
,
226
,
228
,
234 –239 240 –246 260
,
290
Asad, Talal 91
,
111
Association 1
,
5
,
11
,
34
,
35
,
37
,
38
,
43
,
94
,
105
,
129
,
178
,
199
,
215
,
216
,
217
,
236
,
287
,
289
,
290
asylum seekers 5
,
208
,
219
,
227
,
228
,
232
,
247
,
258
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal 121
attitudes 161 –179 180 –197 228
,
235
,
266
Austria 83
,
88
,
172
,
178
,
228
authenticity 21
,
110
,
111
authority 21
,
39
,
54
,
91
,
92 –111 168
,
169
,
204
,
211
Bahrain 95
Baldwin-Edwards, Martin 116
Balkans 7
,
112
,
116 –119 124
,
199
Bangladesh 10
,
11
,
206
,
209
,
272
,
274
,
275
,
286
Barelwi 12
,
272
,
287
,
288
Basu, Amrita 166
Bayes, Jane H. 173
Bektashi 134
,
204
Belgium 2
,
49
,
178
,
236
Bosnia 5
,
8
Brisman, Shira 251
British Empire 121
,
122
Buddhism 78
Bulgaria 118
,
119
,
132
,
274
burials 35
,
289
Carlbom, Aje 243
Casanova, José 28
,
51
Catholic Church 54 –65 175
,
184
,
187
,
289
centralization 276
,
285
centre/periphery 276
charity 98
,
120
church–state 4
,
24
,
29
,
45
,
49
,
219 state–religion 17
,
18
,
20
,
45 –48 53
,
54
,
56
,
61
,
62
,
64
children 63
,
75
,
81
,
85
,
130
,
135
,
152
,
153
,
176
,
207
,
216
,
226
,
236
,
239 –242 247
,
248
,
255
,
256
,
259
,
260
,
262
,
289
,
290
citizenship 1
,
5
,
8
,
12
,
17
,
19
,
22
,
45
,
65
,
112
,
113
,
116
,
125
,
128 –130 142
,
150
,
152
,
153
,
163 –169 171 –174 179
,
183
,
186
,
199
,
202
,
203
,
219
,
220
,
230
,
291
civil society 16
,
28
,
33
,
43
,
60
,
91
,
102
,
107
,
289
Clogg, Richard 120
,
122
coercive isomorphism 38 –43
colonial legacies 16
,
19
,
24
colonialism 137
,
157
,
282
Concordat 17
,
57
,
58
,
60
,
61
Constantinople 114
,
115
,
119
,
120
constitution 149
,
151
,
162
,
198
,
210
,
272
convert 143
,
148
,
163 converts 6
,
9
,
73
,
137
,
143
,
146
,
149
corporatism 45
,
47
,
48
,
54
,
57
,
58
,
60
Council of Europe 49
Crul, Maurice 171
cultural racism 16
culture 23
,
46
,
60
,
71
,
74
,
85
,
106
,
114
,
115
,
128
,
133
,
135
,
155
,
168
,
169
,
171
,
172
,
173
,
176
,
193
,
194
,
239
,
240
,
245
,
247
,
248
,
251
,
253
,
255
,
258
,
261 –263 267
,
268
,
286
,
287
,
290
,
291
curriculum 12
,
20
,
42
,
70
,
71
,
75
,
79 –86 115
,
186
Cyprus 118
,
128
Denizenship 144
,
149
,
150
Denmark 228
,
230
,
231
,
232
Deobandi 12
,
101
,
217
,
272
,
287
Diaspora 217
,
219
,
225 –229 237 –239 243 –249 251
,
253
,
255
,
256
,
262
,
263
,
265 –268
diasporic community 23
,
225
,
226
,
227
,
282
DiMaggio, Paul 39
Discrimination 58
,
71
,
116
,
128
,
135
,
153
,
154
,
156
,
157
,
174
,
180
,
187
,
188
,
209
,
218
,
219
,
258
,
259
Divani, Lena 122
Diversification 20
,
222
,
283
Diversity 20
,
27
,
30
,
38
,
47
,
48
,
54
,
58
,
61 –63 73
,
78
,
85
,
96
,
102
,
170
,
173
,
182
,
183
,
200
,
201
,
210
,
215
,
216
,
222
,
225
,
255
,
258
,
269 –273 285
,
291
Dublin 8
,
9
,
21
,
55 –66 92 –111 137 –160
Egan, Shekinah 163
,
172
Egypt 201
,
203
,
207
,
212
,
214
,
215
,
235
Espoo 72
,
73
,
77
,
81
Essentialism 139
Esteves, Alina 270
Estonia 228
Ethics 61
,
75
,
76
,
77
ethnic hierarchy 6
ethnicity 7
,
54
,
113
,
116
,
117
,
132
,
134
,
137
,
152
,
162
,
165
,
172
,
182
,
201
,
219
,
220
,
286
,
292
ethno-nationalism 22
,
161
European Council for Fatwa and Research 55
,
94
,
95
,
98
,
104
,
109
European Union 2
,
4
,
27
,
43
,
57
,
162
,
180
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland 75
,
230
Evergeti, Venetia 21
,
198
,
199
Family 21
,
24
,
49
,
77
,
93
,
94
,
101
,
108
,
138
,
139
,
140
,
142
,
143
,
145
,
146
,
147
,
150
,
151
,
154
,
156
,
157
,
188
,
207
,
230
,
232
,
233
,
234
,
236
,
237
,
239
,
247
,
248
,
249
,
251
,
253
,
259
,
262
,
263
,
282
,
292
Federation of Islamic Organisations in Europe 216
Ferrari, Silvio 27
Ferree, Myra M. 167
Fetzer, Joel S. 40
Financial crisis 287
Finnish Security Intelligence Service 31
,
41
,
67
Fonseca, Lucinda 270
former Yugoslavia 5
Fras, Max 177
freedom of religion 5
,
29
,
30
,
75
,
81
,
86
functional differentiation 48
funding 21
,
27
,
37
,
38
,
40
,
43
,
44
,
93
,
97
,
99
,
105
,
212
,
238
,
289
Garbin, David 284
Gastarbeiter 15
Geertz, Clifford 91
Gender 153
,
155
,
161
,
164
,
165
,
168
,
169
,
174
,
175
,
177
,
179
,
244
,
247
,
248
,
263
,
267
,
268
Gerholm, Thomas 14
Globalization 3
,
10
,
137
,
212
,
272
Governance 19
,
28
,
29
,
32
,
33
,
35
,
42
,
56
,
67
,
68
,
70
,
71
,
74
,
77
,
78
,
79
,
83
,
85
,
86
,
87
,
282
Governmentality 16
,
17
Greek Orthodoxy 115
,
119
Grillo, Ralph 15
,
282
Gropas, Ruby 202
Guinea-Bissau 10
,
11
,
182
,
183
,
272
,
274
,
278
,
280
,
281
,
282
,
286
,
287
Gülen movement 98
Habermas, Jürgen 139
Halal 8
,
12
,
287
Halawa, Hussein 55
,
100
,
104
Hatzopoulos, Pavlos 205
Hayes, Brian 170
,
171
,
176
Heiskala, Risto 28
Herbert, David 177
Hierarchy 6
,
71
,
92
,
95
,
102
,
103
,
133
Hijab 144
,
154
,
163
,
166
,
167
,
168
,
169
,
175
,
266
Hindu 58
,
61
,
162
,
195
,
270
,
273
Honneth, Axel 21
,
138
,
139
,
140
,
141
,
152
,
158
Iivonen, Pekka 82
Imams 94
,
95
,
97
,
98
,
99
,
100
,
101
,
102
,
103
,
104
,
105
,
106
,
107
,
108
,
109
,
110
,
148
,
211
,
218
,
290
Immigration 7
,
9
,
10
,
19
,
30
,
31
,
41
,
69
,
107
,
108
,
136
,
137
,
138
,
157
,
163
,
164
,
171
,
172
,
178
,
188
,
195
,
199
,
201
,
208
,
219
,
221
,
227
,
230
,
232
,
235
,
270
,
271
,
272
,
275
,
286
,
289
,
292
inter-religious relations 17
Islamic Community of Lisbon 1
,
11
,
17
,
59
,
60
,
183
,
184
,
282
Islamic Council of Finland 19
,
20
,
27
,
29
,
33
,
34
,
38
,
42
,
70
Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland 55
,
93
,
94
,
95
Islamic education 14
,
16
,
67
,
68
,
70
,
72
,
73
,
81
,
82
,
85
,
86
,
99
,
100
Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq 228
Islamization 13
,
212
Islamophobia 13
,
16
,
19
,
46
,
63
,
137
,
181
,
185
,
197
,
199
,
201
,
211
,
219
,
221
,
235
Isma’ili 10
,
63 Islamili 270
,
280
Jew 118 Jewish 52
,
53
,
61
,
63
,
273
Jordan 228
,
229
,
231
,
235
Kambouri, Neli 205
Karakasidou, Anastasia 113
Kazakhstan 203
Kemalism 125
Khan, Adil Hussain 91 –110
Khiabany, Gholam 170
Kiliç, Sevgi 178
Kindergarten 236
,
242
King Abdullah ii 235
Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 122
Korais, Adamantions 115
Kosovo 5
,
6
Kristeva, Julia 165
Kurdistan 228
Kurds 6
,
127
,
229
Kuru, Ahmet 53
,
65
Kuwait 95
labor market 235
,
241
Larsson, Göran 2
Laurence, Jonathan 47
,
50
,
57
,
61
,
65
Law 5
,
8
,
11
,
17
,
21
,
31
,
40
,
55
,
57
,
58
,
59
,
60
,
71
,
74
,
78
,
100
,
104
,
108
,
118
,
123
,
125
,
127
,
129
,
149
,
151
,
152
,
185
,
201
,
211
,
220
Leadership 21
,
96
,
97
,
99
,
102
,
126
,
146
,
147
,
157
,
185
,
228
legal opportunity structure 74
,
86
legal regulation 4
Ley, David 288
Libya 95
Lisbon 1
,
11
,
17
,
23
,
24
,
58
,
59
,
60
,
65
,
183
,
184
,
185
,
187
,
195
,
269
,
271
,
272
,
273
,
274
,
275
,
276
,
277
,
278
,
279
,
280
,
281
,
282
,
283
,
284
,
285
,
286
,
288
,
289
,
290
,
292
Lithman, Yngve 14
local community 24
,
99
,
104
,
105
,
106
,
153
,
154
,
156
,
157
,
215
,
279
,
286
,
288
,
289
,
290
,
292
local emplacement 270
,
271
,
272
,
282
,
285
Lutheran 4
,
5
,
30
,
72
,
73
,
75
,
76
,
77
,
78
,
80
,
81
,
82
,
87
,
230
Maktoum Foundation 55
,
93
,
94
,
95
,
110
Mamede, Suleiman Valy 60
Maréchal, Brigitte 14
Marginalization 32
,
134
,
181
,
229
,
276
material religion 245
,
246
,
247
,
267
Maussen, Marcel 70
Media 1
,
3
,
12
,
13
,
14
,
22
,
24
,
29
,
34
,
47
,
48
,
66
,
68
,
78
,
108
,
112
,
118
,
148
,
153
,
155 –157 164
,
180
,
181
,
186
,
187
,
195
,
217
Memories 143
,
144
,
246
,
251
,
253
Men 1
,
133
,
167
,
207
,
229
,
233
,
236
,
238
,
245
,
248
,
256
,
257
,
259
,
260
,
261
,
266
Metcalf, Barbara 14
methodological nationalism 3
Michail, Domna 134
Middle East 5
,
7
,
72
,
96
,
103
,
112
,
117
,
225
,
228
Migration 3
,
5
,
8
,
9
,
10
,
15
,
24
,
30
,
34
,
49
,
50
,
55
,
62
,
117
,
126
,
127
,
132
,
180
,
183
,
189
,
197
,
199
,
200
,
203
,
204
,
205
,
207
,
208
,
210
,
218
,
219
,
220
,
221
,
225
,
227
,
231
,
245 –248 267 –278 280
,
287
,
292
Minaret 16
Minkenberg, Michael 49
Minority 5
,
7
,
8
,
11
,
17
,
18
,
20
,
29 –31 35
,
40
,
42 –44 54
,
69
,
71
,
74
,
76
,
81 –83 86
,
112
,
113
,
116 –121 123 –136 157
,
162
,
166 –170 177
,
182
,
183
,
195
,
198
,
199
,
200
,
201
,
202
,
216
,
218
,
220
,
222
,
225
,
236
,
241
,
272
,
275
Misrecognition 22
,
139
,
141
,
142
,
143
,
144
,
146 –157
Morley, David 245
Morocco 10
,
15
,
206
,
272
,
275
Mosque 1
,
6
,
8
,
11
,
12
,
14
,
16
,
21
,
34
,
35
,
37
,
41
,
59
,
60
,
79
,
91
,
93 –110 123
,
129
,
147
,
148
,
149
,
155
,
181
,
184
,
198
,
201
,
211
,
212
,
215
,
216
,
217
,
219
,
221
,
234
,
240
,
242
,
260
,
280 –290
Mouride 15
Mozambique 10
,
17
,
182
,
183
,
184
,
185
,
195
,
272
,
274
,
282
,
291
Mubarak, Hosni 235
Muhammad cartoons controversy 32
,
37
multicultural work 238
,
244
multiculturalism 71
,
85
,
130
,
165
,
170
,
183
,
230
,
238
,
240
,
244
Muslim Brotherhood 97
,
98
,
108
Muslimness 13
,
19
,
181
,
186
national identity 7
,
9
,
13
,
17 –18 21
,
112
,
113 –115 119 –120 161
,
164 –166 169
,
173
,
178
,
204
,
211
national security 31 –33 41
,
68
,
151
nationalism 3
,
7
,
15
,
22
,
43
,
61
,
65
,
113 –114 116
,
130
,
161
,
166 –167 180
,
198
,
204
nationality 6
,
24
,
107
,
113 –114 116
,
129
,
164
,
183
,
185
,
202 –203 206 –207 215 –216 219
,
220
,
271
,
274
,
279
,
292
neighbourhood 102
,
238
,
259
,
270
,
280
,
282 –283 285 –288 292
neoliberalism 24
,
78
Netherlands 2
,
14
,
45
,
49 –50 63
,
69
,
170
,
190 –192 194
,
230
Holland 101
,
236
New Public Management 20
,
28
,
32
,
43
,
78
New Religious Movements 58 –59 63 –64 182
news media 164
ngo 230
,
237 –240 253
Nigeria 100
,
203
,
206
North Africa 7
,
72
,
107
,
238 Africa
Norway 63
,
228
,
230
,
232
Ombudsman for Minorities 35 –37 39 –40 43
Onniselkä, Suaad 84
opportunity structure 29
,
38
,
40
,
71
,
74
,
86 –87
organisation 29
,
116
,
216
civil society organizations 43
,
60
grassroots organizations 108 –109
Islamic organizations 4
,
5
,
10
,
31
,
34 –35 40 –41
mosque organizations 93 –95 97
,
99 –100 107
,
109 –110 147
Muslims organizations 6
,
9
,
29
,
40
,
42
,
69
,
91 –93 97 –98 109
,
111
,
185
,
200
,
217
,
234
,
242
religious organizations 5
,
21
,
28
,
35
,
37
,
113
,
135
,
210
,
216
,
241
representative organizations 20
,
27
,
39
student organizations 107
umbrella organizations 34
,
57
,
95
,
184
,
186
Orthodox 4
,
7
,
18
,
30 –31 42 –43 52 –53 73
,
75 –76 80 –81 113 –115 119
,
122
,
124
,
162
,
170
,
198
,
203 –205 210 –211 216
,
273
Ottoman Empire 3
,
7
,
17 –18 112 –116 118 –121 125
,
135
,
201
,
204
,
218
,
221 –222
outsiders 9
,
91
,
95
,
97
,
106
,
108
,
171
,
253
Pakistan 10 –11 15
,
40
,
59
,
100 –101 104
,
196
,
201
,
205 –209 212
,
215 –217 272
,
274 –275 286 –288
Palestine 208
,
231
,
238 –239
path dependence 33
,
42 –43
persecution 23
,
132
,
227
,
229
,
232 –233 240
,
243
Pires, Sonia 289
plurality 48
,
56
,
58
,
68
,
71
,
77 –78 80
,
135
,
137
,
178
,
287
,
292
Poland 51
,
190 –191 194
Policarpo, José 187
Polis, Adamantia 114
political Islam 50
,
99
political party 7
,
12
,
14 –16 149
,
211
,
230
,
287
political participation 15
,
149
,
292
politics 4
,
19
,
21
,
46 –48 50
,
65
,
96
,
103
,
110
,
117
,
131
,
182
,
199
,
201
,
216
,
219 –221 269
,
283
Pomaks 7
,
127
,
131 –132 133 –135
Popkewitz, Thomas 79
Portugal 1 –2 4 –5 10 –12 17 –18 20
,
22 –24 45 –55 57 –65 113
,
180 –197 270 –276 281 –283 285 –287 289 –291
Portuguese Empire 3
,
10
,
182 –183 188
,
271
post-Cold War 3
,
5
,
29
,
34
Powell, Walter 39
power 21
,
34
,
61 –62 64 –65 79
,
91 –92 95 –96 167
,
179
,
267
,
289
relations 66
,
95
,
165
,
169
,
185
,
197
,
225
structures 21
,
91
,
111
prayer room 6
,
12
,
280 –281 283 –284 286 –287
prejudice 84
,
135
,
180
,
182
,
188
,
190
,
209
,
211 –212 214
,
226
Promey, Sally 251
public authorities 20
,
27
,
35 –36 38 –43 233
,
237
public religion 22
,
161
public schools 6
,
31
,
70
,
162
,
166
,
170 –171 176
,
178
,
241 school
public sphere 13
,
16 –18 21
,
23
,
92
,
153
,
165
,
172
,
175
,
177 –179 186
,
200 –201 210
,
216 –219 222
,
291
Pyykkönen, Miikka 33
,
38
Qatar 95
Quinn, Ruairi 170 –171
quota refugees 5
,
227 –229 refugee
race 117
,
135
,
137
,
155
racialization 16
,
199
racism 2
,
4
,
6
,
12
,
13
,
16
,
24
,
71
,
135
,
155
,
162
,
171
,
175
,
201
,
209
,
219
,
221
,
226
,
258
Račius, Egdūnas 2
radicalisation 17
,
27
,
32
,
42
radio 11
,
187
Rajamäki, Kari 230
recognition 1
,
11
,
19
,
21 –22 30 –31 55
,
62
,
77 –78 91
,
96 –99 110 –111 112
,
120
,
127
,
136
,
137 –154 156 –158 162
,
177
,
181
,
210
,
218 –219 288
refugee 5 –6 8
,
23
,
55
,
72
,
108
,
122
,
124
,
182
,
185
,
195
,
200 –201 203
,
207
,
208
,
219
,
221
,
226 –233 237 –240 244
,
247
,
258
,
262
,
267 quota refugee
regulation 4
,
29
,
30
,
56
,
58
,
65
,
70 –71 77
,
79
,
85
,
123
,
163
,
165
,
170
,
172
,
208
,
248
religion 1 –7 9
,
23
,
28 –33 39
,
41
,
46
,
54
,
56 –57 78
,
85 –87 91 –92 103
,
110
,
112
,
114 –117 120 –123 125 –126 128 –129 132
,
134 –135 137
,
146 –147 151
,
153 –156 161 –162 164 –165 168
,
172
,
174 –179 181
,
204 –205 212
,
219 –221 245
,
247
,
267
,
269 –271 275
,
281
,
285 –287 292
Islamic religion 3
,
7
,
14
,
136
,
144
,
148 –149 153 –154 156
minority religion 20
,
29 –31 42 –44 69
,
71
,
74 –76 81 –83 241
other religions 1
,
30
,
75
,
80
,
82 –83 176
,
273 public religion
religion of intolerance 190
,
192 –193 state-religion relations
religionization 78
religious dialogue 1
,
15
,
49
,
54
,
102
,
186
,
188
,
237
,
239
,
289
,
291
religious diversity 30
,
47 –48 58
,
61 –63 173
,
182 –183 270 –273
religious education 6
,
20 –21 31
,
35
,
42
,
67 –83 86 –88 92
,
99 –100 102 –104 186
,
290
representative council 36 –37
resource mobilization 29
,
38
,
40 –41
re-territorialization 269
Ricoeur, Paul 146
rights 17
,
22
,
30
,
53
,
57
,
74
,
79
,
113
,
121
,
123 –124 126
,
128
,
130 –131 140 –141 165 –166 172
,
210
broadcasting 59
civil 6 –7 144
,
169
,
219 –220 271
human 149
,
151
,
168
,
210
,
232
religious 75
women’s 92
,
164
,
179
Rissanen, Inkeri 85
Roma 7
,
131 –135
Romania 122
Rottman 168
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (rcsi) 8
,
55
,
100
Ruba, Salih 15
Russian Empire 3 –5 29
,
30
,
118
Said, Edward 6
Salafiyya 98
,
100
,
106
,
266
Saudi Arabia 95
,
100 –101 108
,
228
,
266
Schattschneider, Elmer 47
Schneider, Jens 171
school 8
,
20
,
35
,
42
,
56 –57 67 –68 70 –88 115
,
120
,
123
,
125 –128 130
,
163
,
167 –169 175 –177 227
,
236 –242 260
,
266
,
280 –281 290 –291 public schools
sectarianism 23
,
104
,
108 –109 226 –227 231
,
233 –238 240
,
242 –244
sectarianization 226
secularization 4
,
12
,
15
,
19
,
24
,
30
,
51
,
53
,
56 –57 64
,
77
,
86 –87 131
,
134
,
161
,
170
,
175 –178 181
,
211
,
228
,
233
,
235 –237 239
,
243
,
272
,
284
securitization 17
,
19
,
29
,
31 –33 38
,
41 –43 67 –69 117
,
150 –152 182
,
234
Senegal 10
,
15
,
206 –207 272
,
274 –275 Africa
sensory culture 251
,
268
service provision 288
Shahid al Mihrab Organization 228
,
235
Shi‘a 11
,
79
,
84
,
100
,
109
,
217
silence 22 –23 181
,
192
,
196
,
242
silencing 23
,
240
,
244
Skoulariki, Athena 202
social capital 28
,
60
,
181
,
195
,
197
,
255
,
270
,
272
,
286
,
289
social fragmentation 23
Somalia 5
,
6
,
23
,
72
,
77
,
206 –207 228
,
245 –247 258 –268
Soper, J. Christopher 40
South Africa 8
,
55
,
100 Africa
South Asia 5
,
7
,
9
,
55
,
59
,
96
,
98
,
100 –101 103 –104 107
,
182
,
198
,
202
,
207
,
216
,
272
Soviet Union 5
,
31
,
41
,
199
space 8
,
14 –15 17
,
23 –24 46
,
101
,
105
,
107
,
117
,
157 –158 188
,
204
,
214 –219 225
,
227
,
234
,
243
,
245
,
256
,
259 –261 263
,
266 –268 270 –272 282 –283 285
,
287 –288 291 –292
public space 11
,
19
,
215
,
217
,
225
,
227
,
233
,
236
private space 245 –246 251 –253 258
,
269
,
284
Spain 12
,
45
,
49 –50 63
,
220
spatiality 23
,
269
,
270 –271 275
,
288
,
292
state autonomy 48
state–religion relations 17 –18 20
,
45 –48 53 –56 61 –65
statistics 5
,
59
,
117
,
190
,
200 –209
stereotypes 135
,
155
,
188
,
214
Stevens, Lorna 166
stigmatization 108
,
133
student 8
,
10 –11 17
,
55
,
74 –76 80
,
100
,
107
,
128
,
154
,
177
,
201
,
247
,
272
,
282
subjectivity 13
,
161
Sub-Saharan Africa 5 Africa
suburb 11
,
23
,
225
,
227 –230 234
,
237 –238 240
,
243
,
275 –290
suburbanisation 276
Sudan 23
,
206
,
246 –258 266 –268
Sufism 104
,
106
,
264
,
266
,
272
,
287
neo-Sufi 217
Sunni 5 –6 10 –11 18
,
21
,
58
,
60
,
84
,
100
,
109
,
134
,
137 –138 148
,
157
,
182
,
184
,
228
,
233 –236 239
,
242
,
270 –272 283
,
287 –288
Sweden 4
,
30
,
226
,
228
,
230 –232
Switzerland 45
,
49
,
63
,
125
symbol 23
,
64
,
91
,
110
,
161
,
167 –168 172 –177 186
,
234
,
236
,
243
,
245
,
249 –257 262
,
267 –268 284
Syria 201
,
203
,
206 –209 228 –229 231
,
239
Tablighi Jamaat 16
,
98
,
217
,
272
,
287 –288
Tampere 5
,
67 –68 80
,
86 –87
Tariqa 12
Tatar 4 –6 30
,
69
,
72
,
75
,
80
,
118
television 11
,
102
,
187
,
234
,
237
,
260
terrorism 4
,
17
,
27
,
32
,
35
,
41 –42 95
,
117
,
151
,
171
,
191 –196 199
,
211
counterterrorism 67
war on terror 4
,
187
Thrace 7 –8 17
,
21
,
112 –114 116
,
118 –136 201 –203 220 –221
Tiesler, Nina Clara 22
,
180
,
272
,
288
Tohidi, Nayereh 173
translocal 15
transnational religious movements 15
transnationalism 15 –19 49 –50 55
,
94
,
97
,
103
,
200 –201 215
,
217 –219 222
,
225 –226 240
,
247
,
269
,
290
,
292
Treaty of Lausanne 7
,
119 –131 136
Triandafyllidou, Anna 219
Troubeta, Sevasti 221
Turkey 5 –7 15
,
18
,
21
,
72
,
113 –136 175
,
185 –186 199
,
201
,
203 –208 211
,
214
,
218 –219 221
,
228
Turkoman 229
Turku 227
,
229
,
233 –242
Tweed, Thomas A. 23
,
256
,
258
,
267
‘ulama 97
,
100
,
102 –103 106 scholars (religious)
umma 16
,
96
,
219
,
260
unhcr 5
,
227 –229 231 –232
United Kingdom 2
,
14
,
45
,
63
,
69
,
161
,
170
,
178 –179 190
urbanization 30
,
125
,
133
,
225
,
269 –270 275
,
280
,
282 –284 288
,
290 –291
Uzbekistan 203
Vakil, AbdoolKarim 59
,
60
,
285
Vanhanen, Matti 230
veil 16
,
22
,
161 –179 214 hijab
Vietnam 227
violence 23
,
188
,
190
,
218
,
227 –228 231 –235 237
,
240
,
243
Wahhabi 100
,
266
war on terror 4
,
187 terrorism
Watt, Philip 175
Werbner, Pnina 285
Werdmolder, Hans 174
Williamson, Milly 170
women 1
,
12
,
23
,
92
,
107
,
109
,
133
,
143 –144 146 –147 154
,
162 –179 187 –188 207
,
211
,
216
,
233
,
238
,
245 –268 284
,
288
World War i 119
,
135
World War ii 3
,
41
,
126
,
204
worship 23
,
98
,
201
,
205
,
215 –216 269 –271 278
,
280 –288 291 –292
Yuval-Davis, Nira 165
,
174
Zapata-Barrero, Ricard 220