General Notes on the Indices

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General Notes on the Indices

In: Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change (2 vols)

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Sebastian Günther

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General Notes on the Indices

The indices consist of (1) Index of Proper Names, (2) Index of Geographical Names and Toponyms, (3) Index of Book Titles and Other Texts, (4) Index of Scriptural References, (5) Ḥadīth Index, and (6) Index of Topics and Keywords.

The Index of Proper Names is organized according to the name by which a figure is commonly known, with cross references as necessary. It includes the names of mortal figures (incl. Prophets and Biblical characters).

The Index of Geographical Names and Toponyms lists earthly places as well as (educational) institutions and other organizations. Otherworldly locations (e.g., paradise and hell) appear in the Index of Topics and Keywords.

The Index of Book Titles and Other Texts includes book titles and texts in their original language as well as manuscripts, followed by the author (wherever possible).

The Index of Scriptural References lists all references to specific Quranic verses and Biblical verses. More general discussions of topics in the Quran and the Bible appear in the Index of Topics and Keywords.

The Ḥadīth Index includes the topics related in a specific prophetic tradition, while discussions relating to the science of ḥadīth (e.g., transmission of, scholars of, literature on) appear in the Index of Topics and Keywords under “ḥadīth.”

Finally, apart from keywords and topics, the Index of Topics and Keywords includes the names of groups of people (e.g. ʿAbbasids, Muʿtazilites), angels and other “beings” (e.g., God, Dionysos, Hārūt and Mārūt, or jinn) as well as non-earthly places. When texts are mentioned in relation to such a figure, these are cited in the index by the original titles only.

The following general criteria apply to all indices. Some cross-references (“see”/“see also”) may refer to both entries in the same index or, in some cases, to entries in one of the other indices. For example, certain entries in the Index of Topics and Keywords refer to individuals in the Index of Proper Names as well as to titles of works in the Index of Book Titles and Other Texts. Page references in bold type indicate passages in which the subject of the entry was covered in more detail. The sorting rules are: the Arabic definite article “al-” (and “l-” respectively) was neglected at the beginning of names. It was also neglected when following “Ibn”, “ʿAbd” or “Abū”, or Kitāb, “b.”, ayn (ʿ) and hamza (ʾ). Letter-by-letter sorting follows the Brill standard, ignoring any spaces and punctuation.

Some more specific notes are given at the beginning of each index.

Index of Proper Names

This index includes the names of mortal figures (incl. Prophets and Biblical characters). The names of groups of people (e.g. ʿAbbasids, Muʿtazilites), angels and other “beings” (e.g., God, Dionysos, Hārūt and Mārūt, or jinn) have been listed in the Index of Topics and Keywords.

The following rules for sorting medieval Arabic names have been applied:

Persons whose names start with “Abū” are sorted under “Abū”
Persons whose names start with “ʿAbd/ʿAbdallāh” are sorted under “ʿAbd/ʿAbdallāh”
Persons most known by their father’s given name are sorted under “Ibn”
If persons are not subject to the sorting rules mentioned under 1–3 they are sorted by their given names, unless the last component of the name indicates a place or tribal name (beginning with a definite article “al-” or “l-” and ending with “i” or “y”). In the latter case sorting is on the place/tribal element.
Exception: if authors have referred to a person by another name element consistently or if a person is more known by another name, sorting has been done under that name. In these cases cross-references have been made.
Neglected in sorting:
1. “al-” and “l-” at beginning of names and following “Ibn”, “ʿAbd” or “Abū”
2. “b.” – always
3. ayn (ʿ) and hamza (ʾ) – always

Aaron 862n54

al-ʿAbbādānī, Ṭāhir 677

al-ʿAbbāsī, Dāwūd b. ʿAlī 137

al-ʿAbbāsī, Ḥasan, Āthār al-uwal fī tartīb al-duwal 752

ʿAbdallāh b. al-ʿAbbās (d. 68/687) 774, 790

ʿAbdallāh b. al-ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ 132

ʿAbdallāh al-Maʿṣūmī 578

ʿAbdallāh b. al-Thāmir 333

ʿAbdallāh b. al-Zubayr (d. 73/692) 101, 102, 103, 104, 132

ʿAbdallah b. Dhakwān see Abū l-Zinād

ʿAbdallāh b. Ibāḍ al-Murrī al-Tamīmī see Ibn Ibāḍ

ʿAbdallah b. Jaʿfar 126n42

ʿAbdallāh b. Jaʿfar b. Aḥmad b. Fāris (d. 346/957), Ḥadīth 927

ʿAbdallah b. Kathīr b. Zādhān b. Fayrūzān see Ibn Kathīr al-Makkī

ʿAbdallāh b. Marwān (son of Marwān II, Umayyad caliph) 685

ʿAbdallāh b. Masʿūd (Ibn Masʿūd, d. 32/652–653) 123n19, 509n104, 516–517, 530

ʿAbdallāh b. ʿUmar 132

Musnad 914

ʿAbdallāh b. Yazīd al-Fazārī see [al-]Fazārī, ʿAbdallāh b. Yazīd

ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Baghdādī 428

ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Mutawakkil II see al-Mutawakkil II

ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿUthmān al-Qabīṣī (4th/10th c.) 611

ʿAbd al-Bāsiṭ al-ʿAlmawī, Tanbīh al-ṭālib wa-irshād al-dāris 10

ʿAbd al-Bāsiṭ al-Malaṭī (d. 920/515) 754

Abdel Haleem, M.A.S. 849n1

ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-Nābulusī 996

ʿAbd al-Ghannī b. Ibrāhīm b. Aḥmad al-Birmāwī (d. 856/1452) 932

ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd b. ʿIsā l-Khusrawshāhī (d. 652/1254) 583n8

ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd b. Yaḥyā al-Kātib (d. 132/750) 533, 533n83, 701n101, 706

Risāla (Letter to the crown prince) 685–686, 689n23–24, 690n24, 692n40, 693n51, 694, 695, 696–697, 698n80, 699, 700, 701n101, 702n104,n107, 703–704, 706, 707, 708

ʿAbd b. Ḥumayd, Musnad 909

ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Mutanabbī (5th/11th c.) 468

ʿAbd al-Jalīl Qazwīnī see Qazwīnī, ʿAbd al-Jalīl

ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Burujurdī 798n2

ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Hawāzin al-Qushayrī see [al-]Qushayrī, ʿAbū l-Qāsīm

ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī 462, 594n57

Futūḥ al-waqt 733

ʿAbd al-Laṭīf b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Fāsī (d. 822/1419) 932–933

ʿAbd al-Malik b. Abjar al-Kinānī 137

ʿAbd al-Malik b. ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-Malik 923

ʿAbd al-Malik al-Juwaynī see al-Juwaynī, ʿAbd al-Malik

ʿAbd al-Malik b. Ḥabīb (d. 238/852) 467

ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān (Umayyad caliph, r. 685–705 CE) 123n23, 126n46, 132, 136, 138, 139

ʿAbd al-Malik (son of Umar II) 773n12

ʿAbd al-Munʿim (Almohad caliph, r. 527–558/1147–1163) 287

ʿAbd al-Qādir b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. al-Muʿaẓẓam al-Ayyūbī 909

ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Baghdādī (d. 429/1037) 750

ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlī (d. 561/1166) 728n42

ʿAbd al-Qādir b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Fāsī (d. 827/1423) 932–933

ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Baghdādī, Kitāb al-Asmāʾ wa-l-ṣifāt 995n51

ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Abū Naṣr al-Qushayrī see [al-]Qushayrī, ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Abū Naṣr

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī l-Zinād 139

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ʿĀʾisha (d. 1998) 850

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Kātib, Abū Yaḥyā b. Yaḥyā b. Saʿd al-Anbārī 135, 138

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Rāmahurmuzī (d. 360/971), al-Muḥaddith al-fāṣil bayna l-rāwī wa-l-wāʿī 420, 438

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf 377

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Darrāj 135, 137

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Ibn Khaldūn see Ibn Khaldūn

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Jāmī see [al-]Jāmī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (d. 898/1492)

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Makhlūf 922n98

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Rustam b. Bahrām al-Fārisī (d. 168/784–785 or 171/788) 775n26

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (son of Muʿādh b. Jabal) 357

ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Kāshānī 985

ʿAbd al-Razzāq b. Hammām al-Ṣanʿānī 856n35

ʿAbd al-Salām al-Laqānī (d. 1078/1668) 993, 994

ʿAbd al-Salām b. Dāwūd b. ʿUthmān al-Maqdisī (d. 850/1446) 932

ʿAbd Shams (subject of song performed by Ibn ʿĀʾisha to al-Walīd) 891

Abdulsater, H. 815

Aben Tofail see Ibn Ṭufayl

al-Abharī, Athīr al-Dīn (d. 663/1264) 622

Hidāyat al-ḥikma 839–840

Isagoge 466

Abiad, M. 12

ʿAbid b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzza 70

al-Ābī, al-Fāḍil (alive 672/1274) 808, 810–811, 810n53

Kashf al-rumūz 810, 810n53, 811n54

Abraham 72, 320, 326, 327–328, 335, 336, 340, 395, 522, 749, 862, 862n54

Abraham’s Covenant 323, 327, 331, 343

Abraham Ecchellensis (Ibrāhīm al-Ḥāqilānī, d. 1664 CE), Semita sapientiae, sive ad scientias comparandas methodus 8–9

Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh b. Hārūn al-Rashīd see al-Maʾmūn

Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. ʿAbdallāh, Naẓm al-jawāhir fī l-alfāẓ 451

Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad al-Ḥajjār see [al-]Ḥajjār, Aḥmad b. Abī Ṭalib

Abū l-ʿAbbās b. ʿAṭāʾ see Ibn ʿAṭāʾ

Abū l-Abbās […] Ibn Maslama al-Umawī see Ibn Maslama

Abū l-ʿAbbās Maʾmūn b. Maʾmūn (Maʾmūnid ruler, r. 399–408/1009–1017) 568, 575

Abū l-ʿAbbās b. Surayj see Ibn Surayj

Abū ʿAbdallāh al-Ḥasan b. Ḥāmid (d. 403/1014) 676

Abū ʿAbdallāh al-Ḥusayn b. al-Mubārak al-Zabīdī see Ibn al-Zabīdī

Abū ʿAbdallāh al-Qāsim b. al-Faḍl b. Aḥmad al-Thaqafī (d. 489–1096), al-Thaqafiyyāt 926

Abū ʿAbdallāh b. Ismāʿīl al-Maḥāmilī (d. 330/941), Amālī 926, 926n146

Abū ʿAbdallāh (missionary) 398–399n23

Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad al-Mujallī b. ʿAlī al-Jazarī 439

Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. ʿAnbasa 577

Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd b. al-Najjār (d. 643/1245) 916

Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā al-Jurjānī (d. 398/1009) 676

Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Muḥammad b. Abī Yaddās al-Birzālī (d. 739/1338) 922

Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī see [al-]Sulamī, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān

Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥimyarī (d. 641/1244) 468

Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Ḥimyarī al-Istijī (d. after 641/1244), Raqm al-ḥulal fī naẓm al-jumal 456n44

Abū Aḥmad al-ʿAzīzī (wazīr, r. 291–295/904–908 CE) 337

Abū Aḥmad al-Mūsawī (d. 396/1005) 826

Abū l-ʿAlāʾ al-Farḍī (d. 700/1300) 930

Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad b. Muḥammad Miskawayh see Miskawayh

Abū ʿAlī al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. al-Mahdī 438

Abū ʿAlī al-Daqqāq (d. 405/1015 or 412/1021) 249

Abū ʿAlī al-Fārisī see [al-]Fārisī, Abū ʿAlī

Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan b. Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm b. Shaddān (d. 426/1034) 914

Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad b. al-Ṣabbāḥ al-Zaʿfarānī (d. 369/979), Musnad Ṣuhayb 927

Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-Bakrī (d. 656/1258), al-Arbaʿūn al-buldāniyya 927

Abū ʿAlī al-Khāzin (“the Custodian”) see Miskawayh

Abū ʿAlī al-Tanūkhī (d. 384/994) 15

Abū ʿAlī al-Wasfī (d. 645/1247) 428, 429, 429n35

Abū ʿAlī Fārmadī (d. 477/1084) 415

Abū ʿAlī Ḥasan b. ʿAlī al-Jīlī 577

Abū ʿAlī Maʾmūn b. Muḥammad (Maʾmūnid ruler, r. 385–387/995–997) 568

Abū ʿAlī Rizq Allāh b. Ibrāhīm b. Abī ʿAlī al-Wasfī 436

Abū ʿAmr al-Maghāzilī 577

Abū ʿAmr (ḥadīth transmitter) 858

Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad b. ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAziz al-Kashshī (d. 367/987) 821n15, 823

Abū ʿAmr ʿUthmān b. Muḥammad al-Samarqandī (d. 345/956) 909, 913

Abū l-Aswad al-Duʾalī 134

Abū Ayyūb Wāʾil b. Ayyūb al-Ḥaḍramī (d. ca. 190/805–806) 776n29

Abū Bakr b. Abī Shayba (d. 235/849), Musnad 928

Abū Bakr Aḥmad al-Bayhaqī see [al-]Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Ḥusayn

Abū Bakr al-Bazzār (d. 292/905), Musnad 928

Abū Bakr al-Khallāl see [al-]Khallāl

Abū Bakr al-Muʿtaḍid bi-llāh see [al-]Muʿtaḍid bi-llāh

Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Jaṣṣāṣ (Hanafi scholar, d. 370/981) 673

Abū Bakr al-Shāfiʿī see [al-]Shāfiʿī, Abū Bakr

Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq (Rashidūn caliph, r. 632–634 CE) 228, 232, 324, 354, 363, 367, 373, 375, 376, 377, 786n94, 908

Abū Bakr (ḥadīth transmitter) 857n35

Abū Bakr Ibn al-Anbārī see Ibn al-Anbārī, Abū Bakr

Abū Bakr Kamāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī see al-Suyuṭī, Abū Bakr Kamāl al-Dīn

Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbdallāh b. Muḥammad al-Baghawī (d. 317/929), Muʿjam al-ṣaḥāba 928

Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh al-Jawzaqī (d. 388/998), al-Muttafaq 928

Abū Bakr b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Mizzī see [al-]Mizzī, Abū Bakr b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān

Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir (d. 580/1184) 468

Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Zakarīyyāʾ al-Rāzī see Muḥammad b. Zakarīyyāʾ, Abū Bakr al-Rāzī

Abū Bakr Muḥammad (son of al-Dhahabī) 426

Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir (d. 580/1184) 469

Abū l-Barakāt Ibn al-Anbārī see Ibn al-Anbārī, Abū l-Barakāt

Abū Bishr Mattā (d. 329/940) 186n3

Abū Dāwūd (d. 275/889), Sunan 58, 638n4, 839

Abū l-Faḍl b. ʿAsākir 925

Abū l-Faḍl Bayhaqī see Bayhaqī, Abū l-Faḍl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn

Abū Faḍl Masʿūd b. Saʿīd al-Nīlī (d. 5th/11th c.) 620

Abū l-Faḍl Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm al-Juʿfī al-Ṣābūnī see [al-]Ṣābūnī, Abū l-Faḍl Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm al-Juʿfī

Abū l-Faḍl Muḥammad b. al-ʿAbbās Ibn al-Mahdī (d. 444/1052) 439, 440, 444

Abū l-Faḍl Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir (d. 507/1113), Fawāʾid 926

Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. al-Zaʿbub 946

Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī see [al-]Iṣfahāni, Abū al-Faraj

Abū l-Faraj Ibn Hindū see Ibn Hindū, Abū l-Faraj

Abū l-Fatḥ Aḥmad (son of al-Dhahabī) 426

Abū l-Futūḥ 828

Abū Ḥafṣ b. al-Haytham 927

Abū Ḥafṣ al-Nasafī see [al-]Nasafī, Abū Ḥafṣ

Abū Ḥafṣ Sirāj al-Dīn al-Bulqīnī see [al-]Bulqīnī, Abū Ḥafṣ Sirāj al-Dīn

Abū l-Ḥajjāj Yūsuf b. al-Zakī ʿAbd al-Rahmān b. Yūsuf al-Kalbī al-Quḍāʾī see [al-]Mizzī, Jamāl al-Dīn

Abū Ḥāmid al-Isfarāʾīnī (d. 406/1017) 677

Abū Ḥāmid al-Qudsī see [al-]Qudsī, Abū Ḥāmid

Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān (d. 150/767) 58, 129, 490, 675n22, 822, 991

al-Fiqh al-akbar 994, 997

Abū l-Ḥaram al-Qalānisī (d. 765/1364) 925

Abū Hāritha b. al-ʿAlqama 334

Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAbd al-Ghāfir b. Ismāʿīl al-Fārisī see al-Fārisī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAbd al-Ghāfir b. Ismāʿīl

Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Abū Ibrāhīm Muḥammad b. Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan b. Abī Zuhra (fl. 9th/14th c.) 829, 839

Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan al-Khilaʿī (d. 492/1098), al-Khilaʿiyyat 926, 926n143

Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Ḥumayd b. ʿAlī al-Dhuhalī (d. 452/1060), Muwāfaqāt 927

Abū l-Ḥasan al-Kharkī (d. 340/952) 675n22

Abū l-Ḥasan al-Māwardī see [al-]Māwardī

Abū l-Ḥasan al-Ṭāliqānī (d. 457/1065) 677

Abū l-Ḥasan l-Ashaʿrī see [al-]Ashaʿrī, Abū l-Ḥasan

Abū l-Haydhām al-ʿUqaylī (d. after 300/913) 451n22

Abū Ḥayyān al-Gharnāṭī (d. 745/1345) 458, 468

Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī see [al-]Tawḥīdī, Abū Ḥayyān

Abū Hurayra b. al-Dhahabī 946, 952, 954

Abū Hurayra (hadīth transmitter, d. 59/678) 908

Abū l-Ḥusayn b. Aybak see Ibn Aybak

Abū l-Ḥusayn Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh b. al-Ḥusayn al-Daqqāq al-Baghdādī (Ibn Akhī Mīmī, d. 390/999) 926, 926n142

Abū Idrīs al-Khawlānī see [al-]Khawlānī, Abū Idrīs

Abū ʿĪsā al-Madīnī (d. 581/1185) 441

Abū Isḥāq al-Ḥabbāl (d. 482/1089) 381

Abū Isḥāq al-Shīrāzī, ʿAqīda 995n51

Abū Isḥāq al-Tanukhī see [al-]Tanukhī, Abū Isḥāq

Abū Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Sarī see [al-]Zajjāj

Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhim b. Aḥmad b. al-Ḥasan see [al-]Qirmisīnī

Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Aḥmad al-Marwazī see [al-]Marwazī, Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm b. Aḥmad

Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad b. al-Azhar al-Ṣarīfīnī see al-Ṣarīfīnī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad b. al-Azhar

Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Yaḥyā al-Zarqālī see [al-]Zarqālī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Yaḥyā

Abū Isḥāq Ibn Wādiʿ 285

Abū Ismāʿīl Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh al-Azdī al-Baṣrī see [al-]Azdī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh

Abū l-ʿIzz ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Muḥammad 427n30

Abū Jaʿfar see [al-]Bāqir, Muḥammad

Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad al-Ṭaḥāwī see [al-]Ṭaḥāwī, Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad

Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr see [al-]Manṣūr, Abū Jaʿfar

Abū Jaʿfar al-Muṣḥafī 451

Abū Jaʿfar al-Naḥḥās (d. 338/950) 453, 458, 467

Abū Jaʿfar al-Ṭabarī see [al-]Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Jarīr b. Yazīd

Abū Jaʿfar b. Hārūn al-Tarjālī (d. 575/1180) 284–285

Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Qibā al-Rāzī see Ibn Qibā al-Rāzī

Abū l-Jahm, Juzʾ 909

Abu Kalijar Marzubān see Ṣamṣām al-Dawla

Abū l-Khaṭṭāb ʿAbd al-Aʿlā b. al-Samḥ al-Maʿāfirī (d. 144/761) 775n26

Abū l-Khaṭṭāb (d. ca. 93/712) see ʿUmar b. Abī Rabīʿa

Abū l-Khayr b. al-ʿAlāʾī 946, 952, 954

Abū l-Khayr b. al-Ṭālaqānī, Maḥajjat al-ḥaqq wa-munjā al-khalq 995n51

Abū l-Khayr Khummār (d. 441/1049) 575, 576, 585, 585n20,n23, 586, 587, 593

Abū l-Maḥāsin Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf Ibn Taghrībirdī see Ibn Taghrībirdī

Abū Manṣūr ʿAbd al-Qāhir b. Ṭāhir al-Baghdādī see [al-]Baghdādī, Abū Manṣūr ʿAbd al-Qāhir b. Ṭāhir

Abū Manṣūr al-Thaʿālibī see [al-]Thaʿālibī Abū Manṣūr

Abū Mansūr b. al-Wakīl 927

Abū Mansūr al-Ḥasan b. Nūḥ al-Qumrī 583n8

Abū Mawdūd Ḥājib b. Mawdūd al-Ṭāʾī al-Azdī (d. before 158/775) 776n29

Abū Maymūna (mawlā of Umm Salama) 127

Abū Mūʿāwiya al-Naḥwī, Shaybān b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān 137

Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥalabī 924

Abū Muḥammad b. ʿAsākir 914, 946

Abū Muḥammad b. Bālawayh (d. 410/1019) 926

Abū Muḥammad Jābir b. Aflāḥ (d. mid 6th/12th c.) 285n72

Abū Muḥammad Qāsim al-Ḥarīrī see [al-]Ḥarīrī, Abū Muḥammad Qāsim

Abū l-Muḥsin Muḥammad Bāqir, Maqāmāt 478, 479

Abū Murra (“the Devil”, priest-king Kinyras) 896

Abū Mūsā al-Madīnī see [al-]Madīnī, Abū Mūsā

Abū Muṣʿab az-Zuhrī al-Madanī (d. 242/856) 927

Abū Muzāḥim Ibn Khāqān see Ibn Khāqān, Abū Muzāḥim Mūsā b. ʿUbaydallāh

Abū Naṣr Aḥmad b. Ḥātim al-Bāhilī see [al-]Bāhilī, Abū Naṣr Aḥmad b. Ḥātim

Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī see [al-]Fārābī, Abū Naṣr

Abū Naṣr al-Sarrāj 249

Abū Naṣr b. al-Shirāzī (ḥadīth scholar) 914, 946

Abū Naṣr Fīrūz Khārshādh see Bahāʾ al-Dawla

Abū Naṣr Hasnajānī 835

Abū Naṣr Manṣūr b. ʿIrāq (member of Khwarazmian royal family) 574, 576, 577, 578

Abū l-Nūn Yūnus b. Ibrāhīm al-Dabbūsī see [al-]Dabbūsī, Abū l-Nūn Yūnus b. Ibrāhīm

Abū Nuwās (poet) 893

Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbdallāh b. Muḥammad Qāshānī see Qāshānī, Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbdallāh b. Muḥammad

Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbd Raḥmān b. Isḥāq see [al-]Zajjājī

Abū l-Qāsim b. Abī Ṣādiq 620

Abū l-Qāsim ʿAlī b. Aḥmad al-Bahdādī al-Bandār see Ibn al-Busrī

Abū l-Qāsim al-Khiraqī (d. 333/945 or 334/946), al-Mukhtaṣar 399n23

Abū l-Qāsim al-Shāṭibī (d. 783/1381) see [al-]Shāṭibī, Abū l-Qāsim

Abū l-Qāsim b. Firruh al-Shāṭibī (d. 590/1194) see [al-]Shāṭibī, Abū l-Qāsim b. Firruh

Abū l-Qāsim Ismāʿīl b. ʿAbbād see Ṣāḥib b. ʿAbbād

Abū l-Qāsim al-Khallāf 927

Abū l-Qāsim Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī see [al-]Zamakhsharī, Abū l-Qāsim Maḥmud b. ʿUmar

Abū l-Qāsim b. Masʿūd, Risāla-yi Bahāʾyya 478

Abū l-Qāsim al-Nisābūrī, al-Kāfī fī l-ʿiqd al-ṣāfī 995n51

Abū Rashīd Mubashshir b. Aḥmad b. al-Rāzī al-Baghdādī (d. 589/1193) 625

Abū l-Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī see al-Bīrūnī, Abū l-Rayḥān

Abū Saʿd Manṣūr ibn al-Ḥusayn (d. 421/1030), Nathr al-durr 502

Abū Sahl ʿAbd al-Munʿim b. ʿAlī b. Nūḥ al-Tiflīsī 576

Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (d. 405/1014) 574

Abū Sahl ʿĪsā b. Yaḥyā al-Masīḥī (teacher of Ibn Sīnā) 577, 583n8

Abū Sahl Masīḥī (d. 401/1011) 575

Abū Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad b. Yūnus b. ʿAbd al-Aʿlā, Tārīkh Miṣr 928

Abū Saʿīd b. Abī l-Khayr al-Mayhanī 477

Abū Saʿīd al-Anbārī al-Naḥwī see [al-]Anbārī al-Naḥwī, Abū Saʿīd

Abū Saʿīd al-Naqqāsh (d. 414/1023), Amālī 927

Abū Saʿīd al-Sizjī (d. 411/1020) 578

Abū Saʿīd Ibn Lubb see Ibn Lubb al-Thaʿlabī al-Andalusī, Abū Saʿīd Faraj ibn Qāsim ibn Aḥmad

Abū l-Shaʿthāʾ al-Baṣrī 130

Abū l-Shaʿthāʾ Jābir b. Zayd al-Azdī (d. ca. 93/712) 774

Abū Shujāʿ Aḥmad al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mukhtaṣar 908–909

Abussuʿūd (d. 983/1574) 987

Abū Sufyān Maḥbūb b. al-Ruḥayl (d. ca. 230/844–845) 775

Abū Sufyān (mawlā of Ibn Jaḥsh) 127

Abū Sufyān, Sakhr ibn Ḥarb ibn Umayya ibn ʿAbd Shams (Meccan leader and merchant, d. 32/653) 376n55

Abū Sulaymān al-Manṭiqī (d. c. 380/990) 203, 204

Abū Sulaymān al-Sijistānī see [al-]Sijistānī, Abū Sulaymān

Abū Ṭāhir Khavātūnī 826

Abū l-Ṭāhir Muḥammmad b. Aḥmad b. Naṣr al-Dhuhalī (d. 367/977), Fawāʿid 927

Abū l-Ṭayyib al-Baghdādī 592n51

Abū l-Ṭayyib al-Lughawī (d. 351/962) 453, 467

Abū Ṭayyib al-Washshāʾ see [al-]Washshāʾ, Abū Ṭayyib

Abū l-Ṭayyib al-Ṭabarī 677

Abū ʿUbayda b. al-Jarrāḥ 354, 357, 358, 377

Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim b. Sallām (d. 224/838), Faḍāʾil al-Qurʾān al-ʿazīm 928

Abū ʿUbayda, Muḥammad b. ʿAmmār b. Yāsir 137

Abū ʿUbayda Muslim b. Abī Karīma al-Tamīmī (d. before 158/775) 774, 774n17–18, 776, 776n29, 777, 782, 788, 789, 790

Abū ʿUmar b. Mahdī 926

Abū ʿUthmān al-Dimashiqī 207, 209

Abū ʿUthmān al-Jāḥiẓ see [al-]Jāḥiẓ, Abū ʿUthmān

Abū l-Wafāʾ al-Būzjānī (d. 388/998) 574, 576–577, 577, 621

Abū l-Wafā (commentator of al-Juwaynī’s Luma ʿ al-adilla) 995n51

Abū Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī see al-Kulaynī, Abū Yaʿqūb

Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf (Almohad ruler, r. 558–580/1163–1184) 285

Abū Zayd al-Balkhī (d. 322/934), Naẓm al-Qurʿān 450–451

Abū Zayd, Naṣr Ḥāmid (d. 2010) 77

Abū l-Zinād (ʿAbdallah b. Dhakwān) 131, 134n121, 138, 139

Adam 81, 87, 90, 342, 365, 391n8, 660–661, 831

Adamson, P. 14

ʿAdnān 366, 382

ʿAḍud al-Dawla (Fannā Khusraw, Buyid emir, r. 949–983) 573, 673, 823

Aelius Aristides 590

Aesop (d. 546 BCE) 594n56

Affes, H. 14

al-Aflākī, Shams al-Dīn 298n2, 299, 301, 310

Afsaruddin, A. xvi

Ahlwardt, W. 459, 471

Aḥmad b. Abī Ṭālib al-Ḥajjār see [al-]Ḥajjār, Aḥmad b. Abī Ṭālib

Aḥmad al-Ḥakim bi-Amr Allāh II see [al-]Ḥākim II

Aḥmad b. Būyeh see Muʿizz al-Dawla

Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal see Ibn Ḥanbal

Aḥmad b. Mufarrij b. ʿAlī see Ibn Maslama

Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Rabbih (d. 328/940) 467

Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Saʿīd al-Ḥadād (d. 500/1106) 926, 926n144

Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. ʿIrāq (ruler of Kāth) 577

Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb b. Miskawayh see Miskawayh

Aḥmad b. Saʿīd b. ʿUmar al-Ṣūfī 912

Aḥmad Sanjar (Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire, r. 1118–1157 CE) 687

Aḥmad b. Yūsuf Ibn al-Dāya (d. ca. 341/952) 611

Ahmed, L. 941

Ahmed, M. 637–638n1

Ahraman 135

ʿĀʾisha bt. ʿAbd al-Hādī (d. 816/1413) 913

ʿĀʾisha bt. Abī Bakr (wife of the Prophet, d. 57/676) 134, 330, 874n25, 908

ʿĀʾisha al-ʿAjamiyya (Khātūn) 953

ʿĀʾisha bt. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī 948, 955–956, 956

ʿĀʾisha al-Maqdisiyya 909

ʿĀʾisha bt. Ibrāhīm b. Khalīl b. ʿAbdallāh 910

ʿĀʾisha bt. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Hādī 915–916, 946n26

al-Ājurrī, al-Arbaʿūn 909

al-Akfānī, Hibatallāh 912

al-Akhḍarī (d. 953/1546) 466

ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār 479

ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Kayqubād I (Seljuq ruler of Anatolia, r. 616–634/1219–1236) 299

ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad (Khwārazm-Shāh ruler, r. 596–617/1200–1220) 299

ʿAlam al-Hudā see [al-]Murtaḍā, al-Sharīf

al-ʿAlāʾ b. Wahab 135

Alboacen see [al-]Māwardī

Alexander of Aphrodisias 1005, 1006

Alexander the Great (King of Macedon, r. 336–323 BC) 533

Alexander of Tralles 601n105

Alexander of Villedieu 464

Doctrinale 452, 464

Alexander VI (pope, r. 1492–1503 CE) 747

Alhazen see Ibn al-Haytham

ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (Rashidūn caliph/1st Twelver Imam, r. 656–661) 52, 88, 207, 377, 397, 530, 655, 780n58, 820n6, 827

Kitāb al-Diyāt 820

Kitāb Jafr ʿAlī/Kitāb al-Jafr al-aʿẓam 820

ʿAlī Akbar Dihkhudā 476

ʿAlī b. al-Faḍl b. Rawāḥa 923

ʿAlī b. al-Jahm (d. 249/863) 467

ʿAlī al-Māwardī see [al-]Māwardī

ʿAlī b. Būyeh see ʿImād al-Dawla

Alif (female scion to al-Bulqīnī family) 911–912

ʿAlī al-Hādī see al-Hādī

ʿAlī Ibn Abī l-Rijāl see Ibn Abī l-Rijāl al-Kātib al-Shaybānī Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī

ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā 337

ʿAlī b. Jābir al-Dabbāj (d. 646/1248–1249) 468

al-ʿAlī, Nūr al-Dīn 22n26

ʿAlī al-Riḍā (8th Twelver Imam, d. 202/818) 824, 841

Ali, S.M. 15

al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī (d. 726/1325) 800, 805n32, 811–814, 836, 838, 839–840, 985

education of 839–840

Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa 811, 811n55, 813, 813n66

Muntahā al-maṭlab 811, 811n55

Tadkhkirat al-fuqahāʾ 811, 811n55

Taḥrīr al-aḥkām 811, 811n55

Allen, R. 518

ʿAlqama b. ʿAbada al-Tamīmī (pre-Islamic poet, fl. 6th c.) 880n75

ʿAlqama b. Abī ʿAlqama (mawlā of ʿĀʾisha, d. 742/1340) 134

Amāʾim (Sittīta bt. al-ʿAlam Ṣāliḥ b. al-Sirāj) 953

al-Aʿmash, Sulaymān b. Mahrān (d. 148/765) 128

Amat al-Khāliq bt. al-Zayn ʿAbd al-Laṭīf b. Ṣadaqa 956

Amat al-Raḥīm bt. Muḥammad al-Yūnīniyya (d. 739/1328) 908

Amat al-Khāliq bt. ʿAbd al-Laṭīf 916

al-Amawī, Aḥmad […] b. al-Mufarrij 437

ʿAmīd al-Dīn (d. 680–1282) 839

al-Āmidī, al-Burhān 949

al-Āmidī, Sayf al Dīn (d. 631/1233) 618, 995

al-ʿĀmilī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn (d. 1031/1622) 626, 628tab., 830n53, 840n35

al-ʿĀmilī, Zayn al-Dīn (fl. 10th–16th c.) xi

Āmina bt. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Maqdisiyya 931

Āmina bt. al-Ṣadr Aḥmad b. al-Badr 946, 954

al-Amīn (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 809–813) 640, 641

Āmina (daughter of Shams Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh al-Qāhirī) 954

Āmina bt. Nāṣir al-Dīn Abī l-Fatḥ 954

ʿĀmir b. ʿAbd al-Qays 126n46

al-ʿĀmirī, Abū l-Ḥasan (d. 381/992) 203

Amir-Moezzi, M.A. 825

ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ 380

ʿAmr b. Dīnar (d. 126/743), Ḥadīth 926

al-Amshāṭī, al-Jamāl 746

Āmulī, Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd 838

Anas b. Mālik (d. 93/712) 129, 135, 526

al-Anbārī al-Naḥwī, Abū Saʿīd 457, 469

al-Andalusī, Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. ʿAlī b. Yūsuf b. Ḥayyan 923n126

Andrae, T. 318

al-Anmāṭī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh b.ʿAlī 926, 926n147

Anna (mother of Mary in Christian tradition) 862–863

Ansari, H. 17

ʿAntara (poet, d. 608 CE) 69

Apollonius, Conics 626

Aquinas, Thomas see Thomas Aquinas

al-ʿArabī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn see Ibn al-ʿArabī

Arberry, A.J. 654n50

Archimedes (d. 121 BC) 625

Ardashīr 207

ʿArīb (singing-girl) 887, 889–890, 891, 892, 893–894, 895n149

Aristarchus (d. ca. 230 BC) 625

Aristotle (d. 322 BC) 92, 168n59, 170n65, 178, 179, 260, 390, 452, 612, 677, 688n22, 730n49, 871, 1003

De anima 150, 150n9, 154n17, 164, 164n50, 165, 172, 173n75, 208–209

Arabic translations of works 44, 187n3

Categories 208, 212

on communication by animals 154, 154n17

completeness of knowledge and 148, 148n6, 149n7

onstitution concept (politeia) 321, 322, 341, 348

The epistles of Aristotle to Alexander 136

al-Fārābī and 148, 154, 159, 186–187, 1006

Ibn Rushd and 276

on intellect 190n17

De interpretatione 165, 172

letters of 533

on logic 181, 592

Metaphysics 284n70

Miskawayh and 207, 208–209, 212, 213, 216

on music 878, 879, 880

Nicomachean ethics 208, 212, 216, 287, 397n22

Organon 149n7, 461

Poetics 49, 461

Politics 879, 880

Posterior analytics 157, 157–158, 157n24, 158, 158n29, 168n60–61, 169n62

on proof 161–162, 161n37,n39–40

refutations of 594, 594n57, 602n113

Republic 397n22

on senses/sense date (pathēmata) 150, 150n9, 165, 165n52, 171n69, 172n7, 173, 180

on the soul 397n22, 1005

Syriac Christianity and 347–348

on truth 601, 601n105

Arjomand, S.A. 331n62

Arkoun, M. 205

Armstrong, L.R. 101n13

Arnold, T.W. 11

Arzachel see al-Zarqālī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Yaḥyā

al-Asad, Nasir al-Din 67

al-Aṣfar 378

al-Ashaʿrī, Abū l-Ḥasan (d. 324/935) 268n29, 990

al-Ashraf Shaʿbān (Mamluk sultan, r. 1363–1377 CE) 911, 949

Ashtīyānī, ʿAbbās Iqbāl, Faḍāʾil al-anām 22n26

Āṣim (ḥadīth transmitter) 858, 865

Āsiya bt. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Dimashiqiyya 910

ʿAsjadī (poet) 576

al-ʿAskarī, al-Ḥasan (11th Twelver Imam, d. 260/874) 822, 822n16

Asmāʾ bt. ʿAbdallāh b. Muḥammad 956

al-Aṣmaʿī (grammarian) 893

Asmāʾ bt. Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl b. ʿAlī 954

Asmāʾ bt. Yaʿqūb 931

al-ʿAsqalānī, Khadīja bt. Ibrāhīm 931

al-ʿAsqalānī, Rābiʿa bt. Ibn Ḥajar 914, 946, 952

Aswad, Sulaymān see Negri, Salomon

ʿAṭāʾ b. Rabāḥ (d. 114/732) 128, 129, 131

Aṭfaiyash, Muhammad b. Yūsuf (d. 1914) 790n114

Athamina, Khalil 67

Athenaeus of Naucratis (after 192 CE), The Deipnosophistae 520

ʿAṭṭār Nīshāpurī (Farīd al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm) 302

Manṭiq al-ṭayr 301, 301n25

al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib (b. 1931) 31, 1001–1011

on adab 1004, 1006–1007, 1008–1009, 1010

on Arabic language 1003, 1009–1010

The concept of education in Islam 13, 1001, 1002, 1002n3

“Islam, science and knowledge” 1006n38

Islam, secularism and the philosophy of the future 1002

Islam and securalism 1002n3

on knowledge (ʿilm) and (moral) action 1005, 1009

“Preliminary thoughts on the nature of knowledge and the definition and aims of education” 1002n3

Prolegomena to the metaphysics of Islam 1002

on the soul 1005

on tafsīr 1005

on truth 1005

Autolycus of Pitane (d. ca. 290 BC) 625

Avempace see Ibn Bājja

Avenzoar see Ibn Zuhr

Averroes see Ibn Rushd

Avicenna see Ibn Sīnā

al-Awzāʿī 129

ʿAyn al-Quḍāt 22n26

Ayyūb 207

al-Azdī, ʿAmr b. Ṭufayl 366

al-Azdī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh, Futūḥ al-Shām 23–24, 354–383

ʿAzīza bt. Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (Hājir bt. Muḥammad) 948, 954–955, 955n59

al-Azmeh, A. 685, 685n4

ʿAzza (Arab singing-girl, fl. 7th c. CE) 874, 884, 901

ʿAzzūz, Juhūd 924n131

Babai the Great (abbot, d. ca. 628 CE) 113–114

al-Bābartī, Akmal al-Dīn 985, 986

Badawi, Abderrahman 208

Badr al-Dīn Ibn Ḥabīb 745

Badr al-Dīn Ibn Jamāʿa (d. 733/1333) 751

al-Baghdādī, Abū Manṣūr ʿAbd al-Qāhir b. Ṭāhir (d. 429/1037), al-Takmila fī l-ḥisāb 620

al-Baghdādī, Aḥmad b. ʿAbdallāh see Ḥabash al-Ḥāsib

al-Baghdādī, al-Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad (d. 600/1204) 468

al-Baghdādī, ʿIzz ʿAbd al-Salām 746

al-Baghdādī, al-Khaṭīb (d. 463/1070) 441–443, 908, 934–935

Tārīkh Baghdād 489n2, 490

Bahāʾ al-Dawla (Abū Naṣr Fīrūz Khārshādh, Buyid emir, r. 988–1012 CE) 673, 826

Bahāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī see Ibn al-Jumayyizī al-Shafiʿī

Bahāʾ al-Dīn Ibn al-Naḥḥās (d. 698/1299) 458, 468, 470

Bahāʾ al-Dīn Naqshband (d. 791/1389) 477, 478, 479

Bahāʾ al-Dīn Zuhayr b. Muḥammad (al-Bahāʾ al-Zuhayr, d. 656/1258) 948

Bahāʾ-i Walad (Sulṭān al-ʿUlamaʾ Bahāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Ḥusayn, d. 1231 CE) 299

Bāhān (commander) 356, 357, 378

al-Bāhilī, Abū Naṣr Aḥmad b. Ḥātim (d. 241/846) 451

al-Bahnasī (d. 685/1286), Muthallat 455

Bahram Gūr (Sasanid shah, r. 420–438 CE) 875

Bahya ben Arba, Shulhan Shel Arba 522

al-Bajdī, Zaynab bt. Muḥammad 931

al-Bājī, Jamāl al-Dīn ʿAbdallāh 909

Bakar, O. 13

Bakhtiyar see ʿIzz al-Dawla

al-Bakkāʾī (Ziyād ibn ʿAbd Allāh, ḥadīth transmitter, d. 183/799 CE) 325

al-Bakkī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Taḥrīr al-maṭālib fī sharḥ ʿaqīdat Ibn al-Ḥājib 995n51

al-Baʿlabakkī, Umm al-Khayr Fāṭima bt. Ibrāhim b. Muḥammad b. Jawhar (d. 711/1311) 910, 912

al-Bālisī, Sitt al-ʿIrāq bt. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 867–1462) 933

Balkhī, Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad see Rūmī, Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad

al-Balkhī, Shaqīq 249

Banesius, Joseph 10

Banī Yāsīn, Yūsuf 357

al-Bāqir, Muḥammad (5th Twelver Imam, d. 113/732 or 117/735) 820–822, 820n4

Baqlī, Rūzbihān (d. 606/1209) 658

Barakat Khātun (mother of Sultān al-Ashraf Shaʿbān, d. 774/1372) 911, 949

Bārbad (singing-girl) 875

Bar Hebraeus (d. 1286 CE) 461

Tārīkh 378

al-Bārizī, Nāṣir al-Dīn Muḥammad b. (d. 823/1420) 757n95

al-Bārkhazī (d. 467/1075) 454, 468, 469

al-Barmakī, Muḥammad Ibn al-Jahm 1003

al-Barqī (scholar) 822

Barqūq (Mamluk sultan, r. 1382–1399 CE) 967

Barsbāy (Mamluk sultan, r. 1422–1438 CE) 968

Barthes, R. 850

Bartolomeo Vicentino, Liber tertius de informatione regiœ prolis 707n141

Bashshār b. Burd 893

Basil of Caesarea (d. 379) 877

al-Baṣrī, al-Ḥasan (d. 110/728) 52, 129, 132, 133, 135

al-Baṣrī, ʿUmar 927

al-Baṭalyawsī (d. 521/1127) 468

Baumstark, A. 472

Bayāḍī-zāde (d. 1098/1687) 994

Ishārāt al-marām 994

Baybars al-Jāshinkīr (Baybars II, Mamluk sultan) 752, 755

Baybars (al-Ẓāhir Baybars, Mamluk sultan, r. 657–676/1260–1277) 743, 744–745, 748n47, 755, 758, 760, 967

al-Bayḍāwī, Nāsir al-Dīn Abū l-Khayr ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿUmar (d. 685/1286) 984, 995

refutations of 993, 996

Ṭawāliʿ al-anwār 987, 996

Bāyezīd II (Ottoman sultan, r. 885–918/1481–1512) 988

al-Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Ḥusayn (d. 458/1066)

Arbaʿūn (ḥadīth, “Forty Traditions”) 927

Dalāʾil al-Nubuwwa 948

Bayhaqī, Abū l-Faḍl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn (d. 470/1077), Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī (Ghasnavid chronicle) 476, 483

al-Bayhaqī, Ẓāhir al-Dīn Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Zayd (d. 565/1169–1170) 611

al-Bayhaqī, Ẓāhir al-Dīn Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Zayd (d. 565/1169), Tatimmat Ṣiwān al-ḥikma 619

al-Baysarī, Āqqush b. ʿAbdallāh (d. 699/1299) 971

al-Bazantī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Abī Naṣr 809

Bechtold, J. 957n67

Beda Venerabilis (“the Venerable Bede”, d. 736 CE) xi–xii, 20, 108, 109

Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum 107, 108, 110

Behzadi, L. 15

Bejczy, I.P. 690n25

Belambri, A. 13

Bencheneb, M. 492, 500

Benjamin, W. 94

Berechiah Ha-Nakdan, Mishle Shuʿalim 552n45

Berkey, J. 13, 499n56, 761, 910, 911, 955n59

Bernards, M. 355n6

Berque, J. 895n144

Biesterfeldt, H.H. 14

Bilawhar (“the ascetic”) 541

Bilbān (teacher of Maryam al-Adhriʿiyya) 936n2212

Billeh, V. 15

al-Biqāʾī, Abū l-Ḥasan Ibrāhīm (d. 885/1480) 955–956

Birgivī Meḥmed Efendī 992

al-Birjandī, Niẓām al-Dīn (d. ca. 931/1525) 626, 628tab., 630tab.

al-Bīrūnī, Abū l-Rayḥān (d. 440/1048) xi, 26, 615

biography 567–569

Canon Masʿudicus 569

career 568, 574–575

education (in times) of 569–578

study on India 568, 576

al-Birzālī, ʿAlam al-Dīn al-Qāsim b. Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Muḥammad (d. 665/1266) 428, 429, 429n33, 430, 432n41

al-Mashyakha l-Baghdādiyya 428–431

Bishr b. Marwān 139

Black, D.L. 175n83

Boethius (d. 524 CE) 876

Boiko, K. 12

Bollnow, O.F. 116

Bonebakker, S.A. 518

Bosworth, C. Ed. 687

Böwering, G. 518, 648, 655–657

Bowersock, G. 68

Bowman, J. 318

Boyce, M. 875

Brandes, J.-D. 964

Brann, R. 549

Bray, J. 15

Brentjes, S. 17, 18, 27

Brockelmann, C. 454n32,n35, 455n39, 458n53, 466n91, 918

Brown, P. 68

Brumberg-Kraus, J. 522

al-Brusāwī, Ismāʿīl Ḥaqqī (d. 1137/1725), Rūḥ al-bayān 524n32

Bryson 207, 214, 218

Oikonomikos 208, 209

al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad (d. 256/870) 103, 358n33, 944

al-ʿIlal 928

Ṣaḥīḥ 839, 885, 909, 910, 916, 917, 929, 936n221, 946, 947

al-Tamyīz 928

Bukhārī, Muḥammad Pārsā see Pārsā

Bulliet, R. 932

al-Bulqīnī, Sirāj al-Dīn Abū Ḥafṣ al-Kinānī ʿUmar b. Raslān b. Naṣīr b. Ṣāliḥ (d. 805/1403) 911, 933, 949

al-Bundārī, Qiwām al-Dīn Fatḥ b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Iṣfahānī 732

Bürgel, J.C. 581n1, 582n5, 584n14

Bushr (ḥadīth transmitter) 856n35

Buzlār (vice-regent of Syria, d. 791/1388) 971

Buzurjmihr (d. 580s CE) 532n78

Caedmon (fl. ca. 657–684)

Caedmon’s Call 106–107, 108, 109

Hymn 20

Caesar (Roman statesman, r. 49–44 BC) 375

Caetani, L. 356

Cain, H.-U. 877

Calders i Artís, T. 540n4

Campsall, S. 850n5

Carlyle, T. (d. 1881) 91

Caskel, W. 358n33

al-Chaghmīnī, Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad (7th/13th c.), Mulakhkhaṣ fī ʿilm al-hayʾa 627, 631

Chamberlain, M. 13, 626, 759

Charles II the Bald (Roman emperor, r. 875–877 CE) 687n15

Chingis Khan (Mongol emperor, r. 1206–1227 CE) 722

Chodkiewicz, M. 662n80

Chosroes I (Sasanid ruler, r. 531–579 CE) 531–532, 531n77, 532n78, 569–570

Christine de Pizan (d. 1429) 707n141

Chrysostomos (d. 407 CE) 877, 885

Cobb, P. 749

Conrad, Lawrence I. 356, 357

Constantine the Great (Roman emperor, r. 306–337 CE) 379

Constantinus Africanus (d. before 1089/1099 CE) 7

Constantius Chlorus (Constantius the Pale, d. 306 CE) 379

Cook, B.J. 15

Cooperson, M. 671

Corbin, H. 407

Crone, P. 639, 772

Csikszentmihalny, M. 874

Cusanus (Nicholas of Cusa, d. 1464) xii, 21, 226–228, 226n6–7, 229, 233, 236, 238

Cuypers, Michel 322, 323

al-Dabbūsī, Abū l-Nūn Yūnus b. Ibrāhīm (d. 729/1328) 925, 926, 929, 930

Ḥadīth 927

Khamsa min sjuyūkh al-Dabbūsī 927

Muʿjam 926, 929

al-Daghūlī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥman, Asmāʾ al-ṣaḥāba 928

al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Muzāḥim 132

al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Qays (d. 102/720) 122

Daiber, H. 16, 31

al-Dalāl (effeminate) 893, 894

Dallal, A.S. 16, 264

al-Damīrī, Muḥammad 749

al-Dānī, Abū ʿAmr al-Andalūsī 464

Danishpazuh, Muhammad Taqi 830

Dante Alighieri (d. 1321 CE), Banquet 520

Dapiera, R. Meshullam 558n63

al-Daqūqī, Najm al-Dīn 427, 427n30, 428

al-Darīmī, Abū Dāwūd (d. 255/869) 516–517

Darling, L.T. 684

David Kimḥi 539, 557

David (King of Israel, r. ca. 1010–970 BC) 550

al-Dawānī, Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Asʿad 988, 992, 995

refutations of 996

al-Daylamī, Sallār (Ḥamza b.ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, d. 447/1056 or 463/1070) 825

Decker, D. 16

Decter, J.P. 547n27

De Goeje, M. 356, 356n10

Dehghani, Farsani, Y. 23

De Sacy, S. 378

al-Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. ʿUthmān (d. 748/1348) 132, 425–426, 657, 745, 908, 912, 915, 916, 921–922, 922n102, 947

Muʿjam 922, 922n98

Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ 922

Tārīkh al-Islām 425n24

Dhū l-Nūn al-Miṣrī 646, 654n48, 658

Dickinson, 417n3, 419n14, 422n20

Dioscorides 591n47, 602

Herbs 591n47

Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn Abū l-Riḍā 828

Djebbar, A. 610, 627

Dodge, B. 11

Donatus (d. ca. 380 CE), Ars minor 452, 460

Donner, Fred 317–318, 319, 320, 335

Drijvers, J.W. 13

Drory, R. 547n27

Dubreucq, A. 686n12, 689n23

Durand de Champagne, Speculum Dominarum 707n141

al-Durunjār (commander) 378

Eickelmann, D.F. 833n73

Einstein, A. 200, 200n1

Elchasai (Jewish-gnostic prophet) 105

El Cheikh, N. 357

Elijah (prophet) 529

El Jamouhi, Y. xvii, 18

Empedocles (d. 434 BC) 461, 880

Endor, Witch of 402

Endress, G. 15

Engel, H. 871, 874, 879n63, 881n78, 888, 896

Ennāmi, ʿA.K. (d. ca. 1986) 772, 774n17, 788n106

Ephorus Cumaeus 590n44

Ephrat, D. 14

Ernst, C. 654n50, 659n67

Esau 378

Euclid 625

Elements 611, 612, 613–614, 622, 623, 626

Eudo the Great (Duke of Aquitania, d. 735 CE) 108

Euripides 889

The Bacchae 876, 877, 884

Eusebius of Caesaraea 452

Eutychius (d. 328/939), Naẓm al-jawhar 451

Eve 87, 521–522, 707n142

al-Fāḍil al-Ābī see al-Ābī, al-Fāḍil

Faḍl b. Shādhān (d. 260/873–874) 809, 822

Faḍl (singing-girl) 890, 891

Fahd, Badrī Muḥammad 733, 733n70

Fakhr al-Dawla (Buyid vizier, r. 365–387/976–997) 573, 574

Fanārī, Mollā see Mollā Fanārī

al-Fandalāʾī, Yūsuf b. Zūnās, ʿUmdat al-ʿaqāʾid wa-l-fawāʾid 995n51

Fannā (Panāh) Khusraw see ʿAdud al-Dawla

al-Fārābī, Abū Naṣr (d. 339/950) xi, 31, 225, 584, 584n14, 588, 641, 730

on adab 1007–1008

education of 641

on epistemology/epistemology of teaching 20–21, 147–151, 162, 164, 165–166, 176–177, 178, 179, 181, 1004–1005

epistemological hierarchy/classification of sciences 13, 186–198, 571

Falsafat Aflāṭun 147, 148n4, 168n61

Falsafat Arisṭūṭālīs 148n3–4, 148n7

al-Ghazālī v. 151, 178, 571

Kitāb al-Burhān 151, 152, 156–164, 166–177, 168n58,n61, 169–170n63–66, 170, 173n73,n76, 174n78, 175n84,n86, 180, 181n101

Kitāb al-Ḥurūf 148

Kitāb Iḥsāʾ al-ʿulūm 8, 461

Kitāb al-Mūsiqā al-kabīr 149n7, 162, 173n74, 176n87

on knowledge (ʿilm) and moral action 1006–1007

Mabādiʾ ārāʾ ahl al-madīna al-fāḍila 147n3, 1004, 1007, 1008

on music/ṭarab 872n6, 874, 880, 899

on “perfect State” 1008

Risāla fī l-ʿaql 173n73, 182n102

on self-education 178, 1007

Sharāʾiṭ al-yaqīn 163n46, 175n83

Siyāsa madaniyya 182n103

sources of inspiration 186–187, 190n17

al-Fārābī, Burhān al-Dīn Abū Ibrāhīm Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm al-Lughawī (d. ca. 350/961) 453, 467

al-Farāhīdī, al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb see [al-]Rabī b. Ḥabīb al-Farāhīdī

al-Farazdaq (poet) 129

al-Farghānī (astronomer, d. ca. 247/861) 572

Farīd al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm see ʿAṭṭār Nishāpūrī

Farīda (singing-girl) 892

al-Fārisī, Abū ʿAlī (d. 377/987) 469

Īḍāḥ 455, 457, 462, 468

al-Takmila 455, 457, 462, 468

al-Fārisī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAbd al-Ghāfir b. Ismāʿīl (d. 529/1134), Tārīkh Nīsābūr (Intikhāb) 619, 620

al-Fārisī, Salmān (d. 36/656) 327, 489n3

Farqad al-Sabakhī 133

al-Farrāʾ 469

Maʿānī l-Qurʾān 459

Farrukhī (poet) 576

Farrūkh b. Tīrī 138

Fāṭima bt. ʿAbd al-Dāʾim 931

Fāṭima bt. ʿAbdallāh b. Muḥammad 944–945

Fāṭima bt. al-ʿIzz Ibrāhīm b. Qudāma 931

Fāṭima al-Maʿṣūma 828

Fāṭima (daughter of Khalīl b. ʿAlī al-Khorastānī) 945

Fātima bt. Fakhrāwar 931

Fāṭima bt. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Hādī 914, 946

Faymiyūn (preacher and ascetic) 333

al-Fazārī, ʿAbdallāh b. Yazīd (d. 176–198/754–813) 467, 776, 776n29

Ferdinand IV (King of Castile and Léon, r. 1295–1312 CE) 688

Fierro, M. 14, 277n55

al-Firdawsī (poet, d. 411/1020) 576, 673

Shah-nameh 531–532

Fleischer, E. 552n45, 560

Fowden, G. 68, 685n4

Francesca, E. 777n36

Frank, D. 287

Frank, R. 265n12

Frye, N. 85, 92–93

Fück, J. 5–6, 5n10

Gabrieli, F. 518

Gacek, Adam 13, 612

Gaiser, A. 772, 773, 785, 787, 790

Galen (Jālīnūs, d. ca. 210 CE) 44, 135, 207, 397n22, 583–603, 585n17, 592n51, 594n57, 596n67,n70, 599n91, 602n113, 603n115

Ad glauconem 586, 598, 598n84

Akhlāq al-nafs 208

De anatomicis administrationibus 598n84

Ars medica 586, 587n29

De compositione medicamentorum per genera 598n84

De crisibus 601, 601n100

De demonstratione 587n29

De diebus decretoriis 598n84

education of 595–596

De elementis secundum Hippocratem 595n63

Galenian “Sixteen” 27, 585–587, 592, 593, 598–599

Kitāb al-Ḥathth ʿalā l-ṣināʿāt 588–589, 588n34–35

De libris propriis 586n23, 595n63

De methodo medendi (Ḥīlat al-bur) 598n84, 601, 601n100

De naturalibus facultatibus 598n84

De optimo medico cognoscendo 590n44

De ordine librorum suorum 586n23, 587n29, 593

De ossibus 586n23

De placitis Hippocratis et Platonis 596

De propriorum animi cuiuslibet affectuum dignotione et curatione 593n56

Protrepticus 589–590, 589n35

De pulsibus ad tirones 586, 586n23

De sectis 586, 586n23, 594, 594n58

Secundum locos 598n84

De simplicium medicamentorum temperamentis 598n84

Galland, A., Les mille et une nuits 9

Garcin, J-C. 760

Gardiner, N. 16

Gaudefroy-Demombynes, M. 758

Geber see Jābir b. Ḥayyān

Geiger, A. 319

Gemeinhardt, P. 17

Gerhard of Cremona (d. 1187 CE), De scientiis 8

Ghadāʾirī (poet) 576

al-Ghanīmī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammed 995n51

al-Ghanī, Sharaf al-Dīn ʿAbdallāh b. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAbdallāh b. ʿAbd 909

al-Gharīḍ (musician, d. 1st decade 2nd/8th c.) 882, 885, 897

al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid (d. 505/1111) 13, 21–23, 151, 260, 262–264, 303, 641n16, 697, 751, 895n144, 984, 1002

Ayyuhā l-walad 11, 22, 22n26, 244–245, 246, 247, 248, 252, 256n40

on beauty 240

Bidāyat al-hidāya 17

classification of sciences by 571, 995, 996

on divine names 225–226, 230–233

on elementary education 491n12, 495n36

on ethics 275–276

Faḍāʾiḥ al-Bātiniyya 481–482

Faḍāʾil al-anām min rasāʾil Ḥujjat al-Islām (correspondence) 22n26

al-Fārābī v. 151, 178, 571

Fayṣal al-tafriqa bayna l-Islam wa-l-zandaqa 274n43

Ibn Rushd v. 260–262, 277–281, 280n59, 282, 286, 288, 290–293

Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn 234–235, 238, 263, 270, 275, 288, 481–482, 491n12, 643n28, 663, 664n83, 994, 995, 996

Iljām al-ʿawāmm ʿan ʿilm al-kalām 995n51

Kimiyāʾ al-saʿāda 995n51

Kitāb al-Arbaʿīn 252

Kitāb al-ʿIlm 178n92, 263n11

on learned ignorance 21, 226–229, 231, 232, 233–234, 236, 238, 239, 240

on learning companionship 248–250

on learning knowledge 247–248

on learning the reality of prophecy 250–258

on learning religion/faith 246–247, 258–259

on light of God 236–238

on logic 267–269, 728n41, 984, 995

on love of God 238–240

Lubāb al-ḥikma al-ilāhiyya 995n51

al-Maʿārif al-ʿaqliyya 995n51

Maqāṣid al-falāsifa 266n18, 272

al-Maqṣad al-asnā fī sharḥ asmāʾ Allāh al-ḥusnā 230, 236, 237, 995n51

on mathematics 270–272

on metaphysics 269–270

Mishkāt al-anwār 236, 237, 240, 412n37, 995n51

Miʿyār al-ʿilm 229

Mizān al-ʿamal 539n3

on monism 236–238

on monotheism 234–236

al-Mufaṣṣaḥ ʿan al-aḥwāl 995n51

al-Munqidh min al-ḍalāl 22–23, 229, 244–246, 253, 254–255, 261, 263–272, 275–276, 279, 280, 286, 995

Naṣīḥat al-mulūk 7, 687, 690–691, 692, 693n50,n52, 694, 695, 696n67–68, 697, 697n75–76, 698, 699n83, 700, 701, 702–703, 704, 705

path of learning religion 245–259, 263

on philosophical and theological terminology 1003

on philosophy 266–267, 995

on physics 272–274

on political sciences 274–275

reception of 277n55–56

al-Risāla al-qudsiyya 997

Scales of justice 539

sources of inspiration 178, 214, 224–225

Tahāfut al-falāsifa 272

on theology 264–265

Zād-i ākhirat 17

al-Ghazālī, Aḥmad (d. 520/1126) xi

ʿAyniyya (letter) 22n26

al-Ghaznawī, Majdūd b. Ādam see Sanāʾī

Ghusūn bt. ʿAlī l-Nūwayriyya (d. 855/1451) 933

Giladi, A. 491

Giles of Rome, De regimine principum 688n22

Gilgamesh (King of Uruk, r. between 2800–2500 BC) 86

Gilliot, C. 16–17, 67, 638

Gimaret, D. 541n10

Gīwargīs I (Patriarch of the Church of the East, r. 661–680 CE) 116–117

Glubb, J.B. 964, 965

Gobillot, G. 321, 338

Goldziher, I. 11, 101n13, 489, 489n4, 493, 495, 495n32, 571, 772

Gowhar Shād (wife of Shāh Rukh, d. 861/1457) 841

Griffith, S. 318–319, 321, 323, 335, 347

Grohmann, A. 11

Guillaume, A. 324, 328, 334

Guiscard, R. (d. 1085) 7

Günther, S. xi, 14, 17–18, 22–23, 223, 355, 571, 640, 664n83

Gutas, D. 12

Guth, S. 519

Gwynne, R.W. 322, 338, 340

Haarmann, U. 494, 758n102, 964, 965, 966

Ḥabāba (singing-girl) 870, 892

Ḥabash al-Ḥāsib (Aḥmad b. ʿAbdallāh al-Baghdādī, d. 293/906) 572

Ḥabashī, Ḥasan 930n183

Habermann, A.M. 540n4

Ḥabība bt. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Maqdisiyya 931

Ḥabīb b. Abī Thābīt (d. 119/737) 133

Ḥabība bt. Zayn al-Dīn 913

al-Hādī (10th Twelver Imam, d. 254/868) 822n16

Ḥāfiẓ Abrū (d. 833/1431), Zubdat al-tawārīkh 479

al-Ḥāfiẓ, Abū Bakr b. Mardawayh 927

Ḥafṣa bt. ʿUbayd 931

Ḥafṣa bt. ʿUmar (d. 41/661) 908

Hājir bt. Muḥammad (ʿAzīza bt. Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz) 948, 954–955, 955n59

al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf 127, 133, 137, 138, 139, 495, 857n35

al-Ḥajjār, Aḥmad b. Abī Ṭālib (Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad al-Ḥajjār, d. 730/1329) 909, 916, 929, 930, 946

Ḥajjī Khalīfa see Kātib Çelebi

al-Ḥakam II (Umayyad caliph of Cordoba, r. 961–976 CE) 573

al-Ḥakam b. ʿUtba (d. 114/732) 130, 132

al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh (Fatimid caliph, r. 996–1021 CE) 595n64

al-Ḥākim I (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 660–701/1262–1302) 744–745, 760

al-Ḥākim II (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 741–753/1341–1352) 745, 746, 755–756

al-Hakkārī, Dunya bt. Yūsuf 931

al-Ḥalabī, Aḥmad b. Abī Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad 923, 924

al-Ḥalabī, Aḥmad Ibn Abī Ghānim 431

al-Ḥalabī, Ibrāhīm 991–992

al-Ḥalabī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh b. ʿAlī b. Zuhra 838n93

al-Ḥalabī, Quṭb al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Karīm (d. 735/1335) 922, 923, 930

al-Ḥalabī, Taqī al-Dīn b. al-Najm 825

Ḥalīma bt. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad 951

Halkin, A.S. 539n3

Hallaq, W. 675n22, 747, 752

Halm, H. 13–14

al-Hamadānī, ʿAyn al-Quḍāt (d. 525/1131) 22n26

al-Hamadhānī, Badīʿ al-Zamān (d. 398/1008) 202

al-Ḥamawī, al-ʿIzz b. al-Ḍiyāʾ 745

al-Ḥamawī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar 922n98

al-Ḥammād b. Abī Sulaymān (d. 119/737) 130, 132

Ḥammād b. Salama

Muṣannaf 928

Rafʿ al-yadayn fī l-ṣalāh 928

Hammond, M. 880n75

Ḥamrān b. Abān 122n, 134

Ḥamza b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz see [al-]Daylamī, Sallār

Ḥamza b. Asʿad b. al-Muẓaffar 923

al-Ḥanafī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad Iyās, Nuzhat al-udabāʾ wa-salwat al-ghurabāʾ 489n2, 501–502, 503, 505

al-Ḥanbalī al-Taqī b. ʿIzz al-Dīn 623

Hannah (wife of ʿImrān), Mary’s infancy story 849–867

al-Ḥarastānī, Zaynab b. al-Khaṭīb Muḥibb al-Dīn 914

al-Harawī, Kitāb Dhamm al-kalām 909

al-Harawī, Burhān al-Dīn Ḥaydar (d. 830/1426) 986, 987

al-Ḥarīrī, Abū Muḥammad Qāsim (d. 516/1122) 452, 468, 548

Durrat al-ghawwāṣ 455, 468

Mulḥat al-iʿrāb/al-Mulḥa 449, 454–455, 457, 462, 464, 464n82, 909

al-Ḥarirī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī (d. 864/1459) 932

al-Ḥarīzī, Judah ben Solomon (ca. 1165–1235 CE) 547–548, 558n63

Maḥbĕrôt Ittiʾel 548, 548n30

Sēfer Taḥkemoni 548, 548n30,n32, 558n63

Hārūn al-Rashīd (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 786–809 CE) 569, 641, 642, 895, 895n149, 897, 898, 899

al-Ḥasan Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Qaṭṭān (d. 359/970) 676

al-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Maʾmūn (Maʾmūnid ruler, r. 387–399/997–1009) 568, 575

al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. al-ʿImād 923

al-Ḥasan b. ʿArafa see Ibn ʿArafa

al-Ḥasan b. Aybak see Ibn Aybak

Ḥasan b. Būyeh see Rukn al-Dawla

Ḥasan III see Jalāl al-Dīn Ḥasan III

al-Ḥasan b. Maḥbūb 809

al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad al-Khallāl, Karāmat al-awliyā 914

Ḥassān al-Kātib 871, 887

Hassan, M. 754, 757, 758, 760, 761

Ḥassān b. Thābit 886

al-Ḥassan b. Yahyā 856n35

Hassim, E. 490, 494n29

Ḥātim al-Aṣamm 249

Hawting, G. 65

Heck, P.L. xi, 14, 21

Heinrich, W. 13

Ḥenanā (headmaster, School of Nisibis) 113

Heraclitus (d. ca. 475 BC) 876n41

Heraclius (Byzantine emperor, r. 610–641 CE) 354, 357, 358, 364, 375, 378

Herbelot, Barthélemy d’ (d. 1695), Bibliothèque orientale 9

Hermes Trismegistus see Hirmis al-Hakīm

Hesiod (Greek poet, b. 750 BC) 86

Hierocles, Philogelos 511

al-Hijāzī, Baktimur (Mamluk amir) 911

Hilali, Asma 24, 420

al-Ḥillī, al-ʿAllāma see al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī

al-Ḥillī, Fakhr al-Muḥaqqiqīn (d. 771/1370) see Ibn al-ʿAllāma

al-Ḥillī, Jaʿfar b. al-Ḥasan see [al-]Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī

al-Ḥillī, Jamāl al-Dīn al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf b. al-Muṭahhar see [al-]ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī

al-Ḥillī, Muḥammad b. Idrīs see Ibn Idrīs

Hincmar of Reims (d. 882 CE), De regis persona et regio ministerio 687n15, 693n52, 694, 694n54, 702n108, 706n136

Hippocrates (d. ca. 370 BC) 27, 207, 592, 592n49, 593, 594, 597, 598–599, 599n91, 603n115, 881n77

On airs, waters, places 598, 599

Aphorisms 598, 599, 600, 601

Book of bone-setting 600

Book of fracture and contusion 600

Book of wounds 600

chronology of work 599–601

On the diseases of women 599

Epidemics 598, 599

On the fetus 599

On humors 599

On injuries of the head 599

On joints 599

The law 599

On the nature of man 599, 600

On nutriment 599

The physician’s establishment 599–600

Prognostics 598, 599, 600, 601

On regimen in acute diseases 599

Hirmis al-Ḥakīm, Kitāb ʿarḍ miftāḥ al-nujūm fī-l-falak 135

Hirschler, K. 16, 17

Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik (Umayyad caliph, r. 724–743 CE) 135, 138, 139, 533

Hishām II (Umayyad caliph of Cordoba, r. 976–1009 CE) 573

Hodgson, M.G.S. 84, 818, 836

Höfert, A. 700, 700n90

Hoffman, V.J. 772, 772n7

Holloway, J.B. 957n67

Holt, P. 758

Homer 52, 86, 89

Iliad 519

Odyssey 90, 519

Horace (d. 8 BC) 87

Horovitz, J. 77, 319

Howell, M.S. 459

Hoyland, R. 68

Ḥubb Allah, Ḥ. 805n32

al-Hujwirī, ʿAlī 1005n27

Hülegü (Ilkhan ruler, r. 1256–1265 CE) 839

Humāʾī, Mawlawīnāma 300n21, 302n35

Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq 586n23, 588n34–35, 589, 590, 592n51, 594, 596n70, 597, 602

Hurat, C. 298n2

Ḥusām al-Dīn Chelebi (d. 683/1284) 301, 301n23

Ḥusayn Bāyqarā (Timurid ruler, r. 875–911/1470–1506) 988

al-Ḥusaynī, Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn al-Aʿrajī (d. 682/1284) 839

al-Ḥusaynī, Faḍlallāh b. ʿAlī 828

al-Ḥusaynī, Muhannā b. Sinān al-ʿAlawī 839n100

Ḥusaynī, Sayyid Zayn al-Dīn Abū l-Fatḥ 828

al-Ḥusayn b. Yaḥya b. ʿAyyāsh al-Qaṭṭān (d. 334/945), Ḥadīth 927

Hypsicles (d. ca. 120 BCE) 625

al-ʿIbādī, Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq see Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq

Ibn ʿAbbād see Ṣāḥib b. ʿAbbād

Ibn ʿAbbās, ʿAbdallāh (d. 68/687) 127, 128, 130, 132, 339, 342, 859, 908

Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Jāmiʿ bayān al-ʿilm 942n7

Ibn ʿAbd al-Dāʾim 916

Mashyakha 916

Ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī (d. after 371/981) 467

Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih, al-ʿIqd al-farīd 493, 686n11

Ibn Abī ʿAqīl (al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī ʿAqīl al-ʿUmānī) 29, 798–800, 798n2, 807n38, 811n54, 813n66

al-Mutamassik bi-ḥabl Āl al-Rasūl 799

refutation and negligence of 802, 804, 809, 812

supporters of 801, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811–814

Ibn Abī Dunyā (d. 281/894)

Kitāb al-Hawātif 529

Kitāb Makārim al-akhlāq 205

Ibn Abī Ḥadīd (d. 655/1257), Faṣīḥ 455

Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī (d. 327/938)

al-Ikhwa wa-l-akhawāt 928

al-Jarḥ wa-l-taʿdīl 928

Ibn Abī Jaʿfar 856n35

Ibn Abī Jumʿa al-Maghrāwī al-Wahrānī, Jāmiʿ jawāmiʿ al-ikhtiṣār wa-l-tibyān fimā yaʿriḍu lil-muʿallimīn wa-l-ṣibyān 492

Ibn Abī Karīma (d. before 255/868–869) 467

Ibn Abī l-Iṣbaʿ Ḥusayn b.ʿAlī Yūsuf (d. 856/1452) 932

Ibn Abī l-Rijāl al-Kātib al-Shaybānī Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī (ca. 430/1040) 468, 723

Ibn Abī l-Shukr 626

Ibn Abī Najīḥ (d. 131/748–749) 131

Ibn Abī Rabīʿ al-Ishbīlī (d. 688/1289) 468, 470

Ibn Abī Uṣaybīʿa (d. 668/1270) 203, 204, 594n58, 618

ʿUyūn al-anbāʾ 583n8, 589, 592n49

Ibn ʿAdī (d. 362/972 or 974) 187n3, 202, 208, 677–678

Tabyīn al-faṣl bayna ṣināʿatay al manṭiq al-falsafī wa-l-naḥw al-ʿarabī 678

Tahdhīb al-akhlāq 205, 205n25

Ibn al-ʿAdīm, al-Darārī 497–498, 503

Ibn ʿĀʾisha (singer) 891–892, 895

Ibn Ājurrūm, Ājurrūmiyya 466, 468

Ibn Akhi Mīmī, al-Muntaqā min al-juzʿ al-awwal min ḥadīth 926

Ibn al-Anbārī, Abū Bakr (d. 328/940) 457, 467

Ibn al-Anbārī, Abū l-Barakāt (d. 577/1181) 457, 469

Ibn al-ʿAllāma (Fakhr al-Muḥaqqiqīn al-Ḥillī, d. 771/1370) 800, 839, 839n100

Ibn al-ʿAmīd (vizier of Rayy, d. 360/970) 202, 203, 674

Ibn ʿĀmir 858

Ibn al-ʿArabī (d. 638/1240) 251n21, 304, 507n97, 659n65, 660n69, 661–662, 985

Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam 659n65

al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya 530

waḥdat al-wujūd doctrine (combining Sufism with philosophy) 985, 992

Ibn ʿArafa (al-Ḥasan b. ʿArafa, d. 257/870), Juzʾ 926, 929

Ibn ʿArrāq al-Kinānī (d. 963/1556), Tanzīh al-sharīʿa l-marfūʿa ʿan al-aḥādīth al-mawḍūʿa 908

Ibn ʿAsākir (d. 499/1105) 358n33, 435

Tabyīn kadhib al-muftarī 995n51

Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq 12, 359

Ibn ʿAṭāʾ (Abū l-ʿAbbās) 647, 656n56

Ibn Athāl al-Naṣrānī (Ibn Uthal) 137

Ibn al-Athīr (d. 631/1233) 624

Ibn Aybak, Muʿjam Abī l-Nūn Yūnus b. Ibrāhīm al-Dabbūsī 926, 929

Ibn Bābashādh (d. 469/1077), Muqaddima 455, 456, 468

Ibn Bābawayh see Shaykh al-Ṣadūq

Ibn Bābūya see Shaykh al-Ṣadūq

Ibn Bājja (Avempace, ca. 487–533/1095–1139) 276

Ibn al-Bannāʾ (d. 721/1321) 626, 628tab.

Talkhīṣ fī ʿilm al-ḥisāb 623

Ibn al-Barrāj (Qādī ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ibn Nahrīr, d. 481/1088) 825

Ibn Barrī (d. 582/1187) 468

Ibn al-Bawwāb (d. 423/1032) 468

Ibn Bukayr (d. 199/815) 325

Ibn al-Busrī (d. 474/1081), Ḥadīth 927

Ibn Buṭlān 592n51, 595n64, 596n67

Ibn al-Dahhān (d. 569/1174) 453n31, 468

Ibn al-Dubaythī (d. 637/1239) 732

Ibn Duqmāq 746n26, 749

Ibn Durayd (d. 321/933) 453, 467

Maqṣūra 449n2

Qaṣīda 453

Ibn Faḍlallāh al-ʿUmarī (d. 749/1349) 750n54, 756, 975

Ibn Fahd al-Makkī, Laḥẓ al-alḥāz 924n131

Ibn Fallūs (d. 637/1239) 617, 619

Ibn Fāris (d. 395–1004), Maqāyīs al-lugha 469, 517

Ibn Fūrak, al-Madkhal al-awsaṭ 995n51

Ibn al-Furāt (d. 807/1405)

al-Sīra al-nabawiyya 948

Tārīkh al-duwal wa-l-mulūk 948

Ibn Ḥabīb (d. 245/859) 125

Ibn al-Hāʿim (d. 815/1412) 626, 628tab.

Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (d. 852/1449) 757, 759, 760, 910, 915–916, 917, 930, 943, 945, 948

Dhayl 924n131

al-Durar 914, 921

Inbāʾ al-ghumr 924n131, 930n183, 936

al-Muʿjam (al-Majmaʿ al-muʾassas bi-l-muʿjam al-mufahras) 924n131, 926n141, 927, 945, 945n16, 947, 952

Muʿjam al-Shaykha Maryam 30, 906–907, 915, 918–924, 931, 934, 937, 947

Ibn Ḥajar al-Haytamī (d. 974/1567) 509n105

Taḥrīr al-maqāl 492, 509

Ibn al-Ḥājib (d. 646/1249) 468

al-Kāfiya 456, 462, 468

Shāfiya 468

Ibn al-Ḥājj (d. 737/1336) 497, 498n53

Madkhal al-sharʿ al-sharīf 493

Ibn Ḥāmid 856n35

Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad (d. 241/855) 482–483, 639, 675n22, 730n50

Musnad 731–732, 839, 908

Ibn Ḥasday, Abraham ben Samuel ha-Levi (fl. early 13th c.)

career 539, 542–543

work 539–540

The prince and the ascetic 26, 539–558

Ibn Ḥasday, Judah ben Samuel ha-Levi 542

Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen, ca. 354–430/965–1039) 285n72, 398n23, 617

Kitāb al-Manāẓir 398n23

Ibn Ḥazm (d. 456/1064), al-Muḥallā 812n63

Ibn Ḥijja al-Ḥamawī (d. 837/1433) 463

Ibn al-Hilīs Abū Bakr b. Aḥmad b. ʿAbdallāh (d. 838/1434) 932

Ibn Hindū, Abū l-Faraj (d. 423/1032)

al-Miftāḥ al-ṭibb wa-minhāj al-ṭullāb 584–590, 587n31, 588, 588n34, 881n77

on music/musicians 880–881, 881n77

on study of medicine/Galenism 26–27, 581, 582, 584–590, 584n14, 585n20, 585n23, 586n26, 587

Ibn Hishām (d. 213/828 or 218/833) 315, 316, 325, 341

Kitāb Sīrat sayyidinā Muḥammad Rasūl Allāh 101

al-Sīra al-nabawiyya 315, 316, 326–327, 344, 359, 947, 947n30

Ibn Hishām (d. 761/1360) 451n22, 456, 459, 462

Mughnī l-labīb 466, 468

Qaṭr al-nadā 466, 468

Qawāʿid al-iʿrāb 460n65, 466

Shudhūr al-dhahab 466, 468

Ibn Ibāḍ (ʿAbdallāh b. Ibāḍ al-Murrī al-Tamīmī, d. 86/705) 773–774, 773n12, 790

Ibn Idrīs (Muḥammad b. Idrīs al-Ḥillī, d. 598/1202) 800, 814

al-Sarāʾir 806–808

Ibn al-ʿImād, Shadharāt 924n131

Ibn Isḥāq (Muḥammad b. Isḥāq, d. ca. 150/767) 19–20, 83, 102, 103, 106, 109, 134, 338, 856n35, 886

biography 323–326

categorization and transmitters of work 324–325

al-Khulafāʾ 325

Kitāb al-Magāzī 98, 100–101, 325

al-Mabʿath 325

al-Sīra al-nabawiyya 13, 23, 315, 323, 325, 326, 341, 619, 909

see also Ibn Hishām; [al-]Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Jarīr b. Yazid

Ibn Jābir (al-Wādī-Āshī/Ṣāḥib al-Riḥlatayn, d. 749/1338) 929

Ibn Jamāʿa, Badr al-Dīn Muḥammad (d. 733/1333) 490n6, 511

Tadhkirat al-sāmiʿ wa-l-mutakallim 491

Ibn Jāmiʿ, Ismāʿīl (singer) 897n162

Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1200) 684, 718, 726n36, 876, 896

Akhbār al-ḥamqā wa-l-mughaffalīn 504n82

Ibn al-Jazzār (d. 395/980), Siyāsat al-ṣibyān 493, 493n23

Ibn Jinnī (grammarian) 469

Ibn Jumayʿ 584, 584n13, 603

Ibn al-Jumayyizī l-Shafiʿī (Bahāʾ al-Dīn […] ʿAlī […] al-Shāfiʿī. d. 649/1251) 433–434, 433n42

Ibn al-Junayd al-Iskāfī (Muḥammad b. Aḥmad Ibn al-Junayd al-Iskāfī) 29, 798–800, 798n2, 805n30, 807n38, 811n54, 813n66, 824n27

al-Mukhtaṣar al-Aḥmadī lil-fiqh al-Muḥammadī 799, 806, 808, 809

refutations and negligence of 799, 801, 802–806, 809, 810, 812

supporters of 806–807, 808, 809, 811–814

Tahdhīb al-Shīʿa li-aḥkām al-sharīʿa 799

Ibn Jurayj (d. 105/723) 130, 857n35

Ibn Kāmil 348

Ibn Kathīr al-Makkī (d. 120/737) 127

Ibn Kaysān (d. 299 or 320/912 or 932) 469

Muwaffaqī 461

Ibn al-Khabbāz 745

Ibn Khaldūn (d. 808/1406) xi, 132, 449, 497, 587–588n32, 641n16, 949, 996

on imamate 751–752

Kitāb al-ʿIbar 483–484, 967–968

on Mamluk education 967–968

Muqaddima 492, 507n97

on philosophical theology 728n41, 984–985

on written word 736

Ibn Khallikān (d. 681/1282) 623

Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa-anbāʾ abnāʾ al-zamān 613n6, 621

Ibn Khāqān, Abū Muzāḥim Mūsā b. ʿUbaydallāh (d. 325/937) 453, 467

Ibn Lubb al-Thaʿlabī al-Andalusī, Abū Saʿīd Faraj ibn Qāsim ibn Aḥmad (d. 783/1381) 468

Ibn al-Lubūdī, Najm al-Dīn (d. ca. 664/1265) 626

Ghāyat al-ghāyāt fī l-muḥtāj ilayhi min Ūqlīdis wa-l-mutawassiṭāt 626

Ibn al-Mahdī (d. 444/1052) 438, 439, 440, 444

Ibn Māja 942n6

Ibn al-Majdī (d. 850/1447) 622–623, 624, 626

Ibn Maktūm see Tāj al-Dīn Ibn Maktūm

Ibn Mālik (d. 672/1274) 452, 456, 458n54, 463n81, 468

Alfiyya 449, 449n3, 457, 462, 463n81, 464

Tashīl al-fawāʾid 462, 468

Ibn Mandah, Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Isḥāq (d. 395/1004–1005) 201, 431, 431n38, 432, 433

Ibn Manẓūr (d. 711/1311–1312) 851–852n15

Lisān al-ʿArab 489n3, 517, 849, 1002

Ibn Maslama (Aḥmad b. Mufarrij b. ʿAlī) 428, 429, 429n34, 430, 431, 435, 436

Ibn Masʿūd see ʿAbdallāh b. Masʿūd

Ibn Mayyāda 897

Ibn al-Mijrād (Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-Mijrādī al-Salāwī, d. 819/1416), Naẓm al-jumal 456

Ibn Misjāḥ (musician) 875n29, 885

Ibn Miskawayh see Miskawayh

Ibn al-Mubārak 177

Ibn al-Muḥibb al-Maqdisī l-Hanbalī (d. 737/1336) 426, 426n28, 427

Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ, ʿAbdallāh (d. 139/756–757 or 142/759–760) 136, 467, 891, 894, 1007

al-Adab al-kabīr 205, 533

al-Adab al-ṣaghīr 205

Kalīla wa-Dimna 450, 686n11

Kitāb al-Suḥba 637n1

Risāla fī l-ṣaḥāba 686n11, 697–698n76

Ibn al-Muqayyar, Ḥadīth 928

Ibn Muʿṭī (d. 628/1231) 452, 456, 462, 463, 468

Alfiyya 449, 455, 457, 462, 463

Ibn al-Nadīm (Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-Nadīm, d. 380/990) 453, 611

Kitāb al-Fihrist 19, 46, 53–58, 476, 593n56

Ibn al-Naḥḥās see Bahāʾ al-Dīn Ibn al-Naḥḥās

Ibn al-Naṣīr, Qāḍī al-Maristān (d. 535/1141), Amālī 909

Ibn Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Dimashqī 913

Ibn Nujayd (ḥadīth scholar, d. 365/975), Juzʿ 926

Ibn Qanāṭir (commander) 378

Ibn al-Qawwās (d. 698/1298) 925

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya 995

Faḍl al-ʿilm 942n7

Ibn Qibā al-Rāzī (d. ca. 319/931) 822, 822n22

Ibn al-Qifṭī (d. 646/1248) 203, 204, 452n27, 618, 625

Ibn Qudāma (d. 620–1223), al-Mughnī 812n63

Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī (d. 276/889) 125, 469, 891, 894, 1001

Adab al-kātib 888, 894n142, 1003–1004

Kitāb ʿUyūn al-akhbār 534, 686n11

al-Maʿārif 928

Ibn Rāfīʿ al-Sallāmī (d. 774/1372) 427–428, 427n30

Tārīkh ʿulamāʿ Baghdād 428

al-Wafayāt 922, 922n107

Ibn Riḍwān, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī (d. ca. 453/1061) 26–27, 581, 583, 584, 585, 585n17,n19, 587, 591n46–47, 592n49,n51, 593n52,n53,n56, 594n57, 596n67,n70, 599n90–91, 601n105

autobiography 595, 595n64

on chronology/sequence of Hippocratica 599–601

Fī Sharaf al-ṭibb 591n47, 592n51, 593–594, 601, 602–603n115

al-Kitāb al-Nāfiʿ 591n47, 592, 593, 593n53, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601

al-Kitāb fī khtilāf Arisṭūṭālīs wa-Jālīnūs 594

on study of medicine/Galenism 590–603

al-Taṭarruq 591n47, 592n51, 595, 600–601

Ibn Rushayd 912–913

Ibn Rushayq al-Mālikī (d. 632/1234) 908

Ibn Rushd, Abū l-Walīd (Averroes, d. 595/1198) xi, 6, 22–23, 260, 276–278, 584n14

approaches to Islamic learning 277

Bidāyat al-mujtahid 812n63

Faṣl al-maqāl fī mā bayna al-sharīʿa wa-l-ḥikma min ittiṣāl 23, 261, 277, 278, 280, 283, 285, 286, 288, 292

al-Ghazālī v. 260–262, 277–281, 279–280, 280n59, 282, 286, 288, 290–293

on logic 281–283

on mathematics 284–286

on metaphysics 283–284

Mukhtaṣar al-Majisṭī 285n72, 286

on philosophy 280–281

on political sciences and ethics 286–290

scholarly attention to rationalism of 260, 293

on theology 278–280

Ibn Rusta (d. 300/912) 125

Ibn Saʿdān (Buyid vizier, d. 375/986 CE) 674, 679

Ibn Saʿd (d. ca. 230/845) 325, 358n33, 575

Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt al-kabīr 420

Ibn Saḥnūn, Muḥammad (d. 256/870) 491, 491n13, 497, 500, 502n71, 508n101, 509, 641

Ibn al-Sāʿī 916

Kitāb Akhbār al-zuhhād 729n46

Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ (d. 643/1245) 907, 934, 935

Ibn al-Samʿānī 924

Ibn al-Sarrāj 469

Mūjaz 461

Ibn Shaddād, ʿIzz al-Dīn Muḥammad (d. 684/1285), Tārīkh al-Malik al-Ẓāhir 975

Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī see al-Zuhrī, Ibn Shihāb

Ibn Shubruma (d. 144/761) 502n71

Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī (d. 521/1127) 451

al-Maṣāʾil 451n22

Ibn al-Sikkīt (d. 244/858), Kitāb al-Alfāẓ 516–517

Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna, d. 428/1037) 151, 203, 223, 225, 229, 404, 406, 461, 468, 578, 584, 611, 626, 730, 874, 1005

commentaries on 730n49

education of 577, 582n6, 583, 583n8, 613n6

Ishārāt wa-tanbīhāt 158n27

Kitāb al-Shifāʾ 179n95, 839, 945, 945n21, 988

al-Qānūn fī l-ṭibb 202, 988

sources of inspiration 179, 570

Ibn Surayj (d. 306/918) 675n22, 676, 677, 885

Ibn Taghrībirdī (Abū l-Maḥāsin Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf Ibn Taghrībirdī, d. 874/1470) 749, 969–970n25–26,n28

al-Manhal al-ṣāfī 925n138, 968n23, 969–973, 973fig.

Ibn Ṭāhir 458, 459

Ibn Ṭawūs (Raḍi al-Dīn Abū l-Qāsim ʿAlī b. Mūsā b. Jaʿfar Ibn Ṭāwūs, d. 1266) 838, 838n93, 840

Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328), Majmūʿ fatāwā Shaykh al-Islām Aḥmad b. Taymiyya 264n12

Ibn Tibbon see Samuel Ibn Tibbon

Ibn al-Tilimsānī 995n51

Ibn Ṭufayl (Aben Tofail, d. 581/1185) 276, 404, 468

Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān 10, 450

Ibn al-Ṭūlūnī 749

Ibn Tūmart, Aʿazz mā yuṭlab 287n80

Ibn al-Turkī, Mukhtaṣar sharḥ al-Sanūsī 995n51

Ibn ʿUbaydallāh al-Khāqānī 337

Ibn al-Ukhuwwa (d. 729/1329) 497

Maʿālim al-qurba fī aḥkām al-ḥisba 494, 494n28

Ibn ʿUmar (d. 74/693) 908

Ibn ʿUmayl (fl. ca. 300/910) 467

Ibn ʿUṣfūr (d. 669/1270) 456, 468

Ibn Uthal see Ibn Athāl al-Naṣrānī

Ibn Wahb 613, 614

Ibn al-Wardī, Zayn al-Dīn (d. 749/1348) 462, 463n81, 468

Ibn Yaḥyā al-Samawʾal al-Maghribī (6th/12th c.) 611

Ibn Yaʿīsh 451n22

Ibn al-Zabīdī (d. 649/1251) 910, 929

Ibn Zabraq Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb (d. 840/1436) 933

Ibn Ẓafar (d. ca. 568/1173), Sulwān al-muṭāʿ 948

Ibn al-Zāhida (d. 594/1198) 468

Ibn Ziyād al-Qaṭṭān (d. 350/961), Ḥadīth 927

Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar, d. ca. 557/1161) 276

Ibn Zurayq (Nāṣir al-Dīn Abū l-Baqāʾ Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, d. 900/1494) 425, 426

Ibrāhīm al-Ḥāqilānī, see Abraham Ecchellensis

Ibrāhīm b. al-Mudabbir 892, 894

al-Ibrāhīmī, Muḥammad al-Bashīr (d. 1965) 466

Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Dimashqiyya 910

al-ʿIbrī, Burhān al-Dīn (d. 743/1343) 838

Idrīs b. al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (d. 832/1429) 933

al-Ijī, ʿAḍud al-Dīn (d. 756/1355) 838, 984, 995

al-Mawāqif 987

ʿIkrima (d. 105/723) 127, 128, 130, 345, 857n35

Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ (Brethren of Purity) 276, 404, 541n10, 552n45, 594n56, 641n16, 671, 675

identity of 389n1, 400

Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ 24, 389–402, 679–680

ʿImād al-Dawla (ʿAlī b. Būyeh, Buyid emir, r. 934–949 CE) 669

Imām al-Ḥaramayn see [al-]Juwaynī, ʿAbd al-Malik

ʿImrān (father of Maryam) 851, 852, 856n35, 858

ʿImrān, Sayyid 657

Imruʾ al-Qays (Lakhmid king, r. 295–328) 324

Īnāl al-Abūbakrī al-Faqīh (Mamluk officer, d. 853/1449) 971

Iqbal, Muzaffar 572

al-ʿIrāqī, al-Shams 623

al-ʿIrāqī, Zayn al-Dīn (d. 806/1404) 745

Irwin, R. 15–16

al-ʿIryānī, Ibrāhīm b. Abdallāh b. Aḥmad b. ʿAlī (d. 852/1448) 932

Isaac Israeli, Book of elements 539, 539n3, 546n24

Isaac b. Sahula, Meshal ha-Kadmoni 552n45

al-Iṣbahānī, al-Ḥusayn Abū ʿAbdallāh b. ʿAbd al-Malik b. al-Ḥusayn (d. 532/1137) 431n39

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū l-Faraj (d. shortly after 360/971) 871

Kitāb al-Aghānī 872, 882, 888, 953

al-Iṣfahānī, Ḥamza (d. after 350/961), Chronology on world history 672

al-Iṣfahānī, al-Raghīb (d. 502/1108)

al-Mufradāt fī gharīb al-Qurʾān 524, 852n15, 863n56

Tafsīr 523–524

al-Iṣfahānī, Shams al-Dīn (d. 749/1349) 984, 985

Maṭāliʿ al-anẓār 987

Isḥāq b. Ḥunayn (d. 289/910–911) 208

Isḥāq b. Rāhawayh (d. 238/852), Musnad 928

al-Ishtihārdī, ʿAlī, Majmūʿat fatāwā Ibn al-Junayd 798n2

Isidor of Seville, Sententiae libri 698

al-Iskāfī, Abū ʿAlī Muḥammad b. Aḥmad Ibn al-Junayd see Ibn al-Junayd al-Iskāfī

Iskandar, A.Z. 584n13

Ismael (prophet) 326

Ismāʿīl b. Kathīr (d. 774/1373) 746

Ismāʿīl b. ʿUbaydallāh b. Abī Muhājir 136

ʿIṣmat al-Dīn (daughter of Sultan Mālik al-ʿĀdil) 949

Isocrates (d. 338 BCE) 684

Īšōʿyahb III (patriarch, r. 649–659 CE) 20, 113–115, 117

al-Iṭfīhī, Aḥmad b. Yaʿqūb (b. 790/1388) 932

ʿIzz al-Dawla (Bakhtiyar, Buyid emir, r. 967–978) 673

ʿIzz al-Dīn b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Salām, al-Tanbīh wa-l-ʿaqīda 995n51

ʿIzz al-Dīn b. Maʿqil (d. 644/1246)

Īḍaḥ 455, 457, 462, 468

al-Takmila 455, 457, 462, 468

al-ʿIzz al-Farrāʾ 925

al-ʿIzz b. Jamāʿa (ḥadīth scholar, d. 767/1365) 925

Jabali, Fuad 355n6

Jābir b. Ḥayyān (d. ca. 199/815) 203, 285n72, 467

Jābir Ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAmr ibn Ḥarām al-Anṣārī (companion of the Prophet) 528

Jābir b. Ibrāhīm (astronomer, 4th/10th c.) 467

al-Jābirī, Muḥammad ʿĀbid (d. 2010) 6

Jābir b. Zayd 774, 774n14, 774n18, 776n29, 777, 789n111, 790

Jacob 749

Jacob ben Elʿazar, Sefer ha-Meshalim 552n45

Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib (d. 629) 82–83, 92, 336

Jaʿfar b. Aḥmad al-Sarrāj (d. 500–502/1106–1108) 468

Mukhtaṣar 455

Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq see al-Ṣādiq

Jaʿfar (Barkamide vizier) 891

Jaʿfar b. Bashshār al-Asadī (fl. 150/767) 452, 467

Jaʿfariyān, Sulṭān Muḥammad 837n90

Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Bābawayh see Shaykh al-Ṣadūq

al-Jahishyārī 132

al-Jāḥiẓ, Abū ʿUthmān (d. 255/868) 15, 122, 125, 202, 453n30, 641, 894

al-Bukhalāʾ 534

Kitāb al-Tāj fī akhlāq al-mulūk 205

on music/singing/singing-girls 870–871, 872, 875–876, 881–882, 887, 888–889, 896, 896n151, 900

on primary schoolteachers 489, 502, 507

Tahdhīb al-akhlāq 205

Jalāl al-Dīn ʿĀrif 298n2

Jalāl al-Dīn Ḥasan III (Nizāri Ismāʿilī imam, r. 607–618/1210–1221) 725, 725n32

Jālīnūs see Galen

James I (King of Aragon, r. 1213–1276 CE), Libre de Saviesa 688n22

al-Jāmī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (d. 898/1492) 479, 987n12

al-Jāmiʿ al-Jadīd 925

Jamīla (singing-girl) 882, 884, 889, 890, 895n145, 895n149, 901

Janos, D. 17

Jarīr (poet) 129

al-Jarmī (grammarian) 469

Jawhar al-Lālā (eunuch/tutor in service of Sultan Barsbāy) 500n61

al-Jawharī, ʿAbbās b. Saʿīd (3rd/9th c.) 611

al-Jawzī, Sibṭ b. (d. 654/1256) 733

al-Jazāʾirī, Niʿmat Allāh 498n52, 505n88

Jeanne of Navarre (Queen of France, r. 1285–1305 CE) 707n141

Jeffrey, A. 318

Jesus 52, 326, 328, 333, 334, 336, 337, 390, 523

al-Jiʿd b. Dirham (d. 118/736) 137

Jirja (Byzantine soldier) 378

Jirjīs (commander) 378

Joachim (father of Mary in Christian tradition) 862–863

John the Apostle 328

John of Salisbury (ca. 1118–1180 CE), Policraticus 688n19

Jomier, J. 321, 338

Jonas of Orléans (bishop, 760–843 CE), De institutione regia 686–687, 689n23, 690–692, 693n50,n52, 694, 695–696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706–707, 708

Joseph 90, 544, 546

Judah b. Tibbon (ca. 1120–1190 CE) 555n51

Judah Halevi (ca. 1075–1141 CE), Kitāb al-Kūzarī 555n51

al-Juʿfī, Jābir 822

al-Julandā b. Masʿūd (d. 134/752) 775n26, 776n29

al-Jumālī, Āqbughā b. ʿAbdallāh (d. 837/1433) 968n23

Junayd of Baghdad (d. 910) 224–225

al-Jurjānī (d. 471/1078)

Jumal 456n46

Miʾat ʿāmil 455–456, 466, 468

al-Jurjānī, al-Sayyīd al-Sharīf (d. 816/1413) 984, 985, 986, 987, 995, 1002, 1004, 1005

Kitāb al-Taʿrīfāt 1006

refutations of 988, 989

Sharḥ al-Mawāqif 988

al-Juwaynī, ʿAbd al-Malik (Imām al-Ḥaramayn, d. 478/1085) 620, 751, 993

al-Arbaʿūn 926

Lumaʿ al-adilla 995n51

Muʿtaqad ahl al-sunna 995n51

Juynboll, G. 15, 441

al-Jūzjānī (disciple of Ibn Sīnā) 577

Kaʿb al-Aḥbār 126n46

Kaʿb b. al Ḥabr 380

Kadi, W. xi, 15, 19

Kaḥḥāla, Umar (d. 1987), Aʿlām al-nisāʾ 924n131

Kamāl al-Dīn Ibn al-ʿAdīm (d. 660/1262), Kitāb al-Darāri fī dhikr al-dharārī 493

Kamāl al-Dīn b. Yūnus (d. 639/1242) 617–618, 619, 621–622, 623

Kamāliyya al-Ṣughrā bt. ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz 949

Kamālpāshā-zāde (d. 940/1534) 987

Kant, Immanuel 1001–1002

al-Karājikī, ʿAlī b. ʿUthmān (d. 449/1057) 825

al-Karakī, al-Muḥaqqiq (d. 940/1534) 811

al-Karhī, Maʿrūf 714n5

Karīma b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Zubaryriyya (d. 641/1243) 914

Karīma al-Marwaziyya (d. 463/1070) 924n133

Kāshifī, Vāʾiz 840

Kātib Çelebi (Ḥajjī Khalīfa, Turkish chronicler, d. 1069/1657) 733, 994

Kashf al-ẓunūn ʿan asāmī al-kutub wa-l-funūn 9, 491

al-Kātibī, Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī (d. 675/1276)

Ḥikmat al-ʿayn 839

Risāla-yi shamsiya 839

al-Kattānī, Fihris al-fahāris 918

Kekaumenos, Strategikon 706n136

Khadīja bt. Fakhrāwar 931

Khadijah (wife of the Prophet) 99, 101n9, 327, 330

Khadīja bt. Khalīl b. Niʿmat Allāh 951

Khadīja bt. Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh 910

Khadīja bt. Muḥammad b. Saʿd b. ʿAbdallāh al-Maqdisiyya (d. 701/1301) 910

Khadīja (Muwaffaqiyya bt. al-Shihāb Aḥmad b. al-Najm) 953

Khalaf al-Aḥmar (d. ca. 180/796) 29, 471

al-Muqaddima fī l-naḥw 453

Khalek, N. 357

Khālid b. al-Walīd (commander, d. 642 CE) 324, 354, 357, 362, 374

Khalidi, T. 751 849n1

Khalidov, A.B. 13

Khālid b. Yazīd (alchemist, d. 102/720) 467

Khālid b. Yazīd b. Muʿāwiya (d. 85/704) 137

al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī (d. 175/791 or 170/786 or 160/776) 451n22, 453, 453n29, 459, 464, 467, 471

Kitāb al-ʿAyn 516

Khalīlī, Jaʿfar 827

Khalīl b. Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-Ashqar (d. 820/1417) 932

Khalīl b. Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb (ʿAbbasid family member, d. 920/1514) 746–747

al-Khallāl (d. 311/923) 431, 432, 433, 675n22

al-Khashnī, Sulaymān b. Saʿīd 138

Khaṭīb-zāde 988

Khātūn (ʿĀʾisha al-ʿAjamiyya) 953

al-Khawlānī, Abū Idrīs 126n46

Khayālī, Shams al-Dīn (d. 875/1470) 987

Khiḍir Bey (d. 863/1459) 987, 988

al-Qaṣīda al-nūniyya (Maturidi creed) 987

al-Khiraqī, Mukhtaṣar 455

Khismatulin, A.A. 17, 22n26, 25

Khōjazāde Muṣliḥ al-Dīn Muṣṭafā (d. 893/1488) 987, 988

Tahāfut 988

al-Khorastānī, Khalīl b. ʿAlī 945

Khosraw Anūshīrwān see Chosroes I

al-Khūnajī, Muḥammad b. Nāmāwar (d. 646/1249) 839

Naẓm al-jumal 456n46

al-Khurāsānī, ʿAṭā b. ʿAbdallāh 132

al-Khurāsānī, Shabīb b. ʿAṭiyya al-ʿUmanī (d. after 134/751) 776n29

Khurramshahrī, Bāqir Muḥsinī, al-Fatāwā li-Ibn al-Junayd 798n2

Khusraw Anūshirwān (Sasanid shah, r. 531–579 CE) 345, 347

Khusraw II Parvīz (Sasanid shah, r. 590–628 CE) 324, 345, 346, 875

Khusraw, Mollā (d. 885/1480) 987

Khvāndamīr, Muḥammad 840–841

Ḥabīb al-siyar 840

Khātimat al-akhbār fī ahwāl al-akhyār 840

al-Khwānsārī, Muḥammad Bāqqir (d. 1313/1895) 203, 204

al-Khwārazmī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 387/997), Mafātīḥ al-ʿulūm 461

al-Khwārazmī, Muḥammad (d. ca. 236/850) 572

Kilito, A. 464–465

Kimḥi, David (ca. 1160–1235 CE) 546n24

al-Kinānī (d. 357/967), Majlis al-biṭāqa 913

al-Kinānī, ʿIzz al-Dīn Aḥmad (d. 876/1471) 912, 945, 950

al-Kindī, Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb b. Isḥāq (d. ca. 252/866 or 256/873) 54n13, 197, 207, 209, 390, 574

on music/ṭarab 874, 880

Risāla fīḥīla li-dafʿ al-aḥzān 208

al-Kindi al-Miṣrī, Abū ʿUmar Muḥammad b. Yūsuf 131

King, D. 460

al-Kisāʾī (d. 189/805) 451, 469, 489

al-Kīshī, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 696/1296) 829, 840

Klafki, Wolfgang 213n44

Klemm, Verena 18

Kohlberg, E. 838n93

al-Ķojḥiṣārī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn 986

Krachkovskij, I. 11

al-Kūfī, Ḥammād 129

al-Kūfī, Muḥammad b. Muslim al-Thaqafī see [al-]Thaqafī al-Kufī, Muḥammad b. Muslim

al-Kuftī, Yaʿqūb b. Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm 923

al-Kujandī (d. 390–1000) 574

al-Kulaynī, Abū Yaʿqūb (d. 328/940–941) 809, 809n45, 822–823

al-Kāfī fī ʿilm al-dīn 823, 824

Kulthum bt. ʿUmar b. Ṣāliḥ 956

al-Kumayt b. Zayd 123n19

al-Kurdī, al-Ḥasan 925

Labīd (poet, d. 31/661), Muʿallaqa 70

al-Lālakāʾī, Kitāb al-Sunna 995n51

Lambton, A 837n87

Lameer, J. 157n25

Lampagia (daughter of Duke Eudo of Aquitania) 108

Lane, E.W. 499, 504, 897

Lang, D.M. 540n6–7

Lapidus, I. 13, 639

al-Laqānī, Ibrāhīm (d. 1041/1632) 993

Sharḥ al-jawhara 995n51

Latini, B. 688n22

Lauer, D. see Pielow, D.

Lawson, T. 15, 17, 19

Lawza bt. ʿAbdallāh 931

al-Layth (d. 175/791), Ashrat 927

Lecomte, G. 495–496, 500

Leder, S. 417n3, 626

Leemhuis, F. 13

Lees, W.N. 356, 356n10

Lev, Y. 757, 758, 760

Lewicki, T. 772

Louis I the Pious (Roman emperor, r. 813–840 CE) 686

Louis IX (King of France, r. 1226–1270 CE) 707n141

Lowry, J. 15

Lucian of Samosata (after 180 CE), Symposium 520

Lughda 469

Lupus of Ferriere (ca. 805–862 CE) 687n15, 691n38, 703n113

Luqmān (ca. 1100 BC) 52

Lutfi, H. 912, 942

Lycurgus of Sparta (fl. ca. 820 BC) 589

Maʿbad (singer) 126n42, 887

McAuliffe, J.D. 14

McCarthy, R.C. 254–256

MacDonald, A.A. 13

Machiavelli, N. 706n136

Madelung, W. 772, 773n12, 774n17

Madigan, D. 320, 322, 323

al-Madīnī, Abū Mūsā (Muḥammad Abū Mūsā b. ʿUmar b. Aḥmad b. ʿUmar) 431, 432, 432n40

Maghall bt. al-Khaṭīb al-ʿIzz Muḥammad b. al-Khaṭīb 953

al-Maghrībī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā b. Muḥammad b. Abī l-Shukr (d. 682/1283) 626

Maḥbūba (singing-girl) 890, 892

al-Mahdī (Abbasid caliph, r. 158–169/775–785) 325

al-Mahdī, Ibrāhīm (d. 839) 882, 890

Maḥmūd Ghāzān (Ilkhan ruler, r. 694–703/1295–1304) 836–837

Maḥmūd of Ghazna (Ghaznavid sultan, r. 999–1030 CE) 568, 575–576

Maimonides (d. 1204 CE) 542–543, 546, 547, 552, 558n63

The book of commandments 539, 539n3

Commentary on the Mishnah (Mishneh Torah) 548n29, 556, 558, 558n63

Epistle to Yemen 539, 539n3

The guide of the perplexed 547–548n29, 556, 557

Maimonidean tradition in The prince and the ascetic 556–558

Majd al-Dawla (vizier in Rayy) 573

Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir 822n19

Makdisi, G. 12–13, 463n80, 640n12, 641, 641n16, 642n18, 643, 675n22, 950

Mākhūl al-Shāmī 126n, 131, 132

Mālik b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Muraḥḥal al-Mālaqī al-Andalusī (d. 699/1300) 468

Mālik al-ʿĀdil (Ayyubid sultan, r. 1200–1218 CE) 949

al-Malik al-Afḍal Quṭb al-Dīn Aḥmad 949

Mālik b. Anas (d. 179/796) 58, 130, 646n34

al-Muwaṭṭaʾ 287n80, 839, 927

Malik-Shah I (Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire, r. 1072–1092 CE) 687, 828

Maʿmar b. al-Fākhir, Imlaʾ 926

Maʿmar (hadīth transmitter) 856n35

al-Maʾmūn (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 813–833 CE) 532, 569, 570, 575, 575n15, 652, 895n149

ʿulamāʾ v. 637n1, 638, 639–640

Mani (Babylonian prophet, d. 276 CE) 105

al-Manṣūr, Abū Jaʿfar (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 136–158/754–775 CE) 325, 713n1, 774n17

Manṣūr b. ʿAmmār (d. 225/839), Ḥadīth 926

al-Manṣūrī, Baybars 749

Manṣūr b. Nūḥ (Samanid emir, d. 389/999) 568

Manṣur b. Zādhān (d. 131/748) 131

al-Manṭiqī, Mubārakshāh (d. 806/1403) 986

Manu(n)za (Berber governor) 108

al-Maqdisī, Hājar bt. Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 874/1468) 933

al-Maqdisī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Dāwūd b. Ḥamza 910

al-Maqdisī, Sharaf al-Dīn (Shafiʿi scholar) 745

al-Maqdisī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Hāʾim (d. 815/1412), Maqāṣid al-iʿrāb 456n44

al-Maqdisī, Taqī al-Dīn Sulaymān b. Ḥamza 909

al-Maqrīzī, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad (d. 846/1442) 749, 963, 966, 967–968, 977

Durar 924n131

Khiṭaṭ 949, 966

ʿUqūd 945, 947, 952

al-Marāghī, Niẓām al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Malik (d. 715/1316) 838

al-Marāghī, al-Zayn (d. 816/1414) 947

Margaret of Provence (Queen of France, r. 1234–1270) 707n141

al-Māridānī, al-Jamāl 623

al-Risāla al-kubrā 623

al-Māridānī, Sibṭ (d. ca. 900/1495) 626, 628tab., 630tab.

Marin, M. 16

al-Marjī, Aḥmad 969n25

al-Marjī, al-Qāsim Naṣr b. Aḥmad, Ḥadīth 927

Markaz al-Muʿjam al-Fiqhī 798n2

Marmura, M. 274

Marsyas (fluteplayer) 878

Mårtensson, U. 23, 338

al-Marūzī, Muḥammad b. Naṣr (d. 294/906), al-Farāʾiḍ 928

Marwān II (Umayyad caliph, r. 127–132/744–750) 135, 137, 685, 700

al-Marwazī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Aḥmad (d. 340/951) 676

Marx, A. 522

Marx, M. 321

Maryam bt. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān 919n91

Maryam bt. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. Ibrāhīm b. Dāwūd b. Ḥāzim al-Adhriʾī al-Miṣrī al-Ḥanafī see Maryam al-Adhriʿiyya

Maryam al-Adhriʿiyya (Umm ʿĪsā, d. 805/1402) 30, 906, 917, 936–937

biography 924, 936–937

education/teachers of 925, 930–931

family of 925, 930, 933

ḥadīth collections transmitted by 926

ijazāt/samāʿāt granted to/by 929, 930, 930n183, 931, 932, 934, 935–936

methods of ḥadīth transmission 934–936

students of

female students 933–934

male students 932–933

see also Muʿjam al-Shaykha Maryam

Maryam/Mary (mother of Jesus) 324, 863–864

in Protoevangelium of James 861–863, 862n54

in Sura of ʿImrān, Q. 3:36 (“And the male is not like the female”) 29, 849–867

Māsarjawaih (Jewish physician) 135, 137

al-Maṣqalī, ʿAlī b. Shujaʿ b. Muḥammad (d. 443/1051), Hikāyat 927

Masri, Ghassan 71, 71n30

al-Masʿūdī (d. 345/956) 378

Masʿūd I of Ghazna (Ghaznavid sultan, r. 1030–1040 CE) 568

Matthā b. Yūnus 461

Mauder, C. 16, 30

al-Māwardī, Abū l-Ḥasan (Alboacen, d. 450/1058)

Adab al-dunyā wa-l-dīn 11

al-Aḥkām al-sulṭaniyya 687n18, 692n44, 694n55, 696n67, 697n72, 751

Mawdūd of Ghazna (Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, r. 1041–1050 CE) 568

Mawlanā ʿAbd al-Jalīl 840

al-Mawṣilī, ʿAlī b. Masʿūd 431

al-Mawṣilī, Ibrāhīm (singer) 898–899

al-Mawṣilī, Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm (singer) 897–898

al-Mawṣilī, Shams al-Dīn (d. 765/1363) 468, 925

al-Maydūmī, al-Ṣadr (d. 754/1353) 925

Mayer, T. 246–247

Maymūn b. Mahrān 132, 137, 138

al-Māzinī (grammarian) 469

Mehmed II the Conqueror (Ottoman sultan, r. 855–884/1451–1481) 986–988, 989

Meier, F. 518

Melchert, C. 675n22

Melchizedek 522

Melvin-Koushki, M.S. 16

Merry, M. 15

Merx, A. 460

Meyerhof, M. 594n57, 595n64

Michaelis, Christian Benedikt (d. 1764) 9n19

Michaelis, Johann David (d. 1791) 9n19

Milligan, J. 15

Mingana, A. 318

Mīr Dāmād (d. 1041/1631) 992

Miriam (sister of Moses and Aaron) 862n54

Mir, M. 85

Miryānus al-Rāhib 135

Miskawayh (Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad b. Muḥammad Ibn Miskawayh, d. 421/1030) xi, xvii, 18, 348, 675, 679

al-Fawz al-aṣghar 203, 204

al-Hawāmil wa-l-shawāmil 202, 204

al-Ḥikma al-khālida/Jāwīdān khirad 204

Kitāb al-Fawz al-akbar 203, 204

Kitāb al-Saʿāda 203–204

life and works 201–205, 204tab.

sources of inspiration 207–210, 213

Tahdhīb al-akhlāq 21, 200, 201, 204, 205–220, 594n56

Tajārib al-umam 200

al-Miṣrī, Dhū l-Nūn see Dhū l-Nūn al-Miṣrī

al-Miṣrī, Rashīd al-Dīn […] (d. 662/1263) 433–434

al-Mizzī, Abū Bakr b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān 952

al-Mizzī, Jamāl al-Dīn (Abū l-Ḥajjāj Yūsuf b. al-Zakī ʿAbd al-Rahmān b. Yūsuf al-Kalbī al-Quḍāʾī, d. 742/1341) 947

Moazzen, M. 17, 29

Modarressi, H. 798–799, 798n3, 822n22, 828n45

Mojaddedi, J. 650–651, 650–651n42

Molenberg, C. 452

Mollā Afḍal-zāde (d. 903/1497) 987, 988

Mollā ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-ʿArabī (d. 901/1495) 987, 988

Mollā ʿAlī al-Qārī (d. 1014/1606) 992, 994, 997

Mollā Ayās (d. after 850/1446) 987

Mollā Fanāri (d. 834/1431) 986, 987

Mollā Ḥamza (father of Mollā Fanāri) 986

Mollā Kastallī (d. 901/1495) 987, 988

Mollā Khaṭīb-zāde (d. 901/1495) 987

Mollā Khayr al-Dīn (d. 879/1474) 987, 988

Mollā Khusraw (d. 885/1480) 987

Mollā Luṭfī (d. 900/1495) 987

Mollā Muṣannifak (d. 875/1470) 987, 989

Mollā Ṣadra see Mullā Ṣadrā

Mollā Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī see Mullā Ṣadrā

Mollā Tayrak 988

Mollā Yagān (d. 841/1430) 987

Mollā Zayrak (d. 903/1497) 987

Montgomery, J. 68, 68n19, 69, 872, 886

Moses 23, 81, 90, 340, 365, 390, 522, 862n54, 896

Mosaic Covenant/Law 23, 72, 323, 327, 331, 333, 341, 343, 346, 348

Moses ben Joshua of Narbonne (d. 1370) 10

Mottahedeh, R. 827

Mourad, S. 333, 357, 361n36, 362

Moyon, M. 610, 627

Muʿādh al-Harrāʾ (d. 187/803) 451, 451n19, 452

al-Muʿadhdhī, Taghrībirdī 949

Muʿādh b. Jabal 357, 379

Muʿāwiya b. Abī Sufyān (Umayyad caliph, r. 661–680 CE) 131, 135, 137

al-Muʾayyadī, Taghrī Birmish (d. 852/1448) 971

Muʾayyad-zāde (d. 922/1516) 988

al-Mubarrad (d. 285/898–899) 469, 489n3

al-Kāmil 534

al-Mufīd, al-Shaykh (d. 413/1022) 799, 801, 802, 803, 805, 808, 810, 812, 821, 824, 825n29

al-Naqd ʿalā Ibn al-Junayd fī ijtihād al-raʾy 801n17

Risālat al-Junaydī ilā ahl Miṣr 801n17

al-Muhallabī (grammarian, d. 592/1196) 468

al-Muhallabī (qāḍī of al-Bahnasā, d. 572/1176–1177) 465

Muḥammad b. ʿAbbād (teacher of Yūnus al-Kātib) 891

Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. Murtaḍā 923

Muḥammad b. Abī Zayd, Kitāb fī ḥukm al-muʿallimīn wa-l-mutaʿallimīn 493n19

Muḥammad Abū Mūsā b. ʿUmar b. Aḥmad b.ʿUmar see al-Madīnī, Abū Mūsā

Muḥammad al-Adhriʿī (brother of Maryam al-Adhriʿiyya, d. 805/1402) 925, 933

Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Qamāqim (d. 864/1459) 932

Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Samʿūn see Nāsir al-Dīn b. Samʿūn

Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Ẓahīra 933

Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Qummī al-Ṣadūq see Shaykh al-Ṣadūq

Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Mūsā b. Bābūya see Shaykh al-Ṣadūq

Muḥammad b. al-Munkadir 131

Muḥammad b. al-Nuʿmān see [al-]Mufīd, al-Shaykh

Muḥammad b. Aslam, al-Arbaʿīn 927

Muḥammad al-Bāqir see [al-]Bāqir, Muḥammad

Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. Ḥaydara al-Qammāh 923

Muḥammad II (Shah of Khwarazm, r. 596–617/1200–1220) 722–723, 722n26

Muḥammad I (Muḥammad Malik Shāh, Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire, r. 1105–1118 CE) 687, 828

Muḥammad b. Isḥāq see Ibn Isḥāq

Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-Nadīm see Ibn al-Nadīm

Muḥammad I Tapar see Muḥammad I

Muḥammad b. Iyās (d. 930/1524) 754

Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar al-Hibatulllāh b. Namā (d. 1248) 838n93

Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar b. al-Zubayr 856n35

Muḥammad Khvāndamīr see Khvāndamīr, Muḥammad

Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd Ibn Najjār (d. 1245) 838n93

Muḥammad b. Malik-Shāh see Muḥammad I

Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Ẓahīra 933

Muḥammad b. Mūsā (d. 2nd half 3rd/late 9th c.) 612

Muḥammad (the Prophet) 121, 123, 126, 126n42, 132, 207, 365

biographies of 23, 51, 317, 319

see also [al-]Sīra al-nabawiyya

call to prophethood 19–20, 98–99, 100, 101–106, 107, 108, 109, 328

contact with/views on other religions 317, 318, 319

on divine hospitality 526, 528, 529–530

on eclipses 271

as educator of humanity/pedagogical function of 19, 81–82, 90–91, 93, 94, 214, 250

first revelation 99, 101n9, 103, 109, 196, 224, 325–326, 328, 329, 330–331, 343, 348

followers of Muḥammad/types of Muslims 376–377

forced conversion/raids led by 362, 363fig., 364, 381, 398

as hero 81, 82, 90, 91, 93

identification of 92–93

political/legal rule of 197, 287–288, 334, 335, 348

prophetic inheritance/teacher lines tracing back to 637, 638–639, 644, 650, 651–652, 653, 660, 664, 669, 671, 791, 818, 837

transmission of God’s instructions by 83–84, 177

Muḥammad b. Saḥnūn see Ibn Saḥnūn

Muḥammad b. Salāma (d. 1149/1736) 450n6

Muḥammad b. Shāh b. Rifāʿa 923

Muḥammad b. Sīrīn (d. 110/719) 130, 132, 134, 135

Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb (ʿAbbasid family member, d. 881/1476) 746

Muḥammad b. Zakariyyāʾ, Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (“Rhazes”, philosopher, physician and alchemist, d. ca. 313/925 or 323/935) 401, 467, 584, 594n56, 597, 601–602n105, 602, 673, 874

Continents 591n47

al-Ḥāwī 594n56

Kitāb fī l-asbāb al-mumīla li-qulūb kathīr min al-nāsʿan afāḍil al-aṭibbāʾilā akhissāʾihim 583–584, 584n10

The spiritual medicine 397n22

Muḥammad b. Zakariyyāʾ b. Yaḥyā 923

al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī (d. 676/1277) 800, 808–811, 811n54, 812, 838

al-Mukhtaṣar al-nāfiʿ 810, 810n53

al-Muʿtabar fī sharḥ al-mukhtaṣar 808, 809, 810n53, 812n61

Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām 809

al-Muḥāsibī, al-Ḥārith 482–483

Muʿizz al-Dawla (Aḥmad b. Būyeh, Buyid emir, r. 945–967 CE) 669

Mujāhid, Aḥmad 22n26

Majmūʿa-yi āthār-i fārsī-yi Aḥmad-i Ghazālī 22n26

Mujāhid b. Jabr (d. 104/722) 128, 130

al-Mujārī (d. 862/1458), Barnāmaj 462

al-Mukhalliṣ (d. 394/1003), al-Juzʾ al-sādis min ḥadīth 927

Mukhāriq (singer, fl. ca. 800–844/5 CE) 897n162

Mullā ʿIzz al-Dīn al-Ḥayy 838

Mullā Ṣadrā (Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī, d. 1050/1640) 303, 303n38, 992

al-Munbajī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar b. Aḥmad b. ʿUmar 923n126

al-Mundhirī, ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm b. ʿAbd al-Qawī (d. 643/1246), Kifāyat al-mutaʿabbid 928

al-Mundhirī (lexicographer, d. 329/941), Naẓm al-jumān 451

Munir-ud-din, A. 489, 489n4

Muʾnisa bt. ʿAlī 931

al-Muntaṣir bi-llāh (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 247–248/861–862) 719n20

Munzawī, ʿAlīnaqī, Nāmahā-yi ʿAyn al-Quḍāt Hamadānī 22n26

al-Murādī, Badr al-Dīn (d. 749/1348) 459, 468, 471

al-Murtaḍā, al-Sharīf (ʿAlam al-Hudā, d. 436/1044) 799, 801–805, 804n26, 805n30,n32, 808, 810, 812, 825, 826

al-Intiṣār fī mā infaradat bihi l-Imāmiyya 801–803, 813

al-Murtaḍā al-Zabīdī see [al-]Zabīdī, al-Murtaḍā

Mūsā al-Hāshimī (ʿAbbasid prince, d. 891/1486) 746, 746n31

Mūsā (ḥadīth transmitter) 856n35

Mūsā b. Naṣīr 139

Mūsā b. Shākir 570

al-Musawaī, Ṣafī al-Dīn Abū Jaʿfa Muḥammad b. Maʿadd (d. after 616/1219) 807

al-Mūsawī, Muḥammad b. Ḥusayn see [al-]Raḍī, al-Sharīf

Muslim b. al-Ḥājjāj (d. 261/875) 103

Ṣaḥīḥ 909, 926, 936n221, 946, 947

Muslim b. Ṣabīḥ (d. 100/718) 128

Muslim b. Yasār (d. 101/719) 129, 133

al-Mustaḍīʾ bi-amr Allāh (Abbasid caliph, r. 1170–1180 CE) 714, 725, 728, 728n42

al-Mustaʿīn bi-llāh (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 248–252/862–866) 719n20, 743, 755

al-Mustakfī bi-llāh, Sulaymān (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 701–740/1302–1340) 745, 747, 760

al-Mustakfī II (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 845–855/1441–1451) 747, 752, 755

al-Mustamsik (ʿAbbadid caliph, r. 903–914/1497–1508, r. 922–923/1516–1517) 747

al-Mustanjid bi-llāh (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 1160–1170 CE) 754, 754n77

al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh, Abū l-Qāsim Aḥmad (1st Caliph of Cairo, r. 1261 CE) 744

al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh (Fatimid caliph, r. 623–640/1226–1242) 715n7

al-Mustawathiq (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 1340–1341 CE) 760

al-Muʿtaḍid bi-llāh (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 753–763/1352–1362) 745–746

al-Muʿtaḍid II (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 816–845/1414–1441) 746, 752, 755

al-Muṭarrizī, al-Miṣbāh 468

al-Muʿtaṣim (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 779/1377 CE) 746

al-Muʿtaṣim bi-llāh (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 833–842 CE) 639, 719n20

al-Mutawakkil (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 847–861 CE) 574, 639, 646, 719n20, 755

al-Mutawakkil II (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 884–903/1479–1497) 745, 747–748, 748n47, 754

al-Mutawakkil III (r. 914–922/1508–1517) 747

al-Muʿtazz bi-llāh (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 252–255/866–869) 719n20

al-Muthannā (ḥadīth transmitter) 856n35

Muwaffaqiyya bt. al-Shihāb Aḥmad b. al-Najm (Khadīja) 953

al-Muzanī (d. 878 CE), Mukhtaṣar 928

al-Nadīm see Ibn al-Nadīm

Nāfiʿ (mawlā of Ibn ʿUmar) 130, 131, 138

al-Naḥḥās see Abū Jaʿfar al-Naḥḥās

al-Naḥwī, Yaḥyā 592n51, 594

Najāshī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī (d. 449/1058) 823, 824, 824n27, 825

Rijāl 826

al-Najjād, Musnad ʿUmar 909

al-Nakhaʿī, Ibrāhīm b. Yazīd 132

Nallino, C.-A. 11, 517–518

al-Nasafī, Abū Ḥafṣ (d. 537/1142) 468, 1002

ʿAqāʾid 987, 990, 997, 1002, 1006

al-Jāmiʿ al-kabīr 455

al-Nasafī, Burhān al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (d. 686/1288) 829, 840

al-Nasafī, Najm al-Dīn see [al-]Nasafī, Abū Ḥafṣ

al-Nasawī, al-Ḥasan b. Sufyān (d. 303/915) 929

al-Nāshī (d. 293/906) 467

Nashiṭ 875n29

Nashwān/Sawda bt. al-Jamāl ʿAbdallāh b. al-ʿAlāʾ 950

Nāṣir al-Dīn Abū l-Baqāʾ b. Abī Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān see Ibn Zurayq

Nāsir al-Dīn b. Samʿūn (d. 737/1337) 931, 931n189

al-Nāṣirī, Fāṭima bt. al-Kamālī Muḥammad b. 951

al-Nāṣirī, Fāṭima bt. Qānībāy al-ʿUmarī 911, 949

al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 575/1180–622/1225) 28, 625, 714, 722

educational policy/reform/patronage 722, 727–736, 729n46, 734

education of 731

ḥadīth transmission by 727, 731–734

interpretive power and authority of 721, 724–725, 727, 732, 734, 735, 762

political alliances 722–723, 722–723n26

re-establishment of unity 718–719, 723–725, 726–727

religious policy 725–727

restoration of Talisman Gate 716–718, 716n13–14, 717n15,n17

restoration as teaching authority (mujtahid) 731, 732, 734

Rūh al-ʿarifīn 732–733

al-Nāṣir Muḥammad (Mamluk sultan, r. 1293–1294 CE) 911

Nasr of Ghazni (commander, governor of Sistan) 575–576

Nasr, S.H. 1, 13, 17, 244–245

al-Naṭanzī, Ḥusayn b. Ibrāhīm (d. 497–499/1103–1106) 454, 459, 468, 471

al-Natīlī (teacher of Ibn Sīnā) 577

Nawas, J. 355n6, 638

al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn (d. 676/1277), al-Arbaʿūn 908, 948

Nawrūz al-Ḥāfizī (Mamluk governor of Tripoli) 743

al-Naysābūrī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. Qutayba, Kitāb al-Ghayba 822

al-Naysābūrī, Faḍl b. Shādān (d. 258/873) 829n53, 840n35

al-Naysābūrī, al-Ḥākim (Abū ʿAbdallah Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdallāh, d. 405/1014) 530

al-Naysābūrī, al-Ḥākim (d. 378/988), ʿUlūm al-ḥadīth 928

Nazim, M. 575

Negri, Salomon (Sulaymān b. Yaʿqub al-Shāmī al-Ṣāliḥānī, Sulaymān al-Aswad, d. 1729) 9, 9n19

Neuwirth, A. 19, 316, 319, 320, 321, 335, 347

Newby, G.D. 326

Newman, J.K. 89

Newton, Isaac (d. 1727) 285

Nicetas Serrensis (Serronius, d. 1117 CE) 460

Nicholson, R.A. 307

Nicolas of Cusa see Cusanus

Nietzsche, Friedrich 873n23

Nifṭawayhi (d. 323/953) 453, 467

Nishāpūrī, ʿAṭṭār see ʿAṭṭār Nīshāpurī

Niẓām al-Mulk al-Ṭūsī (Seljuk vizier, r. 1064–1092 CE) 616, 643, 705–706n132, 826

Siyāsatnāma 688n18, 689n23, 693n50, 699, 699n81, 701n101, 702n107–108, 704n126, 707–708n142

Nöldeke, T. 319–320, 464

Northrup, L. 742

al-Nuʿmān b. al-Mundhir (Lakhmid king, r. 582–602 CE) 324

Nūr al-Dīn (Zengid ruler, r. 541–569/1146–1174) 725

Nushirwan see Chosroes I

al-Nuwayrī, Aḥmad (d. 733/1333) 751

Nihāyat al-arab 493

Oettinger, A. (ed.), The prince and the ascetic (Ibn Ḥasday) 540n4

O’Kane, John 298n2

Oljeytū (Muḥammad Khudābanda, Ilkhan ruler, r. 703–715/1304–1316) 837–839, 840n108

Oribasius (d. 403 CE) 591n47, 592n51

Origen (d. ca. 253 CE) 707n142

Orkhān Bey (Ottoman sultan, r. 724–763/1324–1362) 985

Panikkar, R. 257n41

Pārsā (Muḥammad Pārsā al-Bukhārī, d. 822/1420)

Anīs 477–478, 479

Dhikr-i Quṭb al-aqṭāb khwāja-yi ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār 479

Risāla-yi qudsiyya 478

Paul (apostle) 5n9

Paul the Persian 347

Paulus Aegineta 591n47, 592n51

Pedersen, J. 12, 573

Pellat, C. 11, 518

Pelosi, F. 881

Pepin I (King of Aquitaine, r. 817–838 CE) 686, 702

Petrus Venerabilis (d. 1156 CE, abbot of Cluny Abbey) 7

Petry, C. 757

Pfeiffer, J. 836

Pharaoh 896

Philagrius, Philogelos 511

Philip IV (King of France, r. 1285–1314 CE) 707n141

Philoponus 588

De aeternitate mundi 601n105

Philoxenos of Cythera 879

Pielow, D. 17–18

Plato (d. 347 BC) 147, 148, 186, 196, 207, 208, 390, 587, 588n32, 601, 678, 871, 876n44

Ion 878, 882, 899

Meno 250n20

on music 878–880, 880, 889

Phaidros 878–879

Politeia 287–288

Republic 1008

on the soul and its faculties 397n22, 1005

Symposium 520, 878, 889

theory of recollection 167, 167–168n58, 172n72

Plotinus 541–542

Enneads 284n70

Plutarch (120 CE), The banquet of the seven wise men 520

Pococke, Edward (d. 1691), Philosophus autodidactus 10, 10n21

Pomerantz, M.A. 17

Porphyry (d. ca. 305 CE) 207

Praet, R. 379

Prozorov, S.M. 12

pseudo-Aristotle, Book of the apple 539

pseudo-Hippocrates, Heptads 599

Ptolemy (d. ca. 180 CE) 44, 625

Almagest 285n72, 286, 573, 611, 615, 617, 622, 623

Apotelesmatics 591n46

Tetrabiblos 591n46

Pythagoras (d. ca. 495 BC) 168n59, 207

al-Qabbānī, Ibrāhīm b. Ẓāfir b. Muḥammād (d. 724/1324) 922

Qabīṣa b. Dhuʾayb 123n23

al-Qābisī (d. 356/967) 641n16

al-Qābisī (d. 403/1012) 491, 497, 508n101, 509, 509n104

Qāḍī ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ibn Nahrīr see Ibn al-Barrāj

al-Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ b. Mūsā (d. 544/1149) 524n32, 934

al-Qadīmān (“The two ancient scholars”) see Ibn Abī ʿAqīl; Ibn al-Junayd al-Iskāfī

al-Qādir (Abbasid caliph, r. 991–1031 CE) 676

al-Qāhirī, Shams Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh 954

al-Qāhirī, Zaynab bt. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. al-Ḥusayn al-ʿIrāqī (d. 865/1461) 909, 951–952

Qaḥṭān 366, 382

al-Qaḥṭānī 660

Qalāwūn (Sultan of Egypt and Syria, r. 1279–1290 CE) 967

al-Qalfāṭ, Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā b. Zakariyyāʾ (d. 302/914–915) 453, 454, 458, 467

al-Qālī (grammarian) 469

al-Qalqashandī 749

al-Qarashī, Qays b. al-Sāʾib 128

al-Qarṭājannī (d. 684/1285) 468

Qāshānī, Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbdallāh b. Muḥammad (fl. late 8th/early 14th c.) 837, 838

al-Qāsim b. Abī Bazat 857n35

al-Qāsim b. ʿUbayd Allāh b. Sulaymān b. Wahb (Abbasid vizier, r. 901–904 CE) 613n7

al-Qasrī, Khālid b. Yazīd 138

al-Qasṭalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn (d. 923/1517) 747

Qatāda (ḥadīth transmitter) 526, 856n35, 858

al-Qayṣarī, Dāwūd/ʿĀlam al-Dīn (d. 751/1350) 622, 985

al-Qaysī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (d. 842/1438) 933

Qāytbāy (Sultan of Egypt and Syria, r. 872–901/1468–1496) 754

al-Qazwīnī, Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad, Talkhīṣ al-miftāḥ 468

Qazwīnī, ʿAbd al-Jalīl (d. after 584/1189), Kitāb al-Naqḍ 819, 826, 827–829, 828n48, 829n51, 830, 835, 838, 841n112

al-Qazwīnī, Najm al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ghaffār, al-Ḥāwī l-ṣaghīr fī l-furūʿ 908

al-Qazwīnī, Najm al-Dīn ʿAlī b. ʿUmar al-Kātibī (Dabīrān, in Persian, d. 675/1276) 839

al-Qibābī 918

al-Qifṭī see Ibn al-Qifṭī

al-Qimmanī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan b. Ibrāhīm b. al-Ḥasan al-Anṣārī 924

al-Qirmisīnī (Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhim b. Aḥmad b. al-Ḥasan, d. 358/968), Ḥadīth al-Anmāṭī 926

al-Qudsī, Abū Ḥāmid (d. 1483) 750n54

Duwal al-Islām al-sharīfa l-bahiyya 968

al-Qumī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-Ṣaffār (d. 290/903) 822

Baṣāiʾr al-darajāt 820, 820n7

al-Qummī, ʿAlī b. Bābawayh see [al-]Ṣadūq al-Awwal

al-Qummī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Bābawayh see Shaykh al-Ṣadūq

al-Qumrī, Kitāb Ghinā wa-munā 583n7

al-Qūnawī, Nūḥ b. Muṣṭafā 991n39

al-Qūnawī, Ṣadr al-Dīn, Miftāḥ al-ghayb 986

al-Qurashī, Muḥammad b. Baktūt 923

al-Qurashī, Muḥammad b. Zakariyyāʾ b. Yaḥyā b. Masʿūd b. Ghunayma b. ʿUmar al-Suwaydāʾī 922

al-Qurashī, Saʿid b. ʿĀmir b. Ḥudhaym 366

al-Quraẓī, Muḥammad b. Kaʿab 333

al-Qushayrī, ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Abū Naṣr (d. 514/1120) 620

al-Qushayrī, Abū l-Qāsīm (ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Hawāzin al-Qushayrī, d. 465/1072) 249, 658

Iʿtiqād ahl al-sunna 995n51

Laṭāʾif al-Ishārāt 659–660

al-Risāla 995n51

al-Qūshjī, ʿAlī (d. 879/1474) 626, 628tab., 986, 988, 989

al-Quṭāmī, al-Sharqī (d. 150/767) 467

Qutbuddin, Tahera 397n22

Quṭrub (d. 206/821) 489

Muthallat 455, 468

Rabīʿat al-Raʾy (d. 136/753) 130, 131

al-Rabī b. Ḥabīb b. ʿAmr al-Farāhīdī (ḥadīth transmitter, d. ca. 175/791–792) 775, 776n29

al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ 774–775, 774n22, 856n35

al-Rabīʿ b. Ziyād 135

Racy, A.J. 871–872, 872n8, 895n144

Raḍī al-Dīn Abū l-Qāsim ʿAlī b. Mūsā b. Jaʿar Ibn Ṭāwūs see Ibn Ṭāwūs

al-Raḍī, al-Sharīf (d. 406/1016), Nahj al-balāghah 820n6, 825, 826

Radscheit, M. 321, 335, 345

Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlallāh (d. 718/1318) 837

al-Rawas, I.A.A. 788n106

al-Rāzī, Abū Bakr see Abū Bakr al-Rāzī Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Jaṣṣāṣ (Hanafi scholar); Muḥammad b. Zakariyyāʾ, Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (philosopher, physician and alchemist)

al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn (d. 606/1209–1210) 214, 299, 484, 626, 728n41, 839, 839n100, 984, 987–988, 989

al-Arbaʿīn fī uṣūl al-dīn 995, 995n51

interpretation of Q. 3:36 (“And the male is not like the female”) 854, 860–862, 864, 865–866

Kitāb Asrār al-tanzīl 995n51

on logic 984

Mafātīh al-ghayb/al-Tafsīr al-kabīr 860–861

al-Masāʾil al-khamsūn 985

al-Muḥaṣṣal 985

refutations of 993, 996

al-Rāzī, Ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (ḥadīth scholar, d. 525/1130)

Juzʾ 936n221

Sudāsiyyāt 927

al-Rāzī, Quṭb al-Dīn (d. 766/1365) 984

Reland, Adriaan (Adrianus Relandus, d. 1718), Enchiridion studiosi 9

Renan, E. 287n79, 571

Renn, J. 17

Rescher, O. 11

Retsö, J. 68

Revard S.V. 89

Reynolds, G.S. 321

Rhazes see Muḥammad b. Zakariyyāʾ, Abū Bakr al-Rāzī

Richards, D.S. 494

Rihan, M. 357

Ritter, H. 299n14

Robin, C. 68

Robinson, J.T. 578n13

Rosenthal, F. 12, 45–46, 460n71, 464, 489n4, 491, 492n16, 507n93, 509, 777n36

Rostgaard, F. (d. 1745) 9–10

Rotter, E. 108

Rouget, G. 872, 878, 884, 895n144

Rudolph, U. 16

Rufus 591n47

al-Ruhāwī, Isḥāq b. ʿAlī 585, 587, 588n34–35

Rukn al-Dawla (Ḥasan, Būyid emir, r. 935–976 CE) 573, 669, 672, 824, 826

al-Rūmī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Aswad (student of al-Taftāzānī, d. 795/1392) 986

Rūmī, Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad (d. 672/1273) xi, 246n4

on adab 308, 310

biography 298–300

Dīwān-i shams 300

educational principles 303, 307–310

Fīhi mā fīhi 300n17

on humanity 303–308

Maktūbāt 300n17

Mathnawī-i maʿnawī 23, 298, 300, 301–310

Mawāʿiẓ majālis-i sabʿa 300n17

Rūmīl (ancestor of the Greeks) 378

al-Rūmī, Qāḍizādeh (d. 832/1429) 626, 628tab., 630tab.

al-Rummānī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā (thinker and linguist, d. 384/994) 50, 469, 673, 679

Ruqayya bt. al-Sharaf Muḥammad 956

al-Ṣābūnī, Abū l-Faḍl Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm al-Juʿfī, al-Fākhīr 800, 800n13

Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ 127, 377

al-Ṣādiq, al-Jaʿfar (6th Twelver Imam, d. 147/765) 647, 655, 656n56, 820–822, 820n4, 821n9, 822n19

Ṣadr al-Sharīʿa (d. 747/1346) 984

al-Ṣadūq al-Awwal (ʿAlī b. Bābawayh al-Qummī, d. 329/941) 798n2, 800n13, 810

Risāla 800, 800n13

al-Ṣafadī, Khalīl (d. 763/1363) 745

Ṣafī al-Dīn, Shaykh (d. 734/1334) 840

Ṣāḥib b. ʿAbbād (Abū l-Qāsim Ismāʿīl b. ʿAbbād, Buyid vizier, d. 385/995) 674, 826, 880

Sahin, A. 18

Sahl b. Hārūn (d. 215/831) 54n13

Saʿīda bt. ʿAbd al-Malik b. Yūsuf b. Muḥammad b. Qudāma al-Maqdisiyya 916

Saʿīd b. al-Āṣ 128

Ṣāʿid b. al-Ḥasan 603

Saʿīd (ḥadīth transmitter) 856n35

Saʿīd b. Jubayr (d. 84/703) 128, 135, 139

Saʿīd b. Zayd 377

Sājaqlī-zāde Meḥmed Efendī (d. 1145/1732)

classification of the sciences 996–997

Nashr al-Ṭawāliʿ 996

Risāla fī l-radd 996n53

Tartīb al-ʿulūm 995n54

al-Sakhāwī (d. 643/1245) 468

al-Sakhāwī, Shams al-Dīn (d. 902–1497) 610, 623, 624, 925, 946, 948

biography 943

al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʿ li-ahl al-qarn al-tāsiʿ 622, 746, 908, 910, 912, 914–915, 924n131, 930n183, 942, 945, 947, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 957

ijāzas of 954

al-Iʿlān 918

Kitāb al-Nisāʾ 30, 942, 943–944, 953, 956

al-Sakkākī, Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf b. Abī Bakr b. Muḥammad al-Khwārazmī Sirāj al-Dīn (rhetorician) 852, 863

Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn (Ayyubid ruler, r. 567–589/1171–1193) 725

Salāḥ Mahdī ʿAbbās 922

Salama b. al-Fadl (d. ca. 191/806) 325, 500

Salamah (ḥadīth transmitter) 856n35

al-Salāwī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-Mijrādī see Ibn al-Mijrād

Saliba, G. 15

Sāliḥ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān 138

Ṣāliḥ b. al-Rashīd 886

al-Ṣāliḥānī, Sulaymān b. Yaʿqūb al-Shāmī see Negri, Salomon

Ṣāliḥ b. Kaysān (d. 140/757) 128, 136, 137

Sālim Abū l-ʿAlāʾ (after 126/743) 533, 533n83

Sālim b. Aḥmad al-Muntajab (d. 611/1214) 468

al-Salimi, A. 772, 774n17

Sālim (mawlā of Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik) 136

Sallāma (singing-girl) 870

al-Samarqandī, Shams al-Dīn (d. ca. 702/1303) 984

Ashkāl al-taʾsīs 627

al-Ṣaḥāʾif al-ilāhiyya 985

Ṣamṣām al-Dawla (Abū Kālījār Marzubān, Buyid emir, r. 983–998 CE) 674

Samuel Ibn Tibbon (ca. 1165–1232 CE) 546, 557

Perush ha-millim ha-zarot 548n29

Sanāʾī (Majdūd b. Ādam al-Ghaznawī, d. 525/1131), Ilāhī nāmah 301, 301n24

Sancho IV (King of Castile and Léon, r. 1284–1295 CE) 699–700, 701n99, 706n134, 707, 707n140,n142, 708, 708n143

Castigos e documentos para bien vivir 688, 690n27, 692, 693n50,n52, 694, 695, 696, 697n72,n75–76, 698, 699–700, 701, 702n107–108, 703n113, 704, 705–706, 707–708, 707n140,n142, 708n143

al-Sanūsī, Muḥammad b. Yūsuf (d. 895/1490) 993, 995, 995n51

Sāra bt. al-Taqī ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-Kāfī 910, 947

Sāra (daughter of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Muḥammad) 947

al-Ṣarīfīnī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad b. al-Azhar (d. 641/1243) 619, 620

al-Sarrāj 455n38, 663

al-Lumaʿ 645

Saul (King of Israel, fl. ca. 1000 BCE) 402

Sauvaire, H. 10

Savage-Smith, E. 16

Sawa, G.D. 872

Sayeed, A. 925

Sayyid Abū ʿAbdallāh 828

Sayyida bt. Mūsā al-Mārāniyya (d. 695/1295) 915

Schacht, J. (d. 1969) 594n57, 595n64, 772

Scheiner, J. 17, 23

Schimmel, A. 304, 741, 760, 761

Schmid, H. 716, 716n13

Schmidtke, S 17, 18

Schoeler, G. xi, 13, 19–20, 67, 325

Schönberger, J. 872, 873

Schwartz, W. 772

Sedilius Scottus (d. 860), De rectoribus christianis 687n15

Selīm I (Ottoman sultan, r. 1512–1520) 990, 991

Serronius (Nicetas Serrensis, d. 1117 CE) 460

Sextus Empiricus 879n70

Sezgin, F. 12, 454, 455n39

al-Shaʿbī 133

al-Shāfiʿī, Abū Bakr (d. 204/820) 48, 58, 420, 532, 533, 571, 675, 676, 730n50

Ḥadīth ʿAmr b. Dīnar 926

al-Shāfiʿī, Aḥmad al-Ḥalabī (a reader of al-Mashyakha l-Baghdādiyya) 430, 431

al-Shāfiʿī, Muḥammad Abū Bakr b. ʿUmar al-Naṣṣībī al-Ḥalabī (a reader of Muʿam al-Shaykha Maryam, d. 916/1510) 920

al-Shahīd al-Awwal (d. 786/1384) 800, 811

Shahin, A. 17

al-Shahrastānī, Muḥammad (d. 548/1153) 725n32, 995

Kitāb al-Milal wa-l-niḥal 479–480

al-Shahrazūrī (d. 687/1288) 203, 204

Shahrḥawshab 139

Shāh-Rukh (Timurid ruler, r. 1405–1447) 841

Shakespeare (d. 1616), William 870n1

Shalaby, A. 11, 489, 489n4, 495, 495n32

al-Shalawbīnī (d. 645–1247) 465n89

al-Shammākhī 774n17

Shams al-Badr 746

Shams al-Dīn Ibn Labbān, Taʾwīlāt al-mutashābihāt 995n52

Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Nubāta 747

Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Tabrīzī (d. after 645/1247) 299–300, 299n14

Shams al-Dīn, Shaykh 968

Shams al-Maʿālī b. Qābūs b. Wushmagīr (Ziyarid amīr, r. 366–371/977–981, 388–403/998–1012) 568

al-Shams b. Rajab 909, 946

Shāpūr b. Ardashīr (Buyid vizier, d. 416/1025) 826

Sharaf al-Dawla (Buyid vizier in Baghdad, r. 372–379/983–989) 573, 574

Sharīfa bt. Abī l-Barakāt 931

Shāriya (singing-girl) 882, 887, 887n107, 890, 891, 892

al-Shāṭibī, Abū l-Qāsim (d. 783/1381), Qaṣīda lāmiyya fī l-naḥw 458, 948n33

al-Shāṭibī, Abū l-Qāsim b. Firruh (d. 590/1194) 464, 468, 469

Shāṭibiyya 458, 948

al-Shawkānī, Muḥammad (d. 647/1250) 908

al-Shaybānī (d. 189/804) 460n67, 467

al-Jāmiʿ al-kabīr 455

al-Shaybānī, Ḥanbal b. Isḥāq (d. 273/886)

Juzʾ 914

Kitāb al-Fitan 913

Shayba b. Niṣāḥ 127

al-Shaybī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 837/1433) 933

Shaykh al-Ṣadūq (Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Qummī al-Ṣadūq, d. 381/991) 800, 801, 809, 809n45, 810, 824–825, 824n27–28

al-Amālī 824n28

Man lā yaḥḍurahu al-faqīh 821, 824

al-Shaykh al-Ṭāʾifa see [al-]Ṭūsī, al-Shaykh al-Ṭāʾifa

Shaykh Bahāʾi see [al-]ʿĀmilī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn

Shaykh al-Maḥmūdī (Sultan of Egypt, r. 1412–1421) 743

al-Shayzarī (fl. ca. 4th quarter 6th/12th c.) 497

Nihāyat al-rutba fī ṭalab al-ḥisba 494, 494n28

Shiloah, A. 886n102

al-Shimshāṭī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad (d. 453/1061) 624

al-Shirāzī, Quṭb al-Dīn (d. 710/1311) 13, 617

Nihāyat al-idrāk 617

al-Shīrāzī, Ṣadr al-Dīn see Mullā Ṣadrā

Shoshan, B. 357

Shubayl b. ʿAzra (ca. 140/757) 467

al-Shunaynī (5th/11th century) 468

Shūshtarī, Mullā Badr al-Dīn 838

Sībawayhi 469

Kitāb 460

al-Sijāʿī (d. 1190/1777) 458n59

al-Sijilmāsī (d. 1057/1647) 450n6

al-Sijistānī, Abū Sulaymān (d. between 329/985 and 334/990) 678, 823

al-Sijzī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Jalīl (d. after 388/998) 617

Kitāb fī tashīl al-subul li-stikhrāj al-masāʾil al-handasiyya 614–615

al-Silafī, Abū Ṭāhir (d. 576/1180) 439

al-Arbaʿūn al-buldāniyya 926, 929

Mashyakha 381

al-Silafī al-Iṣbahanī al-Ṣūfī (al-Silafī Shams al-Dīn, d. 1182) 434–435

Sinai, N. 316, 319, 320, 321, 335, 347

Sinān Pāshā (son of Mollā Khaṭīb-zāde, d. 891/1486) 987

al-Ṣinhāhī, ʿAbdallāh b. ʿAlī b. ʿUmar b. Shibl 923

al-Ṣinhājī, Hājar bt. ʿAlī 931

al-Ṣinhājī, Sitt al-ʿArab ʿĀʾisha bt. ʿAlī 931

al-Siqillī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh b. Zafar, Sulwān al-muṭāʿ fī ʿudwān al-at-bā 948n34

al-Sīrāfī (grammarian) 469, 679

Sitt al-ʿAbīd bt. ʿUmar b. Abī Bakr al-Dunyasīr 931

Sitt al-Ahl bt. ʿAlwān b. Saʿd b. ʿAlwān al-Baʿlabakkiyya (d. 703/1303) 913

Sitt al-ʿAjam Fāṭima bt. Muḥammad 931

Sitt al-Fuqahāʾ al-Wāsiṭiyya 914

Sitt al-Fuqahāʾ bt. Muḥammad 931

Sitt al-Quḍāh bt. Abī Bakr b. Zurayq (d. 863/1458) 910

Sitt al-Quḍāh bt. Aḥmad b. Abī Bakr b. ʿAbdallāh b. Ẓāhira 946

Sitt al-Shām Khadīja bt. ʿAlī 931

Sittīta bt. al-ʿAlam Ṣāliḥ b. al-Sirāj (Amāʾim) 953

al-Siyūrī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Abī l-Ḥusayn 923

Sizgorich, T. 357

Skemp, R.R. 286

Smaragdus of St. Mihiel (d. 840), Via regia 687n15

Smith, D. 523, 525

Smith, W.R. 521

Socrates (d. 399 BCE) 164n49, 207, 601n105

Phaedo 881

Solomon ben Isaac, Likkutei ha-Pardes 539n3

Solomon (King of Israel, r. 970–931 BCE) 547, 550, 554–555, 556, 557, 558, 896n150

Speyer, H. 319

Stallman, R.C. 521–522

Stelzer, S. 22, 779

Stephanus Byzantius (fl. mid-6th c.) 590n44

Stern, J. 557n59

Stern, S.M. 541n10

Stetkevych, S. 70

Stewart, D. 15, 675

Stowasser, B. xvii, 26

Strohmaier, G. 596n70

Stroumsa, G. 62

al-Subkī, Tāj al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (d. 771/1370) 916, 991, 995

Muʿīd al-niʿam wa-mubīd al-niqam 493

Ṭabaqāt 677, 677n32

al-Subkī, Taqī al-Dīn (d. 756/1355) 991, 991n39

Sublet, J. 24, 421

Subtelny, M.E. 13

al-Sūddī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (d. 127/744) 128

Sufyān b. ʿUyayna (d. 198/813), Ḥadīth 926

Suhrawardī, Shihāb al-Dīn Yaḥyā (founder of School of Illumination, d. 587/1191) 404–405

Āwāz-i parr-i Jibrāʾīl 24, 404–415

Majmūʿa-yi muṣannafāt 404–405n6–7

translations of works 404–405n6

al-Suhrawardī, ʿUmar (mystic, d. 632/1234) 719, 724, 725n32, 727, 729n46, 733

ʿAwārif al-maʿārif 715–716

Idālat al-ʿiyān ʿalā l-burhān 733n68

Rashf al-naṣāʾiḥ al-īmāniyya wa-kashf al-faḍāʾiḥ al-yūnāniyya 733n68

tomb of 715–716, 716n12

Sukayna bt. al-Ḥusayn 885, 894

al-Sulamī, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (d. 412/1021) 27, 638–639, 644–646, 926

criticism on 657–658

Ḥaqāʾiq al-tafsīr 646–650, 650n40, 654, 655, 658, 660

impact on education 663–665

on “perfect human being” 660–662

on Quranic interpretation 653–659, 660, 662

Ṭabaqāt al-Ṣūfiyya 646, 650–653, 650n40

use of aphorisms 656–657, 658, 663

works 645–646

Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik (Umayyad caliph, r. 715–717 CE) 123n19, 138, 139

Sulaymān b. Mahrān see al-Aʿmash

Sulaymān b. Mūsā (slave of Muʿāwiya, d. 119/737) 131

Sulaymān al-Mustakfī bi-llāh see [al-]Mustakfī bi-llāh

Sulaymān b. Yasār (d. 107/725) 130

Sulṭān al-ʿUlamāʾ Bahāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Ḥusayn see Bahāʾ-i Walad

al-Sunāmīʿ, ʿUmar b. Muḥammad (fl. 7th–8th/13th–14th c.) 494n27

Sunbul (mawlā of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-Azīz) 137

al-Surramarrī, al-Jamāl (d. 776/1374) 468, 470

al-Suʿūdī, Balbān b. ʿAbdallāh 923

al-Suyūṭī, Abū Bakr Kamāl al-Dīn (d. 885/1480) 748

al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (d. 911/1505) 465, 484, 657–658, 733, 746, 746n31, 748, 748n47, 749, 750, 753, 757, 759, 993, 995

al-Ashbāh wa-l-naẓāʾir 457, 458, 459

female teachers of 916

Inbāʾ al-adhkiyāʾ bi-ḥayāt al-anbiyāʾ 951

al-Itqān fī ʿulūm al-Qurʾān 480, 485–486

Naẓm al-ʿiqyān 918

Swain, S. 209

al-Ṭabarānī, Sulaymān b. Aḥmad (d. 360/970), Makārim al-akhlāq 926

al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Jarīr b. Yazīd (d. 310/923) xi, 50, 58, 316, 652

background and career 337

ijāzāt 856n35

interpretation of Q. 3:36 (“And the male is not like the female”) 854–857, 864–865, 866

Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āy al-Qurʾān 23, 315, 323, 325, 338–341, 855, 859

Tārīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk 23, 315, 316, 323, 325, 342–346, 359

al-Ṭabarī, Jarīr b. Yazīd (father of Abū Jaʿfar al-Ṭabarī) 337, 338

al-Ṭabarī, al-Muḥibb (d. 695/1295) 946

Tabbaa, Yasser 716n13

Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Zamān (fl. early 12th/18th c.) 838

al-Taftāzānī, Saʿd al-Dīn (d. 793/1390) 732–733, 984, 985, 986, 987, 992, 995, 1002

negligence and refutations of 988, 989, 990, 997

Sharḥ al-ʿAqāʾid 989, 990, 1006

Ṭāhā Ḥusayn, al-Ayyām 500

al-Tahānawī (d. 12th/18th c.) 1002, 1004

al-Ṭaḥāwī, Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad (d. 321/933), al-ʿAqīda 991

Ṭāhir b. ʿAbdallāh (Shafiʿi judge, d. 450/1058) 677

Ṭāhir b. Ḥusayn 699n81

Risāla 686n11, 694n55, 695n63, 696n68, 706n132

al-Tāʾifī, ʿAbdallāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā (d. 840/1436) 933

Tāj al-Dīn Ibn Maktūm (d. 749/1348) 459, 468, 470

Ṭalḥa b. ʿUbaydallāh 129, 377

Tamīm b. ʿĀmir b. ʿAlqama (d. 283/896) 467

al-Ṭanāḥī, M.M. 453n29,n33, 454

al-Tanukhī, Abū Isḥāq 678, 918, 948

al-Tanūkhī, Usāma b. Zayd 138

al-Taqī al-Ṣāiʾgh 930, 930n183

al-Taqī b. Fahd, Muʿjam 952

al-Taqī Sulaymān 925

Taşköprüzade (d. 968/1561) 987

Tatar bt. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad 909–910

al-Tawātī, M. 678

al-Tawḥīdī, Abū Ḥayyān (d. 414/1023) 202–203, 670–671, 674, 675, 677

Akhlāq al-wazīrayn 202, 673

al-Imtāʿwa-l-muʾānasa 202

on logic 680

on nobility and nature of knowledge 678–679

Risāla fī aqsām al-ʿulūm 679

Ṭāwūs b. Kaysān (d. 106/724) 130, 132, 138

Tayādhuq (d. ca. 95/714) 467

Taym Allāh b. Thaʿlaba 129

Tekish (Shah of the Khwarazmian Empire, r. 1172–1200 CE) 723n26

Tertullian (ca. 155–ca. 240 CE), De Carne Christi 6n13

Teule, H. 116–117

al-Thaʿālibī, Abū Manṣūr (d. 429/1038)

Fiqh al-lugha 455, 468

Yatīmat al-dahr 202

Thābit b. Qurra (mathematician, astronomer, d. 288/901) 613n7, 625–626

introduction to Euclid’s Elements 613

Kitāb al-Qarasṭūn 611–614

Kitāb al-Thiql wa-l-khiffa (ed.) 612

Spherics (ed.) 616

Thaʿlab (d. 291/904) 469

Faṣīḥ 455, 468

al-Thānī, al-Shahīd (d. 965/1558) 811

al-Thānī, al-Mufīd (son of Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, d. after 511–1117) 827

al-Thaqafī al-Kūfī, Muḥammad b. Muslim (d. 150/767) 821–822

Juzʾ al-Arbaʾīn 926

Theodore of Antioch (d. 580/1185) 622

Theodor of Mopsuestia (Antiochene bishop, d. 428/429 CE) 324

Theodosius 625

Spherics 616, 626

Theon of Alexandria 881n77

Thessalus (son of Hippocrates, fl. 5th–4th c. BC) 599n91

Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274) 523

De regimine principum 688n22

Thucydides (d. ca. 400 BC) 52

Thurayya (mawlā of ʿUmar b. Abī Rabīʿa) 126

Tibawi, A.L. 11

Tīmūr (1st Timurid ruler, r. 771–807/1370–1405) 986, 989

Timūr b. ʿAbdallāh Shihāb al-Dīn (d. 798/1396) 971

Tirmidhī (d. 279/892), Jāmiʿ al-Saḥīḥ 638n4

Titus (Roman emperor, r. 79–81 CE) 378

Totah, K.A. 11

Trajan (Roman emperor, r. 98–117 CE) 105

Treiger A. 266n18

Tritton, A.S. 489, 489n4, 496, 501n66

al-Ṭughrāʾī (d. 515/1121) 468

Ṭughrill III (Seljuq sultan, r. 1176–1194 CE) 723n26

Turner, V.W. 896

al-Ṭūsī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn (d. 877/1472) 986, 989

Tahāfut 989

al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan see [al-]Ṭūsī, al-Shaykh al-Ṭāʾifa

al-Ṭūsī, Naṣīr al-Dīn (d. 672/1274) 616n16, 622, 625, 830, 836, 839, 839n100, 984

Ādāb al-mutaʿallimīn 830, 830–835, 830n57

on choosing teachers 831–832

on repetition and memorization 832–834

Taḥrīr of Euclid’s Elements 626

Taḥrīr of The middle books 626

Taḥrīr of Ptolemy’s Almagest 617

Tajrīd al-ʿaqāʾid 985, 987

textbook on ʿilm al-hayʾa 617

al-Ṭūsī, Niẓām al-Mulk see Niẓām al-Mulk [al-]Ṭūsī

al-Ṭūsī, al-Shaykh al-Ṭāʾifa (Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī, d. 460/1067) 805n31–32, 807, 808, 812, 823, 824, 825, 827

Fihrist 826

interpretation of Q. 3:36 (“And the male is not like the female”) 854, 857–858, 864, 865, 866

al-Istibṣār 824

al-Khilāf 813

negligence and refutations of/by 804–806, 806n35, 807n38, 808, 810, 814

Tahdhīb al-aḥkām 805n29–30, 824

al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān 857

al-Tustarī, Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḥākim 838

al-Tustarī, Sahl b. ʿAbdallāh (d. 283/896) 249–250, 655–656, 657

al-Tuzarī, Khadīja bt. ʿUthmān b. 931

“the two ancient scholars”see [al-]Qadīmān

ʿUbaydallah b. al-Ḥabhāb 138

ʿUbaydallah b. Ziyād 138

ʿUbayd b. Ḥunayn (d. 106/724) 127

ʿUbayd b. ʿUmayr (preacher/narrator of tales, d. ca. 68/687) 101–102, 104

Ucar, B. 15

Ulaf (member of al-Bulqīnī family) 949

ʿUlayya (half-sister of Hārūn al-Rashīd) 895, 895n149

Ullmann, M. 462, 462n78, 463n79, 466

Ulugh Beg 627n47

al-ʿUmānī, al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī Ibn Abī ʿAqīl see Ibn Abī ʿAqīl

ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Muḥammad 947

ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-Azīz (Umayyad caliph, r. 717–720 CE) 130, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139

ʿUmar b. Abī Rabīʿa (d. ca. 93/712) 884, 894, 901

ʿUmar, Aḥmad Mukhtār (d. 2003) 853–854, 853n21

ʿUmar b. Aḥmad (scribe) 627

ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb (Rashidun caliph, r. 634–644 CE) 357, 363, 364, 373, 376, 377, 495, 640, 786n94

al-ʿUmarī, Akram Ḍiyāʾ 356, 360, 361

ʿUmar II (ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-Azīz, Umayyad caliph, r. 99–101/717–720) 773n12

ʿUmar b. Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā 923

ʿUmar (son of al-Dhahabī) 426

Umayya 891

Umm al-Ḥasan Fāṭima bt. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAmr al-Farrāʾ 910

Umm al-Ḥusayn bt. ʿAbd al-Waḥīd b. al-Zayn 946

Umm al-Kirām al-Marwaziyya 924n133

Umm ʿĪsā see Maryam al-Adhriʿiyya

Umm Khawānd 949

Umm Salama (wife of the Prophet, d. 59/678) 127, 908

ʿUnṣur al-Maʿālī Kaykāʾūs b. Iskandar, Qābūsnāma 687–688n18, 706n136

ʿUnṣurī, Abū ʾl-Qāsim Ḥasan Aḥmad (poet) 576

ʿUqfān (mawlā of Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik) 139

ʿUqla, ʿIṣām 357

ʿUrwa b. al-Zubayr (d. ca. 94/713) 103, 104, 330

ʿUsayrān, ʿAfīf, Nāmahā-yi ʿAyn al-Quḍāt Hamadānī 22n26

al-Ūshī, Sirāj al-Dīn, Qaṣidat badʾ 997

al-Ushnahī, Ṣaliḥ (d. 738/1337) 925

ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān (Rashidūn caliph, r. 644–656 CE) 122n17, 134, 339, 780, 908

ʿUthmān, Muḥammad 920–921

Vajda, Georges 417, 446

Valerian (Roman emperor, r. 253–260 CE) 378

Vallat, P. 185

van Bruinessen, M. 16

van Ess, J. 14, 268, 357, 772

van Gelder, G.J. 13, 518, 880n75

van Steenbergen, Jo 758

Virgil (d. 19 BC) 86

Vollers, C. 517

von Erdmann, F. 378

von Hammer-Purgstall, J. 11

von Haneberg, D.B. 11

von See, K. (d. 2013) 106, 108

al-Wādī-Āshī see Ibn Jābir

Wahb b. Munabbih, Abū ʿAbd Allāh (narrator and author-transmitter, d. 110/728 or 114/732) 333

al-Wāḥidī, ʿAlī b. Aḥmad (d. 468/1075) 657

al-Wahrānī, Ibn Abī Jumʿa al-Maghrāwī 509n103

al-Walīd I (al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik, Umayyad caliph, 705–715 CE) 123n20, 135, 136, 137

blasphemy and apostacy 893, 895

effect of ṭarab on 891–892

al-Walīd II (Umayyad caliph, r. 743–744 CE) 893

Walther, W. 16

al-Wānī, Abū l-Ḥasan (d. 727/1326) 923, 925, 930

Mashyakha 926, 929

al-Wānī, Amīn al-Dīn 914

Waraqa b. Nawfal (cousin of Khadīja, wife of the Prophet, d. ca. 610 CE) 99, 327, 330, 343, 348

Wardān (mawlā of ʿAmr b. al-Āṣṣ/early Muslim commander) 137, 378

al-Washshāʾ, Abū Ṭayyib (d. 325/937) 871, 882, 888, 888n114, 890, 893

Muwashshā 882n81, 888

al-Washshāʾ, al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī (companion of 8th Imam) 821

al-Wāthiq (ʿAbbasid caliph, r. 785–791/1383–1386) 747, 895

Wellhausen, J. 65

Wensinck, A. 377

Wiederhold, L. 754

Wilkinson, J.C. 772, 773n12, 774n20, 790

Ibāḍism 772n7

Wisnovsky, R. 14–15

Witkam, Jan Just 418n9, 423

Wright, C.S. 957n67

Wüstenfeld, F. 10

Xenophon (354 BCE) 528

Symposium 520

al-Yāburī, al-Shantamarī (d. 553/1158) 468

al-Yāfiʿī, Muḥammad b. Mūsā b. ʿAlī (d. 823/1420) 932

al-Yāfʿī, Umm al-Ḥusayn bt. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbdallāh b. Asʿad 908

Yaḥyā b. Abī Kathīr 132

Yaḥyā Abū l-Qāsim 716n12

Yaḥyā b. ʿAdī see Ibn ʿAdī

Yaḥyā b. Aktham (d. 243/857) 502n71

Yaḥyā b. Muḥammad b. Saʿd 914

Yaḥyā b. Nujaym (d. ca. 215/830) 453, 453n30, 467

Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd 593n52, 601

Yaḥyā b. Waththāb (d. 103/721) 127

Yaḥyā (Yuḥannā) b. al-Biṭrīq 874

Yaʿqūb b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (son of al-Mutawakkil II) 748

Yaʿqūb (ḥadīth transmitter) 858, 865

Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī (d. 626/1229) 132, 203, 204

Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 201

Yasār (grandfather of Ibn Isḥāq/mawla, al-Muṭṭalib) 324

al-Yashkurī, Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. Manṣūr (d. ca. 370/980) 454, 458, 467

Yazīd b. ʿAbī Aslam (mawlā of al-Ḥajjāj) 138

Yazīd b. Abī Ḥabīb (d. 127/744) 131, 132

Yazīd b. Abī Sufyān 354, 358

Yazīd b. al-Muhallab (provincial governor) 128, 133

Yazīd (ḥadīth transmitter) 856n35

al-Yazīdī (d. 202/818) 451

al-Yazīd II (Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Malīk, Umayyad caliph, r. 720–724 CE) 133, 138, 870, 897

al-Yazīd III (Yazīd b. Walīd, Umayyad caliph, r. 744 CE) 135, 892

al-Yāzijī, N., Nār al-Qurā 466

Young, M.J.L. 13

al-Yūnīnī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (d. 658/1260) 908

Yūnus b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān 803–804

Yūnus al-Kātib (d. ca. 147/765) 891

Yuṣuf b. Shāhīn (scribe, d. 899/1449) 906, 920, 921

al-Zabīdī, al-Murtaḍā al-Ḥusaynī (d. 1205/1791) 450, 919, 920, 921, 994–995

Itḥāf al-sāda 995, 995n51

Tāj al-ʿarūs 489n3, 517

Zachariah 851

Zahīda bt. Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Mawṣilī al-Khabbāz 909

al-Ẓāhir Baybars see Baybars

al-Ẓāhirī, Khalīl b. Shāhīn (d. 872/1468), Zubdat al-kashf 752

al-Ẓāhir Jaqmaq (Mamluk sultan, r. 842–857/1438–1453) 752

al-Zajjāj (Abū Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Sarī, grammarian, d. 311/923) 469

al-Zajjājī (Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbd Raḥmān b. Isḥāq, d. 337/949 or later) 469

Jumal 455, 456, 457, 462, 468

Majālis 451n19

Zakariyyāʾ al-Muʿtaṣim see [al-]Muʿtaṣim

Zakharia, K. 511n108

al-Zamakhsharī, Abū l-Qāsim Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar (d. 538/1144) 468, 852, 864, 865, 866

interpretation of Q. 3:36 (“And the male is not like the female”) 854, 858–860

al-Kashshāf ʿan ḥaqāʾiq ghawāmiḍ al-tanzīl wa-ʿuyūn al-aqāwīl fī wujūh al-taʾwīl 858, 996

Mufaṣṣal 455, 468

al-Zamalkānī, Kamāl al-Dīn 923

Zaman, Muhamad Qasim 637n1, 640n9

al-Zanjānī, al-Taṣrīf al-ʿIzzī 468

Zaqqāq 249

Zargar, C. 404

al-Zarkashī, Muḥammad (d. 794–1392) 480

al-Zarkashī, al-Zayn 951

al-Zarnūjī, Burhān al-Dīn (d. 620/1223) 511, 830

Taʿlīm al-mutaʿallim ṭarīq al-taʿallum 8, 9, 463n80, 830, 830n57

al-Zarqālī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. Yaḥyā (Arzachel, 419–479/1029–1087) 285n72

Zayd b. ʿAmr 327

Zayd b. Aslam (d. 136/753) 129, 131

Zayd b. Thābit (d. 45/665) 127

Zaynab bt. ʿAbdallāh b. Aḥmad (d. 855/1542) 909, 931

Zaynab bt. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad 945–946

Zaynab al-Ṭūkhiyya 908–909

Zaynab bt. Ismāʿīl b. Aḥmad 909

Zaynab bt. Ismāʿīl b. al-Khabbāz 912

Zaynab bt. Kamāl al-Dīn (d. 740/1339) 912, 913, 914, 916, 917, 931

Zaynab bt. Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh 910, 944, 945

Zayn al-Dīn al-Ḥasan b. Abī Ṭālib see al-Ābī, al-Fāḍil

Zayn al-Dīn Ṣidqa 499n61

Ziaka, A. 772, 772n7

al-Ziriklī, al-Aʿlam 924n131, 925n137, 931

Ziryab (singer, d. 857 CE) 897n162

Ziyād b. Abīhi 137

Ziyād (mawlā of Ibn ʿAyyāsh) 131

Zubayda (wife of Hārūn al-Rashīd, d. 210/831) 714n3

al-Zubaydī (d. 379/989) 451, 454, 469

Ṭabaqāt 452n27, 454n32

Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām (d. 656) 377

Zuhayr 69–70

al-Zuhrī, Ibn Shihāb (d. 124/742) 133, 330, 334, 343, 530

Zumurrud Khātūn (d. 599/1203) 714–715, 718, 726

tomb of 714–715, 714n3–n4, 716n13

Zurāra b. Aʿān (d. 150/767) 820n4, 821

Zwemer, S.M. 500, 500n64

Zysow, A., 805, 805n32

Index of Geographical Names and Toponyms

This index lists earthly places as well as (educational) institutions and other organizations. Otherworldly locations (e.g., paradise and hell) appear in the Index of Topics and Keywords.

Individual madrasas are listed under the main entry “madrasas” and individual ribāṭs under the main entry “ribāṭs”.

ʿAbbasid Palace (Palace in the Citadel, Baghdad) 716

Ābeh (Āva) 828

Abu Dhabi xiv

Abyssinia 82, 321, 327, 334, 335, 336, 344

Adana 628tab.

Afghanistan 298, 567, 568

ʿAjam 989

Ajnādayn 379, 380

Aksum 318, 327, 333, 334, 335, 336

Alamūt 725n32

Aleppo 299, 426, 628tab., 914, 946, 951, 988

Alexandria 27, 137, 181n99, 186, 439, 591n47, 628tab.

see also Alexandrian school

Algiers 628tab.

Amasya 628tab.

Amid 627, 630tab.

Amman 733

Amu Darya River (Oxus) 567, 568

Āmul 337, 823, 855

ʿAmwās (the ancient Emmaus) 380

Anatolia 299, 723n27, 837n87, 840, 997

Eastern 617, 618, 631–632

madrasas 618

mathematical/astronomical education 625

scholars/scholarship 986, 987, 988, 989

al-Andalus/Andalusia 93, 138, 546, 632

mathematical/astronomical education 610, 628tab.

scholars/scholarship 8, 12, 276, 285n72, 456, 492, 539, 542, 547, 547n27, 555, 555n51, 558, 916

schools 610

teachers 627, 916

Antioch 137, 380

Arabia 108, 321, 526, 875, 876n41, 901

Eastern 823n24

North 366

pre-Islamic 65, 66–68, 83, 100, 896

South 356, 366, 374

Arabian Peninsula 374, 517, 884–885

Church of the East in 114, 116

mathematical/astronomical education 629tab.

political situation 326, 327, 335, 354

primary education in 500

scholars/scholarship 631

writing on 66–68

ʿArafāt see Mount Arafat

al-Arza 914

Ashrafiya Library (Damascus) 17

Asia xiv

Asian University for Women (Chittagong) xiii

Atabāt (Shiʿi Holy Shrines, Iraq) 827

Athens 181n99

Australia xiii

Ayasofya Mosque (Istanbul) 986

ʿAyntāb 629tab.

ʿAyn Tamr 323, 324

Baalbek 929, 946

Babylonia 881, 896

Baghdad 53, 570, 713–714

caliphate 28, 669, 672, 713, 719n22, 721–727, 750, 762, 823n24

courts 202, 532, 573, 669, 674

dār al-siyāda in 837, 837n87

libraries 573, 715

mathematical/astronomical education 616, 618, 627, 629tab., 630tab.

observatory 574–575

political situation 674, 721–723, 727, 742, 744

religious policy 724–726

scholars/scholarship 186, 202, 262, 337, 361fig., 428, 435, 569, 577, 617, 670–671, 675, 679, 727, 742, 823, 824, 825, 826

schools/madrasas/educational institutions 50, 347, 616, 618, 625, 627, 714, 720, 728–729, 826

Seljuq rule 827

social networks 14

social situation 723–727

Talisman Gate (Bāb al-Ṭilasm) 716–718, 726, 734

teaching sessions 438

al-Bahnasā 465

Bahrain archipelago 115

Baku 629tab.

Balkh (Afghanistan) 298, 299, 299n8, 677, 823, 824

Balqā (Jordan) 327

Bangladesh xiii

Barcelona 539, 540, 542, 546

Basra 133, 356, 360

Ibadism 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776n29, 778, 783, 784, 785n87,n90, 787, 789

scholars/scholarship 57, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 361, 361fig., 454, 458, 541n10, 774n20, 789, 870

schools and madrasas in 50, 788

teaching circles 128, 129, 774, 787

Bayhaq 828

Bayt al-Ḥikma (House of Wisdom, research library/center, Baghdad) 569–570, 573

Bekaa Valley (Lebanon) 374

Bet ʿAbē monastery 113, 114

Bukhara 568, 570, 629tab.

Bulaq 504

Bursa 627, 628tab., 630tab.

Bybassos 590n44

Byzantium 44, 334, 335, 347, 393, 874–875, 882

Caesarea 380

Cairo 916, 920, 929

education of caliphs 744–749, 750, 754

Mamluk education 966, 971, 977

mathematical/astronomical education 617, 627, 628tab.

scholars/scholarship 361tab., 428, 435, 622, 623, 624, 741, 750, 754, 757, 758, 762, 763, 906, 924, 932–933, 934, 943, 991n39

schools/madrasas 617, 627, 742, 911, 944–945

Sultanate 741–744, 752, 761–763

Cairo University 11

Calcutta 629tab.

Cambodia xiii

Cambridge 600

Canada xiv, xv

Caria 590, 590n44

Casablanca 10

Caspian Sea 337, 568, 723

Castile 543

Caucasus 629tab.

Central Asia 26, 567, 568, 569, 576, 578, 617, 625, 629tab., 631, 722n26

Chersonesus 590n44

China xi, xiii, 58, 521n23, 569, 722

Collège de France (Paris) 8, 9

College of New Jersey (Princeton University) xiv

Colombia University (New York) xiv

Constantinople 380

Cordoba 573

Crimea-Kazan 997

Dacca 629tab.

Damascus 115, 131, 379, 380, 429n34, 570, 750, 910, 929

madrasas/ribāṭs/educational institutions 617, 618, 624, 627, 911, 913, 914

mathematical/astronomical education 617, 618, 624, 627, 628tab.

medical education 137

observatory 570

scholars/scholarship 10, 126n46, 299, 361fig., 431, 583n8, 745, 746, 910, 930, 930n183, 932–933, 945n15, 946

teachers 136, 617, 913, 914, 946

Dār al-Siyāda-i Sulṭānī (Herat) 841

al-Dāthina 377

Daylam 669

Dhū Qār 346

Dirin (Bahrain archipelago) 116

Diyar Bakr 629tab.

East Asia 576

Eastern Arabia 823n24

Eastern Iran 26, 567, 568, 569

Ebla 520

Effat University (Jeddah) xiii

Egypt 12, 15, 101n11, 380, 520, 569, 617, 750, 750n54, 922, 963, 990, 997

educational institutions/madrasas 494n30, 618, 619, 627, 631

Mamluk education 966, 967, 971, 977

mathematical/astronomical education 618, 619, 625, 627, 628tab., 631

scholars/scholarship xi, 361, 361fig., 493, 615, 622, 732, 924, 925, 930n183, 946, 955, 993

scholar-caliphs 28, 731, 732, 734, 741, 743–749, 753, 763

teachers in 504, 914, 946

see also Cairo

Elephantine 520

Emar 520

England 108, 110

Eqypt 130, 131, 132, 137, 138

Erdine 628tab.

Erevan 629tab.

Erzerum 627, 628tab., 630tab.

Ethiopia 68n20

Euphrates 729

Europe xi, xiii, 2, 7, 19, 48, 109, 228, 460, 571, 867

European Union xiii

Ewha Womans University (Seoul) xiii

Farghāna 824

Fatih Mosque (Istanbul) 986

Fes 628tab.

Fiḥl 367, 377, 379, 380

France 26, 539, 552n45, 555, 558

Germany xv, 2

Ghaybat al-Mahdī (Baghdad) 716n13

Ghaybat al-Mahdī (Samarra) 725n33

Ghazna (Ghazni) 568, 575

Ghent University 379

Gibraltar, Strait of 109

Giessen (Germany) 10

Gīlān 669

Gondishapur see Jundishapur

Gorgan 568, 823

Göttingen, University of 18

Granada 10, 628tab.

Great Britain xiv

Greater Syria (Bilād al-Shām) 12, 23, 131, 132, 138, 354, 378

Great Mosque (Baghdad) 727

Great Mosque (Umayyad Mosque, Damascus) 624, 913

Greece 228, 460, 569

Guadix 929

Gulf of Oman 723

Gulf states xiii

Gurgān (Iran) see Gorgan

Gurganj (capital of Khwārazm) 568, 574, 575

Ḥabash 82

Hadramawt 789

al-Ḥākimī Mosque (Cairo) 925

Halle/Saale (Germany) 9n19

Hama 914, 929

Hamadan 361fig., 629tab., 824

Ḥarrān 137

Harvard College (Cambridge MA) xiv

Ḥawrān 374

Hejaz/Hijaz 68, 68n20, 82, 130, 326, 327, 345, 346, 930n183, 993

scholars/scholarship 361, 361fig., 435, 622, 747, 877

Herat 629tab., 840, 989, 992

Hijaz see Hejaz

Ḥilla 29, 798, 800, 806, 807, 810, 814, 827, 839n100

Ḥimṣ see Homs

Hindu Kush 93

al-Ḥīra 67, 325, 346

Holy Shrines (Atabāt, Iraq) 827

Homs/Ḥimṣ 131, 361fig., 367, 379, 914, 929, 946

House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Ḥikma, library/research center, Baghdad) 569–570, 573

Hyderabad 629tab.

Ifrīqiya 138, 492, 775n26

India xiii, 43, 52, 58, 540, 568, 569, 576, 631, 715, 997

mathematical/astronomical education 625, 629tab.

Indonesia 15, 867

Indus River 723

Institut de Recherche et d’ Histoire des Textes (IRHT-CNRS, Paris) 421

International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC, Kuala Lumpur) 31, 1001, 1006n38

Iran 531–532, 617, 715n7, 732

Eastern 26, 567, 568, 569

madrasas 631

mathematical/astronomical education 625, 629tab., 631, 632

Northern 669

scholars/scholarship 262, 361, 567, 615

Western 615

see also Persia

Iraq 15, 68n20, 137, 354, 359, 393, 552n45, 569, 661, 669, 722, 732, 823n24

Christian communities 379, 380

fighters 362–364, 363fig., 368, 381, 382

mathematical/astronomical education 629tab., 632

scholars/scholarship 323, 361–362

see also Baghdad

IRHT see Institut de Recherche et d’ Histoire des Textes

ʿĪsā Canal (Baghdad) 729, 729n46

Isfahan 361fig., 432n40, 629tab., 630tab., 672, 826, 827, 837

ISTAC see International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization

Istanbul 206, 627, 628tab., 630tab., 986, 987, 989, 991, 992

Italy 8

Iznik (Nicaea, Turkey) 985

Jabal al-ʿĀmil (region, Lebanon) 827

Jaipur 629tab.

al-Jāmiʿ al-Muẓaffarī (mosque, Damascus) 910

Japan xiii

Jaxartes 723

Jayḥūn 567

Jazira/Jazīra (Upper Mesopotamia) 132, 138, 615, 617, 619

Jazīrat al-Rawḍa (Egypt) 138

Jeddah xvi, 1002n3

Jerusalem 522, 628tab.

Jordan 520

Jundishapur (Gondishapur) 569

Kabul 629tab.

Kafr Baṭnā 929

Kaiseri 628tab.

Karahisar 628tab.

Kāshān 127, 629tab., 819, 823, 827, 828, 837

Kashgar 627, 631

Kashmir 576

Kastamonu 628tab., 630tab.

Kāth 567, 568, 574

Khānghāh-i Riyān (madrasa, Rayy) 828

Khaskoy 628tab.

Khatūnī ribāṭ 625

Khorasan/Khurāsān 122, 132, 299, 576, 647, 687, 789, 823n4, 824, 984, 992

Khuzestan (province) 569

Khwārazm 567, 568, 570

King’s College (Colombia University, New York) xiv

Kirmān 837

Konya 299, 299n8, 300, 306, 310, 617, 628tab., 989

Korea xiii

Kuala Lumpur 31, 1001, 1002n4

Kufa 67n18, 127, 139, 356, 360, 361, 821n14, 822n19

medical education 137

scholars/scholarship 57, 130, 131, 361fig., 821, 822

schools/teaching circles/educational institutions 50, 129, 133, 824, 837

teachers/teaching 122n18, 123n19

Kuşadası 628tab.

Kütahya 628tab.

Ladik 628tab.

Lady Sri Ram University (Delhi) xiii

Lahore 629tab.

Lakhm (Arab kingdom) 323, 327

Latin America xiv

Lebanon xi, 15, 827

Leiden (Netherlands) 10

Leipzig, University of 18

Levant 924

Lucknow 629tab.

Lunel (France) 546

McGill University (Montreal) 18

Madaba 520–521

madrasas

ʿAlī Jāstī (Rayy) 828

ʿArab shāhī (Ābeh) 828

Athīr al-Mulk (Qom) 828

Badriyya 622

Bishiriyya (al-Sharābiyya, Baghdad) 716

Dammāghiyya (Syria) 746

Dār al-Shifāʾ (Sivas, Turkey) 617

al-Ḍiyāʾiyya (Damascus) 913

Fatḥiyya (Varāmīn) 828

Fayḍiyya (Qom) 828n45

Gök (Sivas, Turkey) 617

al-Ḥanābila (Damascus) 913

al-Hijāziyya (Cairo) 911

ʿIzz al-Mulkī (Ābeh) 828

ʿIzziyya (Cairo) 618

ʿIzziyya (Kāshān) 828

Jānī Khān (Qom) 828n45

Khvāja ʿAbd al-Jabbār Mufīd (Rayy) 828

Khvāja Imām Rashīd Rāzī (Rayy) 828

Kūyi Fīrūza (Rayy) 828

Majdiyya (Kāshān) 828

Murtaḍā-yi Kabīr (Qom) 828

al-Mustanṣiriyya (Baghdad) 715, 715n7, 716, 716n13

al-Nāṣiriyya (Baghdad) 730

Niẓāmiyya (Baghdad) 262, 616, 625, 730

Niẓāmiyya (Mosul) 616, 618

Niẓāmiyya (Nishapur) 619

Qiyāthiyya (Qom) 828n45

al-Quṭbiyya 949

Raḍawiyya (Qom) 828n45

Raḍawiyya (Varāmīn) 828

Saʿd Ṣalat (Qom) 828

Ṣafawiyya (Kāshān) 828

Sahib Atā Medresesi (Konya) 617

Ṣaliḥiyya (Cairo) 944–945, 945n15, 946

Sayyāra (Sultāniyya) 838, 839

Sayyid Imām Zayn al-Dīn Amīr Sharaf Shāh al-Ḥasanī (Qom) 828

Sayyid Saʿīd ʿIzz al-Dīn Murtaḍā (Qom) 828

Sayyid Tāj al-Dīn Muḥammad (Rayy) 828

Shams al-Dīn Murtadā (Qom) 828

Shams al-Islām (Rayy) 828

Sharafiyya (Kāshān) 828

Shaykh Ḥaydar (Rayy) 828

Sulṭānī (Iran) 17

Umm al-Sulṭān (al-Tibbāna) 911

Umm Khawānd (Egypt?) 949

Ustād Abū l-Ḥasan Kumayj (Qom) 828

Ẓahīr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (Qom) 828

Ẓāhiriyya (Cairo) 944

Maghreb 419, 456n43, 467, 492, 610, 627, 773, 916

Makhatchkala 629tab.

Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Diniyya (Cairo) 920

Malaysia 1001

Manisa 628tab.

Marāgha 839

Mardin 629tab.

Marrakesh 10, 285, 286, 287

Marv 619, 824

Marzubāniyya district (Baghdad) 729n46

Mashhad 262, 629tab., 841

Mashriq 456, 467

al-Mausil see Mosul

al-Mawsil see Mosul

Mecca 123n19, 318, 327, 376, 575, 732, 786, 1002n3

Kaʿba 100, 724

mathematical/astronomical education 624, 629tab.

pilgrimages to 100, 714n3, 807, 882

pre-Islamic 100

Prophet’s mission 334, 345, 398

scholars/scholarship 127, 128, 130, 131, 747, 824, 947

schools 500n64

tomb of Zumurrud Khātūn 714

Medina 104, 123n20, 126, 126n46, 139, 354, 364, 365, 375, 376, 732, 750, 824, 943

mathematical/astronomical education 629tab.

musical education 126

pre-Islamic 100

scholars/scholarship 130–131, 323, 324, 361fig., 372, 821, 822, 912

teachers/teaching 122n18

Mediterranean 525, 685

Mesopotamia 86, 321, 327, 346, 374, 520, 578, 685, 722

Mesudi 628tab.

Middle East xiv, 867

Miṣr see Egypt

Moab 520

Morocco 15, 492, 823n24

Mosque of the Prophet (Medina) 912

Mosul 327, 361fig., 616, 618, 622, 629tab., 685

Mount Arafat 342, 714

Mount Hira/Ḥirāʾ 98, 101n9, 103

Mount Izla (Nisibis) 113

Mount Nebo (Jordan) 520

Mount Qāsyūn (Damascus) 570, 913–914, 916

Nabataea 520

Najaf 629tab., 819, 827

Najrān 318, 319, 333, 335, 344

Naʿmān 342

Narbonne 546

National University of Singapore xiv

Navarre 543

Near East 43, 52, 520, 525

Nepal xiii

New York University xiv

Nile Delta 374

Nile-to-Oxus region 81, 93, 94

Nishapur 619, 620, 657n59, 674, 822, 824, 826

Nisibis 113

North Africa 276, 628tab., 632, 771, 778, 785, 789, 993, 997

North America xiii, xiv, 2, 7

North Arabia 366

Northern Iran 669

Nūba 128, 131

Nysa 876n41

Occident 7, 736

Oman 771, 773, 775n26, 776n29, 778, 784n83, 785n90, 789

Oxford 10

Oxus see Amu Darya River

Pakistan xiii, 15

Palace in the Citadel (ʿAbbasid Palace, Baghdad) 716

Palestine xi, 374, 520

Palmyra 520

Paris 9, 10

Patna 629tab.

Pergamum 595, 595n63

Persia 52, 132, 531–532, 552n45, 669, 722n26, 901

madrasas 827, 837, 838

music/singing in 875, 882, 889, 890

power struggle between Byzantine Empire and 335, 344–346

see also Iran

Persian Gulf 722

Peshawar 629tab.

Petra 520

Philippines 15

Phoenicia 520

Phrygia 876, 876n41, 879

Princeton University (New Jersey) xiv, 18

Punjab 576

Pyrenees 108, 108n33

Qādisiyya 127

Qaramānī 985

see Mount Qāsyūn (Damascus)

Qatar xiv

Qazwīn 823, 835

Qom/Qum 798n2, 821, 822n19

madrasas 819, 827, 828, 828n45

mathematical/astronomical education 629tab.

scholars/scholarship 822

Quraysh 327

Rabat 628tab.

Ramla 361fig.

Rampur 629tab.

Raqqa 131

Rasht 629tab.

Rayy

libraries 573, 826

madrasas 819, 827, 828, 841n112

mathematical/astronomical education 629tab.

observatory 574

scholars/scholarship 201, 202, 203, 568, 674, 822, 824, 835

ribāṭs

Baldaq 914

al-Marzubāniyya (Baghdad) 729, 729n46, 734

al-Qalānisī (Qaysūn) 913–914

Rome 10, 393

Rum 837n87

Rumeli 628tab.

Russia xi

Sabzawār 827, 828, 840

Ṣāḥibī Library (Rayy) 826

Salerno 7

al-Ṣāliyya (quarter, Damascus) 929, 945n15

Samarqand 572, 629tab., 824

Samarra 725

Sarajevo 628tab.

Sarakhs 824

Saudi Arabia xiii, 997

Sāvah 826

School of Nisibis 113

Seleucia-Ctesiphon 380

Seville 284, 286

Shah Rūd Valley (Daylam, Persia) 669

Shakhrisabz (Uzbekistan) 841n111

Shamakhi 629tab.

al-Shammāsiyya (quarter, Baghdad) 570

Shanghai xiv

al-Sharafiyya (Aleppo) 426

Shaykhū Mosque (Cairo) 925

Sheba 554

Shiraz 629tab., 674, 837, 837n87

Shirvan 629tab.

Sinai Peninsula 374

Singapore xiv

Sistan 576

Sivas 617, 627, 628tab., 837

Smyrna 595n63

South Arabia 356, 366, 374

South Asia 540

Spain 43, 109, 419, 701n99, 722

cultural and literary scene 542, 547, 547n27, 552n45, 558

scholars/scholarship 26, 539, 542, 555, 555n50

Sri Lanka xiii

Strait of Gibraltar 109

Sulṭāniyya 838, 839

Syria 68n20, 101n11, 321, 327, 354, 356, 359, 617, 732, 823n24, 963, 990

Christian communities 378, 379, 380, 382–383

fighters 362–364, 363fig., 368, 375, 381, 382

Greater Syria (Bilād al-Shām) 12, 23, 131, 132, 138, 354, 378

madrasas/educational institutions 494n30, 619, 627, 631

mathematical/astronomical education 615, 618, 625, 627, 628tab., 631

scholars/scholarship 300, 361–362, 361fig., 372, 622, 745, 943, 993

see also Damascus; Futūḥ al-Shām

Syrnos 590n44

Ṭabaristān 337, 568, 840

Tabriz 629tab., 837, 837n87

Tāhart 775n26, 778

al-Ṭāʾif 933

Talisman Gate (Bāb al-Ṭilasm, Baghdad) 716–718, 726, 734

Ṭarābulus 971

Tarifa 706n134

Tarsus 628tab.

Tashkent 629tab.

Tehran 201

Temple of Jerusalem 522

al-Tibbāna 911

Tiflis 629tab.

Tigris River 713, 714, 715, 729, 882

Tikrit 722

Tlemcen 492, 628tab.

Tokat 627, 628tab., 630tab.

Toledo 8, 547, 552n45

Trabzon 628tab.

Transoxiana 567, 984

Tripoli 628tab.

Tsuda University (Tokyo) xiii

Tunis 7, 628tab.

Turkey xi, 993

Turkmenistan 568

Ṭūs 262, 822, 826

Ufuq Software Company 920–921

Ugarit 520

Umayyad Mosque (Great Mosque, Damascus) 624, 913

United States xii, xiv, xv, 867

University of Rostock 721n24, 734n72

Urgentch 629tab.

Üsküdar 628tab., 630tab.

Utrecht (The Netherlands) 9

Uzbekistan 567, 841n111

Van 627, 628tab., 630tab.

Varāmīn 828

Warwick University 18

Wāsiṭ 131

Western Iran 615

Yale University (New Haven) xiv

Yalvaçli 630tab.

Yamāma 132

al-Yarmūk 367, 376n55, 377, 379, 380

Yathrib 331, 332, 376

Yazd 629tab., 837

Yemen 130, 132, 138, 318, 327, 356, 375

Yenişehr 628tab., 630tab.

Zagros Mountains 669

Zumurrud Khātūn mausoleum (Baghdad) 714

Index of Book Titles and Other Texts

This index includes book titles and texts in their original language as well as manuscripts, followed by the author (wherever possible). Individual manuscripts are listed under the main entry “manuscripts”. The Quran and the Bible are included in the Index of Topics and Keywords.

Italics were used for book titles, regular font for essays, chapters in books, and manuscripts. Quotation marks have been used to indicate an essay or chapter.

“al-” and “l-” are neglected in sorting at the beginning of titles and following “Kitāb”.

Aʿazz mā yuṭlab (Ibn Tūmart) 287n80

Abhandlung über das Schul- und Lehrwesen der Mohamedaner im Mittelalter (von Haneberg) 11

Adab al-dunyā wa-l-dīn (al-Māwardī) 11

al-Adab al-kabīr (Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ) 205, 533

Adab al-kātib (Ibn Qutayba) 888, 894n142, 1003–1004

Ādāb al-mutaʿallimīn (Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī) 830, 830–835, 830n57

al-Adab al-ṣaghīr (Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ) 205

Ad glauconem (Galen) 586, 598, 598n84

De aeternitate mundi (Philoponus) 601n105

al-Aḥkām al-sulṭāniyya (al-Māwardī) 687n18, 692n44, 694n55, 696n67, 697n72, 751

On airs, waters, places (Hippocrates) 598, 599

Ājurrūmiyya (Ibn Ājurrūm) 466, 468

Die Akademien der Araber und ihre Lehrer (Wüstenfeld) 10

Akhbār al-ḥamqā wa-l-mughaffalīn (Ibn al-Jawzī) 504n82

Akhlāq al-nafs see [De]Moribus

Akhlāq al-wazīrayn (Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī) 202, 673

Aʿlām al-nisāʾ (Kaḥḥāla) 924n131

al-Aʿlām (al-Ziriklī) 924n131, 925n137, 931

Alfiyya (Ibn Mālik) 449, 449n3, 457, 462, 463n81, 464

Alfiyya (Ibn Muʿṭī) 449, 455, 457, 462, 463

Almagest (Ptolemy) 285n72, 286, 573, 611, 615, 617, 622, 623

Amālī (Abī Saʿīd al-Naqqāsh) 927

Amālī (Abū ʿAbdallāh b. Ismāʿīl al-Maḥāmilī) 926

Amālī (Ibn al-Naṣīr) 909

Amālī (Shaykh al-Ṣadūq) 824n28

De anatomicis administrationibus (Galen) 598n84

De anima (Aristotle) 150, 150n9, 154n17, 164, 164n50, 165, 172, 173n75, 208–209

Anīs al-ṭālibīn wa-ʿuddat al-sālikīn (Pārsā) 477–478, 479

Aphorisms (Hippocrates) 598, 599, 600, 601

Apotelesmatics (Ptolemy) 591n46

ʿAqāʾid (Abū Ḥafṣ al-Nasafī) 987, 990, 997, 1002, 1006

ʿAqīda (Abū Isḥāq al-Shīrāzī) 995n51

ʿAqīda (Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad al-Ṭaḥāwī) 991

Arabian nights 891

The Arabic book (Pedersen) 12, 573

“Arabic didactic verse” (Van Gelder) 13

Arabic literary salons in the Islamic Middle Ages (Ali) 15

Arabic manuscript tradition (Gacek) 13, 612

Arabisch-islamische Enzyklopädien: Formen und Funktionen (Biesterfeld) 14

al-Arbaʿūn (ʿAbd al-Malik al-Juwaynī) 926

al-Arbaʿūn (al-Ājurrī) 909

al-Arbaʿūn al-buldāniyya (Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad al-Bakrī) 927

al-Arbaʿūn al-buldāniyya (Abū Ṭāhir al-Silafī) 926, 929

al-Arbaʿūn al-thaqafiyya 929

al-Arbaʿūn (al-Bayhaqī) 927

al-Arbaʿūn fī uṣūl al-dīn (Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī) 995, 995n51

al-Arbaʿūn (Muḥammad b. Aslam) 927

al-Arbaʿūn (Muḥyī al-Dīn al-Nawawī) 908, 948

Ars medica (Galen) 586, 587n29

Ars Minor (Donatus) 452, 460

Ärztliches Leben und Denken im arabischen Mittelalter (Bürgel) 582n5, 584n14

al-Ashbāh wa-l-naẓāʾir (Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī) 457, 458, 459

Ashkāl al-taʾsīs (Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī) 627

ʿAshrat aḥādīth muntaqāh min al-muntaqā min ḥadīth al-Layth (al-Layth) 927

Asmāʾ al-ṣaḥāba (Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥman al-Daghūlī) 928

Āthār al-uwal fī tartīb al-duwal (Ḥasan al-ʿAbbāsī) 752

Āvāz-i parr-i Jibrāʾīl (Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī) 24, 405–406

angel and interior temple in 406–409, 410

city in 406, 410

Gabriel’s wing in 411, 413–415

open field in 406, 410

preserved tablet/tablet of the soul in 410–411

tailoring in 409

words of the cosmos in 411–413

Avicenna and the visionary recital (Corbin) 407

ʿAwārif al-maʿārif (ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī) 715–716

Ay farzand (Persian equivalent of Ayyuhā l-walad) 22n26

ʿAyniyya (Aḥmad al-Ghazālī) 22n26

al-Ayyām (Ṭāhā Ḥusayn) 500

Ayyuhā l-walad (Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī) 11, 22, 22n26, 244–245, 246, 247, 248, 252, 256n40

Baarlaam and Josaphat see [The] prince and the ascetic

The Bacchae (Euripides) 876, 877, 884

Baḥr al-fawāʾid (anonymous) 688n18

Banquet (Dante Alighieri) 520

The banquet of the seven wise men (Plutarch) 520

Barnāmaj (al-Mujārī) 462

Baṣāiʾr al-darajāt (Ṣaffār al-Qumī) 820, 820n7

Ben ha-melek wĕ-ha-nāzîr see [The] prince and the ascetic

Bibliographie systhématique sur l’ éducation islamique (Belambri) 13

Bibliothèque orientale, ou dictionnaire universel contenant tout ce qui regarde la connoissance des peuples de l’ Orient (d’ Herbelot) 9

Bidāyat al-hidāya (Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī) 17

Bidāyat al-mujtahid (Ibn Rushd) 812n63

Biography of the Prophet Muhammad see [al-]Sīra al-nabawiyya

Book of the apple (pseudo-Aristotle) 539

Book of bone-setting (Hippocrates) 600

The book of commandments (Maimonides) 539, 539n3

Book of the elements (Isaac Israeli) 539, 539n3, 546n24

Book of fracture and contusion (Hippocrates) 600

Book of wounds (Hippocrates) 600

Book […] written for Ibn Wahb, on how to proceed when solving geometrical problems (Thābit b. Qurra) 613

al-Bukhalāʾ (al-Jāḥiẓ) 534

Canon Masʿudicus (al-Birūnī) 569

De Carne Christi (Tertullian) 6n13

Castigos e documentos para bien vivir (Sancho IV) 688, 688n20–21, 690n27, 696

on educational engagement by rulers 698, 698n80, 708

on emotional restraint 693n50

on forgiveness and mercy 693n52, 694, 694n54

on humility 696

on interaction with officials/advisers/staff 701, 701n102, 702n107–108, 703n113

on judgment by rulers 697n75–76

on knowledge 697n72

on physical and material desires 695, 695n59,n62–63

on rational decision-making 694, 694n56

on religiosity/religious duties and piety 692, 692n40, 700

on rules of appearance and behavior 704

on subjects’ satisfaction/access to rulers 699–700

on succession 707, 707n140

on truthfulness 696, 696n68

on warfare 705–706

on women 704, 707–708, 708n142, 708n143

Categories (Aristotle) 208, 212

Centres of learning: Learning and locations in pre-modern Europe and the Near East (Drijvers, MacDonald) 13

Chronology on world history (Ḥamza al-Iṣfahānī) 672

Citizenship, identity, and education in Muslim communities (Merry, Milligan) 15

Classical Arabic wisdom literature (Gutas) 12

Classical foundations of Islamic educational thought (Cook) 15

The classification of knowledge in Islam (Bakar) 13

“The classification of the sciences and the consolidations of philology in Islam” (Heinrich) 13

Commentary on the Mishnah (Mishneh Torah, Maimonides) 548n29, 556, 558, 558n63

De compositione medicamentorum per genera (Galen) 598n84

The concept of education in Islam (al-Naquib al-Attas) 13, 1001, 1002, 1002n3

Conception and belief in Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī (Lameer) 157n25

Conics (Apollonius) 626

The construction of knowledge in Islamic civilization (Heck) 14

Continents (Abū Bakr al-Rāzī) 591n47

The contribution of the Arabs to education (Totah) 11

De crisibus (Galen) 601, 601n100

Crisis and consolidation (Modaressi) 822n22

Culture et éducation arabo-islamiques (Abiad) 12

“The curriculum of Islamic higher education in Timurid Iran” (Subtelny, Khalidov) 13

Dalāʾil al-Nubuwwa (Abū Bakr Aḥmad al-Bayhaqī) 948

al-Darārī (Ibn al-ʿAdīm) 497–498, 503

al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʿ li-ahl al-qarn al-tāsiʿ (al-Sakhāwī) 622, 746, 908, 910, 912, 914–915, 924n131, 930n183, 942, 945, 947, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 957

Kitāb al-Nisāʾ 30, 942, 943–944, 953, 956

“Debate with them in the better way” (McAufliffe) 14

The decisive treatise see Faṣl al-maqāl fi mā bayna al-sharīʿa wa-l-ḥikma min ittiṣāl

The Deipnosophistae (Athenaeus of Naucratis) 520

De demonstratione (Galen) 587n29

Dhayl (Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī) 924n131

Dhikr-i Quṭb al-aqṭāb khwāja-yi ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār (Pārsā) 479

De diebus decretoriis (Galen) 598n84

On the diseases of women (Hippocrates) 599

Dīwān al-Mutanabbī 929

Dīwān-i shams (Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī) 300

Doctrinale (Alexander of Villedieu) 452, 464

al-Durar (Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī) 914, 921

Durar (Taqī al-Dīn al-Maghrīzī) 924n131

Durrat al-ghawwāṣ (al-Ḥarīrī) 455, 468

Duwal al-Islām al-sharīfa l-bahiyya (Abū Ḥāmid al-Qudsī) 968

“Eavesdropping on the Heavenly Assembly” (Hawting) 65

The economy of certainty (Zysow) 805, 805n32

Economy, family, and society from Rome to Islam (Swain) 209

L’ éducation dans l’ Islam durant les deux premiers siècles (Affes) 14

Education and learning in the early Islamic world (Gilliot) 16–17

EI see Encyclopaedia of Islam

De elementis secundum Hippocratem (Galen) 595n63

Elements (Euclid) 611, 612, 613–614, 622, 623, 626

Empire to commonwealth (Fowden) 685n4

Enchiridion studiosi (Relant) 9

Encyclopaedia of Islam 9

2nd edition 358, 359, 364, 366, 368, 372, 381

Encyclopedia of canonical Ḥadīth (Juynboll) 15

Enneads (Plotinus) 284n70

Epidemics (Hippocrates) 598, 599

Epistle to Yemen (Maimonides) 539, 539n3

Equally in God’s image (Holloway, Bechtold, Wright) 957n67

Esotericism in a manuscript (Gardiner) 16

The essentials of Ibāḍī Islam (Hoffman) 772n7

Faḍāʾiḥ al-Bātiniyya (Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī) 481–482

Faḍāʾil al-anām min rasāʾil Ḥujjat al-Islām (Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī) 22n26

Faḍāʾil al-Qurʾān al-ʿazīm (Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim b. Sallām) 928

Faḍl al-ʿilm (Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya) 942n7

al-Fākhīr (Abū Faḍl Muḥammad b. Aḥmaḍ al-Ṣābūnī) 800, 800n13

Falsafat Aflāṭun (al-Fārābī) 147, 148n4, 168n61

Falsafat Arisṭūṭālīs (al-Fārābī) 148n3–4, 148n7

al-Farāʾiḍ (Muḥammad b. Naṣr al-Marūzī) 928

Faṣīḥ (Ibn Abī Ḥadīd) 455

Faṣīḥ (Thaʿlab) 455, 468

Faṣl al-maqāl fī mā bayna l-sharīʿa wa-l-ḥikma min ittiṣāl (Ibn Rushd) 23, 261, 277, 278, 280, 283, 285, 286, 288, 292

al-Fatāwā li-Ibn al-Junayd (Bāqir Muḥsinī Khurramshahrī) 798n2

The Fatimids and their tradition of learning (Halm) 13–14

Fawāʾid Abī l-Ṭāhir Muḥammmad b. Aḥmad b. Naṣr al-Dhuhalī 927

Fawāʾid al-ḥafiẓ Abī al-Faḍl Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir 926

al-Fawz al-aṣghar (Miskawayh) 203, 204

Fayṣal al-tafriqa bayna l-Islām wa-l-zandaqa (Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī) 274n43

On the fetus (Hippocrates) 599

Fīhi mā fīh (Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī) 300n17

Fihris al-fahāris (al-Kattānī) 918

Fihrist (al-Shaykh al-Ṭāʿfa al-Ṭūsī) 826

al-Fiqh al-akbar (Abū Ḥanīfa) 994, 997

Fiqh al-lugha (al-Thaʿālibī) 455, 468

Fī Sharaf al-ṭibb (Ibn Riḍwān) 61, 591n47, 592n51, 593–594, 601, 602–603n115

Formation of a religious landscape (Moazzen) 17

Frauen als Trägerinnen religiösen Wissens (Decker) 16

Die Frau im Islam (Walther) 16

Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam (Ibn al-ʿArabī) 659n65

Futūḥ al-Shām (al-Azdī) 354–383

analysis 359–380

Arabs in 373–376, 377, 380, 382, 383

Byzantines in 365, 365fig., 375–376, 377–380, 382–383

chains and lines of transmission 354, 355, 356, 357, 359

Christians in 365, 365fig., 374, 375–376, 378, 379–380, 382–383

fighters in 362–365, 363fig., 375, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381–382

flagholders in 364fig., 365, 381–382

groups in 356, 357, 358, 365–380, 381–383

individual figures in 354–355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360fig., 368–372, 368fig., 369fig., 371fig., 381–382

Israelites in 374, 380, 382, 383

Jews in 365, 365fig.

messengers in 364–365, 364fig., 381

methodology 355–358

Muslims in 373–374, 375, 376–377, 378, 379, 380, 382–383

poets in 364–365, 364fig., 381

Polytheists in 374, 379, 382–383

Quranic figures in 364fig., 365, 382

Sasanians in 365, 365fig.

scholars in 354, 355, 356, 358, 359, 360, 360–362, 361fig., 368–372, 369fig., 371fig., 381

transmitters in 359, 360fig., 381

tribal and religious terminology in 23–24

tribes/subtribes in 366–375, 367fig., 368fig., 369fig., 371fig., 376, 377, 378, 381–382, 383

women in 364fig., 365, 376, 382

Futūḥ al-waqt (ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī) 733

al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya (Ibn al-ʿArabī) 530

Ğamharat an-nasab (Caskel) 358n33

Die Geheimnisse der oberen und der unteren Welt (Günther, Pielow) 17–18

Gelehrte Krieger: Die Mamluken als Träger arabischsprachiger Bildung (Mauder) 16

The genesis of literature in Islam (Schoeler) 13

Genesis Rabbah, 84:16 544n18

Geschichte der arabischen Ärzte und Naturforscher (Wüstenfeld) 10

Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur (Brockelmann) 454n32,n35, 455n39, 458n53, 466n91, 918

Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums (Sezgin) 12

Ghasnavid chronicle see Tārīkh (Abū l-Faḍl Bayhaqī)

Ghāyat al-ghāyāt fī l-muḥtāj ilayhi min Ūqlīdis wa-l-mutawassiṭāt (Ibn al-Lubūdī) 626

al-Ghazālī and the Ashʿārite school (Frank) 265n12

Globalization of knowledge in the post-antique Mediterranean 700–1500 (Brentjes, Renn) 17

Grammar (Howell) 459

Greek thought, Arabic culture (Gutas) 12

The guide of the perplexed (Maimonides) 547–548n29, 556, 557

Ḥabīb al-siyar (Ghiyāth al-Dīn Khvāndamīr) 840

Ḥadīth (ʿAbdallāh b. Jaʿfar b. Aḥmad b. Fāris) 927

Ḥadīth al-Anmāṭī (al-Qirmisīnī) 926

Ḥadīth (al-Dabbūsī) 927

Ḥadīth (al-Ḥusayn b. Yaḥyā b. ʿAyyāsh al-Qaṭṭān) 927

Ḥadīth (ʿAmr b. Dīnar) 926

Ḥadīth (Ibn al-Busrī) 927

Ḥadīth (Ibn al-Muqayyar) 928

Ḥadīth (Ibn Ziyād al-Qaṭṭān) 927

Ḥadīth (Manṣūr b. ʿAmmār) 926

Ḥadīth (al-Qāsim Naṣr b. Aḥmad al-Marjī) 927

Ḥadīth (Sufyān b. ʿUyayna) 926

Ḥānūt al-ṭabīb see [The] physician’s establishment

Ḥaqāʾiq al-tafsīr (Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī) 646–650, 650n40, 654, 655, 657, 658, 660

al-Hawāmil wa-l-shawāmil (Abū Hayyan al-Tawḥīdī, Miskawayh) 202, 204

al-Ḥāwī l-ṣaghīr fī l-furūʿ (Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī) 908

al-Ḥāwī (Muḥammad b. Zakariyyāʾ al-Rāzī) 594n56

Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān: Fī asrār al-ḥikma al-mashriqiyya (Ibn Ṭufayl) 10, 450

Hellenistische Wissenschaften und arabisch-islamische Kultur (Biesterfeld) 14

Heptads (pseudo-Hippocrates) 599

Herbs (Dioscorides) 591n47

The heritage of Arabo-Islamic learning (Pomerantz, Shahin) 17

Hidāyat al-ḥikma (al-Abharī) 839–840

Hikāyat (ʿAlī b. Shujaʿ al-Maṣqalī) 927

al-Ḥikma al-khālida (Miskawayh) 204

Ḥikmat al-ʿayn (Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibi) 839

Ḥīlat al-burʾ (De methodo medendi, Galen) 601

Ḥirz al-amānī wa-wajh al-tahānī see Qaṣida lāmiyya fī l-naḥw

Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Beda Venerabilis) 107, 108, 110

A history of Islamic societies (Lapidus) 13

History of Muslim education (Shalaby) 11

History of Nishapur 624

On humors (Hippocrates) 599

Hymn (Caedmon) 20

Ibāḍism: Origins and early development in Oman (Wilkinson) 772n7, 773n12, 774n20, 784n79

Īḍāḥ (Abū ʿAlī al-Fārisī) 455, 457, 462, 468

Īḍāḥ (versification by ʿIzz al-Dīn b. Maʿqil) 455, 457, 462, 468

Idālat al-ʿiyān ʿalā l-burhān (ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī) 733n68

Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn (Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī) 234–235, 238, 263, 270, 275, 288, 481–482, 491n12, 643n28, 663, 664n83, 994, 995, 996

al-Ikhwa wa-l-akhawāt (Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī) 928

Ilāhī nāmah (Sanāʾī) 301, 301n24

al-ʿIlal (Muḥammad al-Bukhārī) 928

al-Iʿlān (al-Sakhāwī) 918

Iliad (Homer) 519

Iljām al-ʿawāmm ʿan ʿilm al-kalām (Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī) 995n51

Imlaʾ (Maʿmar b. al-Fākhir) 926

al-Imtāʿ wa-l-muʾānasa (Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī) 202

Inbāʾ al-adhkiyāʾ bi-ḥayāt al-anbiyāʾ (Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī) 951

Inbāʾ al-ghumr (Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī) 924n131, 930n183, 936

On injuries of the head (Hippocrates) 599

De institutione regia (Jonas of Orléans) 686–687, 689n23, 690–692, 697

on emotional restraint 693n50

on forgiveness and mercy 693n52, 694n53

on interaction with officials/advisers/staff 701, 701n101, 702, 703

on judgment/correction/punishment by rulers 697n75–76, 698, 698n77, 700

on justice 688, 690–691, 691n38–39

on physical and material desires 695n59,n63

on rational decision-making 694

on religiosity and piety 692n40

on rules of appearance and behavior 705, 705n129

on subjects’ satisfaction 699

on succession 706–707

on truthfulness 696n68

on warfare 705

on women 708

In the sultan’s salon: Learning, religion and rulership at the Mamluk court of Qāniṣawh al-Ghawrī (Mauder) 16

De interpretatione (Aristotle) 165, 172

Intikhāb al-Ṭabarānī li-bnihi ʿalā Ibn Fāris 909

al-Intiṣār fī mā infaradat bihi l-Imāmiyya (al-Murtaḍā) 801–803, 813

Ion (Platonic dialogue) 878, 882, 899

al-ʿIqd al-farīd (Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih) 493, 686n11

Isagoge (Athīr al-Dīn al-Abharī) 466

Ishārāt al-marām (Bayāḍī-zāde) 994

Ishārāt wa-tanbīhāt (Ibn Sīnā) 158n27

Islam and education: Myths and truth (Kadi, Billeh) 15

The Islamic book: A contribution to its art and history from the VII–XVIII century (Arnold) 11

Islamic cultures and societies to the end of the eighteenth century (Irwin) 15–16

Islamic education (Tibawi) 11

Islamic legal orthodoxy (Stewart) 15

Islamic science and the making of the European renaissance (Saliba) 15

Islamic thought in the dialogue of cultures (Daiber) 16

Islam in the modern world (Nasr) 244

Islam, science, and the challenge of history (Dallal) 16

“Islam, science and knowledge” (Naquib al-Attas) 1006n38

Islam, secularism and the philosophy of the future (Naquib al-Attas) 1002

Islam and securalism (Naquib al-Attas) 1002n3

al-Istibṣār (al-Ṭūsī) 824

Itḥāf al-sāda (al-Murtaḍā al-Zabīdī) 995, 995n51

Iʿtiqād ahl al-sunna (Abū l-Qāsīm al-Qushayrī) 995n51

al-Itqān fī ʿulūm al-Qurʾān (Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī) 480, 485–486

Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āy al-Qurʾān (al-Ṭabarī) 23, 315, 323, 325, 338–341, 855, 859

al-Jāmiʿ al-kabīr (Abū Ḥafṣ al-Shaybānī) 455

al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ (al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb al-Farāhīdī) 774–775, 774n22

Jāmiʿ al-Saḥīḥ (Tirmidhī) 638n4

Jāmiʿ bayān al-ʿilm (Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr) 942n7

Jāmiʿ jawāmiʿ al-ikhtiṣār wa-l-tibyān fimā yaʿriḍu lil-muʿallimīn wa-l-ṣibyān (Ibn Abī Jumʿa al-Maghrāwī al-Wahrānī) 492

al-Jarḥ wa-l-taʿdīl (Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī) 928

Jāwīdān khirad see al-Ḥikma al-khālida

On joints (Hippocrates) 599

Journal Asiatique 10

Judíos y musulmanes en al-Andalus y el Magreb (Fierro) 14

Juhūd (ʿAzzūz) 924n131

Jumal (al-Jurjānī) 456n46

Jumal (al-Zajjājī) 455, 456, 457, 462, 468

Juzʾ (Abū l-Jahm) 909

Juzʾ al-arbaʿīn (Muḥammad b. Muslim al-Thaqafī) 926

Juzʾ al-biṭāqa (Ibn Isḥāq) 909

Juzʾ al-Muʾammal b. Ihāb 916

Juzʾ (al-Rāzī) 936n221

al-Juzʾ al-sādis min ḥadīth (al-Mukhalliṣ) 927

Juzʾ (Hanbal b. Isḥāq al-Shaybānī) 914

Juzʾ (Ibn ʿArafa) 926, 929

Juzʾ (Ibn Nujayd) 926

al-Kāfī fī ʿilm al-dīn (Abū Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī) 823, 824

al-Kāfī fī l-ʿiqd al-ṣāfī (Abū l-Qāsim al-Nisābūrī) 995n51

al-Kāfiya (Ibn al-Ḥājib) 456, 462, 468

Kalīla wa-Dimna (Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ) 450, 686n11

al-Kāmil (al-Mubarrad) 534

Karāmāt al-awliyāʾ (al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad al-Khallāl) 914

Kashf al-rumūz (al-Fāḍil al-Ābī) 810, 810n53, 811n54

Kashf al-ẓunūn ʿan asāmī al-kutub wa-l-funūn (Kātib Çelebi) 9, 491

al-Kashshāf ʿan ḥaqāʾiq ghawāmiḍ al-tanzīl wa-ʿuyūn al-aqāwīl fī wujūh al-taʾwīl (al-Zamakhshārī) 858

Ka-waḥyi ṣaḥāʿifin min ʿahdi Kisrā (verse, ʿAntara) 69

Khamsa min shuyūkh al-Dabbūsī 927

Khātimat al-akhbār fī ahwāl al-akhyār (Ghiyāth al-Dīn Khvāndamīr) 840

al-Khilāf (al-Ṭūsī,) 813

al-Khilaʿiyyāt (Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan al-Khilaʿī) 926

Khiṭaṭ (Taqī al-Dīn al-Maqrīzī) 949, 966

al-Khulafāʾ (Muḥammad b. Isḥāq) 325

Kifāyat al-mutaʿabbid (ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm b. ʿAbd al-Qawī al-Mundhirī) 928

Kimiyāʾ al-saʿāda (Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī) 995n51

Kitāb al-Aghānī (Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī) 872, 882, 888, 953

Kitāb Akhbār al-zuhhād (Ibn al-Sāʿī) 729n46

Kitāb al-Alfāẓ (Ibn al-Sikkīt) 516–517

Kitāb al-Taʿrīfāt (al-Sayyīd al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī) 1006

Kitāb al-Arbaʿīn (Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī) 252

Kitāb ʿArḍ miftāḥ al-nujūm fī l-falak (Hirmis al-Ḥakīm) 135

Kitāb al-Asmāʾ wa-l-ṣifāt (ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Baghdādī) 995n51

Kitāb Asrār al-tanzīl (Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī) 995n51

Kitāb al-ʿAyn (Khalīl b. Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī) 516

Kitāb Bilawhar wa-Būdhāsaf see [The] prince and the ascetic

Kitāb al-Buḥrān (Galen) see [De] crisibus

Kitāb al-Burhān (Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī) 151, 152, 156–164, 166–177, 168n58,n61, 169–170n63–66, 170, 173n73,n76, 174n78, 180, 181n101

Kitāb al-Darārī fī dhikr al-dharārī (Kamāl al-Dīn Ibn al-ʿAdīm) 493

Kitāb Dhamm al-kalām (Abū Ismaʾīl Abdallāh b. Muḥammad al-Harawī al-Anṣārī) 909

Kitāb al-Diyāt (ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib) 820

Kitāb al-Fawz al-akbar (Miskawayh) 203, 204

Kitāb al-Fihrist (Ibn al-Nadīm) 19, 46, 53–58, 476, 593n56

Kitāb fī ḥukm al-muʿallimīn wa-l-mutaʿallimīn (Muḥammad b. Abī Zayd) 493n19

Kitāb fī khtilāf Arisṭūṭālīs wa-Jālīnūs (Ibn Riḍwān) 594

Kitāb fī l-asbāb al-mumīla li-qulūb kathīr min al-nās ʿan afāḍil al-aṭibbāʾilā akhissāʾihim (Abū Bakr al-Rāzī) 583–584, 584n10

Kitāb al-Fitan (Ḥanbal b. Isḥāq al-Shaybānī) 913

Kitāb fī tashīl al-subul li-stikhrāj al-masāʾil al-handasiyya (al-Sijzī) 614–615

Kitāb al-Ghayba (al-Nīshābūrī) 822

Kitāb Ghinā wa-munā (al-Qumrī) 583n7

Kitāb al-Ḥathth ʿalā l-ṣināʿāt (Galen) 588–589, 588n34–35

Kitāb al-Hawātif (Ibn Abī Dunyā) 529

Kitāb al-Ḥurūf (Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī) 148

Kitāb al-ʿIbar (Ibn Khaldūn) 483–484, 967–968

Kitāb Iḥṣāʾ al-ʿulūm (Anū Naṣr al-Fārābī) 8, 461

Kitāb al-ʿIlm (Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī) 178n92, 263n11

Kitāb al-Jabr see Book of bone-setting

Kitāb Jafr ʿAlī/Kitāb al-Jafr al-aʿẓam (ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib) 820

Kitāb al-Jirāḥāt see Book of wounds

Kitāb al-Kasr wa-l-raḍḍ see Book of fracture and contusion

Kitāb al-Kūzarī (Judah Halevi) 555n51

Kitāb al-Maghāzī (Ibn Isḥāq) 98, 100–101, 325

Kitāb Makārim al-akhlāq (Ibn Abī Dunyā) 205

Kitāb al-Manāẓir (Ibn al-Haytham) 398n23

Kitāb al-Mawāʿiẓ wa-l-iʿtibār fī dhikr al-khiṭaṭ wa-l-āthār see Khiṭaṭ

Kitāb al-Milal wa-l-niḥal (Muḥammad al-Shahrastānī) 479–480

Kitāb al-Mūsiqā al-kabīr (Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī) 149n7, 162, 173n74, 176n87

al-Kitāb al-Nāfiʿ (Ibn Riḍwān) 591n47, 592, 593, 593n53, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601

Kitāb al-Naqḍ (ʿAbd al-Jalīl Qazwīnī) 819, 826, 827–829, 828n48, 829n51, 830, 835, 838, 841n112

Kitāb al-Nisāʾ (Shams al-Dīn al-Sakhāwī) 30, 942, 943–944, 953, 956

see also al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʿ li-ahl al-qarn al-tāsiʿ

Kitāb al-Qarasṭūn (Thābit b. Qurra) 611–614

Kitāb al-Saʿāda (Miskawayh) 203–204

Kitāb al-Shifāʾ (Ibn Sīnā) 179n95, 839, 945, 945n21, 988

Kitāb (Sībawayhi) 460

Kitāb al-Suḥba (Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ) 637n1

Kitāb al-Sunna (al-Lālakāʾī) 995n51

Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt al-kabīr (Ibn Saʿd) 420

Kitāb Ṭabīʿat al-insān see [On the] nature of man

Kitāb al-Tāj fī akhlāq al-mulūk (Abū ʿUthmān al-Jāḥiẓ) 205

Kitāb al-Thiql wa-l-khiffa 612

Kitāb ʿUyūn al-akhbār (Ibn Qutayba) 534, 686n11

Knowledge and social practice in medieval Damascus (Chamberlain) 13

Knowledge triumphant: The concept of knowledge in medieval Islam (Rosenthal) 12, 45–46, 777n36

Knowledge, virtue, and action (Lapidus) 13

“The Koran and its exegesis: From memorising to learning” (Leemhuis) 13

al-Kutub al-arbaʿa (“Four Books”) 824

al-Kutub al-mutawassiṭāt 615

Laḥẓ al-alḥāz (Ibn Fahd al-Makkī) 924n131

Laṭāʾif al-Ishārāt (Abū l-Qāsīm al-Qushayrī) 659–660

Law and education in medieval Islam (Lowry) 15

The law (Hippocrates) 599

A learned society in a period of transition (Ephrat) 14

“Lectures on the religion of the Semites” (Robertson Smith) 521

Letter to the Philippians (Paul the Apostle) 5n9

Liber tertius de informatione regiœ prolis (Bartolomeo Vicentino) 707n141

Libre de Saviesa (James I of Aragon) 688n22

De libris propriis (Galen) 586n23, 595n23

The life and times of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna (Nazim) 575

Likkutei ha-Pardes (Solomon ben Isaac) 539n3

Li-mani l-diyāru ghashītuhā bi-l-fadfadi (verse, Zuhayr) 70

Li-mani l-diyāru talūḥu bi-l-ghamri (verse, ʿAbīd b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzza) 70

Li-man ṭalalun ka-l-waḥyi ʿāfin manāziluhu (verse, Zuhayr) 69

Lisān al-ʿArab (Ibn Manẓūr) 453n28, 489n3, 517, 849, 1002

La littérature arabe (Pellat) 11

Li livres dou tresor (Brunetto Latini) 688n22

Lubāb al-ḥikma al-ilāhiyya (Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī) 995n51

Lumaʿ al-adilla (al-Juwaynī) 995n51

al-Lumaʿ (al-Sarrāj) 645

Maʿālim al-qurba fī aḥkām al-ḥisba (Ibn al-Ukhuwwa) 494, 494n28

Maʿānī l-Qurʾān (al-Farrāʾ) 459

al-Maʿārif al-ʿaqliyya (Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī) 995n51

al-Maʿārif (Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī) 928

Mabādiʾ ārāʾ ahl al-madīna al-fāḍila (al-Fārābī) 147n3, 1004, 1007, 1008

al-Mabʿath (Ibn Isḥāq) 325

al-Madkhal al-awsaṭ (Ibn Fūrak) 995n51

Madkhal al-sharʿ al-sharīf (Ibn al-Ḥājj) 493

Mafātīh al-ghayb (al-Rāzī) 860–861

Mafātīḥ al-ʿulūm (Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Khwārazmī) 461

Magic and divination in early Islam (Savage-Smith) 16

Maḥajjat al-ḥaqq wa-munjā l-khalq (Abū l-Khayr al-Ṭālaqānī) 995n51

Maḥbĕrôt Ittiʾel (Judah ben Solomon al-Ḥarīzī) 548, 548n30

Majālis (al-Zajjājī) 451n19

Majlis Abī ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī wa-Abī Muḥammad b. Bālawayh 926

Majlis al-biṭāqa (al-Kinānī) 913

Majmūʿat fatāwā Ibn al-Junayd (ʿAlī al-Ishtihārdī) 798n2

Majmūʿa-yi āthār-i fārsī-yi Aḥmad-i Ghazālī (Mujāhid) 22n26

Majmūʿa-yi muṣannafāt (Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī) 404–405n6–7

Index of Scriptural References

This index includes all references to specific Quranic (with the Sura number followed by a colon and the verse number) and Biblical verses. When a discussion concerns a whole chapter rather than a specific chapter and verse, this is cited under the appropriate chapter number, followed by an en-dash.

The titles of Quranic chapters are given according to the translation of M.A.S. Abdel Haleem, The Qurʾan, Oxford 2004.

Quran

1 The Opening (al-Fātiḥa)

1– 88, 89

2 The Cow (al-Baqara)

2:22 524n34,n36

2:30–39 87, 660–661

2:30 660–661

2:39 87

2:53 341

2:80 323

2:102 896

2:107 786n98

2:117 778n44

2:132 749

2:157 782n66

2:158 854n27

2:183 508

2:255 (Throne Verse) 89

3 The Family of Imran (Āl ʿImrān)

3– 319, 321, 323

3:1–80 334

3:7 654, 654n50

3:33 862n53

3:35–37 851n14

3:36–37 854–861

3:36 29, 849, 849n1, 859

3:45 334

3:47 778n44

3:75 329

3:195 849n2, 853n22

4 Women (al-Nisāʾ)

4:12 508

4:34 863n56

4:59 784n85

4:74 786n98

4:83 263n11

4:124 849n2, 853n23

4:171 412

5 The Feast (al-Māʾidā)

5– 323, 523, 529

5:48 93

5:85 334

5:118 395n16

6 Livestock (al-Anʿām)

6:59 61

6:125 254

6:127 713n1

6:151–153 782n69

6:164 323

7 The Heights (al-Aʿrāf)

7:144–145 343

7:169 340

7:172 87, 93, 322, 323, 329n58, 342

8 Battle Gains (al-Anfāl)

8– 339

9 Repentance (al-Tawba)

9– 339

9:40 412n37

9:71 854n26

10 Jonah (Yūnus)

10:5 778n44

10:26 713n1

10:47 93

10:59 524n36

13 Thunder (al-Raʿd)

13:16 850n7

13:31 5

13:39 654n48

14 Abraham (Ibrāhīm)

14:4 85, 93, 94, 338

14:32 524n36

15 Al-Hijr (al-Ḥijr)

15:35 507

16 The Bee (al-Naḥl)

16– 524

16:10–11 524n36

16:64–69 524n37

16:71 863n56

16:97 849n2

16:105 334

17 The Night Journey (al-Isrāʾ)

17:15 323

17:22–39 782n69

17:37 781n62, 782n66

17:43 379

17:64 896n156

18 The Cave (al-Kahf)

18:31 527n49,n58,n59

19 Mary (Maryam)

19– 319, 321, 323, 334

19:17 412

19:23–25 333

19:72 395n15

20 Ta Ha (Ṭā-Hā)

20:15 61

21 The Prophets (al-Anbiyāʾ)

21:105 106, 339n102

23 The Believers (al-Muʾminūn)

23:51 524n35

24 Light (al-Nūr)

24:2 853n21

24:3 853n21

24:35 (Light Verse) 89, 412n37

26 The Poets (al-Shuʿarāʾ)

26– 896

26:32 896

26:221–222 66

28 The Story (al-Qaṣaṣ)

28:27 507

28:53–55 334

32 Bowing down in Worship (al-Sajda)

32:17 216

33 The Joint Forces (al-Aḥzāb)

33:32 854n29, 864n59

33:33 854n25

34 Sheba (Sabā)

34:27 329

35 The Creator (Fāṭir)

35:19 850n10

37 Ranged in Rows (al-Ṣāffāt)

37– 320

37:40–50 527n49

37:45 527n55

39 The Throngs (al-Zumar)

39:9 850n9

40 The Forgiver (Ghāfir)

40:13 524n36

40:40 849n2

40:64 524n34

41 [Verses] Made Distinct (Fuṣṣilat)

41:42 57

41:53 659, 660, 661

42 Consultation (al-Shūrā)

42:11 854n30

43 Ornaments of Gold (al-Zukhruf)

43:51 92

43:71 527n54

44 Smoke (al-Dukhān)

44:51–55 527n49

44:53 527n58–59

44:54 528n61

45 Kneeling (al-Jāthiyya)

45:5 524n36

49 The Private Rooms (al-Ḥujurāt)

49:6 781n62

49:13 93, 849n2, 853n24, 864, 864n58

49:16 782n66

51 Scattering [Winds] (al-Dhāriyyāt)

51– 320

52 The Mountain (al-Ṭūr)

52:1–2 348

52:17–25 527n49

52:20 527, 528n61

52:23 527n55

52:24 528n62

52:41 64n10–11

53 The Star (al-Najm)

53:1–5 77

53:25 64n10

53:45 849n2

55 The Lord of Mercy (al-Raḥmān)

55:1–4 73, 75–76

55:54 527n49,n58

55:72 528n61

55:76 527n49

56 That which is Coming (al-Wāqiʿa)

56:10–34 527n49

56:15 527

56:17 528n63

56:18 527n55–57

56:22 528n61

59 The Gathering [of Forces] (al-Ḥashr)

59:2 278, 282

59:20 850n8

60 Women Tested (al-Mumtaḥana)

60:13 782n66

68 The Pen (al-Qalam)

68– 73

72 The Jinn (al-Jinn)

72:27 61

74 Wrapped in his Cloak (al-Muddaththir)

74:1–5 101n9

74:1–7 101n9

75 The Resurrection (al-Qiyāma)

75:39 849n2

76 Man (al-Insān)

76:5 527n55

76:11–21 527n49

76:15 527n56

76:17 527n55

76:19 528n63

76:21 527n58–59

78 The Announcement (al-Nabāʾ)

78:34 527n55

79 The Forceful Chargers (al-Nāziʿāt)

79:34 414, 414n45

80 He Frowned (ʿAbasa)

80:11–16 75

81 Shrouded in Darkness (al-Takwīr)

81:1–14 64

81:10 74

82 Torn Apart (al-Infiṭār)

82:10–12 73

84 Ripped Apart (al-Inshiqāq)

84– 320

84:7–12 74

85 The Towering Constellations (al-Burūj)

85:21–22 75

85:22 411

87 The Most High (al-Aʿlā)

87:6 72n34

87:18–19 72

88 The Overwhelming Event (al-Ghāshiyya)

88:8–16 527n49

88:14 527n56

88:15 527n52

88:16 527n53

92 The Night (al-Layl)

92:3 849n2

95 The Fig (al-Tīn)

95– 320

95:1–3 348

96 The Clinging Form (al-ʿAlaq)

96– 73, 103, 104, 109

96:1–5 75, 99, 101n9, 325, 330n60, 331, 341, 342, 343, 348

96:3–6 82

104 The Backbiter (al-Humaza)

104:4–6 395n14

112 Purity [of Faith] (al-ʾIkhlāṣ)

112– 321

Biblical references

Hebrew Bible

Amos

6:4–7 520

1 Chronicles

19:7 520n210

Daniel

8:23 552n41

Deuteronomy

17:14–20 697n76

Ecclesiastes 554

Exodus

15:1–20 862n54

18:21–26 705

18:21 695n63

Ezekiel

17:2 552n41

39:17–20 522

Genesis

2–3 522n25

Habakkuk

2:6 552n41

Isaiah

15:2 520n21

25:6–8 522

29:12 105, 106

40:1–6 328–329, 330, 331

40:6 105, 106

Jeremiah

16:5 520

Job 554

Joshua

13:9 520n21

13:16 520n21

Judges

14:13 552n41

1 Kings

10:1 549, 552n41, 554–556

1 Maccabees

9:36 520n21

Numbers

12:8 552n41

21:30 520n21

Proverbs 554

1:1–4 550–551, 550n39

1:1–6 549, 550–558

1:5–6 551n40

1:6 552n41, 556–557

8:22 76

9:1–18 529

29:4 695n63

Psalms

37 (36):29 106

68:2 552n41

New Testament

James 861–863

John 63

15:23 328, 329, 331

20:29 6n12

Luke

14:12–24 529

Mark

13:24–26 63

Matthew 326

5:3 5n10

18:2–6 6n11

Philippians

4:6–7 5n9

Revelation

19:17–18 522

Ḥadīth Index

The Ḥadīth Index refers to the ḥadīth by topic. Discussions related to the science of ḥadīth (e.g., transmission of, scholars of, literature on) appear in the Index of Topics and Keywords under “ḥadīth.”

adab 517, 530

ascetic piety 929

Asdum, Prophet’s message to King of 336

ʿAṭāʾ b. Rabāḥ, leader of Muslims 129

banquets

invitation to 517

see also Divine Banquet/Divine Hospitality

basmala 88, 339

Battle of Dhū Qār 346

behavioral norms 732

call to prophethood/revelation 19, 103

comprehension/incomprehension 232

consensus 48

correction 517

dilation 257

dining customs 526

Divine Banquet/Divine Hospitality 526, 528–530, 534

education 517, 530, 732

elementary schoolteachers 502n71

ethics 732

females

differences between males and 856n35

duty of seeking of knowledge 942

“gushes of light” 257

happiness 216

Imams, knowledge of 820

intellect 737

justice of rulers 692n45

King of Aksum, Prophet’s message to 336

knowledge (ʿilm) 530

duty of seeking knowledge 942

of Imams 820

in Persia 132

spiritual knowledge 528–530

useless knowledge 248

Kufa 822n19

males

differences between females and 856n35

duty of seeking of knowledge 942

monasticism 308

Monophysitism 336

music 876

Muslims 129

Persians/people in Persia 132, 346

polytheism 336

prophetic inheritance 638, 638n4

punishment 517

Qom/Qum 822n19

Quran

levels of meaning of Quran verses (wujūh) 655

redaction of Suras 339

on schedule/pace of reading the 922n102

Ramaḍan 530

religion, teaching of/beginning with 246

renumeration of slaves 509n105

revelation/call to prophethood 19, 103

rulers, justice of 692n45

Sasanids 346

search for knowledge xvi–xvii

slaves, renumeration of 509n105

solar and lunar eclipses 271

spiritual knowledge 528–530, 820

Suras, redaction of 339

suspension of judgment (wuqūf) 781n62

useless knowledge 248

written contract 345

Index of Topics and Keywords

Apart from topics and keywords this index includes the names of groups of people (e.g. ʿAbbasids, Muʿtazilites), angels and other “beings” (e.g., God, Dionysos, Hārūt and Mārūt, or jinn) as well as non-earthly places.

Individual tribes are listed under the entry “tribes, by tribal name” (without the first element “Banū”).

ʿAbbasid caliphate/ʿAbbasids 347, 400, 533, 681, 822n16, 978

in Baghdad 713, 719n22, 721–727, 823n24

in Cairo/Egypt 742–763

caliphs 613

education/scholarship of caliphs 316, 731, 732, 734, 741, 743–749, 753

isolation/confinement of 743, 744–745, 762

prophetic inheritance of 637, 638, 644, 669

(qualifications of) imam-caliphs 719n22, 750–756

succession of 755, 760–761

ʿulamāʾ vs. 639–644, 741, 742, 637–638

educational reform 722, 727–736

fall of 668, 672, 742, 836

intermarriage with ʿulamāʾ 759, 759n108

patronage of scholarship/higher learning 225, 672, 715n7, 730, 742, 759–760

political, religious and social authority of 638, 640, 719n22, 741–742, 756–757, 761, 823n24

political and social history of 326, 342, 721–727

royal banquets 532

ʿAbbasid period 324

educational programs in 641

elementary schoolteachers in 511n110

music and singing-girls in 890, 892, 897

women’s public role in 941

ʿAbbasid scholars/scholarship 262, 870

scholar-caliphs 731, 732, 734, 741, 743–749, 753, 763

Abrahamic Covenant 327, 331, 335, 343

abrogation 46–47

Abyssinian language 338

Abyssinians 318, 319, 333, 334, 335, 336, 527

academic education see higher education

academic institutions 30

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