In the volume we have opted for different transcription standards, with Arabic and Turkish according to IJMES table, Syriac according to the standard of the Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage (GEDSH), and Hebrew in an anglicized transcription. For personal and place names full transcriptions as well as simplified and/or anglicized forms have been allowed, depending on the sources and general familiarity with one or another transcription.