Index
absolutism
16, 58, 61, 64, 66, 152, 322
agrarian question
72, 142, 192, 198–99, 201, 206, 209, 216, 253, 259, 269, 281, 284, 351, 354–55, 358, 361, 378, 380, 401–3
agrarian revolution
355, 358, 379, 388, 390–91, 393–95, 398–99, 402–4, 414, 422
alienation
31
anarchism
447, 456
Andreev, Mikhail Georgievich
258, 264, 434
anti-imperialism
8, 237, 277, 320, 336
Anti-Imperialist League
461
ARCEC (All-Russian Central Executive Committee)
1, 4, 438, 445, 455, 460–61, 463
aristocracy
30, 51, 56, 58, 60, 61, 93, 105–6, 254
armed forces
31, 79, 118, 125, 151, 185, 391, 414
artisans
16–17, 20–21, 218, 220, 223, 228, 231, 237–38, 244, 250, 257, 307, 322, 350, 352, 355, 357, 365, 367, 372, 402
AUCP(b) (All-Union Communist Party [Bolsheviks])
1–2, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 287, 307, 342, 344, 349, 368, 423–32, 437, 439, 443, 450, 455, 459
Austria-Hungary
3, 97, 99, 106, 117–18, 123, 146, 164, 360, 451
Baku
393, 408
Bakunin, Michael Aleksandrovich
107, 435
Baldwin, Stanley
87, 435
banditism
219, 268, 304, 313
bankers
35, 87, 124, 127, 175, 204, 271, 322, 398
banks
38, 42–43, 49, 75, 88, 127–28, 132, 134, 136, 167, 169, 170, 174–75, 178, 180, 181, 192–94, 203, 229, 260, 269, 286, 316, 320, 362, 376, 401, 420, 457, 461
Belgium
176, 266, 322
Bismarck, Otto von,
435
Bolshevism
1, 277, 336, 349, 363, 399, 407, 447
Borodin, Mikhail Markovich,
236, 373, 392, 414, 436
bourgeois revolution
9–10, 17, 226–27, 238, 242–43, 248, 252, 279, 281, 293, 309, 321, 323, 350–51, 371, 399, 400, 416
bourgeoisie
7, 9, 10, 16–19, 22, 41–42, 46, 64, 66–68, 75, 77–79, 82, 88, 104, 117–18, 120–21, 123–26, 142, 152, 158, 167, 169, 170, 172, 181, 185, 188–91, 194, 204, 206, 210, 220, 222–24, 227–32, 234–35, 240, 241–42, 244, 248–250, 253–54, 256–57, 261, 266–67, 274–78, 280–1, 285, 287–90, 292–98, 302–4, 306–7, 309, 311–12, 315–16, 318–24, 329, 331, 333, 335–36, 338, 340–42, 345–48, 350–59, 361–66, 368, 370–76, 378, 381–84, 388, 391, 394, 396–97, 399, 400, 402–6, 408–10, 416–17, 421, 425
Boxer Rebellion
100, 114, 138–39, 154–60, 162–68, 176–77, 183, 193–94, 206, 209, 228–29, 250–51, 254–55, 260, 272, 466, 468
Brandler, Heinrich
276, 436
Brandt, Max August Scipio von
100, 177, 437, 471, 487
Brest-Litovsk
4, 18
British imperialism
226, 229, 245, 304–5, 411, 430
Bücher, Karl Wilhelm
68–69, 437
Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich
4, 11, 242, 247, 278, 295, 298, 302, 310, 342, 345, 348–60, 365, 372, 375, 383, 385–94, 397, 399–401, 402–6, 407–9, 411–17, 421, 422, 424, 426–28, 430, 437
bureaucracy
36, 44, 46, 48, 53–54, 56–58, 60, 64–66, 70–71, 74–75, 77, 87, 93–94, 96, 97, 103, 131, 140–41, 150–53, 163, 169, 185, 195, 216, 218, 251, 256, 258, 271
Canton (Guangzhou)
6, 19, 22, 38–39, 42–43, 79–80, 98, 120, 166–67, 176, 180, 199, 205, 236–41, 244, 248, 259, 261–71, 273–74, 284–87, 290, 296–97, 300, 302–3, 306–18, 327–29, 334, 338–40, 350, 351–53, 363–64, 373, 375–77, 379, 382, 400, 404, 424, 437, 439, 444, 448–49, 461–63, 467–69
capital
8, 9, 16, 35, 40, 41–44, 50, 53–55, 57, 59, 61–68, 75–76, 78, 81–82, 85–89, 93–94, 96, 105–6, 111, 113, 120, 126–27, 137–38, 158, 165, 167–69, 171, 174, 176–77, 179–81, 183–85, 187–92, 194–95, 197–98, 201–4, 215–23, 228–30, 232, 234–35, 249–51, 253, 255–57, 259–60, 264, 269, 272, 275, 295, 350, 352, 355, 357–58, 362, 366, 372, 376, 401
accumulation
35, 44, 74, 189, 204, 221, 355, 401
capitalist development
17, 64, 77, 96, 119, 123, 165, 171, 182, 184, 187, 192, 204–5, 208, 223, 229, 242, 248–49, 251–52, 257, 260, 267, 278, 320, 322, 359, 400, 402, 409
CC (Central Committee)
1, 4, 7, 13, 15, 241, 278, 296, 307, 344, 368, 385, 389, 391, 395–96, 406, 412, 423–31, 434, 436–38, 440–41, 443, 445–47, 449–51, 453–55, 457–66, 468–69, 470
CCP (Chinese Communist Party)
5–13, 18, 20, 208, 224, 237, 241, 244, 265, 273, 276–77, 285, 311, 303, 311, 313, 317, 325–27, 329, 332–34, 336, 338, 352–53, 363, 371, 373, 377, 381–83, 391, 394, 396–97, 405, 411, 414–16, 421, 426, 430, 437–38, 448–49, 458, 461–63, 468–69
Chen Duxiu
309–10, 319, 336–38, 343, 371–75, 377, 379, 381, 390, 392–93, 395, 396, 394, 395, 400–1, 408, 414, 437, 435, 438, 439
Chiang Ching-kuo
289, 438
Chiang Kai-shek
6, 10–12, 239, 265, 270, 271, 277, 286–90, 293, 296, 298–99, 303, 306–11, 313–23, 316, 329–38, 340, 342–47, 364, 367–71, 373–82, 385–91, 398–99, 403–4, 406–7, 413–15, 424–26
Chirol, Valentin
98–99, 101, 103, 140, 192, 258, 439
civil wars
19, 25, 46, 119–20, 255, 276, 280, 290, 371, 401, 443, 449, 454–55, 460, 462, 467
Cixi, Empress Dowager
100, 151, 154, 155, 163, 251, 439, 442, 468
class interests
45, 66, 315, 323, 325, 352
class struggle
1, 16, 46, 48, 49, 51, 71, 227, 231, 277, 280, 284, 293, 331, 336, 353, 358, 369, 400, 425
Collins, William Frederick
39, 185, 251, 439
Comintern
1, 2, 4–7, 11–12, 15, 199, 236, 265, 267, 274, 277–78, 280–81, 288–93, 295, 298–302, 307–8, 311, 319, 324–29, 331–35, 340–44, 346–51, 354–56, 359–60, 362–64, 366, 371–72, 376, 385–86, 393, 396, 401, 405–6, 408–9, 410–11, 414, 417, 421, 423–24, 426–27, 429–32, 434, 436, 440, 443, 451, 454, 457, 461, 470
commune
36, 48, 51–53, 59–60, 71–72, 216
Communism
32, 52, 75, 245, 264, 276–77, 328, 329, 335–37, 360, 368, 432
competition
16, 40, 89, 170, 175, 180, 189, 190, 192, 197, 203, 229, 232, 256–57
compradors
16, 82, 85–88, 194, 228, 250, 255, 296, 316, 334–35, 352, 355, 362, 365, 372, 375
Confucianism
45–46, 142–43, 209
Confucius
45–46, 56, 58, 77, 142–43, 148, 150, 210–11, 215, 439, 452
Conrady, Auguste
209, 213, 215, 439
Constantinople
98, 105–7, 109, 115–16
coolies
196, 233, 245, 258, 314, 373, 380
Cordier, Henry
152, 213, 439
cotton
33–34, 38, 39, 41, 81, 88, 89, 90, 95–96, 183–84, 187, 197, 232, 234, 249, 257, 317
counter-revolution
118, 120, 273, 301, 308, 310, 323, 360–61, 363, 368, 382, 389, 391, 410, 414
countryside
9, 16–17, 20, 35–37, 41, 60, 74–75, 77, 85–86, 90, 188, 192, 198, 200, 204–6, 232–34, 238, 240, 244, 247, 250, 252, 256–57, 259–60, 268, 284, 308–9, 312, 338, 352, 356–58, 361, 362, 390, 397, 402, 403
Crimean War
106
crisis
198, 248, 267, 287–89, 299, 345, 358, 361, 370, 380, 382, 432
Cromwell, Oliver
321–22
Dalin, Sergei Alekseevich
11, 263, 298, 301, 440
Denmark
117, 288, 457
Dewey, John
149, 440
dictatorship
6, 9, 10, 17, 238, 243, 244, 252–53, 264, 267, 275–76, 278–80, 287, 290, 293–96, 300, 312, 320, 321, 326, 332, 341–43, 346–48, 363, 365, 367, 370, 377, 379, 390, 410, 416
diplomacy
110–11, 124, 125–26, 128, 163, 170, 174–75, 299
Duan
156–57, 164, 440
ECCI (Executive Committee of the Communist International)
1, 4–7, 11, 15, 20, 242, 278, 280, 286, 294, 307–8, 311–12, 319, 325, 340, 344–46, 349, 353, 364–65, 372, 393, 423–27, 429, 432, 434, 436–37, 443, 446, 448, 450–54, 456–58, 460–62, 465, 469
economic development
5, 31, 44, 61, 95, 111, 114, 119, 189, 221, 361
Engels, Friedrich
9, 104, 292, 360, 371, 384, 441
Evdokimov, Grigorii Eremeevich
368, 385, 412, 417, 441
exploitation
5, 19, 51, 53, 57, 60, 159, 165, 170, 173–75, 180, 191–92, 196, 204, 221, 234, 248, 268, 284, 311, 320, 335, 363
exports
80, 89–92, 95–96, 102, 104–5, 114, 142, 165, 171–72, 189, 191, 229, 249, 251, 387
factories
38, 40, 41, 120, 183–84, 186, 189, 197, 228, 231–32, 234, 239, 242–43, 247, 250, 256–57, 261, 270, 279, 286, 287, 295, 317, 339, 356, 357, 380, 393
Feng Yuxiang
239, 385–87, 390, 391, 407, 413, 441, 468
feudalism
9, 26, 32–33, 40, 51–60, 64, 149, 210, 215–20, 253, 320, 350–51, 354–56, 357–60, 362, 366, 375, 378, 381, 401–2, 421–22
feudal lords
32, 46, 51–52, 54–56, 58–60, 68
First World War
3, 230, 250, 401, 434, 446, 460
foreign capital
9, 16, 78, 81–82, 87–89, 94, 126, 165, 168–69, 174, 185, 187–91, 194–95, 197, 228–30, 232, 234–35, 249–51, 255–57, 275, 350, 352, 355, 372, 401
foreign trade
35, 39, 41, 43, 83, 85, 89–90, 92, 95–96, 105–6, 190, 403, 445
France
17, 42, 51, 56, 60–61, 79, 81, 84, 87, 94, 98, 101–2, 104, 106, 109, 117–20, 123–27, 131, 137–38, 141, 145–46, 159, 164, 167, 170, 176, 178, 180, 184, 228–29, 238, 256, 266, 322, 436, 443, 446, 451, 454, 461, 463, 465, 469
Franke, Otto
24, 26–27, 97–99, 127, 139, 148, 149, 213, 441
Frederick II, the Great
42, 66, 441
Geller, Lev Naumovich
12, 15, 345, 370, 373, 381–82, 384, 442
German imperialism
101, 129, 130, 159
Germany
4, 17, 18, 26, 42, 56, 87, 94, 97, 101–2, 104, 106, 114–25, 127–31, 137, 146–47, 159–60, 163–64, 167–68, 170, 172, 177–78, 180, 184, 226, 228–30, 242, 256, 276, 421, 435–36, 443, 446, 449, 451, 460, 469
Girondins
322–23, 343, 371
Girs, Mikhail Nikolaevich
160, 442
Great Britain
79, 81, 98, 102, 106, 179, 184, 230, 266, 443, 560
Gosplan
454, 460
Gorev, Boris Isaakovich
10, 442
Guangdong
25, 34, 137, 178, 236, 237, 262–64, 267–68, 308, 310–11, 313–14, 317, 318, 327–28, 334–35, 351–52, 361, 438, 444, 448, 453, 461, 463
Guangxu, Emperor
100, 139, 150, 251, 442, 466
Guomindang (GMD)
2, 5–8, 10–13, 18–22, 120, 153, 206, 236–41, 260–65, 268, 271–74, 277–78, 285, 286–91, 296–97, 299, 302–4, 307, 308–9, 311, 313–14, 317–21, 325, 327–39, 341–45, 347, 352–54, 356–58, 362–364, 366–68, 373–77, 381, 383, 386–87, 390–93, 395–96, 400, 401, 403, 405–11, 413–16, 419, 424, 434–39, 441, 444, 448, 450–58, 461, 463–64, 466–69
left Guomindang
6–7, 12, 19, 262, 265, 291, 299, 301, 304, 307, 314, 319, 310, 329, 364–65, 367–68, 375, 377, 378, 382–83, 385–86, 388–94, 396–97, 403–8, 410, 416, 424, 426, 466
Han dynasty
52, 54, 55, 58, 61, 62, 66–74, 76, 149, 218, 220, 223, 351, 450, 459
hegemony
7, 9–10, 208, 232, 245, 293, 333, 345, 347–48, 350, 357, 364, 401
Hindenburg, Paul von
416, 443
Hohenzollerns
117, 466
Holland
4, 39, 40, 99, 115–16, 221, 266, 451
Hong Kong
80, 98, 102, 108, 137, 166–67, 177–78, 237, 261, 264, 270, 284, 303, 306, 337, 438, 448, 462, 467, 468
Hubei province
29, 30, 34, 231, 285, 317–18, 361, 364, 365, 375, 387, 389, 448, 453, 467, 469
Hunan province
83, 285, 339, 364–65, 386, 389, 392, 396, 448, 463–64, 467, 469
ideology
2, 18, 143, 150, 235, 237, 252, 335, 371
imperialism
5, 16, 17, 79, 91–92, 101, 123, 124, 129, 130, 136–37, 158–60, 164, 183, 187–92, 197, 206, 226–31, 234–35, 237, 241, 245, 248, 250, 255, 257, 261, 264–65, 268, 274–76, 279, 281, 283, 285–88, 290, 292, 294–96, 301, 304, 305–6, 308, 320–21, 323–24, 326–28, 331, 340–42, 346, 350, 353–55, 357, 361–62, 366, 368, 370, 372, 381–82, 398–99, 401–3, 409, 411, 419–20, 424, 420, 430
imports
63, 88–92, 95–96, 102, 121, 140, 181, 187, 190–91, 249
industrial revolution
37, 117, 175, 220
Italy
17, 32, 37, 39, 69, 84, 106, 115–16, 123, 141, 220–21, 226, 266, 444–45
Jacobins
247, 279, 322–23, 457
Jamieson, George
24–31, 33, 213, 445
Japan
89, 92–102, 104, 112, 118, 124–27, 130–31, 136, 138–41, 145–46, 155, 170–71, 177, 187, 189, 191–93, 229–30, 250, 266, 272, 304, 319, 331, 338, 376, 408
Kadets
248, 297, 347, 355, 357, 380, 395, 435, 452, 459, 462
Kamenev, Lev Borisovich
14, 368, 431, 445
Kamkov, Boris Davidovich
18, 445
Kantorovich, Anatolii Iakovlevich
168, 211, 217, 223, 284, 446
Kautsky, Karl
31–32, 37, 412, 446
Kerensky, Alexander Federovich
242, 332, 346–47, 377, 380, 392, 395, 397, 403, 404, 424, 434, 446
Kolchak, Alexander V.
412, 413, 434, 438
Korea
97, 98, 100–1, 110, 112, 138, 408, 452
Kornilov, Lavr Georgievich
377, 392, 395, 397, 404, 434, 446, 458
KPD (Communist Party of Germany)
1, 4, 436, 443, 446–47, 449, 451
kulaks
200, 240, 264, 275, 318, 352
KUTK (Communist University of the Toilers of China)
434, 439, 452, 459, 466
KUTV (Communist University of the Toilers of the East)
5–6, 273, 283, 303, 345, 349, 436, 449, 452, 459
landed property
24, 27–28, 53, 70, 73
landholding
23, 27–28, 30–31, 33, 36, 57, 59, 60, 71, 199, 216–17, 222
landlords
28–33, 43, 45, 53, 55–58, 60–62, 64–69, 72–74, 76–77, 93–95, 105–6, 112–14, 149, 165, 201–4
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich
75, 199, 235, 238, 243–44, 246, 248, 252–53, 259, 262–63, 277, 279, 292, 294, 296–99, 301–2, 304, 324, 337, 341–42, 347, 366–67, 371, 380, 403, 412, 425, 429–32, 447, 465
Leninism
209, 275–76, 327, 358, 379, 408, 409
Li Dazhao
328, 448
Li Hongzhang
94–95, 97, 103, 114, 127, 132–34, 142, 151, 161, 163, 166, 177, 251, 448, 469
Li Jishen
285, 315, 317, 448
Liaodong peninsula
100–101, 104, 110, 125, 127–28, 130, 138
Liebknecht, Karl
3, 162, 449
Liebknecht, Wilhelm
162, 449
Liu Renjing
327, 449
loans
43, 70, 79, 92, 124, 126–27, 131–33, 136–38, 144, 167–71, 174–76, 179–80, 193, 202–3, 250, 255, 260, 268, 271, 272, 285–86, 294, 318, 320, 382, 390, 401
Lü Buwei
59, 218, 450
Luxemburg, Rosa
3, 296, 450
machine guns
342, 371, 382, 386
Manchu Qing dynasty
24, 40, 45, 48, 61, 64–65, 153–54, 156–57, 164–65, 185, 192, 194–96, 201, 222, 254, 439, 441–42, 448, 467
Manchuria
25, 28, 97–98, 109, 114, 118, 127–28, 131, 137, 142, 159, 170–71, 175–78, 180, 191, 203, 205, 258, 263, 449, 457
Martynov, Alexander Samoilovich
11, 274–76, 283, 295–96, 305, 342, 345–49, 356–57, 364, 373, 387, 396, 397–402, 414, 425–26, 428–30, 432–33, 452
Marx, Karl
9, 78–79, 238, 243, 292, 302, 323–24, 337, 358, 360, 371, 383, 384, 425, 452
Marxism
1, 3, 23, 154, 208, 209, 215–16, 224, 252, 283, 304, 323, 360, 405, 414, 441, 452
Meiji capitalist reforms
93, 94, 96, 141
Mensheviks
248, 283, 288, 291, 294, 297, 341, 344, 347–49, 355–56, 359, 364, 369, 379, 397, 399, 403, 405, 407–8, 416, 422, 425, 438, 440, 444, 449, 460, 462–63, 465
militarism
197, 203, 309, 331, 341, 355, 357
Miliukov, Pavel Nikolaevich
211, 404, 452
Ming dynasty
24, 31, 51, 54–55, 61, 64, 66, 69, 72, 76, 83, 218, 222–23, 467, 470
money
32–34, 44, 62–63, 65, 87, 124, 168–69, 194–95, 203, 224, 240, 253–54, 260, 269, 271–72
Mongolia
109, 142, 176, 408, 442, 444, 459–60
monopoly
35, 43, 170, 189, 190, 193–94, 255, 289, 403, 430
Nanjing
39, 79, 81, 169, 173, 178, 194, 289, 294, 321, 357, 376–77, 385–86, 389–90, 393, 412, 463, 466
national-liberation movement
5, 226, 252, 288, 306, 369
national revolution
226–27, 267, 269, 279–80, 286, 293, 306–7, 329–31, 333–34, 351–53, 371–72, 374, 380–81, 400–401, 403
Nicholas II
127, 129, 133, 158, 232, 252, 453
NRA (National Revolutionary Army)
6, 120, 237, 315, 376, 435, 438–39, 448, 463–64, 467–69
OGPU
345, 458
opium
33, 81, 88–89, 95, 140, 144, 183, 222, 249
Opium Wars
43, 79, 89, 100, 104, 115–16, 249
Ottoman Empire
97, 106, 444
peasant economy
30–31, 33, 79, 89, 197, 203, 357
peasant government
61, 69, 72, 74–76
peasant uprisings
8, 41, 54, 61, 72–73, 76, 216, 218, 219, 223, 238, 389–90, 395, 467
Pepper, John
360, 375, 454
petty bourgeoisie
9, 17–18, 20, 64, 77, 78, 117, 159, 204, 224, 227–28, 230, 232, 235, 237, 240, 243–44, 252, 256–57, 266–67, 276–78, 291, 299, 303–5, 312, 316, 323, 326, 328–29, 333, 335, 337, 341, 350, 356, 362, 365, 367, 374–75, 383–84, 393–94, 397, 403–4
Piatakov, Iuri (Georgii) Leonidovich
13, 368, 454
Piatakov-Radek Trial
13–14
Pokotilov, Dmitrii Dmitrievich
131–35, 161, 455
Pokrovskii, Mikhail Nikolaevich
10, 105, 110, 112, 149, 393, 455
Politburo
7–8, 11–12, 20, 265, 307, 344, 411, 423, 425–26, 428–31, 433, 436–37, 445–47, 449, 457, 460–64, 466, 469–70
Polo, Marco
32, 37, 61–63, 82, 213, 217, 220, 455
Port Arthur
101, 104, 110–11, 125, 128, 131–35, 137, 175, 469
ports
41, 79–81, 83–84, 89, 92, 102, 110–12, 116, 130–31, 163, 178, 183, 193, 249, 251
Portugal
266
Pravda
5, 11, 13, 262, 311–12, 345–47, 356, 359–60, 371, 378, 380, 385–87, 389, 392–94, 396, 412, 425, 427–28, 433, 437, 445
Prigozhin, Abram Grigorievich
11, 456
private property
23–27, 32, 52, 59–60, 70–72, 203, 206, 223, 324, 359
proletarian revolution
17, 242–43, 247, 275, 325, 351, 356
Prussia
67, 117, 202, 301, 435, 441
Qin dynasty
59, 61, 438, 456
Qin Shi Huangdi
54, 57–61, 67–68, 71, 77, 218, 253, 450, 456
Radek, Karl Bernhardovich
1–17, 19, 21, 32, 37, 38, 49, 54–55, 58, 59, 61, 62, 68–69, 75, 78–81, 85–86, 88, 93, 101, 105, 108, 114, 116–19, 123, 129, 134–35, 139–40, 144, 156, 163, 167, 173–74, 177–78, 186, 191, 200, 208–10, 212, 217, 221, 235–36, 242, 251, 253, 262–64, 287–88, 290–94, 298–99, 305, 310, 313, 316, 324, 325–33, 336–39, 341–42, 345, 347, 350–51, 353–60, 367, 371–72, 374, 378–79, 383, 385, 412, 417, 419–20, 423–25
railroad construction
69, 79, 86, 126, 138, 166, 169–74, 179, 183, 187–188, 205
Raskol’nikov, Fedor Fedorovich
7, 11, 252, 255, 263, 273, 277, 345, 456
Reclus, Élisée
54, 82–83, 140
Red Army
4, 120, 288, 290, 412–13, 460
rent
25–26, 28, 31, 52, 201–5, 240, 253, 284, 421
Riazanov, David Borisovich
105, 457
Rafes Moisei Grigorievich
11, 280, 283, 287–89, 291–93, 300–2, 344–45, 364, 356
Richthofen, Ferdinand von
33, 35, 37, 82, 116, 182, 184, 457
Roy, Manabendra Nath
396, 457
RSDLP (Russian Social Democratic Labour Party)
3, 341, 379, 434–38, 440–45, 447, 449–66, 470
Rubach, Mikhail Abramovich
10, 457
Russia
3, 4, 6, 17–18, 36, 51, 53, 56–57, 61, 68–69, 74, 97–98, 101–102, 104–110, 112–16, 118–120, 123–29, 131, 136–38, 141, 146–47, 152, 158–60, 163–65, 170, 175–78, 180, 206, 208, 212, 216, 222, 224, 226, 228, 229, 232, 237, 242, 252, 260, 265–66, 279, 287–88, 301, 304, 307, 377, 387, 399, 444, 447, 451, 467, 469
Russian revolution
17, 24, 136, 164, 209, 235, 238, 242, 244, 246, 263–64, 301, 304, 332, 380
Russo–Chinese Bank
127, 178, 180, 457
Safarov, Georgii Ivanovich
385, 412, 417, 458
Schüler, Wilhelm
205, 268, 458
SDKPiL (Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania)
3, 485
Shang/Yin Dynasty
144, 438, 464, 469
Shao Lizi
308, 458
Shumiatskii Boris Zakharovich
11, 283, 303, 345, 459
Sermuks, Nikolai Martynovich
420, 459
silk
34, 37–39, 53, 62–63, 88–90, 95–96, 162, 171, 197, 222, 249, 258
socialism
5, 19, 22, 75, 242–43, 252, 279–80, 301–2, 320, 358, 420, 431
Sokol’nikov, Grigorii Iakovlevich
13, 368, 460
Song dynasty
147, 466, 467
Song Ziwen
261, 271, 294, 365, 376, 391, 394, 461
soviets
4, 10, 290, 297, 342–43, 346, 363, 365–67, 383, 386, 390, 393, 399, 403–5, 407, 410, 413–16, 421, 428, 434–36, 438–41, 444–45, 449, 455, 459, 461–62, 463, 465–66, 470
Spain
322, 451, 469
SR s (Socialist-Revolutionaries)
17–18, 235, 273, 296–97, 412, 445, 453, 461
Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich
7–8, 10–11, 13, 14, 263, 266, 278, 286–87, 292, 308, 342, 343, 345–46, 365–68, 383, 385–89, 390, 393–94, 397, 399–409, 411, 414–15, 424–27, 430–31, 433, 436, 439–31, 443, 445, 448, 450, 453–54, 456, 458–59, 461, 464, 470
Suez canal
111
Sukhanov, Nikolai Nikolavich
291, 463
Sun Chuanfang
118, 339, 350, 373, 463
Sun Fo
241, 261, 294, 307, 330, 365, 375–76, 386–87, 391, 394, 463
Sun Yat-sen
10, 18–19, 22–23, 153, 194, 228, 234–37, 241, 246, 248, 252–56, 262–65, 267, 301–3, 307, 314, 319, 329–30, 336–37, 345, 374–76, 392, 438–39, 444, 448, 458, 461–63, 466, 468
Taiping Rebellion
28–29, 81, 116, 155, 193, 249, 252, 258, 263
Tang dynasty
73
Tang Shengzhi
285–86, 290, 309, 339, 364, 386–95, 398–99, 407, 415, 464
taxes
25, 29–30, 33–34, 36, 43–44, 46, 52, 56, 60, 65–66, 70, 74, 84, 94, 144, 172, 181, 192–98, 202, 216, 219, 232, 233, 238, 254, 258, 260, 264, 268, 313, 356, 357, 372
trade unions
20, 164, 245, 270, 273, 277, 290, 315–17, 319, 329, 343–44, 361, 365, 373, 376–78, 380, 397, 407, 419, 441, 449, 451, 455–56, 462, 464
Trotsky, Lev Davidovich
4, 6, 10–14, 16, 279, 368, 385, 412, 417, 419–20, 423, 428, 430–33, 447, 459–60, 464
Trotskyism
278–79, 344, 373, 469
Tsarism
105–8, 110–11, 113–14, 124–25, 129, 136, 141, 152, 159, 163–65, 178, 227, 248, 252, 419, 421
Turkestan
98, 107–9, 142, 171, 176, 182, 183, 220, 234, 441, 460
USA (United States of America)
11, 112, 128, 149, 170, 186, 191, 241, 254, 257, 263, 266, 376, 447, 453, 459, 461
UTK (University of the Toilers of China)
2, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 345, 434, 440, 442, 452, 456, 459, 469
Varga, Evgenii Samuilovich
40, 45–46, 48, 51, 210–11, 465
Vasiliev, Vasilii Pavlovich
172, 182–83, 247, 465
Voitinskii, Grigorii Naumovich
20, 308, 465
Volin Mikhail
198–200, 205, 259, 264
Wang Anshi
66, 72–73, 76, 212, 218–19, 466
Wang Jingwei
6, 12, 241, 262, 265, 302, 307, 314, 320, 368, 376–78, 385, 389–91, 393–94, 399, 403–7, 413, 415–16, 466
warlords
117–18, 195, 231–33, 236, 254–55, 258, 266, 277, 463
Weber, Max
40, 45, 53–54, 64, 211, 223, 466
well-field system
52–53, 57, 59, 70, 72, 216–18, 223
Whampoa Military Academy
237, 314, 329, 331, 334, 338, 439, 449, 458
Wilhelm II
128, 129, 159, 466
Wilson, Woodrow
170, 467
Witte Sergei Iulievich
111–13, 127, 129–130, 132, 134, 177, 467
worker–peasant government
262–64, 276, 295, 300, 312, 338, 404, 413, 454
world capitalism
92, 228, 249, 252, 256–57, 402
Wuhan
241, 270, 296, 299, 365, 366–69, 380, 375–76, 382, 385–93, 398, 404, 405, 407–16, 438, 461–64, 466–69
Wu Peifu
22, 117–18, 136, 195, 231, 239–40, 248, 263, 266, 271, 285–86, 309–10, 331, 338–39, 350, 379, 467
Xinhai Revolution
45, 262, 462, 467
Yangzi River
29, 72, 83, 120, 130–31, 137–38, 159–60, 163, 168, 173, 178–79, 180, 185, 205, 239, 274, 276, 316, 381, 384, 398
Yuan dynasty
32, 40, 61–62, 82, 222
Yuan Shikai
151, 155, 163, 193–96, 251–52, 255–56, 272–73, 468
Zakharov, Ivan Ilyich
24–27, 31, 52–53, 70–71, 73, 213, 216, 468
Zhakov, Mikhail Petrovich
8, 10–11, 51, 56, 215, 469
Zhang Zuolin
22, 117, 136, 195–96, 233, 248, 258, 263, 266, 285, 287, 289, 304, 319, 331, 338, 350, 388–98, 413, 448, 469
Zhili province
151, 154–55, 185, 195, 255, 457
Zhou Dawen
11, 88, 469
Zhou dynasty
51, 56, 68, 71, 467
Zimmerwald
3
Zinoviev, Grigorii Evseevich
6, 10–14, 20, 308, 368, 385, 393, 406, 412, 417, 423, 425, 427–31, 433, 470
Zinovievist opposition
441, 443, 445, 458, 470
Zubatov, Sergei Vasilievich
164–65, 470