Index of Subjects

In: Comparative Constitutional History
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Index of Subjects

Abdullah ii 129 , 149150
Achenwall, Gottfried 19
activism of courts 228 , 238
Adams, Alexander 29 , 35
Adams, John 9 , 169
Adams, John Quincy 13
African Charter of the Rights of Man and People (1981) 63
Alamán, Lucas 185186
Albania, Constitution of 63
Algeria 49
constitution-making process 150
distribution of powers following ‘Arab Spring,’ 135138 , 140141
external influences on constitutional process 152
unity of power principle 144145
Almódovar, Duque of 174175
The Anarchical Society (Bull) 910
‘Arab Spring’ effects in Middle East and North African region
concluding remarks 160162
distribution of powers 124141
Algeria 135138
Egypt 131135
emergency provisions 138141
Jordan 129131
Morocco 124129
Tunisia 154160
reasons for concentrations of powers 142154
constitutional tradition 142148
constitution-making processes 149150 , 158
external influences 150154
‘historical’ executive dominance 147148
unity of power principle 144147
Tunisian exception 154160
Aristotle 42
Armenia 62
Aruba 41 , 5556
Assad, Bashar al- 148
Athens 42
Augustine 43n12
Austria 46
Azerbaijan 65
Bahnini, Ahmed 146
balance of power 10 , 28
Baldus de Ubaldis 44
Bancroft, George
biographical notes 1415
early education 12 , 12n7 , 1314
and Göttingen school 1624 , 36 , 3739
and Heeren 2022
History of the United States 3637 , 39
Kirkland and 16
reviews of Histories 3036
and Round Hill School 2425 , 2829 , 35 , 36
and Saalfeld 1820
translating Heeren 2530
Barbosa de Melo, António 217
Barquera, Juan Wenceslao 179180 , 185
Barrera y Prieto, Francisco 192
Bartolus de Saxoferrato 4344
Basic Law of Hong Kong
Article 158 99100 , 101 , 103 , 104 , 110111
Article 159 112
Court of Final Appeals position change solution 106118
establishment and observation of 9094
Hong Kong courts and 96 , 97 , 100101
interpretation by Standing Committee 93n23 , 95104
proprio motu interpretation 9596 , 95n33 , 101102 , 102n49 , 104
Standing Committee scope reduction solution 105106
Bauer, Bruno 6566
Bayonne Statute 176
Beck, Charles 25 , 29 , 38
Benkirane, Abdelilah 125
Blanco White, José 177
Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich 15 , 16
Bode, G.H. 25 , 2829
Bognetti, Giovanni 2
Boissy d’Anglas, Count of 169 , 175
Bolívar, Simón 189190n102
Bolivia 189190n102
Bourbon 47
Bouteflika, Abdelaziz 135 , 150
Brazil 189n102 , 213
British Committee for the Theory of International Politics 10
Bull, Hedley 910 , 10n3
Bustamante, Anastasio 192 , 193
Butterfield, Herbert 10
Buzan, Barry 11
Cadiz Constitution (1812) 176177
Cameroon 65
Cardoso da Costa, José Manuel 217
Cartel de la Toga 227
Central African Republic, Constitution of 64
Cervati, Angelo Antonio 2
Chan, Johannes 109 , 114
Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1954) 5556 , 56n94
Chen, Albert 114 , 116117 , 117n110
Chia-Wei Chi case (Taiwan) 262
China, People’s Republic of See also Hong Kong autonomy
Article 31 of Constitution 90 , 98 , 116117
Article 67 of Constitution 98 , 110
Constitution of 64 , 113114
one country, two systems principle 90 , 90n11
Christianity, citizenship and 43
citizenship
choice 37n101
Dutch model 41 , 5258
French model 41 , 4552
history and evolution of 4245
Cogswell, Joseph Green 15 , 16 , 2425 , 36
Colombia
judicial review of constitutional amendments on Judiciary
about 226229 , 243
Constitutional Court and expansions 236239
debates on 1910–1977 229231
decision of 1978 231234
Public Action of Unconstitutionality 230
Supreme Court (1981) on Constitutional Reform of 1979 234236
unconstitutionality of Commission of Aforados 241242
unconstitutionality of Judiciary Government Council 239241
moderation in constitutional texts 189n102
colonialism
decolonization 5051
Dutch citizenship and 5258
English School and 12
executive dominance and 147
French citizenship and 4552 , 57
of Greece and Rome 34
Commission of Aforados 241242
Comoros Islands 64
conservative power
about 165
1836 Constitution of Mexico 184194
Considérations sur le Gouvernement Pologne et sur sa réformation projetée (Rousseau) 45n21
Constant, Benjamin 172174 , 177 , 212n36
constitutional complaint, defined 257
Constitutional Court Procedure Act (2019) (Taiwan)
filtering cases of constitutional complaint 270271
jurisdiction of the cct 268269
objects of constitutional complaint 269270
Constitutional Courts and Councils See also judicial review of legislation
Algeria 138 , 140
Colombia 236239
Egypt 134135
in Europe 202203
Germany 202 , 203 , 203n5 , 204 , 223 , 245
Hong Kong 106118
Jordan 129130
Portugal 201206 , 219 , 220223
Spain 203 , 203n5
Tunisia 141 , 156 , 159160
constitutional preambles See also Ukrainian Constitutional preamble
operative significance of 6162
overview 6165
constitutional tradition, Middle East and North African region 142148
Constitution for Curacao and Dependencies (1936) 55
constitution-making processes, Middle East and North African region (mena) 149150
constructive interpretation 205n13
Convention of 1794 (France) 47n37
culture, in defining state systems 10
Curaçao 41 , 5355 , 53n75 , 5556
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 4445 , 62 , 207
Declaration on the State Sovereignty of Ukraine 72
declarations of independence 62
decolonization 10 , 5051
De Lolme, Jean-Louis 167168
Democracy in America (de Tocqueville) 191
Des circonstances actuelles qui peuvent terminer la Révolution et des principes qui doivent fonder la république en France (de Staël) 170
despotism 166
de Staël, Mme 170
De systematibus civitatum (Pufendorf) 10
de Tocqueville, Alexis 191
de Visser, Maartje 255n57
diplomacy 10
Director of Immigration v Chong Fung Yuen 109110 , 112
divine right of kings 37n101
Domat, Jean 207n16
Du Contrat Social. Ou principes du droit politique (Rousseau) 45n21
Duerr, Schnutz Rudolf 256n59
Duque, Ivan 226
Dutch East India Company 5253
Dutch West India Company 5253
Egypt
distribution of powers following ‘Arab Spring,’ 131135 , 142 , 157
historical executive dominance 148
Eichorn, Johann Gottfried 15 , 1617
Eighty Years’ War 52
Eliot, Samuel Atkins 17 , 22 , 26
Emergency provisions in the Middle East and North Africa 138141
England
Almódovar on balance in Constitution 175
Constant on neutral constitutional monarchy 173174
De Lolme on moderation of powers in 167168
English Bill of Rights 21
Montesquieu on moderation of powers in 166
Sánchez de Tagle on Constitution 187188
English School of international relations theory 910 , 10n3 , 1112 , 31
Ennahdha 157158
Ensour, Abdullah 131
Eschassériaux, Joseph 169
ethnography 2122
Europe, judicial review in 202 , 203 , 204 , 206211
European states-system 1011 , 20
European Union, Ukrainian membership 8083
Everett, Edward 13 , 15 , 1617 , 2627 , 37n102
executive dominance, mena
Algeria 135138
Egypt 131135
emergency provisions 138141
history of 147148
Jordan 129131
Morocco 124129
‘The Expansion of the International Society in Heeren’s Account of the European States-System’ (Little) 11
The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State (Feldman) 123
federalism 213
Feldman, Noah 123 , 142
Felton, Cornelius 36
Ferdinand vii 175 , 177
feudalism 43 , 43n13
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb 23
Follen, Charles 29 , 35 , 38
France
Civil Code (1804) 207n16
colonialism and overseas model of citizenship 4552 , 57
Constitution of (1958) 62
Constitution of the iv Republic 62
Council of Elders 169170
French Revolution and citizenship 4445 , 4748
le deuxième empire colonial 4950
moderation in Constitution 166170
political divisions 41
senates and protection of constitutional order 170172
Freedom House 156
French Guyana 47
Germany
Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (1900) 207n16 , 252
German Basic Law of 1949 64
German legal thought in Taiwan and South Korea 251253
Heck’sche Formel 259
Methodenstreit 208
modeled by Taiwan and South Korea 258262
Urteilsverfassungsbeschwerde 247 , 260
Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit 202 , 203 , 203n5 , 204 , 223 , 245 , 248 , 258
Westphalian settlement 11
Ghai, Yash 92n20 , 108109
Gherardi, Donato 25
Gómez, Laureano 230
Gorbachev, Mikhail 75
Gorla, Gino 2
Göttingen School
and Bancroft 1624 , 36 , 3739
economics 12n7
founding 1112
influence on U.S. ‘second’ founders 1216
monism of 12n8
Göttingische Anzeigen 17
governmental forms in mena region See Middle East and North African region (mena)
Grand Justices of the Republic of China (Taiwan) See Taiwan, constitutional complaint in
Greece, Ancient
citizenship and polis 42
educational model of 22 , 25 , 2728
Greece, Constitution of 62
Grundrißeines Systems des europäischen Völkerrechts (Saalfeld) 18
Guadeloupe 47 , 48
Guerrero, Luis Guillermo 240
Häberle, Peter 1
Haftar, Khalifa 151n70
Haiti 62
Haitian revolution (1791) 47n37
Handbook of Positive International Law (Saalfeld) 18
Handbuch der Geschichte der Staaten der Alterthums (Heeren) 10 , 25 , 27 , 2936
Handbuch der Geschichte des europäischen Staatensystems und seiner Colonien (Heeren) 11 , 3036
Harrington, James 169
Harvard College 1516 , 22 , 29 , 3536 , 35n95
Hassan ii 125 , 139 , 145 , 146 , 149
Hedge, Levi 24
Heeren, Arnold
Bancroft translates 2530
impact of 10 , 1112 , 15 , 16
teaches Bancroft 2022
Hegel, G.W.F. 23
Heller, Herman 208
historiography, American 32n86
history, study of 34
History of the States of Antiquity (Heeren, trans. Bancroft) 2936
History of the States of Modern Europe (Heeren, trans. Bancroft) 3036
History of the United States (Bancroft) 3637 , 39
Hong Kong autonomy
Court of Final Appeals 94 , 101
Court of Final Appeals position change solution 106118
internationalized constitutional framework of 8994
interpretation of Basic Law by Standing Committee 93n23 , 95104
prc Constitution and 113114
proprio motu interpretation 9596 , 95n33 , 101102 , 102n49 , 104
Standing Committee scope reduction solution 105106
Hsu, Tzong-Li 267
Humboldt, Alexander von 23
Hussein, King 139 , 147
Ideen über Politik, den Verkehr, und den Handel der vornehmsten Völker der alten Welt (Heeren) 2627 , 35
India, amendment to preamble 8384
international law 10
Iran
Constitution of 62 , 6465 , 65n25
Iranian Founding Law (1906) 142 , 143
Islam 6465
Islamic State (isil) 151n73
Islamic states See Middle East and North African region (mena) following ‘Arab Spring’; specific states
Italy, Constitution of (1948) 62
Iturbide, Agustín de 164 , 178180
Jackson, Charles 35 , 36n97
Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig 25 , 29
Japan
Constitution of 63
and Korea and Taiwan 251253
Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong 8990 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 9394n27 , 9899
Jordan
constitution-making process 149150
distribution of powers following ‘Arab Spring,’ 129131 , 139
executive power and emergency states 139
external influences on constitutional process 152
historical executive dominance 147
Jovellanos, Gaspar Melchor 175
judicial review of constitutional amendments on Judiciary in Colombia
about 226229 , 243
Constitutional Court and expansions 236239
debates on 1910–1977 229231
decision of 1978 231234
Public Action of Unconstitutionality 230
Supreme Court (1981) on Constitutional Reform of 1979 234236
unconstitutionality of Commission of Aforados 241242
unconstitutionality of Judiciary Government Council 239241
judicial review of legislation See also Constitutional Courts and Councils
in Europe 201 , 206211 , 220n65
genealogy of Portuguese system 211219
Portuguese system 201206
Portuguese system critique 220224
in Spain 203 , 203n5
in United States 209210
Judiciary Government Council (Colombia) 239241
Juristenrecht 207n16
Keene, Edward 11 , 31
Kelsen, Hans 202 , 208
Kingdom Act on Dutch Citizenship (1985) 56
Kirkland, John Thornton 16 , 17 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 24n52 , 29 , 35n95
Korea, constitutional complaint in
activity and role of 247
Constitutional Review of Judgments Case 264 , 265 , 266
creation of 245246
from dictatorship to democracy 253255
evolution to enable complaint against judicial decisions 262267
future development forecast 273274
German legal thought in 251253
German model and 258262
Hun-Ba 260
Hun-Ma 260
against judgments of ordinary judiciary 248n19
Kuomintang 253 , 254
languages, official state
Algeria 135
Morocco 124
Ukraine 7679
Lau Kong Yung 107108 , 110
Laveaux, Etienne 47n39 , 48
Lavrynovych, Oleksandr 72
Legrand, Pierre 1
liberal realism 910
Lieber, Francis 35 , 38
Lim, C.L. 109 , 114
Linares Cantillo, Alejandro 240
litterae humaniores 43
Little, Richard 11
Lolly-Tollendal, Trophimé Gérard de 168
Lopez Michelson, Alfonso 231232
Macau 92n21
Maitland, Frederic William 2
Mali 63 , 65
Mansour, Adli 132
Manual of the History of the History of the Political System of Europe and its Colonies (Heeren) 3839
Marbury v. Madison 202 , 209210
Marshall, John 209210
Marsilius of Padua 43
Martens, Charles de 18
Martens, Georg Freidrich von 11 , 18
Martinique 47
McCullough, David 13
Meiji Restoration 251252
Menouni, Abdeltif 145146
Mexico, constitutional protections and contributions
about 164166 , 194195
Benjamin Constant and neutral power of monarch 172174
1836 Constitution and conservative power 184191
1836 Constitution failure 191194
first Constituent Congress 164 , 180181
French influence on moderating thought in 166170
French influence on senates and protection of constitutional order 170172
moderation of monarchy during Iturbide’s empire 178180
second Constituent Congress 164 , 180184
Spanish influence on moderating senates 174178
Supreme Conservative Power (scp) 187190
Tamaulipas Constitution 183
Xaliscan Constitution 183
Yucatecan Constitution of 1825 183
Zacatecas Constitution of 1825 183
Michelena, Mariano 184
Middle East and North African region (mena) following ‘Arab Spring’
distribution of powers 124141
Algeria 135138
Egypt 131135
emergency provisions 138141
Jordan 129131
Morocco 124129
Tunisia 154160
reasons for concentrations of powers 142154
constitutional tradition 142148
constitution-making processes 149150 , 158
external influences 150154
‘historical’ executive dominance 147148
unity of power principle 144147
summary remarks 160162
Tunisian exception 154160
Military Junta (Colombia) 230231
moderation
about 165
French influence on moderating thought in Mexico 166170
in Mexican 1836 Constitution 187
moderation of monarchy during Iturbide’s empire 178180
Mohammed V 145
Mohammed vi 124 , 125 , 128 , 145 , 149
monarchy
in Jordan 129131 , 139 , 149150
in Mexico, under Iturbide 178180
in Morocco 124129 , 140 , 145148
neutral power of 172174 , 212n36
in Portugal 211212
monism 12n8
Montealegre Lynett, Eduardo 241
Montesquieu, Jean-Louis Secondat de 166167
Morocco
constitution-making process 149
distribution of powers following ‘Arab Spring,’ 124129 , 140
external influences on constitutional process 152
historical executive dominance 147148
unity of power principle 145147
Morsi, Mohamed 132
Motspan, Anatoliy 73
Mounier, Jean-Joseph 168 , 175
Mubarak, Hosni 148
Namibia 65 , 65n30
Napoleon 11 , 2021 , 48n47 , 172 , 175176
nationalism 32 , 72
Netherlands
citizenship model 41
colonialism and overseas model of citizenship 5258
political divisions 41 , 5556
Ng Ka Ling 106 , 115
North African and Middle East region (mena) See Middle East and North African region (mena)
Northwest Indian War 13
Norton, Andrews 17 , 1819
Nunes de Almeida, Juiz Conselheiro Luís 217
Ottoman Basic Law (1876) 142143
overseas citizenship
Dutch model 41
French model 41 , 4552
Pagano, Francesco Mario 190n103
Pakistan, Constitution of 65
parliamentary legislation 206207
patriotism 32
Penn, William 21
Peru 189n102
Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich 23
Peter iv 211
philology 22
Philosophical and Political History of the Settlements and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies (Reynal, trans. Almódovar) 175
Plan of Iguala 178
polis 42
Politica (Aristotle) 42 , 42n8
political representation
citizenship and 44n20
Dutch overseas territories 5557
French overseas territories 4552 , 57
Politics of Ancient Greece (Heeren, trans. Bancroft) 33
Poroshenko, Petro 80
Portugal
authoritarian constitution 214215
colonialism 46
constitutional monarchy in 211212
Constitution of 6364
Council of the Revolution 216219
critique of judicial review system 220224
democratic constitution 215220
judicial review in 201206
republican constitution 213214
Pothier, Robert 207n16
power See also separation of powers in mena region following ‘Arab Spring’
conservation of 165
moderation of 165
preambles, constitutional See constitutional preambles ; Ukrainian Constitutional preamble
Principles of Politics Applicable to All Representative Governments (Constant) 173
private law 207n16
progress 34
Progress of Politicks (Ticknor) 19 , 20
Prussia 37n101
Public Action of Unconstitutionality (Colombia) 230
Pufendorf, Samuel von 10
Pütter, Stephan 11
Ramírez, José Fernández 191n105
Ramírez, Pedro 191n105
reciprocity 44
Reflections on the Politics of Ancient Greece (Bancroft) 26
religious establishment 6465
Renaissance, citizenship during 4344
representation See political representation
Réunion 47
Reyes, Rafael 229230
Ridola, Paolo 2
Rojas Pinilla, Gustavo 230
Roman Antiquities (Adams) 29 , 35
Round Hill School 2425 , 2829 , 35 , 36
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 45n21
Saalfeld, Friedrich 12 , 1820
Sáchica, Luis Carlos 234
Sadat, Anwar 148
Saint Martin 41 , 5556
Sánchez, Prisciliano 181182 , 183
Sánchez de Tagle, Francisco Manuel 187188 , 190191
Santos, Juan Manuel 239 , 240
Sarraj, Fayez al- 151n70
Savigny, Carl von 23
Schleiermacher, Friedrich 23
Schlözer, August Ludwig von 19
Schmitt, Carl 62 , 208
senates
in 1836 Mexican Constitution 184191
French senates and protection of constitutional order 170172
moderating senate in Spain 174178
moderation of monarchy in Mexican empire 178180
separation of powers in mena region following ‘Arab Spring’
distribution of powers 124141
Algeria 135138
Egypt 131135
emergency provisions 138141
Jordan 129131
Morocco 124129
Tunisia 154160
reasons for concentrations of powers 142154
constitutional tradition 142148
constitution-making processes 149150 , 158
external influences 150154
‘historical’ executive dominance 147148
unity of power principle 144147
summary remarks 160162
Tunisian exception 154160
Seven Years’ War 46
Sieyès, Emmanuel 170 , 171n32 , 189
slavery 47n37
Smend, Rudolf 62 , 208
social welfare programs 58
Solon 42n7
sovereignty 63
Soviet Union, and Ukraine 67 , 7475
Spain
Absolutist Restoration 177
amparo 248n19
Beitia Plan 177178
Cadiz Constitution (1812) 176177
colonialism 46
judicial review in 203 , 203n5
moderating senate in 174178
Sparta 4243
The Spirit of Laws (Montesquieu) 166167
Spirit of the Times (Ticknor) 19
staatensystem 10 , 11 , 21n34
Statisticks (Ticknor) 19
studia humanitatis 43
Supreme Conservative Power (Mexico) 165
Syria
executive power and emergency states 139
external influences on constitutional process 152154
historical executive dominance 148
Syrota, Mykhailo 70 , 7172 , 73
Tai, Benny 111n84
Taiwan, constitutional complaint in
activity and role of 247
Constitutional Court Procedure Act 246 , 246n9 , 247 , 262 , 267274
Constitutional Interpretation Procedure Act 261262
creation of 246
from dictatorship to democracy 253255
evolution to enable complaint against judicial decisions 262267
German legal thought in 251253
German model and 258262
importance of individual 256258
JY Interpretation No. 86 272273
JY Interpretation No. 154 265266
JY Interpretation No. 530 273
post-2022 development forecast 267274
Supreme Administrative Court 273274
xiànfǎ sùyuàn 248n20
Telles, Miguel Galvão 217
Thoma, Richard 208
Ticknor, Anna 26
Ticknor, George 12 , 15 , 16 , 1920 , 22 , 26 , 3435 , 37
Tovt, Mykhailo 73
Treaties of Cordoba 178
Treaty of Paris (1763) 47
Triepel, Heinrich 208
Trojan War 27
Tunisia
1861 Constitution 142
external influences on constitutional process 152
following ‘Arab Spring,’ 141 , 154160
Turbay Ayala, Julio César 234 , 236
Turkey, Constitution of 65
Ukrainian Constitutional preamble
concept of Ukrainian people 7173
concluding remarks 85
Constitution Commission membership 6869
drafting debates 7174
drafting process of 6771
and EU membership 8083
evolution of 8687
independence of Ukraine 67
overview of 6566
overview of constitutional preambles 6165
recent developments 7985
social regime debate 7374
text of 71
use of by Constitutional Court of Ukraine 7479
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (ussr), and Ukraine 67 , 7475
United States
Constitution adoption and compromise 66n35
Constitution of 1787 182183
founders debate and European influence 1214
judicial review in 209210
‘second’ founders and Göttingen school 1216 , 3839
War of 1812 27
War of Independence 27 , 32
unity of power principle 144147
Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man (1948) 63
Uribe, Alvaro 227 , 237238
Valdés, Antonio José 178179 , 185
Vattel, Emer de 11
Venezuela 189n102
Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit 202 , 203 , 203n5 , 204 , 223 , 245 , 248 , 258
Victoria, Guadalupe 185
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969) 89
Vietnam, Constitution of 62 , 63 , 63n12
Vitrenko, Natalia 72
Vollgraff, Karl Friedrich 19
war 10
War of Austrian Succession 46
Watson, Adam 10
Westphalian settlement 11
Wette, Wilhelm de 29
Whiskey Rebellion 13
Wight, Martin 10
Yuz’kov, Leonid Petrovych 75
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Comparative Constitutional History

Volume One: Principles, Developments, Challenges

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