Index
Aemilius Lepidus, M. (triumvir)
139–140, 142–143, 147, 164–166, 194–195, 199, 201, 204, 206, 208
Aemilius Lepidus, Paullus
46, 112–113, 146–147
Africa
205
agreement
6, 11, 114, 139–140, 156–157, 162–163, 165–166, 193
of Teanum
141–143, 161, 163, 166
of 17 March 44 BC
192–193, 199
Alexandria
87, 149
altercatio
195
ambassador(s)
89, 163
Ammianus Marcellinus
232
amicitia/amicus
84, 93, 98–99, 190, 200, 205n46,
friendship
Anneo Seneca, L.
183
Antiochus III, king of Syria
87, 157
Antonius, L.
140–144, 148–149, 154, 161–163, 165, 201
Antonius, M. (triumvir)
11, 133, 139–140, 142–143, 146, 148–151, 153, 160–162, 165, 167, 177–178, 185, 189, 193–200, 202–210, 227–228
Antony
,
see Antonius M.
Apamea, peace of
88
Apollo
58n15, 62, 208
Appian
23, 87, 96, 138–144, 148, 159, 161–164, 196, 199n
arbiter/arbitrator
11, 142, 154, 156–157, 162–164, 167
arbitration
10–11, 88, 153–160, 162–167
(
mediation
)
by bonus vir
155–156, 164
by compromissum
155–157
by iudex
155–156,
in Gabii
163–164, 166,
in elections
158
in political disputes
160
Arena, Valentina
7, 9, 47, 193, 208, 220
Aristophanes
36–37
Asia minor
92
Asinius Pollio, C.
161, 201, 204
Astymedes
89
Athens/Athenian
21, 36, 41, 48, 88, 96, 98, 195n28
auctoritas
11, 86, 170–172, 175, 176, 179, 184
of Augustus
173–175, 178, 185–186
of the princeps
172–175, 185
of the Senate
173–175, 185
Augustine
57–61, 64–65, 77, 105, 109, 121n10
Augustus
1, 6–7, 11, 27, 40, 51, 109n7, 134–135, 150n54, 170–179, 183–186, 209, 217, 225
Aulus Gellius
,
see Gellius Aulus
autonomia
71, 115
battle
of Beneventum
74
of Heraclea
49
of Munda
189
of Mutina
140, 194, 196, 199, 202, 204, 207–209
of Pharsalus
189
of Philippi
142, 160–161, 165, 199n, 208
of Pydna
46, 85, 87–88, 94, 96
of Sentinum
74
Berenice, queen
156
Caecilius Metellus, G.
231–232
Caelius Rufus, M.
201
Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, L.
167
Carthage
40, 109
Carthaginians
40, 42, 50, 74, 90
Cassius Dio
138, 142, 145, 147, 149, 153n4, 159, 161–164, 232
Cassius Longinus, G.
146, 176, 193, 197, 200, 205, 207–208
Catiline
134, 228
Catilinarian debate
87, 98
census
23, 120
Cincinnatus
40
citizenship
5, 8, 15, 18–23, 42, 75, 104, 116–117, 119n6, 123, 133, 186
Cleopatra
149, 178
Cocceius Nerva, M.
153
coins
42n, 74, 79n, 173, 176, 180, 182, 208
comedy
Latin
35, 37, 39, 41, 45
New
36
Old
36
comitia
20, 23, 27–28, 145, 170
contagio
190, 199
contio
119n6, 143, 148, 162n50, 226, 230
consilium
193, 209
constantia
6
constitution
71, 123n18
mixed
126–127, 170
consul
10, 19, 122, 126, 138, 148, 150–151, 158, 161–162, 165–166, 170, 193, 196, 198
ordinarius
145–146, 149
tasks of
145–148
subordinate to the triumvirs
139, 141, 144, 148, 150
suffectus
140, 144–146, 151, 162n46
consulship
10, 19, 34, 138–140, 143–145, 147–149, 151
subjected to triumvirate
144–145, 148, 151
Coriolanus
153
Cornelius Balbus, L.
146, 206
Cornelius Dolabella, P.
199, 201
Cornelius Scipio L.
113, 115
Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, P.
48, 50, 106–111, 115, 230–232
Cornelius Scipio Africanus, P.
113
Cornelius Scipio Nasica, P.
48, 191, 193, 200
Cornelius Sulla, P.
132–133, 158, 189, 227n44, 230–233
decemvirs/related to
4, 21
Delos
88
Delphi
208–209
democracy/democratic
9, 47, 96, 105, 110, 113, 120–121, 125, 170
Demosthenes
9, 84–85, 96–100
On the Liberty of the Rhodians
9, 96
detrimentum
127, 129–131
devotio
120
dialogue (literary genre)
218–220, 222–223, 225, 227
dictator/dictatorship
40, 133, 139, 190, 196, 201–202, 231
Digest
8, 15–16, 24, 26, 133–134
dignitas
86, 107, 172, 206, 207n54
dominatio
2, 5, 33, 189n3, 222n28
Domitius Ahenobarbus, Cn.
149, 160
Eleutheria (deity)
45
eleutheria
85, 96, 98, 115
eloquentia
217, 220–221, 224–225
embassy(ies)
21, 88, 163, 194
emperors
Caligula
179, 184, 186
Claudius
95n37, 175, 179–180, 185–186
Domitian
179, 182
Galba
181–182
Hadrian
95
Nero
179, 181, 183, 217
Nerva
182, 183n43, 217
Otho
181
Tiberius
179, 230n58
Trajan
183n43, 217
Vespasian
181, 217, 225
Vitellius
181
empire
8–9, 70, 104–106, 108–111, 113, 118, 121n10, 124n, 128, 131, 136, 145, 180–181, 234
republican
104, 106, 115–117
Ennius
8, 35, 47–50, 62
Annales
48–49
Erechtheus
48, 51
Phoenix
48–49
Eumenes II
157
exemplum/exempla
191, 218, 230–231, 232n70, 233n72
fabula palliata
36, 41, 45, 48
fabula praetexta
48
factio
51, 130, 176–178, 201, 209n67
familia
76–77
Favorinus
156
fides
6, 192n17, 223
Florentinus
8, 24–26, 28
foreign
people
36, 43
policy
85, 99, 116
power
9
forum
19, 41, 45, 62, 64–66, 70, 78, 147, 192, 203
freeborn
4, 35, 38, 43, 45, 49, 51, 74
freedman
19, 23n63, 39, 41–42, 44–45, 49–50, 56, 74, 86, 95
freedom
2–3, 12, 24, 35, 44, 47–48, 51, 99, 104–105, 107–109, 111–112, 114–116, 184, 191, 193, 207, 209, 225
of non-Romans
9, 46–47, 50, 84–85, 87, 91–92, 94–96, 99–100, 108, 113–115
political
,
see libertas political
friend/friendship
43, 48, 65, 84, 86, 93, 95, 97–98, 114–115, 150, 153, 163, 190, 198, 200–201, 205–206, 221, 223, 227, 229,
amicitia
Fufius Calenuns, Q.
167n66
Fulvius Nobilior, M.
48
Gellius, Aulus
85–87, 90–91, 94, 95n37, 98–101, 156
Noctes Atticae
85–86
gradatio
107, 110
greed
87n16, 90, 93n32
Greek culture
36, 41, 46, 49, 68, 76, 96–97, 100, 123n18, 126, 170, 190
Hannibal
37
Herakleia
113, 115
Hirtius, A.
140, 194, 199–205, 207–208
homo sacer
190–191, 197, 206
Horace
153, 210
Hume, D.
25
hybris
97n, 98
(
superbia
)
imperator
112–113, 143, 148
imperium
10, 84, 92, 94, 104, 107–112, 114–115, 124n22, 132–134, 138–139, 142–144, 149, 151
iniuria
128, 227n43
Isidore of Seville
107–108, 110
isonomía
46
Iulia Antonia
153
Iulius Caesar, G.
11, 98, 126, 133–134, 159, 162, 167, 176–178, 189–190, 195–196, 200–208, 227n44, 228
as tyrant
190, 197–199, 206
death
190, 194, 198–199
Iulius Caesar Octavianus, G. (young Caesar)
7, 11, 139, 140, 142–144, 146, 149–151, 153–154, 160–165, 167, 193–194, 199, 201–208
(
Augustus
)
Iunius Brutus, D.
193–194, 196, 199, 201, 204, 208–209
Iunius Brutus, L.
4, 19, 34, 146, 191–193, 200, 208
Iunius Brutus, M.
42n47, 176, 191, 193, 200, 202, 204, 207–208, 210
ius
alieni
18
auxilium
5, 23, 73
civile
116–117
civitatis
123
imperii
132
intercessionis
73
privatum
111
provocationis
73, 133
publicum
111
suffragium
73
Johnson, Robert
110
Jupiter
40, 59, 62, 65, 69, 72, 74–75, 191, 195
Justinian
15, 24, 106, 124n22
king(s)
1–3, 7, 19, 34, 46–47, 49, 95, 105, 115, 124n22, 149, 160, 198–199, 210–211
law
civil
115
natural
15, 135
public
15, 112
Roman
8, 15–16, 18n18, 24, 69, 105, 113, 123n20, 155
letter(s)
86–87, 100, 113, 158, 190
from Antonius
11, 194–196, 199–208
from Cicero
158, 197–198, 204
lex
Appuleia frumentaria
130
Appuleia de maiestatis minutione
129
Cornelia de maiestate
132–135
curiata
165,
de capite civium
127
de maiestatis
119, 127, 131
de provocatione
4, 5, 23, 44
iudiciorum publicorum
133
Iulia de maiestate
133–135
Laetoria
38
Lutatia
128n27
Pedia
140
Poetelia Papiria
18, 21, 23
Porcia de provocatione
44, 47
Porcia de tergo civium
44
repetundarum
106
sacrata
191
Titia
139–141
Liber (god)
9, 20, 55, 62–64, 66, 75–79
etymology
55, 58–61, 63, 68–69, 71–72
god of fertility
58, 60, 62, 65–67, 75, 77
releaser of masculine seeds
55, 59–60, 62, 71, 77
wine and
60–61, 71
liber
4, 19, 20, 47, 71, 76, 222n28
Libera
20, 59–60, 75–78
Liberalia
20, 63, 65–68, 78
Liberator(s)
11, 19, 46, 50, 55, 189–194, 196–201, 204–210
Libertas (divinity)
45, 72, 75, 181, 208
statue of
179,
temple of
23, 42, 74, 75
libertas
1–4, 6–7, 105, 109–111, 124, 178–179, 183–185, 195–196, 199, 210
aequa
46–47, 51
amissa
51
as catchword
5, 8, 12, 179, 189
as civic rights
15, 46–47, 52, 56, 73, 93, 106, 115, 117, 220
as faculty
8, 16, 24, 25, 72
as freedom of speech
5, 11–12, 44, 56, 106, 150, 164, 216–226, 229–230, 232–234
as non-domination
5, 8, 16, 20, 33, 35, 38–39, 48, 51–52, 72–75, 79, 92, 104–105, 108, 124n22, 220, 222–223
as safety/protection
5, 15, 44, 52, 71, 218n
as self–determination
33, 47, 92, 219
as self-fulfilment
56, 67, 72, 78–79, 110
Augusta
180–181
economic
56, 73, 75
fatherland and
38–40, 43, 48, 51
from physical or emotional constraints
9, 25–26, 51, 75
imperial
185, 217, 219, 222, 230,
in coins
176, 180–182, 208
in Tacitus
183, 216–234
internal/moral
48–49, 51, 183–184
juridical
8–9, 35, 49–50, 56, 68–68, 71–72, 75
legal
16, 22, 24–26, 42, 50, 220, 234
orationis
33, 36, 44, 51
(
as freedom of speech
)
political
4–5, 7–9, 15, 19, 23, 33–35, 42, 44, 46–47, 50–52, 73, 75, 79, 109, 118, 138, 143, 171, 183–184, 193–194, 206–209, 211, 217–220,
publica
19, 27, 179, 181–182
republican
198, 219, 225–226, 229–230, 234
restituta
51, 181–182
senatoria
44, 217
variety of meanings/adaptability
5–6, 34, 56, 79, 176, 186, 217, 218n, 222
vindex
11, 51, 176, 189, 191–192, 197, 207, 209
liberty
1–3, 5, 7, 15, 56, 66, 74, 176, 184, 207
neo-Roman theories of
104–106, 108, 112
libido dominandi
109
licentia
218, 224n33, 225–227, 230, 232–233
litigation
123, 142
Livy
2–3, 5, 19, 33–34, 40, 44, 46, 50, 84, 87, 89, 95, 111, 116, 120, 124n22, 232
Ab Urbe Condita
2
Lucilius
47
Lucretius
61
ludi
37, 63
Maecenas, C.
153
Maelius
40
Macedonia
94–95
Machiavelli, N.
105, 109
maiestas
114, 129, 130n31, 131–132, 136
(
lex de maiestate
)
populi
114, 130–132
rei publicae
132
mancipatio
18
Manius Iuventius Thalna
88
manumission
23, 41, 42n49, 72, 95
Marius, G
131, 198
Mark Antony
,
see Antonius M.
Marsyas
69–71
Matius, C.
190, 200
Mausolus
96
mediation/mediator
87–88, 153–154, 159, 169
metus
26, 84n2
minutio
127, 130–131
Moatti, Claudia
2n8, 3, 7, 10–11, 170–171, 175
moderatio
6
monarchy/monarchical
2, 11, 19, 34, 111, 116, 118, 125, 138, 143, 170, 183, 186, 191, 217
republican
110, 116
mos maiorum
121, 158, 192, 208
Mucia Tertia
153
Munatius Plancus, L.
194, 199, 208
Naevius, Cn.
35–36, 48n88
Agitatoria
35
Tarentilla
36
neutrality
88, 92, 167
nexum
18, 21–23
Octavia
153
Octavian
(
see Iulius Caesar Octavianus, C.
)
optimates
46, 129–131, 133, 176, 202, 211
oratory
11–12, 107, 194, 197, 208, 221–224, 226, 228
(
rhetoric
)
public speech
216–218, 220,
as free speech
11–12,
republican
217–218, 222–223, 227, 229, 233
imperial
217, 223, 229
Osteria dell’Ossa
16–17
Ovid
48, 64, 66, 77, 186
parricidium
11, 191, 194, 196–200
paterfamilias
18, 20
pater patriae (parens patriae)
197–199
patria potestas
20
Paul (Iulius Paulus Prudentissimus) jurist
24–26, 128
Pedius, Q
139, 140, 141n11
perduellio
127, 129, 133n37
Perseus, king of Macedon
46, 85, 87–88, 91–92, 94
Persius (character in Horace’s Satires)
210–211
Pettit, P.
1n2, 72n82
Philip V, king
37
pietas
40, 41, 206
pilleus
41–42, 56, 73–75, 95, 192n17
pirates
92
Plautus
8, 35–38, 41–43, 45–47, 51, 85, 92, 120, 166
Amphitruo
39
Bacchides
38, 44, 51
Captivi
37, 42–43, 51
Epidicus
41
Miles Gloriosus
37, 41, 51
Mostellaria
36, 44
Poenulus
40, 42, 51
Pseudolus
38
Rudens
38, 45
Stichus
37
Plutarch
96, 153n4, 199n, 230–233
Pocock, J.
109–110, 116, 123n18
politeia
118, 121, 126
political thought
2n8, 6n26, 7–8, 12, 93, 104, 108
Polybius
88–89, 95, 105, 126, 170
Pompeius, Cn.
146, 147n43, 159, 189, 200–202, 205, 206–207, 227n44, 230–232
Pompeius, Sex
153, 160–161, 164, 195, 202–205
Pompey
,
see Pompeius Cn,
popularis
47, 130–132, 176, 202
populus
3, 27, 120, 121n10, 124, 128n27, 129–130, 133–134, 226
Romanus
130, 179, 217
(
Roman people
)
Porcio Cato the Elder, M.
9, 44, 46, 48, 50, 84–101, 105, 111, 121n10, 124
De falsis pugnis
93
De Macedonia liberanda
94
Origines
85, 89, 98, 100
Pro Rhodiensibus
9
Porcio Cato the Younger, M.
158
as arbiter
159, 167
potestas
20, 134, 148, 173
praetor
26, 41, 45, 88, 131, 156–159, 210
princeps
1, 133n138, 134–136, 172–175, 180, 185–186
senatus
173
Principate
6, 11, 15, 106, 117, 123n17, 124n22, 135, 138, 170
Priscian
100
Proculus
106, 114
proscriptions
132, 141, 208, 231
provocatio
, (
lex de provocatione
)
ad populum
133
Prusias II, king of Bithynia
95
Pyrrhus, king
49
Quintilian
101, 125–126, 171, 175
Quintus Axius
86
Quintus Minucius Thermus
93
recte
128–129
regnum
2–3, 5, 33–34, 40, 47, 191–192, 199
republic
106, 114, 118, 135, 143, 145, 179, 186, 191–193, 196, 198, 218, 221, 223, 226–227, 230, 233–234
archaic/early
1, 19, 24, 190
democratic
110
late
5, 7, 9, 15, 24, 27–28, 34, 43, 46, 49, 51, 56, 58, 61–62, 65–67, 74–80, 105, 125, 133, 135, 157–159, 220–221, 229
political system
118, 124n22, 171, 218
Roman
1–2, 7, 12, 40, 55, 73, 170, 176, 186, 208, 216
res
116, 119–120, 122–123
civitatis
123n17
divinae et humanae
121–122, 130n31
familiaris
123n17
pars/partis
11, 126
populi
3
privata
123n17
summa
135
Res Gestae Divi Augusti
27, 41n39, 51, 172–176, 178, 209
res publica
1–3, 6–7, 10, 33, 42, 52, 111, 122, 123n18, 124, 127–129, 131–135, 138, 143, 153, 155, 166–167, 170, 173, 178–179, 216–218, 222, 225, 229, 234
as public thing
3, 121, 125, 136
as commonwealth
4, 40, 113, 118, 121, 170
causa
128
conflicting meanings
119, 121, 126, 129, 196
cura
5
forma
126, 170, 171, 175,
libera
124n22, 177, 185,
non-specificity
118, 119, 121, 123, 171, 186, 225
pars/partis
171, 175–176, 183–186
princeps and
40, 136
restituta or restored
170, 186
salus
128
translation
119, 121
rhetoric
8, 11, 86, 88, 91, 193, 195, 196, 205
(
oratory
)
Rhodes/Rhodians
9, 50, 84–101, 111
rights
5, 15, 21, 23, 25, 33, 42, 45, 47, 56, 73, 78–79, 93–94, 106, 131, 165, 216
(
ius
)
Roller, M.
4, 220, 222n28
Roman
citizen
42, 44, 47, 50, 52, 73, 78, 108, 115, 117, 157, 164, 172
morality
36, 38, 39, 46, 108, 172
people
1–2, 10, 33, 41, 50, 70, 97, 108, 112–116, 120, 131, 134, 182, 197, 203, 207
power, critical view of
94, 105, 113
Rutilius Rex, P.
210
sacrosanctitas
190, 191, 196
Sallust
33, 87, 98, 105, 110
Sempronius Gracchus, G.
127–128
Sempronius Gracchus, T.
23, 74–75, 106–108, 110, 127, 135, 191, 230, 232n68
sedition
10, 125, 127, 131–132, 134, 226
Senate
9, 41, 51, 70, 84, 86, 88–89, 96, 99, 112–113, 123n16, 126–127, 128n27, 129, 130n31, 131–132, 135, 138, 148–151, 157, 165, 170, 172–175, 179, 182, 185–186, 189, 194, 196, 199, 203, 205, 208, 217, 221, 226, 231
senatus-consultum
128–129, 173–175, 193
de Bacchanalibus
122
de Cn. Pisone Patre
174
ultimum
127, 129–131, 135
Servilius Ahala, C.
40, 191, 200
Servius
68–71, 75, 118n2,
Servius Tullius
,
see Tullius, Servius
servitus
5, 34, 36, 92, 98, 222n28,
servus
4, 19, 222n28
(
slave
)
Skinner, Q.
1n2, 72n82, 118
slave
4–5, 8, 16, 18–23, 35–39, 41–45, 47, 51, 94–95, 113, 141, 157, 220
slavery
2, 16–24, 26, 33, 36, 38, 48, 73, 75, 92–95, 98, 104, 111, 189
soldier(s)
11, 50, 74–75, 141–143, 150, 160–161, 165–166, 179, 204, 208
as arbiters
153–154, 160, 166,
libertas of
155, 164, 166,
sovereignty
85, 113, 127, 130n31, 131, 218n
SPQR
41, 136, 182
superbia
5, 84, 87n14, 89n25, 90, 93n32, 95n37, 98–99
Tacitus
6, 8, 12, 19, 33, 34, 105, 116, 183, 216–234
Agricola
216
Annales
6, 19, 217
Dialogus de Oratoribus
8, 12, 217–222, 233–234
Aper
221, 223–225, 229
Maternus
219–23
Messalla
221–225, 229
Secundus
221, 223
Historiae
217
Tarquinius the Elder
18
Tarquin the Proud
1, 19, 33, 49, 55, 118
Terence
8, 35, 39, 46, 51, 61
Adelphoe
46, 51
Andria
39
Tiro
,
see Tullius Tiro
toga praetexta
65–66
toga virilis
65–67, 78
Trebonius, C.
199–200
tribune of the plebs
4–5, 7, 23, 44, 73, 127–128, 130–132, 139, 150, 190–191
triumvirate
10, 138–141, 160–161
as illegal
143–144
legally created
141
triumvirs
10, 138–145, 147–149, 153, 160–162, 164–167, 208–209
Tullius Cicero, M.
3–4, 7–8, 11, 24–25, 27, 33, 46, 48, 61, 75–77, 84, 86–87, 105–106, 113–115, 119–120, 124n22, 127–128, 132–135, 140, 158, 165, 167n66, 176, 192–198, 200–209, 221, 227–229, 232–233
Paradoxa Stoicorum
24–25
Philippics
11, 133, 193–194, 196, 200, 203, 207, 227
rhetoric
193, 208, 228, 233
Tullius Cicero, M. (filius)
148
Tullius Cicero, Q. (filius)
202
Tullius Tiro
86–87, 91, 96–97, 99–100
Tullius, Servius (king)
19, 21
Twelve Tables
16, 18–22, 35n12, 122, 156
tyranny
2, 10, 46, 110, 135–136, 143, 176, 178–179, 183–186, 194, 197, 208–209
tyrannicide(s)
11, 134, 192–193, 196–197, 209–211
tyrant
3, 33, 180, 190, 192–193, 198–199, 206–207
Ulpian
26, 105–106, 133
Valerius Maximus
173, 230–233
Valerius Publicola, P.
191
value
6
moral
6, 39, 192, 193, 207, 223
political
6, 12, 172–173, 175–176, 178–179, 181, 184, 186
Varro
58–59, 62–66, 77, 120
Velleius Paterculus
124n22, 146, 173, 209, 231n61, 232
Ventidius Bassus, P.
140, 203
vestal virgins
64n43, 163–164
veterans
88, 142, 153–154, 160, 162–164, 166–167, 204, 207
Veturia
153
Vibius Pansa, C.
140, 201–203
vindicta
19, 23
violence
24–27, 94, 154, 172, 227–228
Virgil
62, 64–65, 68
virtue
40, 51, 105, 108, 109, 110, 172, 193, 223
virtus
42, 62, 110
and libertas
6, 39–40, 48–51, 109
Volumnia
153
war
civil
10, 40, 153–154, 159, 166–167, 177–178, 189, 191, 195–196, 200n, 201, 204–207
first Punic
16
Perusine
141, 143, 148–149, 161–163, 165, 167
second Punic
37, 48, 50
second Macedonian
37
social
79
third Macedonian
46, 47, 85, 95
with Pyrrhus
49