Abbreviations: Bibliographical
A. 1998 |
Donbaz, Veysel. “A Middle Babylonian Legal Documents Raising Problems in Kassite Chronology.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 41 (1982): 207–12. |
AAICAB I/1 |
Grégoire, Jean-Pierre. Archives administratives et inscriptions cunéiformes. Ashmolean Museum, Bodleian Collection Oxford. Contribution à l’ histoire sociale, économique, politique et culturelle du Proche-Orient ancien, vol. I, les sources 1. Paris: Geuthner, 1996. |
AAICAB I/2 |
Grégoire, Jean-Pierre. Archives administratives et inscriptions cunéiformes. Ashmolean Museum, Bodleian Collection Oxford. Contribution à l’ histoire sociale, économique, politique et culturelle du Proche-Orient ancien, vol. I, les sources 2. Paris: Geuthner, 2000. |
ABAW |
Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. |
AbB |
Altbabylonische Briefe in Umschrift und Überzetzung. Leiden, 1964–. |
AbB 1 |
Kraus, F.R. Altbabylonische Briefe in Umschrift und Übersetzung. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1964. |
AbB 2 |
Frankena, Rintje. Briefe aus dem British Museum. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1966. |
AbB 3 |
Frankena, Rintje. Briefe aus der Leidener Sammlung. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1968. |
AbB 4 |
Kraus, F.R. Briefe aus dem Archive des Šamaš-Ḫazir in Paris und Oxford. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1968. |
AbB 5 |
Kraus, F.R. Briefe aus dem Istambuler Museum. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1972. |
AbB 6 |
Frankena, Rintje. Briefe aus dem Berliner Museum. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1974. |
AbB 7 |
Kraus, F.R. Briefe aus dem British Museum. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1977. |
AbB 8 |
Cagni, Luigi. Briefe aus dem Iraq Museum. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1980. |
AbB 9 |
Stol, Marten. Letters from Yale. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1981. |
AbB 10 |
Kraus, F.R. Briefe aus kleineren westeuropäischen Sammlungen. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1985. |
AbB 11 |
Stol, Marten. Letters from Collections in Philadelphia, Chicago and Berkeley. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1986. |
AbB 12 |
van Soldt, Wilfred H. Letters in the British Museum. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1990. |
AbB 13 |
van Soldt, Wilfred H. Letters in the British Museum. Part 2. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1993. |
AbB 14 |
Veenhof, Klaas R. Letters in the Louvre. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2005. |
ABIM |
Zaybārī, Akram. Altbabylonische Briefe des Iraq-Museums. PhD diss., University of Münster, 1962. Köln, 1964. |
ABL |
Harper, Robert Francis. Assyrian and Babylonian Letters. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1914. |
ADART |
Sachs, Abraham J., and Hermann Hunger. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia I–VII. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1988–. |
AED |
Kane, Thomas L. Amharic-English Dictionary. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1990. |
AfO |
Archiv für Orientforschung. |
AfO 25 |
Westenholz, Aage. “Old Akkadian School Texts.” Archiv für Orientforschung 25 (1974–1977): 95–110. |
ÄHK |
Elmar Edel. Die ägyptisch-hethitische Korrespondenz aus Boghazköi in babylonischer und hethitischer Sprache. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1994. |
AHw |
von Soden, Wolfram. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Unter Benutzung des lexikalischen Nachlasses von Bruno Meissner (1868–1947). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1959–1981. |
AIA 8 |
Tablets in the collections of the Australian Institute of Archaeology, Melbourne. |
AIHA |
Rasheed, Fawzi. The Ancient Inscriptions in Himrin Area. Baghdad: Ministry of Culture and Information. The State Organization of Antiquities and Heritage, 1981. |
AKT 8 |
Veenhof, Klaas R. Ankara Kültepe Tabletleri VIII. The Archive of Elamma, son of Iddin-Suen, and his Family. Ankara, 2017. |
AOAT 51 |
Paulus, Susanne. Die babylonischen Kudurru-Inschriften von der kassitischen bis zur frühneubabylonischen Zeit, untersucht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung gesellschafts- und rechtshistorischer Fragestellungen. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2014. |
ARCANE |
Associated Regional Chronologies for the Ancient Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean. |
ARES 4 |
Civil, Miguel. The Early Dynastic Practical Vocabulary A (Archaic HAR-ra A). Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 2008. |
ARET |
Archivi reali di Ebla. Roma, 1985–. |
ARET 1 |
Archi, Alfonso. Testi amministrativi: assegnazioni di tessuti (Archivio L.2769). Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 1985. |
ARET 2 |
Edzard, Dietz Otto. Verwaltungstexte verschiedenen Inhalts (aus dem Archiv L.2769). Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 1981. |
ARET 3 |
Archi, Alfonso, and Maria Giovanna Biga. Testi amministrativi di vario contenuto (Archivio L.2769: TM.75.G.3000–4101). Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 1982. |
ARET 4 |
Biga, Maria Giovanna, and Lucio Milano. Testi amministrativi: assegnazioni di tessuti (Archivio L. 2769). Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 1984. |
ARET 5 |
Edzard, Dietz Otto. Hymnen, Beschwörungen und Verwandtes (Aus dem Archiv L.2769). Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 1984. |
ARET 7 |
Archi, Alfonso. Testi amministrativi: registrazioni di metalli e tessuti (Archivio L.2769). Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 1988. |
ARET 8 |
Sollberger, Edmond. Administrative Texts Chiefly Concerning Textiles (L.2752). Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 1986. |
ARET 9 |
Milano, Lucio. Testi amministrativi: assegnazioni di prodotti alimentari (Archivio L.2712—Parte I). Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 1990. |
ARET 11 |
Fronzaroli, Pelio. Testi rituali della regalità (L.2769). Roma, 1993. |
ARET 12 |
Lahlouh, Mohammed, and Amalia Catagnoti. Testi amministrativi di vario contenuto (Archivio L.2769: TM.75.G.4102–6050). Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 2006. |
ARET 13 |
Fronzaroli, Pelio. Testi di cancelleria: i rapporti con le città (Archivio L.2769). Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 2003. |
ARET 15 |
Pomponio, Francesco. Testi amministrativi: assegnazioni mensili di tessuti, periodo di Arrugum (Archivio L.2769). Parte I. Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 2008—Parte II. Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 2013. |
ARET 16 |
Catagnoti, Amalia, and Pelio Fronzaroli. Testi di cancelleria: il re e i funzionari (L.2769), Parte I. Roma: Missione Archeologica Italiana in Siria, 2010. |
ARET 18 |
Catagnoti, Amalia, and Pelio Fronzaroli. Testi di Cancelleria: il re e i funzionari, Vol. 2 (L. 2875). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2020. |
ARET 19 |
Samir, Imad. Monatliche Buchführung über Textilien aus Ibriums Amtszeit (Archiv L. 2769). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2019. |
ARET 20 |
Archi, Alfonso. Administrative Texts: Allotments of Clothing for the Palace Personnel (Archive L. 2769). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2018. |
ARM |
Archives royales de Mari. Paris, 1950–. |
ARM 1 |
Dossin, Georges. Correspondance de Šamši-Addu. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1950. |
ARM 2 |
Jean, Charles-F. Lettres diverses transcrites et trauduites. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1950. |
ARM 3 |
Kupper, Jean-Robert. Correspondance de Kibri-Dagan. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1950. |
ARM 4 |
Dossin, Georges. Correspondance de Šamši-Addu. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1951. |
ARM 5 |
Dossin, Georges. Correspondance de Iasmaḫ-Addu. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1952. |
ARM 6 |
Kupper, Jean-Robert. Correspondance de Baḫdi-Lim. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1954. |
ARM 10 |
Dossin, Georges. Correspondance féminine. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1978. |
ARM 14 |
Birot, Maurice. Lettres de Yaqim-Addu, gouverneur de Sagarâtum. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1974. |
ARM 26 |
Durand, Jean-Marie. Archives épistolaires de Mari I/1. Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1988.—Dominique Charpin, Francis Joannès, Sylvie Lackenbacher, and Bertrand Lafont, Archives épistolaires de Mari I/2. Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1988. |
ARM 27 |
Birot, Maurice. Correspondance des gouverneurs de Qaṭṭunân. Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1993. |
ARM 28 |
Kupper, Jean-Robert. Lettres royales du temps de Zimri-Lim. Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1998. |
AS |
Assyriological Studies. Chicago, 1931–. |
AS 17 |
Buccellati, Giorgio, and Robert D. Biggs. Cuneiform Texts from Nippur. The Eighth and Ninth Seasons. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1969. |
AS 22 |
Whiting, Robert M. Old Babylonian letters from Tell Asmar. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1987. |
ASBW |
Steible, Horst. Die altsumerischen Bau- und Weihinschriften. I–II. Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1982. |
ASJ |
Acta Sumerologica. |
ASJ 4 |
Foster, Benjamin R. “An Agricultural Archive from Sargonic Akkad.” Acta Sumerologica 4 (1982): 7–51. |
ASJ 16 |
Alster, Bendt, and Aage Westenholz. “The Barton Cylinder.” Acta Sumerologica 16 (1994): 15–46. |
AUCT |
OB Andrews University Cuneiform Texts. Berriens Springs, Michigan, 1984–. |
AUWE |
Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka. Endberichte. Mainz, 1987–. |
AVSB |
Kouwenberg, N.J.C. The Akkadian Verb and its Semitic Background. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2010. |
BagM |
Sassmannshausen, Leonhard. “Ein ungewöhnliches mittelbabylonisches Urkundenfragment aus Nippur.” Baghdader Mitteilungen 25 (1994): 447–57. |
BaM |
Baghdader Mitteilungen. |
BaM Beih. 2 |
Mayer, Werner R. Texte aus dem Res—Heiligtum in Uruk-Warka. Kopien von Jan van Dijk. Baghdader Mitteilungen, Beiheft II. Berlin: Gebrüder Mann Verlag, 1980. |
BAM |
Die Babylonisch-Assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen. |
BATSH |
Berichte der Ausgrabung Tall Šēḫ Ḥamad/Dūr-Katlimmu. |
BBSt |
King, W.L. Babylonian Boundary Stones and Memorial Tablets in the British Museum. London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1912. |
BBVO 24 |
Ziegler, Nele, and Eva Christiane Cancik-Kirschbaum, edited by. D’Aššur à Mari et au-delà. Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient 24. Gladbeck: PeWe-Verlag, 2014. |
BBVOT |
Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient. Texte. Berlin, 1989–. |
BDB |
Brown, Frnacis, S.R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs. A Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford, 1906. |
BDTNS |
Base de Datos de Textos Neosumerios (Database of Neo-Sumerian Texts) ( |
BE |
The Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1893–. |
BE 9 |
Hilprecht, H.V., and A.T. Clay. Business Documents of Murashû Sons of Nippur dated in the Reign of Artaxerxes I. (464–424 B.C.). Philadelphia: Department of Archaeology, University of Pennsylvania, 1898. |
BE 14 |
Clay, Albert T. Documents from the Temple archives of Nippur dated in the reigns of Cassite rulers. Philadelphia: Department of Archaeology, University of Pennsylvania, 1906. |
BE 17 |
Radau, Hugo. Letters to Cassite Kings from the Temple Archives of Nippur. Philadelphia: Department of Archaeology, University of Pennsylvania, 1908. |
Behnstedt |
Behnstedt, Peter. Die nordjemenitischen Dialekte (Glossar). Wiesbaden: Reichert verlag, 1992–2006. |
BiMes |
Bibliotheca Mesopotamica. Malibu, 1975–. |
BIN |
Babylonian inscriptions in the collection of James B. Nies. |
BIN 8 |
Hackman, George Gottlob. Sumerian and Akkadian Administrative Texts from Predynastic Times to the End of the Akkad Dynasty. Babylonian inscriptions in the collection of James B. Nies vol. 8. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958. |
BRM |
Babylonian Records in the Library of J. Pierpont Morgan. New Haven, 1917–. |
BWL |
Lambert, Wilfred G. Babylonian Wisdom Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959. |
CAD |
Oppenheim, A. Leo, Erica Reiner, and Martha T. Roth, edited by. The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. 21 volumes. Glückstadt-Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1956–2010. |
CCT 5 |
Sidney Smith, and Donald J. Wiseman. Cuneiform Texts from Cappadocian Tablets in the British Museum. Part V. London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1956. |
CDA |
Black, Jeremy, Andrew George, and Nicholas Postgate. A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2000. |
CDG |
Leslau, Wolf. Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1987. |
CDLI |
Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative ( |
CHD |
The Hittite Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago, 1980–. |
Civil |
Civil, Miguel. “Cuneiform Texts.” In Excavations at Nippur, Eleventh Season, edited by McGuire Gibson, 125–42. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1975. |
CM 12 |
Wallenfels, Ronald. Seleucid Archival Texts in the Harvard Museum. Groningen: Styx, 1998. |
CRRA |
Compte rendue de la …e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale. |
33. CRRA |
Foster, Benjamin R. “Notes on Women in Sargonic Society.” In La femme dans le Proche-Orient antique. Compte rendu de la XXXIIIe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale (Paris, 7–10 juillet 1986), edited by Jean-Marie Durand, 53–61. Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1987. |
CSOL I |
Naumkin, Vitaly, Leonid Kogan et al. Corpus of Soqoti Oral Literature. Volume One. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2014. |
CSOL II |
Naumkin, Vitaly, Leonid Kogan et al. Corpus of Soqoti Oral Literature. Volume Two. Forthcoming. |
CT |
Cuneiform Text from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum. London, 1896–. |
CT 2 |
Pinches, Theophilus G. Cuneiform Text from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum. Part II. London: The Trustees of the British Museum, 1896. |
CT 22 |
Campbell Thompson, Reginald. Cuneiform Text from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum. Part XXII. London: The Trustees of the British Museum, 1906. |
CT 50 |
Sollberger, Edmond. Cuneiform Text from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum. Part L. Pre-Sargonic and Sargonic Economic Texts. London: The Trustees of the British Museum, 1972. |
CT 54 |
Dietrich, Manfried. Cuneiform Text from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum. Part LIV. Neo-Babylonian Letters from the Kuyunjik Collection. London: The Trustees of the British Museum, 1979. |
CTA |
Herdner, Andrée. Corpus des tablettes en cunéiformes alphabétiques découvertes à Ras Shamra-Ugarit de 1929 à 1939. Paris: Geuthner, 1963. |
CTH |
Laroche, Emmanuel. Catalogue des textes hittites. Paris: Klincksieck, 1971. |
CTMMA |
Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1988–. |
CTMMA 1 |
Sollberger, Edmond. “Old Akkadian Texts (Nos. 6, 7).” In Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, vol. 1. Tablets, Cones, and Bricks of the Third and Second Millennia B.C., edited by Ira Spar, 6–9. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1988. |
CTMMA 3 |
Spar, Ira, and Eva von Dassow, with contributions by J.N. Postgate and Linda B. Bregstein. Cuneiform Texts in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, vol. 3. Private Archive Texts from the First Millennium B.C. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. |
CTMMA 4 |
Spar, Ira, and Michael Jursa. Cuneiform Texts in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, vol. 4. The Ebabbar Temple Archive and Other Texts from the Fourth to the First Millennium B.C. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2014. |
CTN |
Cuneiform Texts from Nimrud. London, 1972–. |
CTN 1 |
Kinnier Wilson, James V. The Nimrud Wine Lists. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 1972. |
CTN 2 |
Postgate, John N. The Governor’s Palace Archive. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 1973. |
CTN 3 |
Dalley, Stephanie, and John N. Postgate. The Tablets from Fort Shalmaneser I. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 1984. |
CTN 5 |
Saggs, Henry W.F. The Nimrud Letters, 1952. Oxford: Oxbow, 2001. |
CUSAS |
Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology. Bethesda, 2007–. |
CUSAS 9 |
Dalley, Stephanie. Babylonian Tablets from the First Sealand Dynasty in the Schøyen Collection. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2009. |
CUSAS 12 |
Civil, Miguel. The Lexical Texts in the Schøyen Collection. Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology vol. 12. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2010. |
CUSAS 13 |
Maiocchi, Massimo. Classical Sargonic Tablets Chiefly from Adab in the Cornell University Collections. Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology vol. 13. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2009. |
CUSAS 17 |
Steinkeller, Piotr. “Third-Millennium Royal and Votive Inscriptions.” In Cuneiform Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts in the Schøyen Collection. Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology vol. 17, edited by Andrew R. George, 1–28. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2012. |
CUSAS 18 |
George, Andrew R. Babylonian Divinatory Texts Chiefly in the Schøyen Collection. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2013. |
CUSAS 19 |
Maiocchi, Massimo, and Giuseppe Visicato. Classical Sargonic Tablets Chiefly from Adab in the Cornell University Collections. Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology vol. 19. Part II. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2012. |
CUSAS 23 |
Bartash, Vitali. Miscellaneous Early Dynastic and Sargonic Texts in the Cornell University Collections. Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology vol. 23. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2013. |
CUSAS 26 |
Westenholz, Aage. A Third-Millennium Miscellany of Cuneiform Texts. Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology vol. 26. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2014. |
CUSAS 27 |
Milano, Lucio, and Aage Westenholz. The “Šuilisu Archive” and Other Sargonic Texts in Akkadian. Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology vol. 27. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2015. |
CUSAS 28 |
Pearce, Laurie E., and Cornelia Wunsch. Documents of Judean Exiles and West Semites in Babylonia in the Collection of David Sofer. Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology vol. 28. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2014. |
CUSAS 30 |
van Soldt, Wilfred H. Middle Babylonian Texts in the Cornell University Collections. I. The Later Kings. Bethesda: CDL Press, 2015. |
DCEPHE |
Durand, Jean-Marie. Documents cunéiformes de la IVe Section de l’ École Pratique des Hautes Études. Genève-Paris: Droz, 1982. |
DCPA |
Sokoloff, Michael. A Dictionary of Christian Palestinian Aramaic. Leuven: Peeters, 2014. |
DGMA |
Ridder, Jacob Jan de. Descriptive Grammar of Middle Assyrian. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2018. |
DJBA |
Sokoloff, Michael. A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic. Ramat-Gan: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. |
DJPA |
Sokoloff, Michael. A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic. Ramat-Gan: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. |
DNWSI |
Jacob Hoftijzer, and Karel Jongeling. Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1995. |
Dozy |
Dozy, Reinhard. Supplément au dictionnaires arabes. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1881. |
DRS |
Cohen, David. Dictionnaire des racines sémitiques. Leuven: Peeters, 1976–. |
DUL |
del Olmo Lete, Gregorio, and Joaquín Sanmartín. A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 20153. |
DV 5 |
Nikol’skij, M.V., Dokumenty chozjajstvennoj otčetnosti drevnej Chaldei iz sobranija N.P. Lichačeva. Čast 2, Epocha dinastii Agade i epocha dinastii Ura. Moskva: Tipografija Lissnera i Sobko, 1915. |
ECTJ |
Westenholz, Aage. Early Cuneiform Texts in Jena. Pre-Sargonic and Sargonic Documents from Nippur and Fara in the Hilprecht-Sammlung vorderasiatischer Altertümer, Institut für Altertumswissenschaften der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena. København: Munksgaard, 1975. |
EDA I |
Kogan, Leonid, Manfred Krebernik, and Michael P. Streck. Etymological Dictionary of Akkadian, Vol. I. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020. |
EDG |
Leslau, Wolf. Etymological Dictionary of Gurage (Ethiopic). Vol. III. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1979. |
EDH |
Leslau, Wolf. Etymological Dictionary of Harari. Berkeley: University of California Publications, 1963. |
Edubba 1 |
Muhammed, Ahmad Kamil. Old Babylonian Cuneiform Texts from the Hamrin Bassin: Tell Haddad. London: Nabu Publications, 1992. |
Edubba 7 |
Al-Rawi, Farouk, and Stephanie Dalley. Old Babylonian Texts from Private Houses at Abu Habbah Ancient Sippir. London: Nabu Publications, 2000. |
Edubba 9 |
Ismaʾel, Khalid Salim. Old Babylonian Cuneiform Texts from the Lower Diyala Region: Telul Khattab. London: Nabu Publications, 2007. |
EKI |
König F.W. Die elamische Königsinschriften. Graz, 1965. |
ELTS |
Gelb, Ignace J., Piotr Steinkeller, and Robert M. Whiting, Jr. Earliest Land Tenure Systems in the Near East: Ancient Kudurrus. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1991. |
EPSD |
The Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary ( |
EV |
Ebla Vocabulary (extracts). Cf. Pettinato, Giovanni. Testi lessicali bilingui della biblioteca L. 2769. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1982. |
EW |
Hinz, Walther, and Heidemarie Koch. Elamisches Wörterbuch. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1987. |
FAOS |
Freiburger Altorientalische Studien. Stuttgart, 1975–. |
FAOS 5 |
Steible, Horst. Die altsumerischen Bau- und Weihinschriften. Unter Mitarbeit von Hermann Behrens. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982. |
FAOS 7 |
Gelb, Ignace J., and Burkhart Kienast. Die altakkadischen Königsinschriften des dritten Jahrtausends v. Chr. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1990. |
FAOS 8 |
Kienast, Burkhart. Glossar zu den altakkadischen Königsinschriften. Unter Mitwirkung von Walter Sommerfeld. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1994. |
FAOS 19 |
Kienast, Burkhart, and Konrad Volk. Die sumerischen und akkadischen Briefe des III. Jahrtausends aus der Zeit vor der III. Dynastie von Ur. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1995. |
FM |
Florilegium marianum. Paris, 1992–. |
FM 1 |
Durand, Jean-Marie, edited by. Florilegium marianum. Recueil d’ études en l’ honneur de Michel Fleury. Paris: SEPOA, 1992. |
FM 2 |
Charpin, Dominique, and Jean-Marie Durand, edited by. Recueil d’ études à la mémoire de Maurice Birot. Paris: SEPOA, 1994. |
FM 3 |
Charpin, Dominique, and Jean-Marie Durand, edited by. Recueil d’ études à la mémoire de Marie-Thérèse Barrelet. Paris: SEPOA, 1997. |
FM 4 |
Ziegler, Nele. Le Harem de Zimrî-Lîm. La population féminine des palais d’ après les archives royales de Mari. Paris: SEPOA, 1999. |
FM 7 |
Durand, Jean-Marie. Le Culte d’ Addu d’ Alep et l’ affaire d’ Alahtum. Paris: SEPOA, 2002. |
FM 8 |
Durand, Jean-Marie. Le culte des pierres et les monuments commémoratifs en Syrie amorrite. Paris: SEPOA, 2005. |
FM 9 |
Ziegler, Nele. Les Musiciens et la musique d’ après les archives de Mari. Paris: SEPOA, 2007. |
Fr. |
Freytag, Georg Wilhelm. Lexicon arabico-latinum. I–IV. Beirut, 1975. |
Fs. Foster |
Westenholz, Joan Goodnick. “Drink to Me Only with Thine Eyes.” In Opening the Tablet Box. Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Benjamin R. Foster, edited by Sarah C. Melville, and Alice L. Slotsky, 463–84. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2010. |
Fs. Saporetti |
Dallo Stirone al Tigri, dal Tevere all’ Eufrate. Studi in onore di Claudio Saporetti, edited by Paola Negri Scafa, and Salvatore Viaggio. Roma: Aracne, 2009. |
Fs. Å.W. Sjöberg |
Dumu-e₂-dub-ba-a. Studies in Honor of Åke W. Sjöberg, edited by Hermann Behrens, Darlene Loding, and Martha T. Roth. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. |
GAG |
von Soden, Wolfram, unter Mitarbeit von Werner Mayer. Grundriss der akkadischen Grammatik. Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 19953. |
GD |
Landberg, Compte de. Glossaire daṭînois. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1920–1942. |
GEL |
Liddel, Henry George, and Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. |
GLE |
Catagnoti, Amalia. Grammatica della lingua di Ebla. Firenze: Università di Firenze, 2012. |
GLH |
Laroche, Emmanuel. Glossaire de la langue hourrite. Paris: Editions Klincksieck, 1980. |
Grammar |
Hämeen-Antilla, Jaakko. A Sketch of Neo-Assyrian Grammar. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2000. |
HALOT |
Koehler, Ludwig, Walter Baumgartner, and Johann Jakob Stamm. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1994–2000. |
HED |
Puhvel, Jaan. Hittite Etymological Dictionary. Berlin-New York: De Gruyter Mouton, 1984–. |
HS |
Refers to the number of a document within the Hilprecht-Sammlung; see WZJ 8. |
HSED |
Orel, Vladimir, and Olga V. Stolbova. Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1995. |
HSS 10 |
Meek, Theophile James. Old Akkadian, Sumerian, and Cappadocian Texts from Nuzi. Harvard Semitic Series vol. 10. Cambridge, U.S.A: Harvard University Press, 1935. |
HW1 |
Friedrich, Johannes. Hethitisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: C. Winter, 1952. |
IAK |
Ebeling, Erich, Bruno Meissner, and Ernst F. Weidner. Die Inschriften der altassyrischen Könige. Leipzig: Quelle & Meyer, 1926. |
IAMN 12 |
Naab, Jakob Paul, and Eckhard Unger. Pir Hüseyin’de Naram-Sin stelinin keşfi. Die Entdeckung der Stele des Naram-Sin in Pir Hüseyin. Istanbul, 1934. |
IAS |
Biggs, Robert D. Inscriptions from Tell Abū Ṣalābīkh. Chicago-London: Chicago University Press, 1974. |
Imlihiye |
Kessler, Karlheinz. “Kassitische Tontafeln vom Tell Imlihiye.” Baghdader Mitteilungen 13 (1982): 52–79. |
Iraq |
Iraq. Journal of the British School of Archaeology in Iraq. |
IRS |
Malbran-Labat, Florence. Les inscriptions royales de Suse. Briques de l’ époque paléo-élamite à l’ empire néo-élamite. Paris: Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1995. |
IRSA |
Sollberger, Edmond, and Kupper, Jean-Robert. Inscriptions royales sumériennes et akkadiennes. Editions du Cerf: Paris, 1971. |
IS |
Fuchs, Andreas. Die Inschriften Sargons II. aus Khorsabad. Göttingen: Cuvillier Verlag, 1994. |
ITT 1 |
Thureau-Dangin, François. Inventaire des Tablettes de Tello conservées au Musée Impérial Ottoman I. Textes de l’ époque d’ Agadé. Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1910. |
ITT 2 |
Genouillac, Henri de. Inventaire des Tablettes de Tello conservées au Musée Impérial Ottoman II. Textes de l’ Époque d’ Agadé et de l’ Époque d’ Ur. Paris: Leroux, 1910. |
JAOS |
Journal of the American Oriental Society. New Haven, Ann Arbor 1843- |
Jastrow |
Jastrow, Marcus. A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1996. |
JCS |
Journal of Cuneiform Studies. |
JCS 20 |
Goetze, Albrecht. “An Archaic Legal Document.” JCS 20 (1966): 126–27. |
JCS 55 |
Buccellati, Giorgio. “A LU E School Tablet from the Service Quarter of the Royal Palace AP at Urkesh.” JCS 55 (2003): 45–48. |
JL |
Johnstone, T.M. Jibbāli Lexicon. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981. |
KAH |
Keilschrifttexte aus Assur historischen Inhalts (= WVDOG 16. 31, Leipzig 1911). |
KAI |
Donner, Herbert, and Wolfgang Röllig. Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften. Band I. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2002. |
KAJ |
Erich Ebeling. Keilschrifturkunden aus Assur juristischen Inhalts. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, 1927. |
KAN |
Keilschrifttexte aus neuassyrischen Archiven. |
KAN I |
Jakob-Rost, Liane, Frederick Mario Fales, and Evelyn Klengel-Brandt. Neuassyrische Rechtsurkunden I. Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1996. |
KAN II |
Jakob-Rost, Liane, Karen Radner, and Veysel Donbaz. Neuassyrische Rechtsurkunden II. Saarbrücken: Saarbrücker Druckerei und Verlag, 2000. |
KAN III |
Faist, Betina. Neuassyrische Rechtsurkunden III. Saarwellingen: Saarländische Druckerei & Verlag, 2005. |
KAN IV |
Faist, Betina. Neuassyrische Rechtsurkunden IV. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2010. |
KAV |
Schroeder, Otto. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig: Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, 1920. |
KBo |
Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi. Leipzig, Berlin, 1916–. |
KEWA |
Mayrhofer, Manfred. Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen. Heidelberg: Winter, 1956–1980. |
Kirbāsi |
Kessler, Karlheinz. “Kassitische Tontafeln vom Tell Imlihiye.” Baghdader Mitteilungen 13 (1982): 52–79. |
KTT |
Keilschrifttexte aus Tuttul: Krebernik, Manfred. Tall Biʿa/Tuttul II: Die altorientalischen Schriftfunde. Saarbrücken: Saarbrücker Druckerei, 2001. |
KTU1 |
Manfried Dietrich, Oswald Loretz, and Joaquín Sanmartín. Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit. Kevelaer and Neukirchen-Vluyn: Butzon und Bercker & Neukirchener Verlag, 1976. |
KTU2 |
Manfried Dietrich, Oswald Loretz, and Joaquín Sanmartín. The Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places (KTU: second, enlarged edition). Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 1995. |
KTU3 |
Manfried Dietrich, Oswald Loretz, and Joaquín Sanmartín. Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani und anderen Orten = The Cuneiform alphabetic texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and other places, Third, enlarged edition. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2013. |
KUB |
Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi. Berlin, 1921–. |
LA |
Ibn Manḏūr. Lisānu l-ʿarab. Bayrūt, 1990. |
Lane |
Lane, Edward William. Maddu-l-Kamoos. An Arabic–English Lexicon. 8 volumes. London: Williams & Norgate, 1863–1893. |
Languages |
Luukko, Mikko, and Greta van Buylaere. “Languages and Writing Systems in Assyria.” In A Companion to Assyria, edited by Eckart Frahm, 313–35. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2017. |
LAPO |
Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient. |
LIQ |
Ricks, Stephen D. Lexicon of Inscriptional Qatabanian. Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1989. |
LM |
Arbach, Mounir. “Le maḏâbien: lexique, onomastique et grammaire d’ une langue de l’ Arabie méridionale préislamique. T. 1. Lexique maḏâbien.” PhD diss., Université de Provence Aix-Marseille I, 1993. |
LS |
Leslau, Wolf. Lexique Soqoṭri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques. Paris: Klincksieck, 1938. |
LSyr |
Brockelmann, Carl. Lexicon Syriacum. Halle: Olms, 1928. |
MAD |
Materials for the Assyrian Dictionary. Chicago: University of Chicago. |
MAD 1 |
Gelb, Ignace J. Sargonic Texts from the Diyala Region. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1952, 19612. |
MAD 3 |
Gelb, Ignace J. Glossary of Old Akkadian. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1957. |
MAD 4 |
Gelb, Ignace J. Sargonic Texts in the Louvre Museum. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1970. |
MAD 5 |
Gelb, Ignace J. Sargonic Texts in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1970. |
MARI |
Mari. Annales de Recherches Interdisciplinaires. Paris, 1982–. |
MARV |
Mitelassyrische Rechtsurkunden und Verwaltungstexte. Berlin, 1980–. |
MBLET |
Gurney, Oliver R. The Middle Babylonian Legal and Economic Texts from Ur. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 1983. |
MC 4 |
Steinkeller, Piotr. Third-Millennium Legal and Administrative Texts in the Iraq Museum, Baghdad (Mesopotamian Civilizations vol. 4). Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1992. |
MD |
Drower, Ethel Stefana, and Rudolf Macuch. A Mandaic Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963. |
MDP |
Mémoires de la Délégation en Perse. Paris, 1990–. |
MDP 2 |
Scheil, Vincent. Textes élamites-sémitiques. Paris: Leroux, 1900. |
MDP 6 |
Scheil, Vincent. Textes élamites-sémitiques. Paris: Leroux, 1905. |
MDP 10 |
Scheil, Vincent. Textes élamites-sémitiques. Paris: Leroux, 1908. |
MDP 14 |
Scheil, Vincent. Textes élamites-sémitiques. Paris: Leroux, 1913. |
MDP 18 |
Dossin, Georges. Autres textes sumériens et accadiens. Paris: Leroux, 1927. |
MDP 22 |
Scheil, Vincent. Actes juridiques susiens. Paris: Leroux, 1930. |
MDP 23 |
Scheil, Vincent. Actes juridiques susiens. Paris: Leroux, 1932. |
MDP 24 |
Scheil, Vincent. Actes juridiques susiens. Paris: Leroux, 1933. |
MDP 27 |
van der Meer, Petrus Emmanuel. Textes scolaires de Suse. Paris: Leroux, 1935. |
MDP 28 |
Scheil, Vincent. Mélanges épigraphiques. Paris: Leroux, 1939. |
MDP 34 |
De Bruins, Evert M., and Marguerite Rutten. Textes mathématiques de Suse. Paris: Geuthner, 1961. |
MDP 41 |
Stève, Marie-Joseph. Tchoga Zanbil (Dur Untash). Volume III. Textes élamites et accadiens de Tchoga Zanbil. Paris: Geuthner, 1967. |
MDP 53 |
Stève, Marie-Joseph. Nouveaux mélanges épigraphiques: Inscriptions royales de Suse et de la Susiane. Nice: Éditions Serre, 1987. |
MDP 55 |
De Graef, Katrien. De la dynastie Simashki au Sukkalmahat: les documents fin PE IIb-début PE III du Chantier B à Suse. Gent: Universiteit Gent, 2006. |
MDP 57 |
Labat, René, in collaboration with Dietz-Otto Edzard. Textes littéraires de Suse. Paris: Geuthner, 1974. |
MEE |
Materiali Epigrafici di Ebla. Neapel, 1979–. |
MEE 1 |
Pettinato, Giovanni. Catalogo dei testi cuneiformi di Tell Mardikh-Ebla. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1979. |
MEE 3 |
Pettinato, Giovanni. Testi lessicali monolingui della biblioteca L. 2769. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1981. |
MEE 4 |
Pettinato, Giovanni. Testi lessicali bilingui della biblioteca L. 2769. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1982. |
MEE 5 |
Pettinato, Giovanni. Testi amministrativi di Ebla, Archivio L. 2752. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1996. |
MEE 7 |
D’Agostino, Franco. Testi amministrativi di Ebla. Archivio L. 2769, 2 vols. Roma: Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, 1996. |
MEE 10 |
Mander, Pietro, Administrative Texts of the Archive L. 2769. Roma: Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, 1990. |
MEE 12 |
Waetzoldt, Hartmut. Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungstexte aus Ebla. Archiv L. 2769. Roma: Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, 2001. |
MEE 15 |
Picchioni, Sergio A. Testi lessicali monolingui “éš-bar-kinx”. Roma: Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, 1997. |
MesCiv. |
Mesopotamian Civilization. Winona Lake, 1989–. |
MHET |
Mesopotamian History and Environment-Texts. Gent, 1991–. |
ML |
Johnstone, T.M. Mehri Lexicon. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1987. |
MO |
Maništušu Obelisk, in Ignace J. Gelb, Piotr Steinkeller, and Robert M. Whiting, Jr. Earliest Land Tenure Systems in the Near East: Ancient Kudurrus. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1991, 116–40 no. 40. |
MSKH |
Brinkman, John A. Materials and Studies for Kassite History, Vol. I. A Catalogue of Cuneiform Sources Pertaining to Specific Monarchs of the Kassite Dynasty. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1976. |
MSL |
Materialien zum sumerischen Lexikon. Rom, 1937–. |
MSL 5 |
Landsberger, Benno. The Series ḪAR-ra = ḫubullu. Tablets I–IV. Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1957. |
MTTC |
Jakob, Stefan. Die mittelassyrische Texte aus Tell Chuēra in Nordost-Syrien. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2009. |
MUN |
Sassmannshausen, Leonhard. Beiträge zur Verwaltung und Gesellschaft Babyloniens in der Kassitenzeit. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 2001. |
MVN 3 |
Owen, David I. The John Frederick Lewis Collection. Materiali per il vocabulario neosumerico vol. 3. Roma: Multigrafica Editrice, 1975. |
NABU |
Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires. Paris, 1987- |
NATAPA I |
Fales, Frederick Mario, and Liane Jakob-Rost. “Neo-Assyrian Texts from Assur. Private Archives in the Vorderasiatisches Museum of Berlin. Part 1.” State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 5 (1991): 3–157. |
NATAPA II |
Deller, Karlheinz, Frederick Mario Fales, and Liane Jakob-Rost. “Neo-Assyrian Texts from Assur. Private Archives in the Vorderasiatisches Museum of Berlin. Part 2.” State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 9 (1995): 3–137. |
OAA |
Old Assyrian Archives. Leiden. |
OAB |
Michel, Cécile. Old Assyrian Bibliography. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 2003. |
OAIC |
Gelb, Ignace J. Old Akkadian Inscriptions in Chicago Natural History Museum. Texts of Legal and Business Interest. Chicago: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1955. |
OBO 160/3 |
Westenholz, Aage. “The Old Akkadian Period: History and Culture.” In Mesopotamien. Akkade-Zeit und Ur III-Zeit, edited by Pascal Attinger, and Markus Wäfler, 15–117. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis vol. 160/3. Freiburg, Schweiz: Universitätsverlag; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1999. |
OBTI(V) |
Greengus, Samuel. Old Babylonian Tablets from Ishchali and Vicinity. Leiden: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul, 1979. |
OBTR |
Dalley, Stephanie, Christopher B.F. Walker, and John D. Hawkins. The Old Babylonian Texts from Tell al-Rimah. London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 1976. |
OECT |
Oxford Editions of Cuneiform Texts. Oxford, 1923–. |
OECT 10 |
McEwan, Gilbert J.P. Late Babylonian Texts in the Ashmolean Museum. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. |
OECT 12 |
Joannès, Francis. Les tablettes néobabyloniennes de la Bodleian Library conservées à l’ Ashmolean Museum. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990. |
OIC 22 |
Civil, Miguel. “Appendix A: Cuneiform Texts.” In Excavations at Nippur. Eleventh Season, edited by McGuire Gibson, 125–42. Oriental Institute Communications no. 22. Chicago-London: University of Chicago Press, 1975. |
OIP |
Oriental Institute Publications. Chicago, 1924–. |
OIP 2 |
Luckenbill, Daniel David. The Annals of Sennacherib. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1924. |
OIP 14 |
Luckenbill, Daniel David. Inscriptions from Adab. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1930. |
OIP 97 |
Biggs, Robert D. “The Cuneiform Inscriptions.” In Nippur II. The North Temple and Sounding E, by Donald McCown, Richard C. Haines, Robert D. Biggs, and Elizabeth F. Carter, 71–95. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1978. |
OIP 99 |
Biggs, Robert D. Inscriptions from Tell Abū Ṣalābīkh. Chicago-London: Chicago University Press, 1974. |
OIP 114 |
Cole, Steven W. The Early Neo-Babylonian Governor’s Archive from Nippur. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1996. |
OIP 129 |
Biggs, Robert D. “Appendix 3: The Inscriptions.” In Nippur V. The Early Dynastic to Akkadian Transition. The Area WF Sounding at Nippur, edited by Augusta McMahon, 165–69. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2006. |
Or 51 |
Steinkeller, Piotr. “Two Sargonic Sale Documents Concerning Women.” Orientalia 51 (1982): 355–68, Tab. XXXI. |
OSP 1 |
Westenholz, Aage. Old Sumerian and Old Akkadian Texts in Philadelphia Chiefly from Nippur. Part One: Literary and Lexical Texts and the Earliest Administrative Documents from Nippur. Malibu: Undena Publications, 1975. |
OSP 2 |
Westenholz, Aage. Old Sumerian and Old Akkadian Texts in Philadelphia. Part Two: The ‘Akkadian’ Texts, the Enlilemaba Texts, and the Onion Archive. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1987. |
Piamenta |
Piamenta, Moshe. Dictionary of Post-Classical Yemeni Arabic. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 1990. |
PBS |
University of Pennsylvania, Publications of the Babylonian Section. Philadelphia, 1911–. |
PBS 1/2 |
Lutz, Henry Frederick. Selected Sumerian and Babylonian Texts. Philadelphia: The University Museum, 1919. |
PBS 5 |
Poebel, Arno. Historical and Grammatical Texts. Philadelphia: The University Museum, 1914. |
PBS 8/2 |
Chiera, Edward. Old Babylonian Contracts. Philadelphia: The University Museum, 1922. |
PBS 9 |
Barton, George A. Sumerian Business and Administrative Documents from the Earliest Times to the Dynasty of Agade. Philadelphia: The University Museum, 1915. |
PBS 15 |
Legrain, Leon. Royal Inscriptions and Fragments from Nippur and Babylon. Philadelphia: The University Museum, 1926. |
PIHANS |
Publications de l’ Institut Historique Archeologique Néerlandais de Stamboul. Leiden, 1956–. |
PIHANS 117 |
Eidem, Jesper. The Royal Archives from Tell Leilan. Old Babylonian Letters and Treaties from the Lower Town Palace East. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 2011. |
PNA |
Radner, Karen, and Heather Baker, edited by. The Prosopography of the Neo Assyrian Empire, I–III. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1997–2011. |
PRAK |
de Genouillac, Henri. Premières recherches archéologiques à Kich. Paris: Champion, 1924–1925. |
PRU 3 |
Nougayrol, Jean. Le Palais Royal d’ Ugarit III. Paris: Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1955. |
PRU 4 |
Nougayrol, Jean. Le Palais Royal d’ Ugarit IV. Paris: Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1956. |
PRU 6 |
Nougayrol, Jean. Le Palais Royal d’ Ugarit VI. Paris: Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1970. |
PSD |
The Sumerian Dictionary of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1984–. |
Q.2.5 |
U.2.24.375, and similar codes refer to Brinkman, John A. Materials and Studies for Kassite History, Vol. I. A Catalogue of Cuneiform Sources Pertaining to Specific Monarchs of the Kassite Dynasty. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1976. |
RA |
Revue d’ assyriologie. |
RA 73 |
Lambert, Maurice. “Grand document juridique de Nippur du temps de Ur-zag-è, roi d’ Uruk.” Revue d’ assyriologie 73 (1979): 1–22. |
RIMA |
The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Assyrian Periods. Toronto, 1987–. |
RIMB |
Frame, Grant. Rulers of Babylonia. From the Second Dynasty of Isin to the End of Assyrian Domination (1157–612 BC). The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Babylonian Periods 2. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995. |
RIME |
Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Early periods. Toronto, 1993–. |
RIME 1 |
Frayne, Douglas R. The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Presargonic Period (2700–2350 BC). Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008. |
RIME 2 |
Frayne, Douglas R. The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Sargonic and Gutian Periods (2334–2113 BC). Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993. |
RIME 4 |
Frayne, Douglas R. The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Old Babylonian Period (2003–1595 BC). Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. |
RINAP 3/I–3/II |
Grayson A. Kirk, and Jamie Novotny. The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704–681 BC), Part 1 & Part 2. The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period, vols. 3/1 & 3/2. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2012–2014. |
RlA |
Reallexikon der Assyriologie. Berlin-Leipzig, 1932–. |
Rochester |
Sigrist, Marcel. Documents from Tablet Collections in Rochester, New York. Bethesda: CDL Press, 1991. |
RSM |
Dalley, Stephanie. A Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets in the Collections of the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, with Copies of the Texts. Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Museum, 1979. |
RSOu |
Ras Shamra-Ougarit. Paris, 1983–. |
RT |
Recueil de travaux relatifs à la philologie et à l’ archéologie égyptienne et assyrienne. Paris 1870- |
RTC |
Thureau-Dangin, François. Recueil de Tablettes Chaldéennes. Paris: Leroux, 1903. |
SA |
Hasselbach, Rebecca. Sargonic Akkadian. A Historical and Comparative Study of the Syllabic Texts. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005. |
SAA |
States Archives of Assyria. Helsinki, 1987–. |
SAA I |
Parpola, Simo, The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I: Letters from Assyria and the West. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1987. |
SAA II |
Parpola, Simo, and Kazuko Watanabe. Neo-Assyrian Treaties and Loyalty Oaths. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1988. |
SAA III |
Livingstone, Alasdair. Court Poetry and Literary Miscellanea. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1989. |
SAA IV |
Starr, Ivan. Queries to the Sungod: Divination and Politics in Sargonid Assyria. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1990. |
SAA V |
Lanfranchi, Giovanni Battista, and Simo Parpola. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1990. |
SAA VI |
Kwasman, Theodore, and Simo Parpola. Legal Transactions of the Royal Court of Nineveh, Part I, Tiglath-Pileser III through Esarhaddon. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1991. |
SAA VII |
Fales, Frederick Mario, and John Nicholas Postgate. Imperial Administrative Records, Part I: Palace and Temple Administration. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1992. |
SAA VIII |
Hunger, Hermann. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1992. |
SAA IX |
Parpola, Simo. Assyrian Prophecies. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1997. |
SAA X |
Parpola, Simo. Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1993. |
SAA XI |
Fales, Frederick Mario, and John Nicholas Postgate. Imperial Administrative Records, Part II: Provincial and Military Administration. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1995. |
SAA XII |
Kataja, Laura, and Robert Whiting. Grants, Decrees and Gifts of the Neo-Assyrian Period. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1995. |
SAA XIII |
Cole, Steven W., and Peter Machinist. Letters from Priests to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1998. |
SAA XIV |
Mattila, Raija. Legal Transactions of the Royal Court of Nineveh, Part II, Assurbanipal through Sin-šarru-iškun. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1991. |
SAA XV |
Fuchs, Andreas, and Simo Parpola. The correspondence of Sargon II, Part III: Letters from Babylonia and the Eastern Provinces. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 2001. |
SAA XVI |
Luukko, Mikko, and Greta van Buylaere. The Political Correspondence of Esarhaddon. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 2002. |
SAA XVII |
Dietrich, Manfried. The Babylonian Correspondence of Sargon and Sennacherib. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 2003. |
SAA XVIII |
Reynolds, Frances. The Babylonian Correspondence of Esarhaddon and Letters to Assurbanipal and Sin-šarru-iškun from Northern and Central Babylonia. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 2003. |
SAA XIX |
Luukko, Mikko. The Correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III and Sargon II from Calah / Nimrud. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2012. |
SAA XX |
Parpola, Simo. Assyrian Royal Rituals and Cultic Texts. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2017. |
SAA XXI |
Macgregor, Sherry Lou. Beyond Hearth and Home: Women in the Public Sphere in Neo-Assyrian Society. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2012. |
SAB |
Kienast, Burkhart, and Konrad Volk. Die sumerischen und akkadischen Briefe. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1995. |
SAOC |
Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization. Chicago, 1931–. |
SbB 1 |
Johannes Hackl, Michael Jursa, and Martina Schmidl. Spätbabylonische Privatbriefe. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2014. |
SbB 2 |
Yuval Levavi. Administrative Epistolography in the Formative Phase of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Münster: Zaphon, 2018. |
SCCNH |
Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians. Winona Lake, 1981- |
SCTRAH |
Molina, Manuel. Sargonic Cuneiform Tablets in the Real Academia de la Historia: The Carl L. Lippmann Collection. Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia, 2014. |
SD |
Beeston, A.F.L., M.A. Ghul, W.W. Müller, and J. Ryckmans. Sabaic Dictionary (English-French-Arabic). Leuven: Peeters, 1982. |
SED I |
Militarev, Alexander, and Leonid Kogan. Semitic Etymological Dictionary. Vol. 1. Anatomy of Man and Animals. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2000. |
SED II |
Militarev, Alexander, and Leonid Kogan. Semitic Etymological Dictionary. Vol. 2. Animal Names. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2005. |
ShA 1 |
Eidem Jesper, and Jørgen Læssøe. The Shemshāra Archives. Vol. 1: The Letters. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 2001. |
SLB |
Studia at tabulas cuneiformes a de Liagre Böhl collectas pertinentia. Leiden, 1952–. |
SpTU |
Followed by a number: text published by Hermann Hunger. Spätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk, Teil 1. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1976. |
StAt |
Studien zu den Assur-Texten. Berlin-Saarbrücken 1999–. |
STT 1 |
Gurney, Oliver R., and Jacob J. Finkelstein. The Sultantepe Tablets I. London: British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, 1957. |
STT 2 |
Gurney, Oliver R., and Peter Hulin. The Sultantepe Tablets II. London: The British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, 1964. |
Sumer |
Journal of Archaeology and History in Iraq. |
TA |
az-Zabīdī. Tāj al-‘arūs. Kuwayt, 1965–2001. |
TCBI 1 |
Pomponio, Francesco. Tavolette cuneiformi di Adab delle collezioni della Banca d’Italia. Roma: Centro Stampa della Banca d’Italia, 2006. |
TCL |
Textes cuneiformes, Musée du Louvre. Paris, 1910–. |
TCL 6 |
Thureau-Dangin, François. Tablettes d’ Uruk à l’ usage des prêtres du Temple d’ Anu au temps des Séleucides. Paris: Geuthner, 1922. |
TCL 9 |
Contenau, Georges. Contrats et Lettres d’ Assyrie et de Babylonie. Paris: Geuthner, 1926. |
TED |
Kane, Thomas Leiper. Tigrinya-English Dictionary. Springfield: Dunwoody Press, 2000. |
TIM |
Texts in the Iraq Museum. Baghdad-Wiesbaden, 1964–. |
TIM 1 |
Al-Zeebari, Akram. Old Babylonian Letters. Baghdad: Directorate General of Antiquities, 1964. |
TJDB |
Szlechter, Emile. Tablettes juridiques de la Ire dynastie de Babylone conservées au Musée d’ Art et d’ Histoire de Gèneve. Paris: Recueil Sirey, 1958. |
TLB |
Tabulae Cuneiformes a F.M.Th. de Liagre Böhl collectae. Leiden, 1954–. |
TMH NF |
Texte und Materialien der Frau Professor Hilprecht Collection Jena. Neue Folge. Berlin, 1961–. |
TSifr |
Jean, Charles-François. Tell Sifr. Textes cunéiformes conservés au British Museum. Paris: Geuthner, 1931. |
TSŠ |
Jestin, Raymond R. Tablettes sumériennes de Šuruppak conservées au Musée de Stamboul. Paris: De Boccard, 1937. |
UBDB |
Peiser, Felix E. Urkunden aus der Zeit der dritten babylonischen Dynastie, in Urschrift, Umschrift, und Übersetzung herausgegeben. Berlin: W. Peiser, 1905. |
UCP |
University of California Publications in Semitic Philology. Berkeley, 1907–. |
UET |
Ur Excavations. Texts. London, 1928–. |
UET 2 |
Burrows, Eric. Archaic Texts. London: The Trustees of the Two Museums, 1935. |
UET 4 |
Woolley, Sir Leonard. Ur Excavations. The Earely Periods. London: The Trustees of the Two Museums, 1955. |
UET 5 |
Figulla, Hugo Heinrich, and William James Martin. Letters and Documents of the Old Babylonian Period. London: The Trustees of the Two Museums, 1953. |
UET 7 |
Gurney, Oliver R. Middle Babylonian Legal Documents, and other Texts. London: The Trustees of the Two Museums, 1974. |
Ug 5 |
Nougayrol, Jean. “Textes suméro-accadiens des archives et bibliothèques privées d’ Ugarit.” In Ugaritica V, by Hean Nougayrol, Emmanuel Laroche, Charles Virolleaud, and Claude F.A. Schaeffer, 1–446. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1968. |
Variation |
Luukko, Mikko. Grammatical Variation in Neo-Assyrian. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2004. |
VAT 4920 |
Peiser, Felix Ernst. Urkunden aus der Zeit der dritten babylonischen Dynastie. Berlin: W. Peiser Verlag, 1905. |
VDI |
Vestnik drevnei istorii |
VE |
Vocabulary of Ebla. Cf. Pettinato, Giovanni. Testi lessicali bilingui della biblioteca L. 2769. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1982. |
VI.3 |
Arnaud, Daniel. Recherches au pays d’ Aštata. Emar VI.3. Textes sumériens et accadiens. Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1986. |
VS |
Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmäler der (Königl.) Museen zu Berlin. Berlin, 1907–. |
Wb |
Erman, Adolf, and Hermann Grapow. Ägyptisches Handwörterbuch. Berlin, 1921. |
Wehr |
Wehr, Hans. A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1979. |
WF |
Deimel, Anton. Wirtschaftstexte aus Fara. Die Inschriften von Fara III. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’she Buchhandlung, 1924. |
WH |
Walde, Alois, and Johann Hofmann. Lateinisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1972. |
WKAS |
Ullmann, Manfred. Wörterbuch der klassischen arabischen Sprache. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1957–. |
WMAH |
Sauren, Herbert. Wirtschaftsurkunden aus der Zeit der III. Dynastie von Ur im Besitz des Musée d’ Art et d’ Histoire in Genf. Teil I: Umschrift und Übersetzung, Indizes. Napoli: Istituto Orientale, 1969. |
WO 13 |
Foster, Benjamin R. “Notes on Sargonic Legal and Juridical Procedures.” Die Welt des Orients 13 (1982): 15–24. |
WTS |
Littmann, Enno, and Maria Höfner. Wörterbuch der Tigre-Sprache. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1956. |
WVDOG |
Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. |
WVDOG 143 |
Steible, Horst, and Fatma Yıldız. Wirtschaftstexte aus Fara II. Texte der Viehverwaltung von Šuruppak. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2015. |
WZJ 8 |
Inez Bernhardt, and Jussi Aro, “Mittelbabylonische Briefe in der Hilprecht-Sammlung,” Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena 8 (1958–59): 565–74 (HS 108–116). |
YOS |
Yale Oriental Series, Babylonian Texts. New Haven-London-Oxford, 1915–. |
YOS 3 |
Clay, Albert T. Neo-Babylonian Letters from Erech. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1919. |
YOS 8 |
Faust, David Earl. Contracts from Larsa, Dated in the Reign of Rim-Sin. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1941. |
YOS 10 |
Goetze, Albrecht. Old Babylonian Omen Texts. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1947. |
YOS 13 |
Finkelstein, Jacob J. Late Old Babylonian Documents and Letters. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972. |
YOS 15 |
Goetze, Albrecht, edited by Benjamin R. Foster. Cuneiform Texts from Various Collections. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. |
YOS 21 |
Frahm, Eckart, and Michael Jursa. Neo-Babylonian Letters and Contracts from the Eanna Archive. New Haven, Yale University Press, 2011. |
ZA |
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie. |
ZA 87 |
Wilcke, Claus. “Amar-girids Revolte gegen Narām-Suʾen.” Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 87 (1997): 11–32. |