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Index

Almost all the entries in this index are under the headings of the eight chapters. This seemed the best way to assist readers in finding entries specific to the place and time of the individual wars.

Aztecs
Ahuitzotl, King 83
Angry war 70, 73, 80–83, 85
Axayactl, King 82
Captives 85, 93–97, 212
Booty 71
Caso, Alfonso 77
Coe, Michael 79
College matrons 77
Commercial basis of empire 70–72
Compensation, for families 98
Conquistadors 72, 78, 89, 211
Cortez, Hernan 72, 84, 89
Duran, Diego 83
Flowery war 70, 73, 83–85, 99
Free commoners 78
Gods 73–74, 93
Governance 71, 73
Great Speaker 76, 83, 93, 98
Hair 90
Harner, Michael 85
Hassig, Ross 74, 84
Hicks, Frderick 84
House of Youth 79–80
Huitzilopochtli 74
Human sacrifice 93
Jus ad bello 88
Jus in bello 88
Looting 81
Massacre 81
Maxtla, King 81
Mexitli 69
Military academies 79
Military hierarchy 89
Monks 77
Motifs 74
Nuns 77
Peace 74
People without standing 88–89
Pity 81
Pochteca 77
Porter novices boys 77, 92
Priesthood 77
Priests, fire & offering 77
Prisoners of war 70, 91
Religious motivation 73, 99
Role of war 75
Royal family 76, 83
Sacrificial captives 96, 99
Sacrificial cosmology 75
Standing 88–90
Sword 87
Taxes 72, 98
Tizoc, King 82–83
Triple Alliance 71–72
Warrior dress 90
Warrior lock 90, 97
Warriors 90–92, 99
Weapons 86–88
Women 88
Baldwin, Stanley 199
Elizabethan England (Pirates and Privateers)
Act of Supremacy 1559 176
Anjou, Duke 175
Assertion of Lawfulness 177
Battles, Gravelines 175
Cecil, Sir Robert 184
Corsair 173
Drake, Sir Farncis 172–173, 179, 180–181, 185, 214
Fire ships 175
Fleming, Thomas 184
Geopolitical paradigm 172
Golden Hind 180–181
Governance 177
Gravelines 175
Grey zone 214
Hanna, Mark 178
Hawkins, Sir John 172, 180
Hawkins, Williams 180
Henry of Navarre 183
Howard, Lord Admiral Charles 172
Implied immunity 182
International relations 175
Jochnick, Chris 177
Jus gentium 163
Keynes, John Maynard 181
Lambert, Andrew 185
Lehr, Peter 172, 179, 214
Letters of marque 174–175, 177, 214
Letters of reprisal 173, 177–178, 214
Loot 180
Madre de Dios 183
Normand, Roger 177
Peifer, Douglas 174, 177, 214
pew-m 171–175, 183, 185
Pirate 174, 179
Private economic warfare maritime See pew-m
Private men of war 174
Privateer 173
Privy Council 184
Prizes 178
Prohibited conduct 179
Ralegh, Walter 179, 184
Reprisal 180
Rodger, Nicholas 173–174
Spanish Armada 183–184
Thayer Mahan, Alfred 174, 214
Treaty, France and Spain 181
Vice admiralty court 178
Geneva Convention 209–210, 212
Grey zones 213, 214
Humanitarian principles and law 208, 211–212
Indigenous Australians
Alexander, Richard 6
Allen, Mark 8
Ambushes 9
Ammunition gathers 39, 40
Bias 3, 10
Blandowski, William 4, 27
Basedow, Herbert 4, 12
Bates, Daisy 13
Battles 7, 9, 27, 35–36
Brendt, Catherine 5, 14, 33
Broome, Richard 15
Casus bello 10
Children 39
Common good 13
Communications 19, 20
Confederacies 18–19
Confrontation, types of 21
Connor, John 8, 15
Damages 33
Darmangeat, Christophe 8, 9, 10, 15
Dennis, Peter 7
Domestic violence 7
Duels 9, 33
Duncan Kemp, Alice 13, 17–18
Eaglehawk 18
El Nino effect 6
Elders 38, 40
Elopements 11
Fatalities 9
Feuding 5
Flanagan, Roderick 4
Forgiveness 41
Gairabau 12
Gardner, Peter 11
Gety, George 14
Gin See Women
Grey, George 18
Grey, Jeffrey 7
Headmen 14
Hunter gatherer warfare 3, 15
Howitt, Alfred 12
Invasion 11, 13
Judicial and sorcery expeditions 5, 9, 23
Keen, Ian 21
Kwampi 25–26
Land 8, 12
Leaders, military 15–16
Makarrata 8
Meggitt, Mervyn 14
Message stick 20
Minimise harm 212
Murray, Angus 43
Non combatants 38
Ordeals 9
Otterbein, K & C 5
Payback 33
Peace making ceremonies 8
Pemulwuy 6
Prentis, Malcolm 6
Prohibited actions 30
Raids 13, 21–26
Revenge attacks 5, 21, 34
Ritualistic warfare 6
Roth, Walter 13
Scarification 27
Shields 21
Signalling 19, 20
Sorcery 5
Stealth attacks 21
Sutton, Peter 8
Taplin, Rev 19
Tasaday people 5, 6
Thorpe, Nick 8
Tjinakarpil 5
Torres Strait Islanders 3
Totemic leaders 13, 15
Trespass 11–12
Types of warfare 21
Unaipon, David 14
Vengence 11
Von Clausewitz, Carl 7
Warrior lodges 16–17, 32
Warriors 13, 18
Weapons 37, 39
Wheeler, Gerald 12
Willmot, Eric 6
Women 10, 23, 39
Wounded 34, 35–36, 40
Yunkaporta, Tyson 33
International humanitarian law 197
Lawfare 198
Lieber Code 1863 Chapter 8
Maoris
Apologies by crown 44, 50, 53–54, 57, 61, 64–65, 67
Armed Constabulary Act 1867 60
Bayonets 44
Boulcott’s Farm 48
Cameron, General 54–55
Cannibalism 60, 62
Carey, General 58
Chatham Islands Penal Settlement 60–61, 63
Chivalry 57
Colonial Forces Courts-Martial Act 63
Constitution Act 1852 49
Crown indemnity 54
Dirty war 59
Disturbed Districts Act 1869 64–65
Fitzroy, Governor 45–46
Flagstaff 46
Fulloon, James 60
Habeas corpus 67
Henare Wiremu Taratoa 57–58
High chivalry 57
Hone Heke Pokai 46
Indemnity, for the Crown 54
Gate Pa 57–58
Gore Browne, Governor 51
Greer, Lt Col 57, 210
Grey, George 47–49, 53
Kororareka 46
Land, authority to sell 50, 53
Lloyd, Thomas 59
Maori Prisoners Act 66
Maori Prisoners Detention Act 1880 66
Martial law 51
Monarch / King, Maori 50
Native Districts Regulation Act 49
New Zealand Settlements Act 1863 54
Ngati Tuwharetoa 61
Ngati Whare 65
Native Protectorate 49
Oath of Allegiance 54
Outlying Districts Police Act 1865 60
Pai Marire 59–60
Parihaka 66
Potatau Te Wherowhero 46
Rape, incidence of 61, 65
Riwha Titokowaru 62
Rawiri Puhirake 52, 198
Rules of war 44
Runanga Scheme 53
Scorched earth policy 58, 60
Self government, Maori 50
Suppression of Rebellion Act 1863 54
Tamati Waka Nene 46
Tamehana, Wiremu 58
Taratoa, Henare Wiremu 57–58, 210
Tawhiao, King 65
Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki 63–65
Te Rangihaeata 45, 48
Te Rauparaha 45, 48–49
Te Teira Manuka 50
Terms of Submission 58
Titokowaru 63
Treason-Felony Act 1868 64
Treaty of Waitangi 44, 47, 50, 54, 61, 63, 67
Volkner, Carl 59, 65
Waikato war 54–55
Waitangi Tribunal 53
Waka Nene 46–47
Wakefield, Arthur 45
West Coast Peace Preservation Act 1882 67
West Coast Settlements Act 66
Wiremu Kingi 51–53
Wiremu Tamihana 58
Middle Ages, Late
Appeals 109
Assault 106
Aquinas, Thomas 101–102
Ballista 120
Bartolus 123
Battles
Cocherel 117
Againcourt 106, 124–125
Legnano 120
Potiers 106, 104
Bayeux Tapestry 105
Breach of fealty 117
Breach of oath 115
Beziers 113
Brue, de Guillaume 118
Burning 103
Canonical immunity 112
Capdorat, Erard 123
Casus belli 103
Chivalric Code 102, 107, 126
Chivalric courts 107, 108
Chivalry, laws of 102
Courts 107, 108
Appeals 109
French, of Constable and Marshals 108
Crossbow 120
Death, war to 105, 112
Defence of necessity 125
Defences 121
Duels 109
Edward of Woodstock, Black Prince 104
Edward iii 105, 115, 119
Excommunication 126
Execution 125
Fealty, breach of 117
Feud 101
Feudal war 103, 118
Gentili, Alberico 122
Girat, Duke of Burgundy 104
Godwinson, Harold 105
Governance, system of 107
Guerre mortelle See War to the death
Gunpowder 106
Henry v, King 108
Heralds 109
Hobbs, Thomas 91
Holy wars 112, 121
Infantry 109
Jus in bello 120
Just war 103, 114
Keen, Maurice 103, 112–113
Knights 102, 110–111, 117, 121
Leganano, de Giovanni 123
Magna Carta 112, 120
Navarre, King of 117
Oath, breach of 115
Peace of God 1089 111
Phillip, King 105, 107, 107, 111
Plunder 103
Private war See Feudal war
Prohibited actions 110
Protected persons 111
Prisoners of war 113–114, 118–119
Public war 104, 118
Rape 107
Ransom 116, 118, 121
Red flag 105
Reprisal 122–124
Roman Law 103, 114
Siege wars 106, 113
Spoils, private 118
States of war 103
Tete Noire, Geoffrey 118
Treaty 106
Truces 122
Truces of God 1116, 1127 & 1054 111, 126
Unjust war 111, 126
War to the death 105–106, 112
Weapons 120
William, Count of Hainault 117
Pirates and Privateers See Elizabethan England
Renaissance
Arquebus 132, 141
Articles of war 127, 129, 135
Breach, consequences of 145
Cannon 132
Captured, harm to 139
Cavalry 132
Conduct, prohibited 138
Contracts of service 135
Court, military 146
Death, dishonourable 146
Declaring war 129, 130
Divine law 127
Divine right of kings 127
Drawn and quartered 137, 146
Foot soldiers 132
Forfeiture of possessions 148
Gauntlet, running the 147
Gentili, Alberico 127–129, 138, 141, 143
Gunpowder 127, 132, 140–141
Hanging 137, 147
Harm, incidental 142
Henry viii, King 135
Imprisonment 148
Incidental harm 142
Innocence, loss of 142
Jus ad bellum 127
Jus armorum 129, 135
Jus gentium 128, 139, 143, 149
Jus in bello 128–129, 135, 145, 149
Just, concept of 128–129, 131, 145
Laws of war 127
Legions 133
Looting 134
Maiming 147
Mercenaries 127, 133, 135
Military court 146
Military necessity 141
Moore, Thomas 138
Natural law 128–129
Non participants, protection of 137
Pike 132
Poison 140
Possessions, forfeit of 148
Prohibited conduct 136, 138, 141
Property, harm to 137
Punishment 145–148
Rebels 144
Religion, differences in 143
Reprisal 143
Rome, sack of 134
Running the gauntlet 147
Sacking 134
Slavery 139
Sovereign, authority of 131–132, 145
Suarez, Franscisco 127, 139
Treacherous behaviour 138
Treason 135
United Nations Charter 130
Vitoria, Franscisco 127, 139, 144
Weapons, unfair 140
Women, harm 137
United States Civil War
Abolitionist movement 205
African Americans as soldiers 200
Chang, Karl 197
Civilized warfare 201
Codification of laws of war See Lieber Code
Communications, mass 193–194
Dred Scott v Sandford 204
Dunant, Henry 195
Emancipation 193, 199
Emancipation Proclamation 189, 200
General Orders No 100 See Lieber Code 190, 194, 209
Grant, Ulysses S 189
Halleck, Henry 189, 200
Hard war strategies 187–189, 199
Harm reduction 196
Humanitarian protection 191, 208
Just war 196
Lawfare capability 192, 198, 190
Lieber Code 1863
157 Articles 201
Article 14 193, 202
Article 193, 202
Articles 42 & 43 193, 206–207
Critics of 203, 207
Inspiration for 208
Lieber, Francis 190, 196, 205
Lincoln, Abraham 189, 203–206
loac 191–192, 190, 194, 196–197
LoW 190, 195
McClellan, George 199, 203
March to the sea 187–189
Military necessity 192, 201
Modern war 193
Prohibited conduct 201
Sheehan Dean, Aaron 193
Sherman, Maj Gen William 187–188
Slavery
Abolition of 205
Economy of 199
Emancipation 199, 200
Enlistment in Union army 200
Impact on relations bet North and South 199
Lieber Code 200
Owners rights 204
Reliance on 204
Return to south, slaves 204
Solferino, battle of 194–195
Witt, John Fabian 190, 200
Viking Age
Anglo Saxon Chronicle 151
Arrows 160
Berserkers 168–170
Bloodaxe, Erik 154
Casualties 160
Children 159
Condemned actions 167
Cult of Odin See Odin
Deception 162
Executions 163
Fear 155, 161
Flag See Standard
Freedmen 153, 166
Gods of war 160
Governance 152
Gulating law 166
Gungnir 163
Hallstein, Chief 162
Hamundarson, Gunnar 159
Haraldsson, Olav 169
Hauld 152–153
Hierarchy 151–152
Hjardar, Kim 155, 169, 170
Ironside Bjorn 162
Lindisfarne 150
Longships 161
Loot 162, 166–167
Masculinity 161
Mercenaries 150
Military culture 150
Motivation 162
Mythology 153
Oath of loyalty 157
Odin, cult of 153–157, 159–161
Poetry 151, 170
Prisoners 163
Prohibited actions 165–167
Raids 150, 161
Rank 158
Recruitment 156, 158
Religion 153
Retinues 156–158
Rules of engagement 165
Sagas 151, 168–170
Shock and awe tactics 161
Slaves See Thralls
Standard (flag) 164
Stealing 166
Thor 153
Thralls 152–153, 162–163
Toys 158
Training 158, 160
Trickery 162–164
Tryggvason, King Olafr 159
tv, Vikings 1
Valhalla 154–155, 169
Vike, Vegard 155, 169–170
Warriors, elite 156
Wealth 162
Weapon tings 166
Weapons 159–160, 166
Wounding 165
Voltaire 209
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The Laws of Yesterday’s Wars

From Indigenous Australians to the American Civil War

Series:  International Humanitarian Law Series, Volume: 58
Cover The Laws of Yesterday’s Wars
E-Book ISBN:
9789004464292
Publisher:
Brill | Nijhoff
Print Publication Date:
06 Nov 2021

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